... Michigan, June J Eisner and G Satta 1999 Efficient parsing for bilexical context-free grammars and head automaton grammars In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational ... Schwartz, L Micciulla, and J Makhoul 2006 A study of translation edit rate with targeted human annotation In Proceedings of Association for Machine Translation in the Americas W Wang, K Knight, and ... proposition bank: An annotated corpus of semantic roles Computational Linguistics, 31(1) K Papineni, S Roukos, and T Ward 2001 Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation IBM Research...
... major players in the teaching and learning process When teachers moved from one teaching context to another, teaching locally and abroad, varied factors influenced teachers’ practice, teaching ... learning and teaching take place” Bax argues in his article that “it is time to replace CLT as the central paradigm in language teaching with a Context Approach which places context at the heart ... class The total observing lessons were nine In each lesson the author observed and took notes of the teacher’ preparation of teaching aids, teacher’s presentation and teacher’s teaching strategies...
... major players in the teaching and learning process When teachers moved from one teaching context to another, teaching locally and abroad, varied factors influenced teachers’ practice, teaching ... learning and teaching take place” Bax argues in his article that “it is time to replace CLT as the central paradigm in language teaching with a Context Approach which places context at the heart ... class The total observing lessons were nine In each lesson the author observed and took notes of the teacher’ preparation of teaching aids, teacher’s presentation and teacher’s teaching strategies...
... Questionnaires 20 2.3 Findings and Discussions 33 2.3.1 Teachers’ and Students’ Attitudes towards Speaking and Speaking Materials 33 2.3.2 Teachers’ and Students’ Problems in Teaching and Learning to ... speaking skills 31 Charts: Chart 1: Teachers’ attitudes towards Communicative Language Teaching 22 Chart 2: Teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards students’ speaking competence 23 Chart 3: Teachers’ ... Communicative Language Teaching : Number Voc : Vocabulary Stru : Structures v LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS Tables: Table 1: Teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards speaking skill and the role of teaching...
... implications 2.2.2 Gradable and non- gradable adjectives According to L G Alexander (1988, 108) adjectives can be also divided into gradable and non- gradable Gradable adjectives mean a large class ... up to now C .A plays an important role in learning a foreign language as a main subject at most language universals According to C James (1980;19), C .A is a form of inter-language study anda central ... like to introduce some features of contrastive analysis in learning a foreign language which has particular effect on analyzing a language and its equivalents in other languages and then the author...
... Language Teaching is an approach that aims to make communicative competence the goal of language teaching and it is now the dominant English language teaching approaches; however, not all teachers at ... strategies for understanding language as actually used by native speakers (Canale and Swain, 1980) 1.1.3 The Teachers’ and Students’ roles in Communicative Language Teaching • Teacher roles: As ... questions Ask the learners to read the passage in silence and find the answers Ask learners to read again aloud and ask for the answer Explain difficulties they still have Do silent reading again because...
... English has long been introduced as a compulsory subject, the teaching and learning of ESP in general and reading skills in particular are still far from being satisfactory To be more exact, the ... the advantages of skill-integration in teaching and learning reading and relationship between this skill and the other language skills Part C is the main part of the study It consists of two chapters ... Chapter III aims at identifying and analyzing both strong points and weak points of the teaching and learning of reading ESP in Department of Linguistics and Vietnamese Studies at USSH – VNU based...
... very rare that none of them is present at all To sum up, it is obvious that mastering the nature of real-life classroom can help teachers as well as learners gain success in teaching and learning ... words shapes Initial recognition of meaning of short Material held in STM and Related to materials already held in STM Related materials arriving in STM Meaning extracted from message and retained ... there are at least four common methods of teaching second or foreign language listening: grammar-translation, grammar-method, audio-lingual method and task-based method Grammar- translation method:...
... (Bailey and Savage ,Teach English as a Second Language 1994 _ 449) And again, according to Bailey and Savage “speaking is an activity requiring the integration of many subsystems all these factors continue ... Stage 1: Students are told that they are going to work in pairs - Stage 2: Students in each pair are given the letters Aand B - Stage 3: Students are told that A is a travel agent and B is a ... second language or foreign language has often been viewed as the most demanding of the four skills (Bailey and Savage ,Teach English as a Second Language: 1994 ) Speaking skill has not always figured...
... aspects: interaction, transaction or performance An interaction talk is that talk can create social interactions among people and address the face needs of participants An interaction talk has to focus ... chapter, the data collected from the questionnaires and class observation will be presented and analyzed Data analysis is based on the details of the questionnaires for teachers and students and ... study and data collection methods have also been discussed at great length Next chapter will present presentation and analysis of the data 17 CHAPTER 3: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE DATA In...
