... Positional Bargaining: 14 Set your target point solution that would meet all your interests and result in complete success for you Make target point into opening position Set your bottom line or resistance ... all negotiators' interests 15 16 Formalize agreements in writing 2.1.2.1.2 Interest-Based Bargaining Interest-based bargaining involves parties in a collaborative effort to jointly meet each other's ... a Positional Bargaining approach will generally use Interest-based Bargaining only during the final stages of negotiations When Interest-based Bargaining is used throughout negotiations it often...
... related strategies such as negotiation strategies, persuasion strategies, politenessstrategies (PSs), etc has not been clearly defined The researcher, besides having a special personal interest in ... to initiate the M.A thesis namely: Politenessstrategiesemployedinsalarynegotiation by Vietnamese and Anglophone females in multi-cultural workplace in Vietnam” 1.2 Significance of the study ... difference in cultures, mainly between oriental and European cultures, Vietnamese and Anglophone females, despite working in the same environment and possessing certain characteristics in similarity,...
... social goal (e.g, ordering, asking, demanding, begging, etc), convivial (e.g, offering, inviting, greeting, etc), collaborative (e.g, asserting, reporting, announcing, instructing, etc) and conflictive ... affecting politeness 22 CHAPTER 2: POSITIVE POLITENESSSTRATEGIES MANIFESTED IN CONVERSATIONS IN “ WUTHERING HEIGHTS” 2.1Positive politenessstrategies manifested in conversations in “Wuthering ... politeness strategy, in general, positive politeness strategies, in particular, in teaching and learning English Nowadays, all nations in the world have been integrating in the globalizing trend As a...
... e.g offering, inviting, greeting, thanking, congratulating, etc c) Collaborative: The illocutionary goal is indifferent to the social goal, e.g asserting, reporting, announcing, instructing, etc ... Maxim politenessstrategies manifested in conversations in “the quiet American” 18 Being generous is one kind of politeness; however, it should be applied within certain limitation Over applying ... pain given to H’s face politenessstrategies manifested in conversations in “the quiet American” 27 Chapter 2: politenessstrategies manifested in Conversations in “The Quiet American” On investigating...
... thinking patterns, feeling and acting, including the ordinary and menial things in life such as greeting, eating, showing feeling and so on Kramsch (1998) suggests defining culture by contrasting ... studying and understanding politeness of English 3.1 Application of politenessin advising in the teaching speaking skill The politenessin advising can be applied in the teaching speaking skill ... 2.1.2 English findings 2.1.3 Vietnamese findings in comparison and contrast to English 2.2 Politenessin advising 2.2.1 Politenessin advising as a need in English and Vietnamese interaction and...
... appropriate politeness strategy not only in writing form but also in speaking and communicating In this study, we focus on the politenessstrategies that are often used in requests in daily interaction ... hearer The linguistic output strategies include (Brown & Levinson, 1987:129-211) In this kind of politeness, the author finds out in 10 negative politenessstrategies The result is as following: 2.1.3.1 ... Drink your coffee! The trains leaving in a minute Well be late (The time is not long because the train is leaving in a minute so Michael requests Susan to be hurry up and drink her coffee in...
... Tina Trettin Printed in Canada 08 07 06 05 04 Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Geary, Gail, 1943Over-40 job search guide : 10 strategies for making your age an advantage inyour ... Effective Online Searches 131 Answering Ads in the Newspaper vi 118 134 CONTENTS Partnering with Others inYour Job Search 134 Organizing Your Search 138 Choosing Your Strategic Search Methods—Online ... knowing that you did not seriously deplete your retirement savings or put your family in financial peril Earnings As you investigate your career options, take the time to determine the earnings...
... chewing, smoking and/or alcohol drinking Squamous cell carcinoma of upper aero-digestive tract (including oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and lung) is the most common cancer that occurs in Taiwanese ... cisplatin (P) on Day 1, followed by 800 mg/m2 oral tegafur (T) per day and 60 mg oral leucovorin (L) per day for 14 days The CT was administered at outpatient clinics in 14-day cycles In the ... Gy), and to clinical target Page of volume was 45 Gy (range 45-46 Gy) The planning target volume was created by adding 5-7 mm margin from clinical target volume For the group receiving radical...
... Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Murray, Brian H., 1968Defending the brand : aggressive strategies for protecting your brand in the online arena / Brian H Murray p cm Includes index ISBN 0-8144-0754-4 ... online gambling trails the porn industry by a considerable margin, it is still one of the most pervasive, profitable, and technologically advanced industries online Interactive gambling, including ... undermine financial security There are also legal issues swirling around the gambling industry in some countries, including the United States Despite legal hurdles, Internet gambling continues...
