... transporters (Cl HCO3- exchanger, Na+ - HCO3- cotransporter) Na+ -driven Cl HCO3- exchanger couples an influx of Na+ and HCO3- to an efflux of Cl- and H+ (so that NaHCO3 comes in and HCl goes out) A Na+ -independent ... H+ -lactate co-transporter, (B) H+ Channel, (C) Cl HCO3- exchanger, (D) Na+ -H+ exchanger, (E) Na+ driven Cl HCO3- exchanger (F) Na+ -HCO3- cotransporter 20 regulator in transformed cells NHE isoform ... re-perfusion Increased Na+ that gets accumulated in the cell activates the Na+ /Ca++ exchanger Na+ then leaks out of the cell in exchange for Ca++ ions Increased concentration of Ca++ ions in the myocardium...
... epithelial cells 10 AT1 MCF10AT1 pre-malignant breast epithelial cells Akt Protein kinase B CA1a MCF10CA1a malignant breast epithelial cells CA 1h MCF10CA 1h malignant breast epithelial cells CHP Calcineurin ... Akt phosphorylation in MCF10AT1Kcl.2 series of breast cancer cell lines 11 7 Figure 34: NHE1 protein stability studies in cells in MCF10A1, MCF10AT1, MCF10CA1a and MCF10CA 1h 12 3 Figure ... Thr Threonine xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Na+ /H+ exchanger- 1 (NHE1) 1.1 .1 NHE1 isoforms and NHE1 structure The regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) is a tightly regulated parameter that has...
... during cardiac ischemia Activation of this exchanger is coupled with sodium influx which results in an increase of the intracellular calcium level by the Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger The elevated and accumulation ... maintenance of transformed phenotypes (Reshkin et al., 2000b) Moreover, a recent finding shows that the oncogenic protein nucleophosminanaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) induce an alkaline intracellular ... excitation-contraction coupling in the heart (Petrecca et al., 19 99) It was revealed that NHE -1 accumulates at the intercalated disks in close proximity to the predominant cardiac gap junction protein connexin 43...
... being in fraction 12 As an alternative method of examining NHE1 colocalization with lipid rafts we used immunocytochemical staining of NHE1 in combination with cholera toxin staining of GM1 gangliosides ... another independent method of determining the Na+ /H+ exchanger localization we used immunocytochemistry We found that the Na+ /H+ exchanger colocalized with GM1 as indicated by cholera toxin staining ... role of cysteine residues in the Na+ /H+ exchanger Arch Biochem Biophys 358, 11 6 12 4 10 Moor, A.N & Fliegel, L (19 99) Protein kinase mediated regulation of the Na+ /H+ exchangerin the rat myocardium...
... mediated by an increase of the matrix calcium concentration, with the concomitant release of cytochromec The fact that the mitochondrial swelling induced by MccJ25 was inhibited by antimycin A allowed ... would induce a small increase in the internal calcium concentration, which in turn activates the uniporter of calcium, increasing even more the calcium in ux and ROS production Both the increase ... of intramitochondrial calcium concentration and the opening of MTP trigger mitochondrial swelling, with the concomitant release of the apoptotic inducer cytochromec [24] The sequence of these...
... not induced at least at this stage Release of mitochondrialcytochromec induced by valinomycin Finally, we examined whether cytochromec is released from mitochondria when they are treated with ... of mitochondrialcytochrome c, which is present on the outer surface of the inner membrane, could occur even under the condition in which a PT at the inner mitochondrial membrane was not induced ... Thus, in this study, we examined the release of cytochromec from isolated mitochondria by valinomycin As a result, we found valinomycin to induce a significant release of mitochondrial cytochrome...
... euglenozoan cytochromec could structurally accommodate two cysteines in a typical CXXCH heme-binding motif (Fig 3) So, how might the occurrence of these single cysteine cytochromes c be explained? Considerable ... of the AXXCH heme-binding motif, which is found in place of the first cysteine of a typical c- type cytochrome CXXCH hemebinding motif expected [ 21] ) covalently attached to the protein through its ... that cytochromec biogenesis System II can catalyze single cysteine heme attachment within the four-heme c- type cytochrome NrfH from Wolinella succinogenes which is unrelated to mitochondrial cytochrome...
... abundance of reducing agents which could counteract this) Cytochromec is involved in the activation of caspase-9 [7,46] and is considered a key component of the apoptotic cascade Ordinarily, any cytochrome ... peroxidase-dependent chemiluminescence was detected by using enhanced chemiluminescence Western blotting reagents and hyperfilm according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) Statistical ... rupture but could also have the secondary effect of maintaining any cytochromec released by the mitochondria in the oxidized form (although we should note that the cellular cytoplasm contains an...
