... adipocyte apoptosis, the expression of PPARc is increased by 80% [10] Furthermore, the activation of PPARc stimulates apoptosis in a variety of cell types, including cancer cells, endothelial cells ... analysis of GW9662 inhibition of adipocyte apoptosis AO ⁄ EB, apoptosis measured by AO ⁄ EB staining; Hoe ⁄ B.F, apoptosis measured by Hoechst 33258 staining Results are means ± SDs of three independent ... 6B–D) Akt-1 Discussion The function of PPARc in adipogenesis is well established [19] However, in many other types of cell, the activation of PPARc is linked to the induction ofapoptosis It has been...
... Brownian rotation ofthe fluorescent nucleotide Fig Binding of Ant-dATP to AC (d) and AC–CaM (m) The degree of binding ofthe ligand was calculated from the value ofthe amplitude ofthe long lifetime, ... activation mechanism Recently, the resolution ofthe 3D structure ofthe AC exotoxin of B anthracis and of its complex with CaM led to the proposal of a different CaM -dependent regulatory mechanism, ... all ofthe residues ofthe catalytic mechanism are present in the neighborhood ofthe catalytic site, but they are not ordered correctly in the exotoxin alone CaM binding folds parts ofthe regulatory...
... result of changes introduced bythe mutations in the environment ofthe prosthetic group As a result ofthe important changes observed for each mutant in the differential spectra elicited by NADP+, ... interaction between the flavin, Y308 and the nicotinamide of NADP+ is precisely tuned by selecting amino acids that face the other side ofthe tyrosine phenol ring The specific volumes ofthe above-mentioned ... phenol as the tyrosine R group This system has been used previously to analyze the geometry ofthe tyrosine stacked on the si-face ofthe flavin in FNRs [12] The single point energies ofthe flavin–tyrosine...
... optimization of inhibitors, a molecular model ofthe methyltetrahydrofolate-binding domain ofthe rat liver MetS was constructed In the absence of a high-resolution structure ofthe methyltetrahydrofolate-binding ... structures of DHPS and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate The model ofthe methyltetrahydrofolate-binding site of MetS with one molecule ofthe substrate included was further optimized using charmm, and the ligand ... 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the model ofthe active site was based on the approach followed by Doukov et al [30] to identify the interactions between the pterin cofactor and MeTr This approach was based on the...
... calculated These allow a comparison ofthe results ofthe national sources with the results from the ECHP, and the trends revealed bythe ECHP between 1994 and 2001 Table 13 gives an overview ofthe ... Survey Use of health care The aim of this section is to analyse the current use of health care services bythe elderly and the determinants of this utilisation Indicators for the use of health ... ERIKA SCHULZ The other tasks of WP2 are to: • • • • • • show the current use of health care services bythe elderly; analyse the determinants ofthe demand for health care services; show the extent...
... Aragon to Portugal Furthermore the conquest ofthe Canaries at the end ofthe fourteenth century and of Teneriffe and other islands in the fifteenth led to the bringing of many of their natives as ... having served out the terms fixed either by their indentures or bythe custom ofthe country Bythe middle ofthe century several had become free landowners, and at least one of them owned a negro ... fell short ofthe ultimate plan by failing to bind the grantees to the performance of their undertaking and by failing to specify the grades and the proportion ofthe sexes among the slaves to...
... identical to that ofthe trial experiment The deuterium content ofthe olefinic fatty acid methyl esters in the cellular lipid extract Ó FEBS 2002 Fig Isotopomers of used to probe the kinetic isotope ... previously indicated that the production of was dependent on expression ofthe FAC2 enzyme The two regiospecifically dideuterated linoleates ([8,8-2H2]-1, [11,11-2H2]-1) required for the KIE study (Fig ... masking ofthe ÔintrinsicÕ KIE by 5026 D W Reed et al (Eur J Biochem 269) Fig Mass spectrum of biosynthetic methyl calendate Arrow indicates the molecular ion cluster used to calculate the isotopic...
... because of overloading ofthe SRP pathway The re-routing of (G-10L)prePhoE to the Sec translocon via the SRP instead ofthe SecB pathway could be explained bythe increased hydrophobicity ofthe ... prePhoE in the case ofthe TF crosslinked complexes These amounts were set to 100%, and the relative cross-linking efficiencies ofthe other prePhoE forms to TF and P48 are shown of SecA The 40-kDa ... that substitution of this residue by a-helix-promoting residues (Ala, Cys or Leu) reduced the pmf dependency ofthe translocation across the inner membrane, but the actual role ofthe helix breaker...
... room temperature to adjust the pore diameter and remove thebarrier layer at the bottom of nanoholes 2.2 Synthesis of SiC nanowires The preparation apparatus for synthesis of SiC nanowires is a conventional ... [23] of SiC, the emission peak for b-SiC nanowires is obviously shifted to the blue The emergence ofthe peak with a blueshift is due to the existence of oxygen defects in the amorphous layer, the ... The SiO2 sheath could be easily removed by etching in hydrofluoric acid (HF) The thickness ofthe SiO2 sheath could be controlled by changing the etching time Fig also shows that the spacing of...
