... by the EFA The Brazilian dataset showed coefficients of 863 for the Subscale I (and 845 for the International dataset), 804 for the Subscale II (.822 for the International sample) and 671 for the ... item and subscale correlations and internal reliability No missing values were found in any ofthe 44 items in the Brazilian sample Theanalysisofthe pooled international data indicated the ... illustrate the potential combination of classical psychometric theoryand Rasch Analysis in the validation ofthe AAQ instrument in a Brazilian sample of older adults Methods Pilot study The pilot...
... by the EFA The Brazilian dataset showed coefficients of 863 for the Subscale I (and 845 for the International dataset), 804 for the Subscale II (.822 for the International sample) and 671 for the ... item and subscale correlations and internal reliability No missing values were found in any ofthe 44 items in the Brazilian sample Theanalysisofthe pooled international data indicated the ... illustrate the potential combination of classical psychometric theoryand Rasch Analysis in the validation ofthe AAQ instrument in a Brazilian sample of older adults Methods Pilot study The pilot...
... languages) in the long historyofthe discipline 1.4 In the past there have been many treatments ofthehistoryofthe discipline employed as explanations ofthe development of economic theory Indeed, ... between 1790 and 1870 The initial three chapters cover the plan ofthe analysis, a bird’s-eye view ofthe economic historyofthe period, and a marvelous survey ofthe dominant idea-sets of that era ... III, and IV ofthe 1200-page Historyof Economic AnalysisThe first two, which are concerned with (1) the development of economics from the work ofthe philosophers andthe popular discussion and...
... supply-demand mechanism and, 1090; in interest and cycle theory, 1117; attempts to extend marginal utility theory to, 1089 Cartalist theory of, in Plato, 56; defined, 63; in Quesnay, 234; theoretical and ... Credit Money, Quantity Theorem of, see Monetary Theory Money, Value of, analysisof in 17th and 18th centuries, 300; Law on, 321–2; Subject index 1260 theoryof value and, 701–2; in neo-classical ... Discourse of Trade, 195–7; on population, 251; and unemployment, 272; contributions to Keynes, 283n; and free coinage, 298; quantity theoryof money and, 314; metallist theoryof money and, 314...
... projects, one involving the nature of economic theoryand economic science andthe other concentrating on the nature and sources of economic development The first surfaced in the 1908 Das Wesen und ... aside, there still remains enough to constitute, by a wide margin, the most constructive, the most original, the most learned, andthe most brilliant contribution to thehistoryofthe analytical phases ... seriatim the various decades of Schumpeter’s life and work, and if he attempts to explain the man, he does so only by inference The second biography is different Opening Doors: The Life and Work of...
... was, the master-organizer ofthe party -the four fingers andthe thumb of each hand pressed against those ofthe other, discoursing with urbanity and wit on theorems and personalities’ ... became the Cartesian influence; such was the division between the 19thcentury Kantians andthe Hegelians, the division between the Communists andthe Fascists during the 1930s, and such has been the ... longer in the shadow of Keynes, but in the centre ofthe economic scene, both in the theoretical and empirical sense (Heertje, 1987, at p 266) V MY ASSESSMENT OFTHE BOOK 5.1 What is outstanding...
... to the extent that he would first write a little Introduction to Theory which would be for this kind oftheory what the General Theoryof Employment, Interest, and Money was for Keynesian theory ... describe the development andthe fortunes of scientific analysis in the field of economics, from Graeco-Roman times to the present, in the appropriate setting of social and political historyand with ... economic facts and to provide the tools for doing so Since the very possibility of treating thehistoryof economics like thehistoryof any other science is controversial, Part I ofthe book is...
... engage in the task of improving upon the existing stock of facts and methods and who, in theprocessof doing so, acquire a command of both that differentiates them from the ‘layman’ and eventually ... in the light of further experience (a fact that must of course be duly allowed for in the interpretation ofthe economists ofthe past); and (b) that economists’ interests in the problems of their ... expense of other important criteria History of economic analysis Second, our minds are apt to derive new inspiration from the study ofthehistoryof science Some so more than others, but there...
... the level ofthe economic theoryof their time (4) The hostility that proceeded from these sources was frequently strengthened by the hostility to the political alliances which the majority of ... the one that links England’s great economic development from the 1840’s to the end ofthe nineteenth century to the repeal ofthe Corn Laws andof practically every other kind of protection The ... economic theory In Mrs Robinson’s unsurpassably felicitous phrase, economic theory is a box of tools The rationale of this conception of economic theory is very simple andthe same as in all other...
... and descriptive ethics and aesthetics (in the sense of sociology of moral behavior patterns andof art) In the footnote below the kinds of relations that may make developments in these and other ... Second, the legal framework ofthe economic process, andthe shaping influence of either upon the other, are, to say the least, of considerable importance for economic analysis Third, the historical ... brought to bear the habits ofthe legal mind upon theanalysisof economic phenomena For instance, the sociological and economic systems ofthe scholastic doctors ofthe sixteenth century (the literature...
