emerging and developing economies ratio of external debt to gdp
Taxation and Public Finance in Transition and Developing Economies docx
... popularity of government with the population, to name only a few Future research needs to address the relevance of these and other factors to the thesis of this study References Allingham, M.G and A Sandmo ... Congress (and of course, many of the regulations of these agencies are expensive to comply with and constitute a kind of de facto tax) What is far worse, but to be expected, given the logic of such ... Taxation and Public Finance in Transition and Developing Economies Taxation and Public Finance in Transition and Developing Economies Edited by Robert W McGee Editor Robert W McGee...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Energetic and metabolic transient response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to benzoic acid docx
... concentration were followed in terms of extracellular metabolite concentrations, dissolved O2 and CO2 concentrations, off-gas O2 and CO2 concentrations, biomass concentration (CX) and cell morphology Thereafter, ... ratio gives the ratio between the two axes of the object The aspect ratio of a circle is similar to the aspect ratio of a square = biomass production rate is calculated to be $ 65% of the initial ... of carbon and the degree of reduction during the transient, using Eqns (14,15) and the experimental data of the biomass concentrations, OUR and CER are found to deviate respectively by 5–11 and...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Eigenvalue Problem and Unbounded Connected Branch of Positive Solutions to a Class of Singular Elastic Beam Equations" docx
... respect to u Recently, the global structure of positive solutions of nonlinear boundary value problems has also been investigated see 26–28 and references therein Ma and An 26 and Ma and Xu 27 ... where Ω1 and later ∂Ω1 denote the closure and boundary of Ω1 and Ω1 ∩ an , bn × {θ} with respect to an , bn × P If L ∩ ∂Ω1 / ∅, then Cu and L ∩ ∂Ω1 are two disjoint closed subsets of L ∩ Ω1 ... positive solutions of BVP 1.1 for any λ > by using the following Lemma 1.1 Efforts to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions of BVPs by the lower and upper solution...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Packet-Scheduling Algorithm by the Ratio of Transmit Power to the Transmission Bits in 3GPP LTE Downlink" pptx
... the MT and PF consider the instantaneous channel condition and throughput as key factors of scheduling metric However, new factors should be considered to enhance the system performance One of them ... required to be transmitted, and most UEs have poor channel conditions In this case, if scheduling metric of a packet scheduling algorithm considers the ratio of the transmit power to the number of ... with limited transmit power, it is the most efficient to allocate PRBs to the UEs that requires the least ratio of the transmit power to the number of transmission bits Thus, in the proposed MP scheduling...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Linear and non-linear functions of volume index to estimate woody biomass in high density young poplar stands" docx
... base, and d is the diameter at the top of the truncated cone Assuming (d) of about cated cone constant top stem diameter mm, the volume of the trun- a exceeds that of a cone of similar height and ... cm and at mid-height, and at 20-cm intervals on a subsample of four trees to examine taper Total plant height (H) was measured to the nearest 0.5 cm with an aluminium levelling rod At the end of ... applied In Afsnee, tonnes of manure were applied during the first year (1987) and two additional (total) fertilizer applications were given in May and July 1988 In Orsay, 100 kg·ha of total fertilizer...
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In vivo and in vitro studies of th17 response to specific immunotherapy in house dust mite induced allergic rhinitis patients
... mRNA (C), and between changes of VAS versus changes of plasma IL17 protein (D) were also illustrated DVAS referred to the ratio of (VASSIT22VASSIT+)/VASSIT2, and DIL17 referred to the ratio (in ... allergy history were selected as a control group The non-atopic status of healthy controls was double confirmed by a negative SPT to all common inhalant allergens and a negative result of Phadiatop ... Sequences of the primer and Tamara probe for IL17, RORC, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are shown in the Materials and Methods S1 2.6 Cytokine Assays Concentrations of IL6,...