... described in terms of the level of their psychological consequences, often performing an act by saying something such as persuading, convincing, scaring, enlightening, inspiring, or otherwise getting ... Austin (1962) is the first to initiate the theory of speech acts In his very influential book, How to Do Things with Words, Austin (1962), observes that in saying something that has a certain ... face by engaging in some formality or restraint to minimize the imposition of a face - threatening act According to Brown and Levinson (1978), politenessstrategies are developed in order to save...
... for students: politeness strategyawareness training, one-time politeness strategy training and long-term politeness strategy training 3.2.1 Politeness strategy-awareness training Politeness strategy-awareness ... up 3.2.3 Long-term politeness strategy training Long-term politeness strategy training, like one-time training, involves making students conscious of the intended politenessstrategies and practice ... focused Since awareness of politeness strategy training is the initial step of the training, it should be interesting and motivating so that students will be willing to expand their knowledge of politeness...
... it may vary in different social contexts 1.2.4 Politeness and indirectness in requests As discussed, indirectness and politenessin speech acts including requests may be different in particular ... and then present the investigation of the politenessstrategiesin requests employed by the characters in the novel The request strategies outlined in Chapter will serve as an instrument for the ... 3.2.1.2 Analysing politenessstrategiesin requests used in “Twilight” Different strategiesin requests were opted by the characters in “Twilight” All of the eight strategies with sub-strategies...
... book “Innovations – Pre-Intermediate” with politenessstrategiesemployed Analyzing conversations and point out the politenessstrategiesin such conversations Categorizing strategies 28 Making ... Brown, P & Levinson, S C.‟s theory of politenessstrategies was originally introduced in 1970s, it still remains the most influential model for describing politenessin human interaction Politeness ... and point out the significant of politenessstrategiesin communication - Classify politenessstrategiesemployedin conversations in listening sections of the book ―Innovations – Pre-Intermediate‖...
... politenessstrategiesin conversations in classical and modern literary works - Comparing politenessstrategiesin conversations in British and American literary works - Studying politenessstrategies ... study of politenessstrategies manifested in requests in conversations in “The Thorn Birds” This chapter finds out how characters in the novel cover politenessstrategiesin requests in their ... that politeness is involved in redressing those face threatening acts (FTA) On the basis of these assumptions, three main strategies for performing speech acts are distinguished: positive politeness, ...
... Studying on the social factors affecting the use of politenessstrategiesin requests - Studying politenessstrategiesin another kind of FTA, for example: complaining, criticizing, etc in the ... of 15 positive politenessstrategies and 10 negative politenessstrategiesemployedin making requests, characters in the movies are more in favor of using negative politenessstrategies with ... differences in employing politenessstrategies effectively For example, the finding of the research shows that English speakers prefer using negative politenessstrategiesin making request than using...
... negative politenessstrategies are highlighted in this section in particular and in the whole research in general I.4 Positive politeness I.4.1 Positive politeness defined According to Brown & Levinson ... you‟ve learnt Interviewer-Interviewee anything from yourexperiencein Ozone? - Matt ,how‟s life? - Really good Interviewer-Interviewee - I think we‟ve come up with some Interviewer-Interviewee ... presented in the following parts of the study II.2.2 Balance of positive, negative and mixed politenessstrategies Positive politenessstrategies Negative politeness Mixed politenessstrategies strategies...
... ordering, greeting, accepting, warning, demanding, advertising, canceling, inviting, withdrawing, declaring, judging, criticizing, describing, and congratulating In the theory of Austin (1962), a ... when in her study aimed at investigating how politenessstrategies manifested in requests in the novel “The Thorn Bird”, the findings indicated thatcharacters of this novel employed positive politeness ... - Identifying and analyzing positive strategiesemployedin the conversations of “Top Notch 2” (the first edition) - Identifying and analyzing negative politenessstrategiesemployedin the conversations...
... no claiming his indebtedness to H, or by disclaiming any indebtedness of H as incurring a problem! debt, or as not indebting H In short, negative politeness involves the S’s and H’s independence ... defines them like this: Locutionary act: performing an act of saying something; Illocutionary act: performing an act in saying something; Perlocutionary act: performing an act by saying something ... 1.4.5 Politenessstrategies of Brown and Levinson There are different ways of expressing politenessstrategies However, linguistics only agrees some general principles for being polite in social interaction...