... haematoxylin and eosin showed an increase in the number of cell layers of the synovial lining ofRApatients (Figure 1) Ecadherin staining was found in the healthy synovium, especially in the lining ... presence of p53 mutations inRAsynovium [8,9,34] A myofibroblast marker, α-sma, was found in the lining of half of the RA patients, indicating that, in these RA patients, synovial cells have a myofibroblastic ... contrast, in synovial tissue from four out of eight patients with RA, α-sma expression was also found in the lining layer, suggesting that the lining of the synoviuminRA patient contains myofibroblasts...
... presence of TCR expanding in response to stimulation of PBMCs with huCollp261–273 As shown in Figure 2, the total number of T cells expanding was no different among control individuals andRApatients ... between patientsand control individuals (Figure 2b; P = 0.004) Patients with RA exhibit a ratio between the numbers of shared rearrangements to that of total rearrangements expanding of 0.5 or ... Materials and methods section (b) Average plus SD of the ratio between shared and total TCR- chains specific for huCollp263–271 in PBMCs ofpatients with early RAand control DR4+ individuals Individual...
... hyaluronan-binding region fragments We also know that aggrecan plays a protective role in preventing degradation of collagen fibrils [28] With increasing loss of proteoglycan, there is increasing degradation ... Identification of several populations of large and small proteoglycans andof hyaluronic acid-binding proteins in successive cartilage extracts Biochem J 1991, 273:579-585 Collins D: The Pathology of Articular ... Asparaginyl and Glutaminyl Residues in Peptides and Proteins London, ON, Canada: The Althouse Press; 2004 Brennan TV, Clarke S: Spontaneous degradation of polypeptides at aspartyl and asparaginyl...
... for conditioned medium of cells and tissues PB or joint specimens from RAand OA patients were obtained during joint surgery or from an outpatient clinic FLSs ofRAand OA patients were prepared ... Receiver Operating Characteristic; SF/PB ratio: ratio of concentration of synovial fluid miRNA to plasma miRNA; SJC: swollen joint count; TJC: tender joint count; TA: thymine adenine Competing interests ... ofRAand OA A, FLSs ofRA (n = 4) and OA (n = 5) were cultured in serum-free medium for 48 h Concentrations of miRNAs in each conditioned medium are shown B, Synovial tissues ofRA (n = 3) and...
... expression of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine at baseline in the SF of the PsA patients is consistent with previous findings in the SF [31,32] andin the ST [5-7,11,33] of these patients IL-6 ... etanercept inRApatients [41] In PsA, localized CCL2 production was correlated to the T cell infiltration of PsA synovium [42] In accordance with previous reports, our findings in the SF of PsA patients ... B: Synovial tissue and serum biomarkers of disease activity therapeutic response and radiographic progression Analysis of a proof -of- concept randomized clinical trial of cytokine blockade Ann Rheum...
... groups were combined for purposes of statistical analysis Results Biomarker concentrations in the setting of acute knee injury To gain an understanding of the effect of joint injury on joint tissue ... Page of concentrations of aggrecan, COMP and MMP-3 are also elevated in the uninjured contralateral knee of ACL rupture patients [17], possibly as a consequence of altered loading A canine ACL ... images obtained prior to the baseline assessments, and included, in addition to evidence of ACL tear in all patients, other knee joint tissue damage including bone contusions, medial collateral ligament...
... including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-1α [21] Furthermore, intra-articular injection of either N-terminal or central CBD fragments into rabbit joints triggers loss of ... starting material in the remaining eight RA samples, with little or no staining for ~200+-kDa species in the FT fractions (Fig 2, bottom) The average intensity of staining of the ~170-kDa band in ... in the N-terminal heparin-binding domain, followed by iodinated secondary antibodies With the exception ofRA SF samples 16 and 19, for which staining was restricted mainly to an ~200+-kDa band,...
... values for RANK-L/β-actin, OPG/β-actin, RANK/β-actin, and TRAF6/ β-actin OPG, osteoprotegerin; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B; RANK-L, ligand of receptor activator of nuclear ... we demonstrate that the expression of genes of the RANK/RANK-L pathway could be induced by certain stimuli in neutrophils in vitro The effect of SFs from patients with RAand from patients with ... tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate for HRP Concentrations of RANK-L and OPG were obtained from a standard curve generated by known concentrations of human RANK-L and OPG The detection limits were 15 and...
... to induce the type of inflammation seen in mtDNA-injected mouse joints It is also worth emphasizing that the process of inflammation inRA joints is dynamic, with the infiltration of new inflammatory ... between laboratory features of the patients with RAand occurrence of mtDNA and oxidized DNA The laboratory findings for the patients with RA used in this study are shown in Tables and There was ... in inflammatory loci, thus creating a vicious circle of inflammation and cell destruction and an increased release of endogenous, proinflammatory DNA In the particular case of arthritis, therapies...
... normal joints (Collins grade 0–1) and from degenerative joints (Collins grade 2–4 and Mankin grade and above) [28] In contrast to the situation in normal cartilage matrix, the majority of the OP-1 ... beta in SF ofRApatients [29] Furthermore, we believe that elevated levels of OP-1 protein inRA SF may be due to the release of OP-1 residing in the extracellular matrix rather than to an increase ... the SF concentrations of this growth factor in OA patientsandRApatientsPatientsand methods Subjects Synovial fluid was aspirated within 24 hours of death from the knee joints of 14 asymptomatic...
