Đề bài tập 2021 04 24

ĐỀ ÔN THI 24.04.2021 – COMPILED BY HAU TRAN A PHONETICS I Circle the option A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions A insatiable B intangible C intolerable D inbuilt A gin B hugely C college D gigantic A Christ B Christian C Chris D Christine A scenario B Scandinavian C muscle D evanescent A ordinary B short C original D morning II Circle the option A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose primary stress differs from that of the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions A presidency B vaccination C scientific D politician A experimental B antiapartheid C pasteurization D immunology A disability B representative C preparatory D confidential A categorized B characterize C socialize D memorialize 10 A consequences B entertainment C concentrating D contemplating B VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE I Choose the best answer to fill in each blank I'm sure there's a definite of envy in her nasty comments about you A factor B ingredient C component D element In the her whole life changed A interval B space C spell D duration The thieves took when they heard a police car approaching A retreat B flight C escape D getaway Afterwards, when I on the events of that day, I could hardly believe what had happened A contemplated B reviewed C reflected D weighed There was a huge of applause when the star of the show appeared A bout B stint C round D spate As he accepted the award, his voice with emotion A quivered B flinched C cringed D winced Rose has always had a interest in matters to with the environment A fierce B sharp C grave D keen By the of it, the economy will improve over the next few months A face B impression C evidence D look Tim and Alan have never got on well and there is a lot of feeling between them A cross B adverse C ill d vile 10 Peter has now arrived late for work three days in a A line B sequence C series D row 11 The company was declared bankrupt when it had more debts than it could hope to repay A inflicted B incurred C entailed D evolved 12 Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from A disruption B abolition C demolition D dismantling 13 If the rain doesn't soon, we shall have to look for a taxi A set about B let up C slow down D go off 14 I must run I'd rather for time at the moment A squeezed B squashed C cramped D pressed 15 The last thing I want now is to catch a cold A most B very C utterly D extremely 16 I don't like turning down work, but I'll have to, I'm afraid I've got far too much at the moment A up my sleeve B on my plate C on my mind D in effect 17 This film is really sad I think A I cry B I'll cry C I’m crying D I'm going to cry 18 The viewers were up in when the television station announced that it was going to change the time of the evening news broadcast from o'clock to 9.30 A legs B hands C arms D eyes 19 The boss wants you to these instructions carefully A carry on B carry over C carry out D carry off 20 There were loud from the audience when the competitor announced that the main group were unable to perform because of illness A outcry B wolf whistles C catcalls D hoots II Think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences  Sven was the star teachers in the school revue with his impersonations of all the  It’ll be my to cook a meal for us both next weekend  Don’t drive too fast as you approach the next because there’s a sharp embankment  The maze was made out of neatly trimmed hedges  I couldn’t get the tickets because the office was closed  In the past some teachers used to naughty boys on the ears  When he’s not working, George’s main is music, particularly jazz  Politics is of no to Suzanne and she knows nothing about it  We had to pay a very high rate of on the loan from the bank  He uses a for his hair even though he is almost bald  After my with the police, I always carry my papers with me  The fire spread through he at a frightening speed  Terry’s in the of applying for a new job with a pharmaceutical company  Scientists are developing a new that will allow minerals to be extracted from waste  You must check the temperature at each stage in the cheese-making III Fill in the blank with one preposition The writing is on the wall for the brilliant but bullying boss Driving ambition and a high IQ might give you a head start in the race for the top, but a lack of ‘emotional intelligence’ will be a hindrance (1) achieving medium to long-term success Senior managers have long been convinced (2) the value of interpersonal skills in the workplace The concept that emotional intelligence can account (3) the difference (4) outstanding and average performance, however, is comparatively new But what exactly is emotional intelligence? One psychologist defined it (5) the ability to regulate your behaviour so that there is a balance (6) personal feelings, emotions and drives, and the feelings and needs of others It is about being able to resolve the conflict that may arise (7) high motivation and consciousness and integrity People with low emotional intelligence not get promoted because others object (8) working with them In the workplace, there is a great need (9) sensitivity in relationships, and people in managerial jobs should focus more (10) understanding people’s feelings (11) change and their fears (12) redundancy An organization which attaches importance (13) the emotions of the employees is more likely to be an effective organization If a manager regularly compliments his staff (14) their work, and sympathies (15) them when they have problems, the profits of the company will increase (16) a greater rate And people will enjoy