... the main reason why I think it important to distinguish this historyof economics—economic analysis from either a historyof Systems of Political Economy or a historyofHistoryof economic analysis ... example ofthe influence of ideologies upon analysis For this ideology of bureaucracies is an important factor in the unscientific habit of economists of using a clearly ideological theoryofthe ... scientific performance ofthe late Lord Keynes will agree to the statement that his General Theoryof Employment, Interest, and Money (1936) was the outstanding success ofthe 1930’s and that it dominated...
... society and belong to the province of economic history rather than to the province ofthehistoryof economics and Economic Analysis which is the result of scientific endeavor in our sense Thehistory ... harvest of result are likely to be lost in theprocess There is thus plenty of justification, just as there is for the resentments ofthe revolutionary, for the propensity of a certain type of mind ... consideration.2 There was the stock of factual knowledge andthe conceptual apparatus that had slowly grown, during the centuries, in the studies of philosophers And, semiindependent of this, there was...
... from the standpoint of his ideal ofthe good and virtuous life, and that the economic facts and relations between economic facts which he considered and evaluated appear in the light ofthe ideological ... thought, ofthe community’s evaluation of every commodity3—but only in the sense that they were the super-individual result ofthe product ofthe farmer compares with the product ofthe shoemaker.’ ... to the end ofthe nineteenth century and even beyond It is the basis ofthe bulk of all analytic work in the field of money Therefore, we have every motive to make sure of our interpretation of...
... to the epoch of St Thomas Aquinas (1225– 74), whose Summa Theologica2 is in thehistoryof thought what the south-western spire ofthe Cathedral of Chartres is in thehistoryof architecture The ... Roman andthe canon law and so there was a natural avenue by which the concepts, the spirit, and even, perhaps, some mannerisms ofthe Roman jurists entered the field of economic analysis Among these ... owe to them definitions—for example, of price, money, of purchase and sale, ofthe various kinds of loans (mutuum and commodatum), ofthe two types of deposits (regulare and irregulare), and so...
... to the importance ofthe financial complement of capitalist production and trade, the development ofthe law andthe practice of negotiable paper andof ‘created’ deposits afford perhaps the ... creations of our own mind, the problem of what it was that turned the one into the other vanishes completely.4 The society ofthe feudal ages con-tained all the germs ofthe society ofthe capitalist ... views of social processes, the conflict between which runs through the whole historyof sociological and economic analysisand is indeed the essential fact behind all the other clashes of opinion...
... that the source ofHistoryof economic analysis 88 the (moral) ‘right to the produce of one’s labor’ may be found in the scholastic literature, and, on the other hand, to the error that the scholastic ... scholastic philosophy and, among other things, accepted St Anselm’s proof ofthe existence of God—rejected by St Thomas—as the basis of his own theoryofthe cogito There is plenty of room for doubt ... the most of this opportunity Aristotle became for them the philosopher, the universal teacher, and most of their work took the form of expounding him to students and to the public at large, and...
... listed all the price-determining factors,24 though they failed to integrate them into a full-fledged theoryof demand and supply But the elements for such a theory were all there andthe technical ... property ofthe goods themselves or identical with any of their inherent qualities, but was the reflex ofthe uses the individuals under observation proposed to make of these goods andofthe importance ... whom and on whom, for what purposes, and to what extent And below their normative propositions there was some sociological analysisofthe nature of taxation andofthe relation between state and...
... 1921 The only study I can commend for correct appraisal ofthe work done under the auspices ofthe natural-law idea (though ofthe work ofthe successors ofthe scholastics rather than ofthe ... sufficient to prove that they held the second and not the first view concerning the social cosmos or the natural law All the differences in the results ofthe application ofthe ‘light of reason’—amply ... partly because they were not able to understand the finely spun logic ofthe scholastics and therefore set it down as mere sophistry, and partly because, most of them being enemies ofthe Catholic...
... the work presents many original elements, and some of them, such as thetheoryofthe role of language and other symbolisms (Langue de calculs, 1798), point far into the future, in spite ofthe ... fully The idea of this science itself, however, andthe program of deriving from it thebasic propositions ofthe individual social sciences are the idea andthe program ofthe philosophers of natural ... just now The work of his youth—strikingly illustrative both ofthe truth of Ostwald’s thesis that original creation is the privilege of men under thirty andofthe other truth that part of this...
... that the utilitarian system developed from the system ofthe philosophers which, though evident, can be proved in detail from thehistoryof ethics, on the one hand, and from thehistoryofthe ... characteristic ofthe possibilities and limitations ofthe psychologistic approach Light of Nature Pursued (1768–77, republ 1805) The scholastic doctors andthe philosophers 125 to convert their theoryof ... concerning the Conduct and Character, first of their Neighbours, and afterwards of themselves To which is added, A Dissertation on the Origin of Languages This is the title ofthe 6th ed., 1790 The...