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Tài liệu Global Development Finance - External Debt of Developing Countries doc
... External debt stocks to GNI (%) Debt service to exports (%) Short-term to external debt stocks (%) Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) Reserves to external debt stocks (%) Reserves to imports ... 6,001 Ratio of total external debt to exports of goods and services (%) 148 34 154 260 86 180 90 157 113 56 54 70 49 71 63 230 Ratio of present value of debt to exports of goods and services (%) Ratio ... External debt stocks to exports (%) External debt stocks to GNI (%) Debt service to exports (%) Short-term to external debt stocks (%) Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System and the International...
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Fusing indigenous knowledge and global best practices leads a way to global competitiveness in emerging economies source of china s conspicuous strength in solar and wind industry
... Technology stock of solar cell firms by terms of patents, and Tg: Technology stock of global solar MNC firms by terms of patents Gross technology stock can be expressed in terms of Ti and assimilated ... type clusters to differ from emerging economic type clusters Thus this topic of knowledge spillover and assimilation needs further detailed investigation specific to emerging nations and cannot ... technology assimilation and exploitation of externalities such as technology spillover and transferred technology to help absorb and reformulate into indigenized products and evolve domestic value...
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Are Innovating Firms Victims or Perpetrators? Tax Evasion, Bribe Payments, and the Role of External Finance in Developing Countries
... number of days innovators spend in inspections and mandatory meetings with officials of different government agencies in the context of regulation of their business We find that innovators that ... compared to 19% of foreign firms and 22.7% of domestic firms are Retaliators compared to 20.5% of foreign firms When we look at exporting status in panel K, we find a larger proportion of Perpetrators ... Indicators, which in our sample of countries ranges from (Ireland) to 18 (Uganda) with a median value of 10.7 We classify countries into high and low regulation depending on whether the number of...
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Global Development Finance External Debt of Developing Countries
... Indicators, 2006–2008 (US$ millions) Country Total external debt 2008 Present value of debt 2008 Ratio of total external debt to exports of GS (%) Ratio of present value of debt to exports of GS ... Table Key Indebtedness Indicators, 2006–2008 (continued) (US$ millions) Country Total external debt 2008 Present value of debt 2008 Ratio of total external debt to exports of GS (%) Ratio of present ... Table Key Indebtedness Indicators, 2006–2008 (continued) (US$ millions) Country Total external debt 2008 Present value of debt 2008 Ratio of total external debt to exports of GS (%) Ratio of present...
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DEVELOPING, USING AND ANALYZING THE RESULTS OF INTERVIEWS TO DETERMINE THE FEELINGS OF FOREIGN TOURISTS ON THEIR VISIT TO VIET NAM
... not much tourist, so we could interview one to two travelers Most of them seemed too closed, to be friendly and warmhearted, and welcome us They told us everything they did in Vietnam and they ... where have many tourist drinking beer there, very famous street with tourist We ordered a bottle of orange juice, drank and wait for a chance to access tourists And we got it Most of tourists here ... return to Hanoi for a second visit? Background a Chart of Nationality This pie chart shows us the Nationality of the tourist coming to Vietnam at this time, and divided into three occupations: tourists...
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Characterization of the Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio and Fatty Acid Structure of Zostera japonica in Coastal Areas
... characteristics of carbon stable isotope and fatty acid structure of Z japonica Furthermore, we compared the characteristics of carbon stable isotope and fatty acid structure of Z japonica with those of the ... acids, and the ratio of each fatty acid RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Characteristics of carbon stable isotope in Z japonica The mean δ13C of Z japonica was -12.4 ± 1.6‰ in the leaves and stems, and -11.6 ... Fig.2 Comparison of δ Z in Z japonica Fig - Comparison of δ13C in 13C japonica and Z marina and Z marina LS: leaves and stems LS: leaves and stems RR: roots and rhizomes RR: roots and rhizomes is...