working with each other Getting in touch with your own feelings has benefits which extend (17) the workplace If you are only working with your brain, you will not see the emotional cost to yourself Making a move that is beneficial (18) your career but means traveling all the time could result (19) the destruction of your relationship with your partner and children Without emotional intelligence, (20) the medium to long-term, you will have a less balanced personal life and make a lot of enemies 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 IV Give the correct form of the words in brackets Part 1: Perhaps the most vivid illustration of our gift for recognition is the magic of caricature the fact that the sparest cartoon of a familiar face, even a single line dashed off in two seconds, can be identified by our brains in an instant It's often said that a good caricature looks more like a person than the person himself As it happens, this notion, (1 INTUITION) though it may sound, is actually supported by research In the field of vision science, there's even a term for this seeming paradox - the caricature effect - a phrase that hints at how our brains (2 PERCEPTION) faces as much as perceive them Human faces are all built pretty much the same: two eyes above a nose that's above a mouth, the features (3 VARIETY) from person to person generally by mere millimeters So what our brains look for, according to vision scientists, are the (4 LIE) features - those (5 CHARACTER) that deviate most from the ideal face we carry around in our heads, the running average of every visage we've ever seen We code each new face we encounter not in absolute terms but in the several ways it differs (6 MARK) from the mean In other words, to beat what vision scientists call the (7 HOMOGENEOUS) problem, we (8 ACCENT) what's most important for recognition and largely ignore what isn't Our perception fixates on the (9 TURN) nose, rendering it more porcine, the sunken eyes or the (10 FLESH) cheeks, making them loom larger To better identify and remember people, we turn them into caricatures 10 Part 2: The (1 CONCEIVE) of “rhetoric”, or effective public speaking, dates back thousands of years The underlying (2 ASSUME) behind rhetoric is that how you present an argument can greatly influence whether people are persuaded by you or not There is (3 DOUBT) plenty of evidence to support this idea – it’s practically (4 THINK) , for example, for a successful politician to be a poor communicator – but it is just a question of style winning over substance? Certainly, it is often said of politicians that they talk complete (5 SENSE) but what they say with such (6 CONVINCE) that we tend to believe them, at least when they’re in opposition On the other hand, (7 WISE) and knowledge are of little value if you can not communicate them effectively to your peers or to the next generation It is the combination of clear (8 REASON) , sound (9 JUDGE) and effective presentation and communication skills that define true rhetoric A true rhetorician should always come across as knowledgeable, and never as (10 OPINION) or ignorant 10 C READING I Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions The Creators of Grammar No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex By changing word sequences and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs and suffixes, we are able to communicate tiny variations in meaning We can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey subtle differences in meaning Nor is this complexity inherent to the English language All languages, even those of so-called 'primitive' tribes have clever grammatical components The Cherokee pronoun system, for example, can distinguish between 'you and I', 'several other people and I' and 'you, another person and I' In English, all these meanings are summed up in the one, crude pronoun 'we' Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is So the question which has baffled many linguists is - who created grammar? At first, it would appear that this question is impossible to answer To find out how grammar is created, someone needs to be present at the time of a language's creation, documenting its emergence Many historical linguists are able to trace modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to answer the question of how complex languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started from scratch Amazingly, however, this is possible Some of the most recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade At that time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer's rule Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a makeshift language called a pidgin Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowner They have little in the way of grammar, and in many cases it is difficult for a listener to deduce when an event happened, and who did what to whom [A] Speakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood [B] Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue [C] Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered by their elders, they adapted their words to create a new, expressive language [D] Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are invented by children Further evidence of this can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf Sign languages are not simply a series of gestures; they utilize the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages Moreover, there are many different languages used worldwide The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in Nicaragua Previously, all deaf people were isolated from each other, but in 