... orfB gene RACE AMP GCGGCCACGGATCCGTCGAC 62 C 3’ RACE primer Corf GTCAGGATCCGGTGCTAAAACCTTTTCTC 62 C 3’ Gene-specific primer for 5’ RACE of orfB gene and RT-PCR AAP GGCCACGCGTCGACTAGTACGGGIIGGGIIGGGIIG ... of 1.1 kb specific northern probe Mtg -1 TCGAGAGCTCGGATAATCCGCATCAAGAAG 62.5 C 5’ Gene-specific primer for preparation of 1.1 kb specific northern probe and RT-PCR FP-24 CGCCAGGGTTTTCCCAGTCACGAC ... atp9-3’ CGGCGAGCTCCTATTTGCAAAGAGAGATATC 63 C PCR primer for the atp9 gene probe atpA-5’ ATATCTGCAGCATGGAATTCTCACCCAGAGCTGG 66 C PCR primer for the atpA gene probe atpA-3’ AGCAGGATCCGAAGCGGTGGCTGCTACAA...
... n.s * * 1. 6 * 1. 4 1. 2 0.8 T HPH THPH n.s 1. 8 DIF -3 1. 3 1. 2 1.1 0.9 Tg DIF-3 DIF -1 1.5 1. 4 1. 3 1. 2 1.1 0.9 B 1. 7 1. 6 1. 5 1. 4 1. 3 1. 2 1.1 0.9 DIF -1 Basal 1. 5 1. 4 1. 3 1. 2 1.1 0.9 Relative in ten ... a speci c inhibitor for the calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phophodiesterase, PDE1 [19 ] We thus examined the effects of two [Ca2+ ]c- increasing agents, thapsigargin (an inhibitor of Ca2+-ATPase ... RGM -1 cells were incubated for 14 h with 15 –30 lM DIF -1, the incubation media were discarded, and all the cells were incubated with fresh media in the absence of EtOH or DIF -1 for 12 h The glucose...
... c n thiết nhằm tăng c ờng đáp ứng miễn dịch tôm chống lại mầm bệnh 2.3 .1 Chất kích thích miễn dịch Chất kích thích miễn dịch h p chất h a hc có khả làm tăng h at tính tế bào bạch c u chúng giúp ... chất kích thích tăng c ờng h miễn dịch tôm Đi từ sở th c tiễn đó, đƣ c phân c ng môn C ng Nghệ Sinh Hc trƣờng Đại Hc Nông Lâm Thành Phố H Chí Minh chấp thuận Viện Nghiên C u Nuôi Trồng Thuỷ ... tr ch a hc -1, 3 /1, 6-glucan H nh 2.5 C u tr ch a hc vitamin C 12 H nh 3 .1 Gây nhiễm WSSV cho tôm c ch tiêm 19 Sơ đồ 3 .1 Quy trình tổng quát chẩn đoán IHC 20 H nh 3.2 H nh...
... HO -1, which participates in a-mesospeci c heme decomposition, is not conserved (Leu in GmHO -1) [14 ] Thus, our first concern in examining plant HOs is to determine whether the plant HO lacking the ... rHO -1 in the presence of ascorbate (Table 4) This means that the first reduction of the ferric heme is harder to achieve in the GmHO -1 and SynHO -1 reactions than in the rHO -1 reaction (Scheme 1) , ... (1 lM) NADPH ⁄ FNR ⁄ Fd of GmHO -1 was also compared with that of SynHO -1 under similar conditions, as well as that of rHO -1 in the presence of NADPH ⁄ cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH:cytochrome...
... protein )1) Enzyme activity Isocitrate dehydrogenase (lmolÆmin )1 mg protein )1) Complex I (lmolÆmin )1 mg protein )1) Hexokinase (lmolÆmin )1 mg protein )1) Phosphofructokinase (lmolÆmin )1 mg protein )1) ... this time point, the CytOX activity (mol cytochromec oxidizedÆmin )1 mg SMP )1) was reduced only marginally in PC12 cells but was decreased by 52% in macrophages (Table 1) With the accompanying ... enzyme content the TN of the CytOX complex for cytochromec oxidation essentially remained unaltered in macrophages, while the TN was slightly enhanced in PC12 cells (Table 1) This is in sharp contrast...
... 17 .0 a Cytochrome content in intact cells estimated from the dithionitereduced spectra b Calculated from the decylubiquinol cytochromec reductase assay as described in [ 21] c Concentration in ... respiratory chain defect (Table 1) Fourth, the 15 699 G C mutation changes a positively charged amino acid (Arg 318 ) to a hydrophobic amino acid (proline) in a highly conserved region of the cytochrome ... documented in a patient with cardiomyopathy [10 ], affected the stability of the FEBS Journal 272 (2005) 3583–3592 ª 2005 FEBS Cytochrome content (nmolÆg )1) a Cytochrome b Cytochromec Cytochrome...
... conformational change in the PDP 1c could create such a high-affinity Ca2+-binding site to stabilize the nascent interaction between the protein components Because the highly activating binding of PDP1 ... PDK1 binds to the L1 and L2 domains of E2 (Fig 1) PDK1 is particularly effective in phosphorylating the third phosphorylation site on E1 [30] The PDK2 [11 ] and branched chain dehydrogenase kinase ... Machius, M., Chaung, J.L., Wynn, R.M., Tomchick, D.R & Chuang, D.T (20 01) Structure of rat BCKD kinase: Nucleotideinduced domain communication in a mitochondrial protein kinase Proc Natl Acad Sci USA...