... World Investment Report, global foreigndirectinvestment inflows increased by 30% in 2007 and 38% in 2006 The data indicate that global foreigndirectinvestment flows increased slightly in 2004 ... ForeignDirectInvestmentinthe United States and U.S DirectInvestment Abroad, Annual Flows, 1990-2009 (in billions of dollars) .1 Tables Table ForeignDirectInvestment Position inthe ... such mainstays of foreigndirectinvestment activity as mergers and acquisitions Foreigndirect investments inthe U.S manufacturing sector generally were higher, while investments in banks, finance,...
... Thedirectinvestmentin buildings, machinery and equipment is in contrast with making a portfolio investment, which is considered an indirect investmentIn recent years, given rapid growth and ... are two main categories of international investment- Foreign Portfolio InvestmentandForeignDirect Investment: Foreign Portfolio investment refers to theinvestmentin a company’s stocks, bonds, ... factory in another country Thedirectinvestmentin buildings, machinery and equipment is in contrast with making a portfolio investment, which is considered an indirect investmentIn recent years,...
... training becomes part of the initial investmentand another sunk cost 3.9FDI and Inter – Industry Linkages FDI can influence the economy of the host country via inter- industry linkages To the ... gives rise to costs and benefits for the countries involved, the investing country (the source of the investment) andthe host country (the recipient or the destination of the investment) It is ... surge in Japanese investment there Inthe recent seminar on Vietnam investment held in Tokyo, Vietnamese Planning andInvestment Minister Vo Hong Phuc pledged to improve his country’s investment...
... examine motives of FDI makers, the following section reviews some theories Explaining ForeignDirectInvestment flows Theories explaining FDI assert that the basis for such investment lies inthe ... -8.3 Source: The International Financial Institutions and World Resources Institutions cited in Cailloux and Jones, 1999 Indonesia ForeignDirectInvestmentin Thailand FDI in Thailand has been ... Japanese directinvestmentin Thailand, mostly involving joint ventures, being concentrated inthe automotive and electronics industries (OECD, 1999a) Due to the economic recession in Japan in the...
... integrating both domestic andforeigninvestment (Unified Investment Law 2006) These changes and amendments aim to remove obstacles against the operation of foreign investors and to improve theinvestment ... (2000) ForeignDirect Investment, Trade, and Vietnam’s Interdependence inthe APEC Region, Chaper 2, in Satoru Okuda (ed.) Industrial Linkage andDirectInvestmentin APEC, APEC Study Center, Institute ... investmentin terms of the number of projects, the total investment capital andthe registered capital As can be seen inthe Table, the inward FDI in Vietnam was and still is dominated by regional investors...
... andForeignDirectInvestmentin China and India This book offers a comparative and historical analysis of foreigndirectinvestment (FDI) liberalization in China and India and explains how the ... 8.3 8.4 8.5 Ranking China and India’s ForeignDirectInvestment (FDI) Liberalization (of 141 countries) Comparing ForeignDirectInvestment (FDI) in China and India ForeignDirectInvestment (FDI) ... Distribution of ForeignDirectInvestment (FDI) In ows in China (2011) page xiv India and Regional Concentration of ForeignDirectInvestment (FDI) In ows (2011) xv ForeignDirectInvestment (FDI) in Automobiles...
... identifying U.S national interests inthe region andthe potential threats to those interests U.S INTERESTS INTHEMIDDLEEASTThe United States has many vital and enduring interests intheMiddleEast ... One INTRODUCTION Nora Bensahel and Daniel L Byman The security environment intheMiddleEast has become increasingly complicated during the past decade Up to and including the 1991 Gulf War, the ... within the region In addition, the United States has an interest in maintaining stable energy prices and reliable supplies Given the West’s dependence on MiddleEast oil, political instability in...
... identifying U.S national interests inthe region andthe potential threats to those interests U.S INTERESTS INTHEMIDDLEEASTThe United States has many vital and enduring interests intheMiddleEast ... One INTRODUCTION Nora Bensahel and Daniel L Byman The security environment intheMiddleEast has become increasingly complicated during the past decade Up to and including the 1991 Gulf War, the ... within the region In addition, the United States has an interest in maintaining stable energy prices and reliable supplies Given the West’s dependence on MiddleEast oil, political instability in...
... opponents include Prince Nayef bin Abdul Aziz, the minister of the interior, and Prince Sultan bin Abdul Aziz, the minister of defense Tyler, 2003 52 The Future Security Environment intheMiddleEast ... Kazemi and Augustus Richard Norton, “Hardliners and Softliners intheMiddle East: Problems of Governance andthe Prospects for Liberalization in Authoritarian Political Systems,” in H Handelman and ... security In 1991 and 1992, prominent Saudi citizens sent petitions to the king, demanding reform of thepolitical system and strengthening the Is 110 Jill Crystal, “Civil Society inthe Arabian...