... of infection inpatients with RA The reasons for the predominance of S aureus in SA and the mechanisms of pathogenecity are not yet fully understood The synoviumofpatients with RA is rich in ... normal volunteers and synovial fibroblasts from de-identified RApatientsand OA patients were maintained in DMEM/F-12 containing 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 μg of streptomycin All the fibroblast ... μg/ml) and neomycin (50 μg/ml); and U930 was grown in the presence of tetracycline (5 μg/ml), 50 μg/ml kanamycin, and 50 μg/ml neomycin/ml for selection of the respective mutants Strains grown in...
... Analysis of RANKL and OPG protein in SFs The concentrations of RANKL and OPG protein in SFs were assessed using commercially available ELISA kits for RANKL and OPG in accordance with the protocols of ... Lerner UH: Inhibition of hormone and cytokine stimulated osteoclastogensis and bone resorption by interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 is associated with increased OPG and decreased RANKL and RANK J ... release in mouse calvariae by RANKL (in the absence of OPG) is ng/ml, and inhibition by OPG (in the absence of RANKL) is observed at and above 30 ng/ml [34] Thus, the concentration of RANKL in undiluted...
... mRNA and protein were found in DCs, generated in vitro from monocytes ofRApatients [43], implying that high levels of CCL18 in SF originate from macrophages as well as DCs The contribution of ... levels of CCL21 were detected [45] In contrast with the transcriptional program of terminal granulocytic differentiation [46], chemokines in SF PMN from patients with RA were not upregulated in parallel ... staining; Dade Behring, Düdingen, Switzerland) showing to 3% eosinophils in each preparation of blood PMN Selected cell culture experiments were performed with PMN preparations depleted of eosinophils...
... fied in three out of seven (43%) RApatientsandin three of six (50%) OA patients Accordingly, the presence of bacterial DNA within the SF samples was significantly higher in ReA and UA patients ... 10:R40 Wilkinson NZ, Kingsley GH, Jones HW, Sieper J, Braun J, Ward ME: The detection of DNA from a range of bacterial species in the joints ofpatients with a variety of arthritides using a nested, ... in human samples could also be demonstrated in ST samples [15] Similarly, in SF samples such bacterial DNA was detected including Aminobacter aminovorans, B niacini, Diaphorobacter species, and...
... the brain of a murine model of the syndrome [18,19] Interestingly, picolinate is reportedly able to prevent the neurotoxic effects of quinolinate in the rat central nervous system, suggesting ... pancreatic juice and intestine: inadequate for role in zinc absorption Am J Clin Nutr 35, 1–9 Evans GW & Johnson PE (1980) Characterization and quantitation of a zinc binding ligand in human milk ... isoforms Human brain, liver and kidney total RNA (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) was reverse transcribed in the presence of random primers, by using the First Strand cDNA Synthesis...
... (A) Y6 in brain (B) Actin in brain (C) Y6 in peripheral tissues (D) Actin in peripheral tissues The negative control sample included water instead of cDNA The brain regions are named in accordance ... receptors Y6 and Y7 in chicken Fig Saturation binding to chicken Y7 Saturation binding and Scatchard analysis (inset) of 125I-peptide yy (pPYY) binding to cloned chicken Y7 expressed in Chinese hamster ... coding region The coding part of the Y6 gene is contained within one exon and encodes a protein of 374 amino acids displaying the characteristics of other NPY family receptors (Fig 1), including...
... several factors The synthesis of PLP requires the joint action of PDXK and PNPO, and the PLP availability is dependent on the degree of protein binding of the synthesized coenzyme and transport of ... examined for the presence of CpG islands using the CpG plot program from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) The human PNPO gene contains CpG islands with a CGobs/CGexp ratio in excess of ... transcription factors binding sites in the promoter regions, an analysis of the 5¢-upstream sequence of the PNPO gene was performed in silico by using the MATINSPECTOR PROFESSIONAL program in...
... production of Fibronectin, Tenascin, Collagen I and alphasmooth muscle actin [35-37] In vitro studies have demonstrated that GM-CSF increases migration and proliferation of endothelial cells suggesting ... Recombinant GM-CSF Accelerate Migration of Fibroblasts deriving from Location C Full lines indicate initial wound area; dotted lines demarcate migrating front of cells GM – CSF treatment of fibroblasts ... basis of impaired healing Various growth factors play a role in coordinating cellular processes involved in wound healing Platelet Derived Growth Factor-BB (PDGF-BB) accelerates healing in part...
... possible alteration of sHLA-I and/ or sHLA-II levels as a reflection of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) Clinical and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disease activity in MS is associated ... but not of serum sHLA-I, and an increase in CSF sHLA-I, but not CSF sHLA-II concentrations, inpatients with MS [12,13] However, an elevation of CSF sHLA II and I as well as an increase in serum ... and after (Gd-DTPA) infusion Axial T2-weighted and pre- and post-contrast T1weighted images were used for assessment of MS plaques The images were independently interpreted using inspection and...
... of HSV-2 in vaginally-infected mice was prevented by intra-vaginal application of purified TLR ligands [12,13] Similarly, intravenous injection of ligands for TLR3, -4, -5, -7, and -9 inhibit ... effect of timing of TLR-ligand exposure on inhibition of HCMV infection production was next investigated using the concentration of each TLR-ligand that most effectively inhibited infection in the ... shedding was found at a higher rate in women with BV than in women with normal flora Infection with T vaginalis, gonorrhea, and BV were independently associated with intrauterine transmission of...