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Tài liệu The and Social EffEconomic ects of Financial Liberalization: A Primer for Developing Countries pdf
... freedom to acquire financial firms for domestic and foreign players and extends to permissions provided to foreign institutional investors, pension funds and hedge funds to invest in equity and debt ... form of debt and subsequently in the form of debt and portfolio investments, led to two consequences First, the notion of external vulnerability which underlay the interventionist strategies of ... freedom to invest, including in sensitive sectors such as real estate and stock markets, ability to increase exposure to particular sectors and individual clients and increased regulatory forbearance...
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Developing a sytem of abbreviation and symbols for note taking in interpreting
... say and trying to work out what they mean?" (P.144) Listening helps the interpreter absorb the meanings of words and sentences and leads to the understanding of facts and ideas It is one of the ... "the oral transfer of message between speakers of different languages is thus one of the oldest of human activities, and the role of interpreter is arguably one of the oldest of professions" In this ... abbreviations and symbols more effectively and frequently to take notes faster Aims and objective of the study Recognized the importance of using abbrs and symbols for note-taking and problems of students...
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developing, using and analyzing the results of interviews to determine the feelings of foreign tourists on their visit to viet nam
... quarter is leisure, tourist and industrial centre; a thousand shops have been opened to serve tourism, satisfy tourist’s demand and they easily combine sightseeing and shopping Western tourists are ... where have many tourist drinking beer there, very famous street with tourist We ordered a bottle of orange juice, drank and wait for a chance to access tourists And we got it Most of tourists here ... in total And the number of tourist choose Vietnam for cheap and strange have the same pecentage: 8% In brief, most of the tourist says that Vietnam is very beautiful and famous with many landscapes,...
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Đề tài " Integrality of a ratio of Petersson norms and level-lowering congruences " pot
... Annals of Mathematics, 163 (2006), 901–967 Integrality of a ratio of Petersson norms and level-lowering congruences By Kartik Prasanna To Bidisha and Ananya Abstract We prove integrality of the ratio ... integral which factors into a product of local factors By results of Jacquet ([20]), at almost all primes, the relevant local factor is equal to the Euler factor Lq (s, f ⊗ θχ ) associated to the Rankin-Selberg ... direct proof of the integrality of f , θχ /Ω under certain conditions and he is able to deduce from it the anticyclotomic main conjecture for CM fields in many cases To apply the results of Ch to the...
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Guidance for Planning and Conducting an Audit of Internal Controls of Public Debt docx
... extensive use of ratios to measure the government’s budget’s capacity to service the debt, such as Debt- to- GDP, Debt- to- Central Bank-Reserves, Debt- to- Export Revenues, and the Interest Paymentsto-Export ... computers and using the software with real debt data? iii Are the debt program and debt data secured and checked out only to authorized individuals by a custodian? iv Does the custodian of the debt ... of March 1989, these arrangements are supported by loans from official creditors Debt Sustainability A debt position of a country when the net present value of debt to exports ratio and the debt- service...
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Bonds or Loans? On the Choice of International Debt Instrument by Emerging Market Borrowers pdf
... higher rates of GDP growth, less volatile exports, and a lower ratios of foreign debt to GDP are more likely to issue bonds All these variables are signals of economic stability and sustainable ... probability of success of the risky project, π, is higher; — the efficiency of monitoring, P , is higher and the cost of monitoring, C, is lower; — the cost of default, D, and the cost of loan cancellation, ... us to observe the choices of the aggregated borrowers, and to estimate the effect of group–level determinants of the choice of debt instrument.35 No foreign debt International bond Foreign debt...
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Bureau of the Public Debt’s Fiscal Years 2010 and 2009 Schedules of Federal Debt pot
... of the Bureau of the Public Debt, the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury, the Acting Director of the Of ce of Management and Budget, and other agency of cials In addition, this ... Federal Debt Managed by the Bureau of the Public Debt Gross Federal Debt Outstanding1 Federal debt managed by the Bureau of the Public Debt (BPD) comprises debt held by the public and debt held ... GAO-11-52 Schedules of Federal Debt Overview, Schedules, and Notes Notes to the Schedules of Federal Debt Notes to the Schedules of Federal Debt Managed by the Bureau of the Public Debt For the Fiscal...
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