... Claiming the Future: Choosing Prosperity intheMiddleEastand North Africa, Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1995; International Monetary Fund, Building on Progress: Reform and Growth intheMiddle ... efficiency wages, and archaic infrastructures are some of the factors inhibiting investmentand therefore growth However, there is an emerging consensus that, intheMiddleEast as 2 3The large ... Security Environment intheMiddleEast multiply the demands on urban administrations In an age of increasingly scarce governmental resources, meeting these demands becomes increasingly difficult...
... ratios, increases in male (and especially female) literacy, the decline in fertility, and reductions in infant and child mortality The only way to explain the combination of falling incomes per ... well managing the treacherous foreignand domestic politics of the Kingdom But maintaining the fragile balance between East Bankers and Palestinians, Islamists and regime supporters, in such an ... mullahs (of mainly poor, provincial origin) and left-wing elements infiltrating the high ranks of the bureaucracy”; and conservatives, with “strong financial and blood ties to the bazaar (who)...
... inthe capital Leader Incentives Analyzing the strategies and tactics leaders use to maintain political control of their militaries provides insight into the internal logic of these regimes They ... Civil-Military Relations intheMiddleEast 145 sidelining the charismatic Abu Ghazala in 1989, Mubarak appointed colorless, and therefore nonthreatening, individuals to top positions inthe military hierarchy ... 132 The Future Security Environment intheMiddleEast Forces and other loyal military units; at the time Rifaat was in charge of the mainline force for regime security Similarly, riots in the...
... shaping conflict inthe Gulf andthe rationale for Western intervention See Lesser, 1991 202 The Future Security Environment intheMiddleEast turmoil intheMiddle East, these considerations ... relations, andthe war in Iraq Energy is a leading factor in Western strategic perceptions regarding theMiddle East, and a factor inthe region’s view of itself It is also a key variable inthe prosperity ... prosperity and stability of regimes and an unavoidable part of the regional security calculus The most pressing policy problems confronting the United States and its allies intheMiddle East, including...
... policy regarding foreign participation in energy production and refining, with the aim of attracting new capital for investmentinthe country’s aging production infrastructure The willingness of ... 1990 and 2003 became increasingly difficult to maintain.30 Inthe Iranian and Libyan cases, and barring new crises in relations with the West, the outlook is almost certainly for a weakening or ... energy security Chapter Seven THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION ANDTHEMIDDLEEAST Jon B Alterman Inthe last two decades, the information and media environment intheMiddleEast has changed dramatically...
... Destruction intheMiddleEast 255 (Egyptian Scuds and Syrian Frog-7s), inthe “war of the cities” between Iran and Iraq, inthe civil war in Yemen, and during the 1991 Gulf War They have been fired, ineffectively, ... unclear The Information Revolution andtheMiddleEast 243 IMPLICATIONS The changes inthe information environment intheMiddleEast have broad implications for regional societies, regimes, andthe ... can influence patterns of proliferation inside the region Taken together, these factors explain the growing prominence of WMD inMiddle Eastern security They also illustrate the issue’s increasing...
... support The Policies of Russia and China Whether Russia and China become more hostile to the United States inthe coming decade and whether their perceived interests intheMiddleEast increase ... action inand around theMiddleEast Finally, the two most prominent influences on the supply and demand side of the proliferation problem are transfers from Russia and China, respectively, andthe ... course of theMiddleEast peace process 298 The Future Security Environment intheMiddleEast These are also the sources of greatest uncertainty for the future Preventing new transfers to the region...
... 28, 2002 Brand, Laurie, “ Inthe Beginning Was the State ’: The Quest for Civil Society in Jordan,” in A R Norton (ed.), Civil Society intheMiddle East, Volume 1, Leiden, Netherlands: E J ... “Hardliners and Softliners intheMiddle East: Problems of Governance andthe Prospects for Liberalization in Authoritarian Political Systems,” in H Handelman and M Tessler (eds.), Democracy and ... Environment intheMiddleEast Susser, Asher, The Palestinians in Jordan: Demographic Majority, Political Minority,” in Ofra Bengio and Gabriel Ben-Dor (eds.), Minorities andthe State inthe Arab...
... thedirect investor andthe enterprise and a significant degree of influence by thedirect investor on the management of thedirectinvestment enterprise Directinvestment involves both the initial ... differences in business customs, laws, languages, and other factors The larger the share of thedirectinvestment enterprise owned by thedirect investor, the greater the control Firms in arms’ length relationships ... some of the main findings of Baldwin and Okubo Section then focuses on understanding the slicing up of the value added chain in Asia It first documents that parts and components within regional...
... of investment projects, (ii) Collecting feedbacks and opinions from theforeign investors; (iii) Helping theforeign investors to solve their difficulties in performance and operation of the ... marketing for theforeigndirectinvestment attraction in Hanoi City, period of 2009-2012, Chapter 3: Recommend the territorial marketing solution to theforeigndirectinvestment attraction in ... best to understand and adapt itself to theforeign investor’s decision-making on selection of investment place 16 In other hand, awareness of significance of the client – theforeign investors is...