1979 a new government introduced schools for the deaf Although children were taught speech and lip reading in the classroom, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures that they used at home It was basically a pidgin Each child used the signs differently, and there was no consistent grammar However, children who joined the school later, when this inventive sign system was already around, developed a quite different sign language Although it was based on the signs of the older children, the younger children's language was more fluid and compact, and it utilized a large range of grammatical devices to clarify meaning What is more, all the children used the signs in the same way A new creole was born Some linguists believe that many of the world's most established languages were creoles at first The English past tense – ed ending may have evolved from the verb 'do' 'It ended' may once have been 'It end-did' Therefore it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children Children appear to have innate grammatical machinery in their brains, which springs to life when they are first trying to make sense of the world around them Their minds can serve to create logical, complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy In paragraph 1, why does the writer include information about the Cherokee language? A To show how simple, traditional cultures can have complicated grammar structures B To show how English grammar differs from Cherokee grammar C To prove that complex grammar structures were invented by the Cherokees D To demonstrate how difficult it is to learn the Cherokee language What can be inferred about the slaves' pidgin language? A It contained complex grammar B It was based on many different languages C It was difficult to understand, even among slaves D It was created by the land-owners All the following sentences about Nicaraguan sign language are true EXCEPT: A The language has been created since 1979 B The language is based on speech and lip reading C The language incorporates signs which children used at home D The language was perfected by younger children In paragraph 3, where can the following sentence be placed? It included standardized word orders and grammatical markers that existed in neither the pidgin language, nor the language of the colonizers A B C D 'From scratch' in paragraph is closest in meaning to: A from the very beginning B in simple cultures C by copying something else D by using written information 'Make-shift' in paragraph is closest in meaning to: A complicated and expressive B simple and temporary C extensive and diverse D private and personal Which sentence is closest in meaning to the highlighted sentence? Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is A All languages, whether they are spoken by a few people or a lot of people, contain grammar B Some languages include a lot of grammar, whereas other languages contain a little C Languages which contain a lot of grammar are more common that languages that contain a little D The grammar of all languages is the same, no matter where the languages evolved All of the following are features of the new Nicaraguan sign language EXCEPT: A All children used the same gestures to show meaning B The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language C The hand movements were smoother and smaller D New gestures were created for everyday objects and activities Which idea is presented in the final paragraph? A English was probably once a creole B The English past tense system is inaccurate C Linguists have proven that English was created by children D Children say English past tenses differently from adults 10 Look at the word 'consistent' in paragraph This word could best be replaced by which of the following? A natural B predictable C imaginable D uniform II Choose the best answer to fill in each blank THE VACUUM CLEANER Until about 250 years ago, households did not take dirt as (1) _ as they now it was a fact of life, and that was that Cleaning often consisted of an annual (2) _ called 'spring cleaning' when the furniture was moved aside, and all the linen products in the house were cleaned Carpets and rugs were taken outside, on ropes and had the dust (3) _ out of them - an exhausting and messy process The industrial revolution brought about a major change - as new (4) _ became available to make homes cleaner, a corresponding interest in '(5) _ hygiene' appeared in households This in turn led to the (6) _ of further products, one of which was the vacuum cleaner (7) _ has it that when one of the first vacuum cleaners was demonstrated, a kindly scientist took the proud inventor (8) _, and offered a bit of advice that was to become (9) _ to the future evolution of the product - 'make it suck, not blow' The first vacuum cleaners appeared in the 1860s in the United States They were operated by hand pumps and were almost as (10) _ as spring cleaning It was only when electric motors had become sufficiently (11) _ to become portable that vacuum cleaners became common household items Most of today's major (12) _ - including Electrolux and Hoover - were born in the 1920s The household (13) _ that vacuum cleaners suck up is mostly dead skin cells humans (14) _ millions of cells every day A much smaller proportion comes from dust and soil carried into the house from (15) _ A importantly B crucially C considerately D seriously A ritual B result C resolution D scrub A cleaned B taken C beaten D sucked A products A house A fabrication A Story A away A standard 10 A laborious 11 A scientific 12 A brands 13 A grit 14 A lose 15 A external B concepts B domestic B appearing