... between the mAhR model and the FixL template is the relative position ofthe helical connector that moves closer to the b sheet, thus reducing the size ofthe binding cavity entrance (Fig 3) The ... one hand, the availability ofthe three structures indicates that the position ofthe helical connector can differ On the other, the closer functional homology between FixL and AhR, the secondary ... central helix, highlighting the importance of this region and the ¯anking loops as the critical regulatory region ofthe PAS domain family [16], with the remainder ofthe PAS fold serving as a...
... included in the spectrum ofthe initial antibiotic choice or that subsequently display resistance to the initial agent by means of induction ofresistance mechanisms, mutation, or selection of a small ... tests performed, and the goals ofthe investigators CAP in children in the United States, the focus of these guidelines, is defined simply as the presence of signs and symptoms of pneumonia in a ... from the organizations represented on the expert panel These guidelines have been endorsed bythe AAP, the American College of Emergency Physicians, the American Society of Microbiology, the American...
... deletion of OXA1 decreased the rate of formation of all aminoglycerophospholipids The rate of PtdSer synthesis decreased to 80%, the rate of PtdEtn formation to 70% and that of PtdCho synthesis ... formation by Psd1p This process includes synthesis of PtdSer in the endoplasmic reticulum bythe PtdSer synthase Pss1p and translocation of PtdSer to the site of Psd1p-catalyzed decarboxylation in the ... translocation ofthe 50 kDa intermediate to the IMM, appears to be directly affected by Oxa1p, the whole process of Psd1p assembly into the IMM occurs more slowly in the mutant than in the wild-type The...
... micrographs, the original contact length was measured to be ∼12.6 μm Theresistance plotted is the total resistance which includes both the contact resistance and the MWCNT resistanceofthe μm section of ... plot of equation (9) to illustrate the effect ofthe parameters rCNT and rc on the predicted resistance as the contact length to a CNT is reduced (a) The variation in the total resistanceof a ... contact resistance per unit length of 1.0 k μm As the length of one ofthe contacts is shortened, the total resistance increases in a characteristic way according to the specified value of rCNT , the...
... separated the family Picornaviridae from the others The amino acid Glycine (G) was nonetheless found to be conserved amongst all ofthe members With the exception ofthe genus Ilfavirus, all members of ... validated the use ofthe RdRp as a taxonomic marker for the classification ofthe order Picornavirales and, to an extent, for the viruses infecting the honeybee The evidence supports the assignment of ... affect the prediction of cause and effect The data presented here provides further foundations for understanding the ecology of these viruses and the interactions they have with their hosts, therefore...
... that by choosing the optimal values ofthe time-gating delay of receivers, the length ofthe middle segment ofthe broken PAT may be greatly longer than the first and the end ones Moreover, the ... solution ofthe time -dependent diffusion equation for the instantaneous point source with the use ofthe FEM method The time-gating delays ofthe receivers were chosen so that the lengths ofthe outer ... reconstructed by FBP The results of their restoration by unpreconditioned MRNSD are given on the right of Figure You can see that there are distortions ofthe inhomogeneity forms in the cases of 10%-...
... Raimondo et al of horse chestnut seedlings either infested bythe leaf miner or protected from the parasite attacks The final aim ofthe present study was to evaluate the risk of mortality in ... indicated bythe relative constancy of root hydraulic resistance (Rroot) A detailed analysis of seasonal changes ofthe hydraulic resistanceof different shoot compartments revealed that the reduction ... to controls We not know the physiological basis for the presence or the absence of borderline effects of mines on the photosynthetic apparatus of still green parts ofthe leaf blade We note,...
... along the edge ofthe disk (work material) with depth of cut of mm The disk was fed down into the corner ofthe cutting edge in the speed of 0.05 mm/rev When the cutting tools finished one pass of ... cutting angle of –5° and clearance angle of 5°, was placed on the three component forces of dynamometer that was held on the table ofthe NC machine Turning was performed bythe corner ofthe cutting ... same in the rate ofthe increase (Tab IV) The TiN/AlN coated tool would be more abrupt in the increase ofthe noise level compared to the others However, the regression coefficients for the parallel...
... to the expression pattern or activity of one ofthe other CesA proteins or other important factors cannot be ruled out However, alteration ofthe cellulose composition ofthe cell wall is not the ... hydrate:glycerol:H2O 8:3:1 and the relative root hair position determined by dividing the trichoblast cell length bythe distance from the basal cell wall ofthe trichoblast to the basal wall ofthe root hair ... [4,5] The formation of double hairs by a proportion of prc1-1 epidermal cells (Fig 2E) indicates that the control ofthe site of hair initiation is affected To test this, the position of hair...
... question about their level of English, about 30.00 % of them said that they were rather good at English 40.50% of them said that they were bad at English Based on the questions in the survey questionnaire, ... Most of students know the meaning ofthe word “people”; however, they not know the meaning of “peoples” There are only 10 students who made correct answers for choosing the meaning of “peoples” The ... kinds of nouns were found In the third step, the percentage of each type of errors was calculated and shown in a bar chart bythe following smaller steps: The total number of questions of each...