... bottom-line profit per dollar of sales h Return on assets is a measure of bottom-line profit per dollar of total assets i Return on equity is a measure of bottom-line profit per dollar of equity ... measure of the short-term liquidity of the firm, after removing the effects of inventory, generally the least liquid of the firm’s current assets b Cash ratio represents the ability of the firm ... go dark because of the costs of compliance The costs to comply with Sarbox can be several million dollars, which can be a large percentage of a small firms profits A major cost of going dark is...
... not the study of various uses and applications ofcircuits Rather our major concern is the analysis of the circuits By the analysis of a circuit, we mean a study of the behavior of the circuit: ... Response of a Series RLC Circuit 314 8.6 Step Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit 319 8.7 General Second-Order Circuits 322 8.8 Second-Order Op Amp Circuits 327 8.9 PSpice Analysis of RLC Circuits ... experiments at age 18 His invention of the battery in 1796 revolutionized the use of electricity The publication of his work in 1800 marked the beginning ofelectric circuit theory Volta received...
... and thermal conductivity of steel tubes Temperature of steam flowing through the tubes Thermal conductivity of insulation and emissivity of aluminum sheath Temperature of ambient air and surroundings ... Inner and outer radii of a tube wall which is heated electrically at its outer surface Inner and outer wall temperatures Temperature of fluid adjoining outer wall FIND: Effect of wall thermal conductivity, ... diameter of stainless steel tube Inner and outer fluid temperatures and convection coefficients FIND: (a) Heat gain per unit length of tube, (b) Effect of adding a 10 mm thick layer of insulation...
... guesses (2) Note that the rate of heat transfer by convection to the top surface of the rod must balance the rate of heat transfer by conduction to the sides and bottom of the rod NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR: ... the sleeve PROBLEM 4.34 KNOWN: Dimensions of chip array Conductivity of substrate Convection conditions Contact resistance Expression for resistance of spreader plate Maximum chip temperature ... COMMENTS: The value of ∆x will be determined by the selection of n; that is, ∆x = L/n Note that the grouping, hP/kAc , appears in the finite-difference and differential forms of the energy balance...
... as a function of time over the range ≤ t ≤ 500 s using an integration time step of s Selected portions of the IHT codes for each of the models are shown in the Comments The results of the analysis ... approaches that of the coolant, there is a significant lag in the thermal response of the back surface The different responses are attributable to the small value of α and the large value of Bi PROBLEM ... within the 150 s duration of the applied surface heat flux Our assumption of treating the +x boundary of the node 16 control volume as adiabatic is justified A copper plate of 600-mm thickness is...
... emissivity of Nichrome wire Electrical current Temperature of air flow and surroundings Velocity of air flow (a) Surface and centerline temperatures of the wire, (b) Effect of flow velocity and electric ... The small values of q and ro and the large value of k render the wire approximately isothermal Aluminum transmission line with a diameter of 20 mm having an electrical resistance of -4 R ′ = 2.636×10 ... and thermal conductivity of steel pipe Temperature of water flow in pipe Temperature and velocity of air in cross flow over pipe Cost of producing hot water (a) Cost of daily heat loss from an...
... thermal conductivity of steel pipe Temperature and velocity of water flow in pipe Temperature and velocity of air in cross flow over pipe Cost of producing hot water FIND: Daily cost of heat loss per ... Inlet temperature, pressure and flow rate of air Tube diameter and length Pressure of saturated steam FIND: Outlet temperature and pressure of air Mass rate of steam condensation SCHEMATIC: ASSUMPTIONS: ... the initial estimate of 325 K is reasonable and iteration is not necessary (2) For a steam flow rate of 0.01 kg/s, approximately 10% of the outflow would be in the form of saturated liquid, (3)...
... room, per unit length of the tube; effect on quality, x, at outlet of 30 m length of tube; (b) Effect of radiation on heat transfer and quality of outlet flow; (c) Effect of emissivity and insulation ... PROBLEM 9.57 KNOWN: Length and diameter of tube submerged in paraffin of prescribed dimensions Properties of paraffin Inlet temperature, flow rate and properties of water in the tube FIND: (a) Water ... and outer surface temperature of steam pipe Diameter, thermal conductivity, and emissivity of insulation Temperature of ambient air and surroundings FIND: Effect of insulation thickness and emissivity...
... extended period of time; surface area of m and design value for the overall heat transfer coefficient of Ud = 38 W/m ⋅K FIND: Fouling factor, if any, based upon the test results of engine oil flowing ... maximum outlet temperature of 400 K as UA → ∞ and ε → COMMENTS: Note that, for conditions of part (a), Eq 11.33 yields a value of ε = 0.538, which reveals the level of approximation associated ... Saturation temperature and condensation rate of refrigerant Frontal area of condenser and dependence of overall coefficient on inlet velocity Operational range of the air inlet temperature FIND: (a)...
... conductivities of a ceramic/metal composite Emissivity of ceramic surface Temperatures of vacuum chamber wall and substrate lower surface Receiving area of radiation detector, distance of detector ... history of the workpiece from the start of heating to the end of cooling; identify key features of the process; determine the total time requirement; and justify the lumped-capacitance method of analysis ... Table 12.1 (c) After a long period of time, the surface will be at the temperature of the enclosure This condition of thermal equilibrium is described by Kirchoff’s law, for which ε = α = 0.375...
... and temperature of gas flow over the tube Temperature of surroundings FIND: (a) Rate of heat transfer to tube without ash deposit, (b) Rate of heat transfer with an ash deposit of diameter Dd ... resistance of a section of low density particle board 75 mm thick (L1 + L2 + L3) of area W is 9615 K/W, which exceeds the total resistance of the composite by approximately 70% Accordingly, use of the ... application of the coating (4) In all cases, solutions were obtained using the temperaturedependent properties of air provided by the software The property values listed in the PROPERTIES section of this...
... delighted to welcome two new co-authors for the seventh editionofFundamentalsof Engineering Thermodynamics Dr Daisie D Boettner, PE, professor of mechanical engineering at the United States Military ... system, the state often can be specified by providing the values of a subset of the properties All other properties can be determined in terms of these few When any of the properties of a system change, ... independent of the particular way the change of state occurred That is, the change is independent of the details of the process Conversely, if the value of a quantity is independent of the process...
... lay-out of the cabins, etc These details are, of course, irrelevant to the objectives of that model Other models of the ship will serve other aims: blue prints of the electrical wiring, lay-out of ... per unit of volume or area 35 Selection of Model Type Table 2.2 Identification of models ii Measurements Type of model Organization Biodemographic Conservation of genetic Life cycles of species ... behaviour of protons and neutrons has given inspiration to models of their composition of smaller particles, the so-called quarks These models have been used to make predictions of the results of planned...
... Properties and Handling of Particulate Solids 945 Characterization of Solid Particles Properties of Masses of Particles 945 951 Storage and Conveying of Solids Mixing of Solids 955 Mixers for ... Scale Properties of Liquid Water Properties of Saturated Steam and Water Viscosities of Gases Viscosities of Liquids Thermal Conductivities of Metals Thermal Conductivities of Various Solids ... Compressors / Comparison of Devices for Moving Fluids Measurement of Flowing Fluids 219 Full-Bore Meters / Insertion Meters Symbols Problems References SECTION III 10 Agitation and Mixing of Liquids 238...