... urther once a single post has caught their attention If you don’t have any great photos ready, or you want to add captions, you can create f un images using Memegenerator, ROLFBOT or Someecards Try ... Photo posts have a much higher engagement than any other type of post Text updates, links and videos f all f lat when compared to photos, not to mention questions or platf orm posts Some page managers ... working hard 9-5 and keen to engage on Facebook af ter about 7pm So, make use of Facebook’s scheduling tools and set your best post f or the day to run at about 7pm in the time zone where you have...
... learners need Teaching a second language used to be aimed at enabling learners to read and appreciate class of literature Therefore, any teacher who was able to reach this aim was thought to ... need to understand what they are going to talk and also to master some particular grammar points and language skills The procedures that learners have to undergo to make themselves orally understood ... a small talk which is required to make brief encounters with acquaintances comfortable andpositive • Awareness when to talk and what to talk in an appropriate use of turn-taking conversations...
... is that “the administration of small group work is a demanding and arduous process, as it is a careful planning, preparation and constant motoring” To sum up, teachers have to deal with a number ... techniques in teaching and learning English and it can help other teachers of English be aware of these advantages and apply pair work and group work activities in their teaching 2 II Aims of the ... task practice, improve students’ motivation, allow natural learning and create a context supporting learning as well “In communicative activities the teacher creates a situation and sets an activity...
... me to share with people andto reach out to others and help She taught me that I am a human being first anda man second And that as a man, I should help the women publicly and privately to build ... Gender-Based Approach”, Sexual Health Exchange 1998, no 2, pp 3–6 83 T Valdés and J Olvarríra, eds, “Masculinidades y equidad de genéro en America Latina” 21 Partnering: ANew Approach To Sexual And ... Model of Masculinity andNew Paradigms of Fatherhood 119 Old Paradigm: Masculinity New Paradigm: Fatherhood Primary and sole financial provider Authoritarian disciplinarian Shares financial-provider...
... Galb4GlcNAcb6(Galb4GlcNAcb2)Man (Galb4GlcNAc)3 GalNAca3GalNAca3Galb4Galb4Glc Galb4GlcNAcb6(Galb4GlcNAcb2)Man Mana6(Mana3)ManaR GalNAca3Galb6Glc GalNAca3Gal, GalNAca3GalNAcb3Gala4Galb4Glc GlcNAcb4GlcNAc, ... (mistletoe) MAA I MAA II PHA-E b PHA-L b PSA SNA STA SJA WGA UEA I VVA VAA Man ⁄ Glc Gal ⁄ GalNAc a Potent oligosaccharidea Galb3GalNAca Galb3GalNAca GlcNAcb2Mana6(GlcNAcb2Mana3)Manb4GlcNAc (GlcNAc)n, ... PNA Con A DSA DBA ECA GNA SBA GSA I GSA II Gal ⁄ GalNAc Gal Man ⁄ Glc GlcNAc GalNAc Gal Man GalNAc GalNAc GlcNAc Lens culinaris (lentil) Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) LCA LEA Man ⁄ Glc Maackia...
... Tuula, Susanna, Katri, and Juha as an integral part of my intellectual welfare I have had the privilege to be able to attend several international conferences, to meet new colleagues, andto see some ... regard to paper manufacturing and the end-uses of paper products as well as in paper recycling Almost as long as man has made paper, first by hand and then industrially, different additives have ... xyloglucan, CMC, and PDADMAC on cellulose nanofibril model surfaces (Paper II) In contrast to xyloglucan and CMC, addition PDADMAC induced a sharp increase in frequency anda decrease in dissipation,...
... direct language? What you feel as a reader when you read less direct language? When is it appropriateto use polite, indirect language? What are the advantages and disadvantages of indirect language? ... sequential, and is designed so that the instructor can pick -and- choose what is relevant Parts can be used in the classroomand integrated into a writing lesson Parts can be used as a stand-alone ... appropriateto use direct language? What are the advantages and disadvantages of direct language? When can communication be direct as well as polite? Indirect Language What you feel as the writer...
... for Latin America and the Caribbean The authors are grateful to David Scott, Jose de Luna, Rafael Gamboa, Tony Randle, Lily Chu and the participants of the April 2011 meeting of the World Bank ... must already exist, with a clear operating mandate, experienced professional staff, and the financial capacity to respond to the financial needs and ramp-up their operations when the private market ... private sector Clear mandates also enhance the accountability of the board of directors and management and facilitate monitoring the performance of the institution Mandates should be preferably...