... 111 PARK-LIKE TRANSFORMATION FOR NON-SINUSOIDAL BDCM Although an appropriate nonlinear coordinate transformation for motors with sinusoidal emf has been found (the so-called Park transformation), ... advantages as the Park transformation A Mathematical Model of the BDCM We suppose that the motor has the following typical features : - The airgap length is constant and large since the magnets are ... self-inductance and the mutualinductance of the stator coils Since we assume a constant airgap and no saturation, L, and M, are constant ara arb , and arc the rotor fluxes induced in the stator phases are...
... Ypr/ are obtained by taking the integral of both sides of Fig Actual and ideal (dashed-line) stator flux linkage trajectories, representation of two-phase voltage space vectors, and placement of ... change may vary with sampling time, dc- link voltage, hysteresis bandwidth, motor parameters especially the phase inductance, motor speed, snubber circuit, and the amount of load torque If a BLDC ... Proper A change in the torque can be achieved by keeping the amplitude of the stator flux linkage constant and increasing the rotational speedof the stator flux linkage as fast as possible This allows...
... frame are not constant, therefore current wave shapes require very fast controllers in particular at high speed Classical bandwidth of the controller (such as proportional– integral) does not allow ... region ids was controlled as zero and in the flux-weakening region it was decreased fora certain amount depending on the operational speed to achieve maximum torque.The switching table for controlling ... three-phase conduction DTC ofa BLDC motor drive when * is changed from A to -1 A under 0.5 N.m load torque, (a) d-axis r ids stator current, (b) stator flux locus Table Parameters of BLDC motor...
... line-to-line Clarke transformation from the balanced three-phase quantities is derived and, then the line-to-line Park transformation forming a × matrix instead ofa × matrix for three-phase systems can ... line-to-line back EMF waveforms eba (θr e ) and eca (θr e ) are obtained of ine and converted to the ba–ca frame back EMF constants kba (θr e ) and kca (θr e ) The line-to-line Park transformation matrix ... [17] I J Ha and C I Kang, “Explicit characterization of all feedback linearizing controllers fora general type ofbrushlessdc motor, ” IEEE Trans Autom Control, vol 39, no 3, pp 673–677, Mar 1994...
... influence of the unexcited openphase back-EMF causes each straight side of the ideal hexagonal shape of the stator flux linkage locus to be curved and the actual stator flux linkage trajectory ... similar to the DTC ofa PMSM drive Unlike BLDC motor, in PMSM since both – and –axis motor backEMFs are in sinusoidal shape, constant stator flux linkage amplitude is obtained However, for BLDC motor, ... to eliminate the low-frequency torque oscillations caused by the non-ideal trapezoidal shape of the actual back-EMF waveform of the BLDC motor, a pre-stored back-EMF versus electrical rotor position...
... 2004 [8] J Vadillo, J M Echeverria, A Galarza and L Fontan, “Modelling and Simulation of Space Vector Modulation Techniques for Matrix Converters: Analysis of different Switching Strategies” Proceedings ... casadei - G.gandi – G.serra – A. Tani, “Space vector controlof matrix converters with unity input power factor and sinusoidal input/ouput waveforms” 1993 European Power Electronics Association [4] ... A Alesina, M Venturini, “Analysis and Designof OptimumAmplitude Nine-Switch Direct AC-AC Converters”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol 4, no 1, pp.101-112, January 1989 [3] D casadei...
... Σ ANN v*c(n) ref (n+1) a1 a2 Figure 3.1 Block diagram for the ANN based Adaptive Controller Artificial neural network based adaptive controllerforDC motors 24 Chapter ANN based Adaptive Controller ... of Artificial neural network based adaptive controllerforDC motors 28 Chapter ANN based Adaptive Controller weights and biases of the ANN, an adaptive learning rate is introduced in our ANN controller ... the information gathered Most adaptive controllers can be divided into two main classes: feedforward adaptive controllers and feedback adaptive controllers Artificial neural network based adaptive...
... nature of these grammar rules and their use of the lexicon, they may be viewed as a high-level variant ofa lexical functional grammar The efficacy ofa low-level functional grammar for text generation ... demonstrated that not only does naturally generated text disclose the lexicon and grammar ofa sublanguage, but it also reveals the essential semantic classes and attributes ofa domain of discourse, ... examples ofcontrol elements that are used for syntactic tailoring A syntactic form parameter may be preset at any value between and 11 by the system user A value of 8, for example, would result in an...
