... much younger than the other two men, and yet he was a man ofthe new age While the others had reached the limit of their capacities – and ambitions – with the discovery ofthefirst law, Helmholtz ... bodies moved through the ether without disturbing its state of rest; so also the earth and the sun The question arose whether the speed ofthe earth through the ether – the absolute speed, as ... obtain the familiar energy balance of classical mechanics: The rate of change ofthe kinetic energy m dx1 2 ( dt ) equals the power ofthe force Special relativity – the theory of frames of reference...
... Book of Odds we treat these terms as synonymous Odds are statements of probability So, The odds of ” should be interpreted mathematically as The chances of ,” or The probability of ... physician, the accuracy of tests performed, the development of new treatments, and so on The past is the perch on which we must stand to look toward the future Still, the view can be clouded, and the ... mathematical terms, statements like these put fractions into words When we say, the odds are one in ten,” think of a fraction, with the first, lower number as the numerator, or top number in the...
... or greater effect upon the face ofthe earth; the beating ofthe ocean's waves upon the shore, the sweep ofthe great tides,— these, too, have their transforming power The geologists tell us ... to these diverse fields of thought A study of nervous mechanism and organic structure leads to the philosophical problem ofthe freedom ofthe will; questions as to the evolution of mind and the ... Those ofthefirst part deal with matters of definition, with the essential characteristics of living things, and, at greater length, with the evidences of organic evolution The lectures of the...
... happen in the stomach By inserting foodstuffs into the small intestine he showed that the major part ofthe digestion takes place there, under the influence ofthe secretions ofthe pancreas, the large ... the energy The power, or working ofthe force dG has no place in the Gibbs equation therefore, or it should not have Also, the heating of a body in the Gibbs equation is the integral ofthe heat ... however, the fact that the Gibbs relation is a relation for a body at rest: The heating consists ofthe non-convective part ofthe energy flux and the internal energy is the non-convective part of the...
... ofthe wavy line ofthe proper motion ofthe bright star Sirius Therefore, ironically, thefirst white dwarf entered the literature as the dark companion of Sirius, also called Sirius B Thefirst ... Onsager’s theorem Physicists have a way to quickly become very defensive of Onsager when challenged, probably because ofthe precariousness ofthe proof ofthe theorem, or because they not understand ... because the density ofthe stars is so great that the de Broglie wave lengths ofthe free electrons overlap In the beginning of this book I have given much space to the idiosyncrasies ofthe early...
... put them on a carousel with the axis of rotation coinciding with the axes ofthe cylinders Then the paths ofthe atoms are curved by the Coriolis force so that there is a heat flux through the ... consistent thermodynamic scheme Neither Fourier, nor Navier, or Stokes had made use of thermodynamic arguments, or ofthe Gibbs equation, nor did they need them They proposed their laws on the basis of ... and focus the attention on a small volume element ofthe dimension ofthe mean free path ofthe atoms There is a radial temperature gradient, see Fig 8.4 The atoms at the bottom ofthe element...
... h , the light may kick the electron loose and make it move off with the surplus The higher the frequency, the higher the surplus and the quicker the electron moves On the other hand, if the light ... eigen-frequencies the quanta are so big that the thermal motion ofthe particles ofthe wall ofthe cavity cannot provide them Therefore high frequency oscillators are inactive, i.e they remain at ... account for the transfer of heat from the inner regions of a star to the surface, because the thermal conductivity is much too small On the other hand, the important role of radiation inside the star...
... formulation of strategy B Strategy B The hawks adjust the severity ofthe fighting – and thus the gravity ofthe injury – to the prevailing price If the price ofthe resource is higher than 1, they ... value was, of course, far below the scope ofthe pioneers in the 19th century who set themselves the task of liquefying the gases available to them and then, perhaps, reach the solid phase The easiest ... Law of Thermodynamics is the entropy ofthe atoms in the element dxdc, and S Pdxdc ! k ln d xc xc pl ! l is the total entropy ofthe gas, where is the product over all elements xc dxdc of the...
... – and, of course, by the thermal equation of state p ρ k α T – the numbers N are independent ofthe nature ofthe gases µ Therefore the entropy of mixing is the same, irrespective ofthe gases ... perhaps, of Gibbs is the discovery ofthe chemical potentials ofthe constituents of a mixture The chemical potential of a constituent is representative for the presence of that constituent in the ... unchanged; then the quotient ofthe increase of energy and the increase of mass is the potential of this substance for the mass under consideration Obviously this definition is read off from the fundamental...