B Epic B aside B crucial B hard B forward B marks B rubbish B outgrow B outside C ideals C homely C recreation C Legend C aback C regular C nefarious C technological C makes C refuse C omit C beyond D developments D internal D development D Tale D along D esteemed D straining D advanced D trademarks D dirt D shed D indoors III Fill in each of the blanks with one suitable word THE HISTORY OF THE CINEMA In Britain, the cinema was, without doubt, the most important form of public commercial entertainment of the twentieth century Until its popularity was eclipsed in the 1950s by television, cinema (1) a period of some fifty years during (2) its appeal far exceeded that of sport or indeed any other commercial leisure activity The popularity of the cinema at that time is (3) difficult to explain: it was accessible, glamorous and cheap At its (4) , between 1920 and 1950, a very small sum of money (5) guarantee a good seat in the cinema In the 1920s, the usual venue was a small, neighborhood hall The (6) was drawn from the local area, and could (7) some occasions be rather noisy By the end of the 1930s, (8) the venue was more (9) to be in one of the larger cinemas known as “picture palaces”, which were springing up everywhere in city centres to accommodate audiences of over two thousand people (10) these establishments, the audiences were expected to be well behaved; the (11) were organized just (12) military operations, (13) uniformed staff on hand to control the queues and usherettes to direct seating arrangements These large cinemas attracted (14) very mixed audience, although older people were less likely to be cinema-goers than adolescents As might be expected, people in rural areas were less immersed in the cinema than were people in towns, simply (15) of the greater provision of cinemas in urban areas 10 11 12 13 14 15 IV Read the passage and choose the correct heading for paragraph A – H from the list of the heading i-xi below THE EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION A _ Every year it is estimated that roughly 5.2 million hectares (52,000 km2 of the forest is lost worldwide That is a net figure, meaning it represents the area of the forest not replaced T put this size in context, that is an area of land the size of Croatia lost every single year There is a wide range of negative effects from deforestation that range from the smallest biological processes right up to the health of our planet as a whole On a human level, millions of lives are affected every year by flooding and landslides that often result from deforestation B _ There are million people living in areas deemed at risk of flooding in England and Wales Global warming, in part, worsened by deforestation, is responsible for higher rainfalls in Britain in recent decades Although it can be argued that demand for cheap housing has meant more houses are being built in at-risk areas, the extent of the flooding is increasing The presence of forests and trees along streams and rivers acts like a net The trees catch and store water, but also hold the soil together, preventing erosion By removing the trees, the land is more easily eroded increasing the risk of landslides and also, after precipitation, less water is intercepted when trees are absent and so more enters rivers, increasing the risk of flooding C _ It is well documented that forests are essential to the atmospheric balance of our planet, and therefore our own wellbeing too Scientists agree unequivocally that global warming is a real and serious threat to our planet Deforestation releases 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions One-third of the carbon dioxide emissions created by human activity comes from deforestation around the globe D _ In his book Collapse, about the disappearance of various ancient civilisations, writer Jared Diamond theorises about the decline of the natives of Easter Island European missionaries first arrived on the island in 1722 Research suggested that the island, whose population was in the region of two to three thousand at the time, had once been much higher at fifteen thousand people This small native population survived on the island despite there being no trees at all Archaeological digs uncovered evidence of trees once flourishing on the island The uncontrolled deforestation not only led to the eradication of all such natural resources from the island but also greatly impacted the number of people the island could sustain This underlines the importance of forest management, not only for useful building materials but also for food as well E _ Forestry management is important to make sure that stocks are not depleted and that whatever is cut down is replaced Without sustainable development of forests, the levels of deforestation are only going to worsen as the global population continues to rise, creating a higher demand for the products of forests Just as important though is consumer awareness Simple changes in consumer activity can make a huge difference These changes in behaviour include, but are not limited to, recycling all recyclable material; buying recycled products and looking for the FSC sustainably sourced forest products logo on any wood or paper products F _ Japan is often used as a model of exemplary forest management During the Edo period between 1603 and 1868 drastic action was taken to reverse the country’s serious exploitative deforestation problem Whilst the solution was quite complex, one key aspect of its success was the encouragement of cooperation between villagers This process of collaboration and reeducation of the population saved Japan’s forests According to the