... should be the same as in a case where synchronisation had occurred in a dedicated synchronisation phase The air interface employed for payload data is the same as for AF and DF, that is, 48 symbols, ... channel estimation though), and therefore we can calculate the BER also based on this data When we calculate the duty cycle we assume that these symbols were actually carrying payload data The results ... all the available power can be used for this purpose, while payload data would be transmitted on multiple subcarriers using only a fraction of the total available power used fora given subcarrier...
... Chiyokura and Kimura (1984) As a result, boundary interpolating patch has several drawbacks for modification a large number of small surfaces that are bonded together to create a larger surface 2.2 ... the GA has been used as a major tool to search for optimal boundary curves and to fit a surface A preliminary hull surface is assumed to be a gene type The encoded design variables for surface ... the stations into a surface model and take advantage of the capabilities of hull surface modeling, compare it to the target offsets, and refine it as necessary until a satisfactory match is achieved...
... medical and healthcare industry [6, 11], there are also applications that not only require hard real- time performance, but also low energy consumption as well For example, an implantable pacemaker ... compromising the performance Hard real- time applications have strict deadline requirements and any deadline misses may lead to total system failures For example, a nuclear control and monitoring system ... literature that considers task mapping, task ordering and voltage scaling at the same time Leung et al [40] formulate the whole problem of task mapping, task ordering and voltage scaling as a mixed...
... the surface actually decreases in a skid ABS was developed to prevent the occurrence of skidding situations The brakes of an ABS are applied in a manner that keeps the traction force at the most ... primary brakes of this system are a conventional setup of master and slave cylinders with a brake pedal that is actuated by the driver’s foot The conventional brakes are hooked up to the primary ... calculating the controllability matrix, C., it can be shown that the system states, in this case rear wheel speeds, are controllable According to control theory [4], the number of states that are controllable...
... can be seen that fora high nominal current density, a high fraction of the current is generated at the catalyst layer near the air inlet area, leading to under-utilization of the catalyst at ... performance and designof air-breathing PEM fuel cells Litster and Djilali [1] developed a single-phase one-dimensional semi-analytical model of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of planar air-breathing ... However, these fuel cell designs have generally relied on traditional planar MEA architecture Because the majority of PEM fuel cell designs are based on planar plate and frame architecture, their...
... The material parameters, cell design, and cell operating conditions that give optimal performance depend on the application area Stationary, portable, and transportation applications all have ... model has been performed and discussed in detail The study quantifies and analyses the impact of operating, design, and material parameters on fuel cell performance and get an optimal designfor ... power at various operating conditions is compared at constant nominal current density The performance characteristics of the fuel cell based on a certain parameter can be obtained by varying that...
... distribution patterns of activation overpotentials are similar, with higher values at the catalyst layer near the air inlet area It can be seen that the activation overpotential profile correlates with ... performance and designof air-breathing PEM fuel cells Litster and Djilali [1] developed a single-phase one-dimensional semi-analytical model of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of planar air-breathing ... However, these fuel cell designs have generally relied on traditional planar MEA architecture Because the majority of PEM fuel cell designs are based on planar plate and frame architecture, their...
... Driver USB Host Data Packet IN Token Data Packet Data Buffer ACK Data Packet IN Token Data Packet ACK 36 18 Control Read ? Call USBRead( EP0 ) to read a Setup Packet USBRead( –Read from EP0 OUT ... DATA SET OUT T/O NAK STALL Idle Handshake ACK ACK DATA0/ DATA0/ DATA1 DATA1 NAK DATA0 T/O STALL T/O ACK Idle Host Function There are Four Types of USB Transactions ? Isochronous (Audio, telephony ... –First packet in any transaction –Specifies function address, endpoint –Specifies data direction ? Data - DATA0, DATA1 –0 - 1023 bytes ? Handshake - ACK, NAK, STALL –Report status of data transaction...
... realisations offuzzy controllers are described: a table -based controller, an input-output mapping and a Takagi-Sugeno type controllerA short section summarises the main design choices in a simple ... which translate into unrealistically small magnitudes of the gain factors in order to guarantee stability Another possibility is to approximate the fuzzycontroller with a linear controller, and ... Disturbance F Fuzzy compensator Deviation + + Sum C Controller u Figure 2: Feedforward controlController parameters Fuzzy gain schedule Ref Controller Process Figure 3: Fuzzy parameter adaptive control...
... to ground, neutral to live and neutral to ground Neutral to ground has the advantage of safety, but also the disadvantage of the fact that neutral is usually grounded at the transformer, so no ... important to understand the channel well, as it is a harsh environment for signals to propagate in In a medium that carries any amount of noise, it is possible to transmit data reliably (that is, ... basic limitation that noise causes in a communication channel is not on the reliability of communication, but on the speedof communication.” The channel capacity of an additive white Gaussian...