... related to the angle of deflection ofthe path of an atom in the collision ranges between and /2 is the cross section for a ( , )-collision and g is the relative speed ofthe colliding atoms The f ... km/h The ergodic hypothesis implies that the two fractions are equal Mathematicians have tried to prove the ergodic hypothesis and their efforts have led to a branch of set theory, the ergodic theory ... base ofthe theory is the Gibbs equation, see Chap In the above form the term –pdV represents the work done on the gas That term must be replaced by PdL for a rubber bar of length L under the...
... mythology: The end ofthe world as the completion of an inevitable evolution – that is the twilight ofthe gods Thus thedoctrineof entropy is the last, irreligious version ofthe myth And the historian ... on the wall ofthe container by the change of momentum ofthe molecules during their incessant bombardment ofthe wall Bernoulli also related the temperature to the square ofthe (mean) speed of ... that … the entropy firmly belongs to the multifarious symbols of decline, and in the growth of entropy toward the heat death he sees the scientific equivalent ofthe twilight ofthe gods of Germanic...
... much younger than the other two men, and yet he was a man ofthe new age While the others had reached the limit of their capacities – and ambitions – with the discovery ofthefirst law, Helmholtz ... bodies moved through the ether without disturbing its state of rest; so also the earth and the sun The question arose whether the speed ofthe earth through the ether – the absolute speed, as ... obtain the familiar energy balance of classical mechanics: The rate of change ofthe kinetic energy m dx1 2 ( dt ) equals the power ofthe force Special relativity – the theory of frames of reference...
... to the square ofthe current In the course of those studies Joule conceived the idea that there might be a relation between the heating ofthe current and the mechanical power needed to turn the ... people of Munich, the transplanting of fully grown trees into the English garden ofthe elector of Bavaria, and a factory for military uniforms staffed by the beggars from the streets of Munich The ... the list of Mayer’s thoughts on mechanics, astronomy, biology, and physiology by dozens of more item Maybe they are not all correct, but they are all original Like the theory ofthe heat of the...
... For the former, 83.3% ofthe teacher often grouped students ofthe same sex while only 20% ofthe students chose it and for the latter, group students of different sexes was the choice of 80% of ... skill for the first- year students is The number ofthe first- year English major students is estimated at more than 300 They come from various parts ofthe country Their levels of English proficiency ... understanding of using group work in the speaking lesson at VUC 1.2 Aims ofthe study The purpose of this study is to explore the reality ofthe use of group work in the speaking lesson of 1st- year...
... agency ofthe Department of Agriculture Thefirst is the threat of fire and fuel This year, forest fires have burned more than three million hectares of land That is almost two times as much as the ... starts to accelerate in the second half of this century, as many scientists expect, the area of warm air will be much larger during the summer than it is now The impact on the jet stream will be ... SATISFACTION Over the years, the development of different theories of management and different approached to organization has affected the way we view motivation In the 19th century, the writer Federick...
... overview ofthe study in which the rationale for the research, the research problem, the purposes, the research questions, the scope ofthe study, the research method, the significance ofthe study, ... was conducted during thefirst semester ofthe students’ first year, there were some problems relating to the consistency ofthe participants After thefirst two weeks ofthefirst semester, a competition ... terms of: (1) The height ofthe bulk ofthe tongue in the mouth (2) The front/back position ofthe tongue in the mouth (3) The degree of lip-rounding (4) The length of vowels (Roach, 1998: 13-14)...
... Background to the study 2.2.1 Introduction ofthe AJC The Academy of Journalism and Communication was established on the 16th January 1962 on the basis ofthe mergence of three institutes: the Nguyen ... faculty - one ofthe largest faculties of this university There are 19 teachers, in which teachers of French, teachers of Chinese and the rest are the teachers of English As for the teachers of English, ... Thefirst year non-major students On average, thefirst year non-major students ofthe AJC are aged between 19 - 24, both male and female However, the majority of them are female because of the...
... Organization ofthe study The study includes three parts: - Part 1, INTRODUCTION, introduces the rationale for the research, the aims ofthe study, the scope, the methods and the organization ofthe study ... number of shortcomings Firstly, the participants ofthe study were just the teachers, not any learners The learners played the role of sub-participants when the researcher did the observations Therefore, ... Structure of test A1 The structure ofthe test showed that there was no direct assessment for the students’ pronunciation There was an argument that the testing of listening included the area of pronunciation...
... nature and the content ofthe listening text itself If one of these is forgotten, the whole process of activity can be failed She especially emphasizes on the importance ofthe nature ofthe listening ... consider the factors which Underwood (1989) mentions: The time, the material is available or not, the interest ofthe class and the teacher, the place in which the work is being carried out, the nature ... listen to a description ofthe rules ofthe second language in thefirst language As a result, when the second language is used, the focus of any listening is on translation of lexical items or grammar...