World Bank, 68.5% of Japanese land area is covered by forest, making it one of the best performing economically developed nations in this regard G _ There is, of course, a negative impact of Japan’s forest management There is still a high demand for wood products in the country, and the majority of these resources are simply imported from other, poorer nations Indonesia is a prime example of a country that has lost large swaths of its forest cover due to foreign demand from countries like Japan This is in addition to other issues such as poor domestic forest management, weaker laws and local corruption Located around the Equator, Indonesia has an ideal climate for the rainforest Sadly much of this natural resource is lost every year Forest cover is now down to less than 51% from 65.4% in 1990 This alone is proof that more needs to be done globally to manage forests H _ China is leading the way in recent years for replenishing their forests The Chinese government began the Three-North Shelter Forest Program in 1978, with aims to complete the planting of a green wall, measuring 2,800 miles in length by its completion in 2050 Of course, this program is in many ways forced by nature itself; the expansion of the Gobi Desert threatened to destroy thousands of square miles of grassland annually through desertification This is a process often exacerbated by deforestation in the first place, and so represents an attempt to buck the trend Forested land in China rose from 17% to 22% from 1990 to 2015 making China one of the few developing nations to reverse the negative trend List of Headings i Atmospheric impacts ii Ideal forestry management example iii No trees, less people iv Good uses for wood v Looking after the forests vi Numbers of lost trees vii Wasted water viii Replanting forests ix Happy trees x Flood risks xi Poorer nations at higher risk V There are 10 mistakes in the following passage Find and correct them Most of the joggers who are overweigh are reasonable for talking about, worrying about, and obsess with their weight Since many people start jogging to gain weight It is not surprising that body size is important More and more people are on a diet, 50% of the women and close with 25% of the men in the US are watching what they eat Body weight is the second most talking among joggers-heart disease and high bleeding pressure are the first There are many factors that effect your weight They include: body type, diet, exercise level, sex and age What may be an ideal weight for you in the age of 27 may not be ideal while you’re 54 And your ideal weight will probably different during racing reason when you were in a specific training phase Mistake Correction Mistake Correction 10 D WRITING Question 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence before it Nobody expected her to lose, but she did → Against The brochure gives hardly any useful information → Precious _ I have frequently made a mistake like that → Many’s Trudy was quite relieved when she found out the truth → It was _ If nothing unfortunate happens, I will see you next week → All _ It is possible the looming crisis won’t ever actually materialize → It is not beyond _ It doesn’t matter what happens, we’ll still go somewhere nice for your birthday → Come _ The boys clearly intended to make trouble when they entered the hotel → The boys were Both the doctors I consulted were confident of curing me → I consulted _ 10 Watch the new secretary carefully this week to make sure she doesn't make any big mistakes → Keep Question 2: Rewrite the sentences using the given forms so that they retain their original meaning Dan definitely won’t be able to afford a holiday this year (POSSIBILITY) → There _to afford a holiday this year Once I made sure there was no reason to be afraid, I went ahead (FEAR) → Having satisfied _, I went ahead The manager praised Larry Lam (SINGLED) → Larry Lam _ praise by the manager He denied the accusation unconvincingly, which made me think he was guilty (LED) → His believe that he was guilty There came a time when I completely ran out of patience (STAGE) → I _more patience left It is likely that she will get very angry when she finds out (LIABLE) → She fit when she finds out Being inexperienced was a disadvantage to her when she applied for promotion (COUNTED) → Her when she applied for promotion John has hinted that he doesn't wish to remain in the group any longer (HINT) → John has _ wishes to remain in the group I realized that I was in a terrible position and I wasn't to blame for it (FAULT) → Through _ myself in a terrible position 10 Diane finds that creating things stops her from thinking about her job (MIND) → Diane finds that being her work 10 The growing number of overweight people is putting a strain on the health care system in an effort to deal with the health issues involved Some people think that the best way to deal with this problem is to introduce more physical education lessons in the school curriculum To what extent you agree or disagree? Write at least 250 words to explain your point of view 11 ... research In the field of vision science, there's even a term for this seeming paradox - the caricature effect - a phrase that hints at how our brains (2 PERCEPTION) faces as much as perceive... outside, on ropes and had the dust (3) _ out of them - an exhausting and messy process The industrial revolution brought about a major change - as new (4) _ became available to make homes cleaner,... vacuum cleaners became common household items Most of today's major (12) _ - including Electrolux and Hoover - were born in the 1920s The household (13) _ that vacuum cleaners suck up is