ĐỀ ÔN THI 19.04.2021 – COMPILED BY HAU TRAN A PHONETICS I Circle the option A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions A Switzerland B New Zealand C Brazil D hazy A loose B increase C promise D because A swear B sword C sweat D swing A little B gentle C whistle D battle A mosaic B conserve C reserve D poison II Circle the option A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose primary stress differs from that of the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions A component B indicate C relevant D satellite A electronics B transmission C phenomenon D original A identify B dinosaur C variety D reflection A periodic B suspicious C contagious D electric 10 A energy B register C limited D dismiss B VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE I Choose the best answer to fill in each blank It's I who gave him instructions about what to say in the meeting A specialized B specific C detailed D exact People who know about wines will choose one that their meal A fixes B fits C matches D complements Luckily my wallet was handed in to the police with all its content A preserved B unscathed C unchanged D intact The company makes a loss again this year and is at the moment A in the red B in the white C in the black D in the blue Stephen felt about changing his job A apprehensive B afraid C indecisive D anxious The local authorities need to down on illegal parking, in my opinion A break B crack C close D force Olivia has always to return to the country she was born in A favoured B yearned C urged D inclined If the service isn’t up to standard, I think you have right to complain A all B each C every D much The mysterious lady was dressed in black A from top to bottom B from cover to cover C from the cradle to the grave D from head to toe 10 Digitally messages can be delivered via cable direct into our homes A numbered B dialed C encoded D written 11 No amount of encouragement jump into the pool A would he make B he would make himself C would make him D would he make himself 12 I reckon Martin is of a nervous breakdown A in charge B on the verge C indicative D under suspicion 13 I don’t think you’ll show a callous disregard for life and property, A will you B I C won’t you D didn’t I 14 He has been unable to find a job with his ability as an accountant A appropriate B suitable C requisite D commensurate 15 I my eyes around the room but could not see her A cast B set C tossed D threw 16 The music aroused an feeling of homesickness in me A intensive B intentional C intense D intended 17 It seems to be your boss who is fault in this case A of B at C with D under 18 Robert is completely in his new book on photography A absorbed B interested C disappointed D occupied 19 To be a good short story writer one needs, among other things, a very imagination A vivid B living C bright D sparkling 20 This ticket you to a free meal in our new restaurant A allows B grants C entitles D credits II Think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences Once in front of the King, the messenger double in respect and handed the letter from the Prince It is obvious the gutter press has the truth slightly to sell the story Otherwise, it would be dull The father was so on getting his kidnapped daughter back that he promised to pay any ransom demanded I don't know how dangerous the jungle is - if you go, you‘ll have to take your The are that the zoo will be forced to close Doing the course will certainly improve your of getting a job The final of their journey was the most demanding as they had to make their way through a dense jungle No, it was only a joke I was just pulling your Charles isn‘t a fortune teller Luckily, the policeman survived the accident with only one broken and several cuts After the disaster the design team wanted to the blame for the fiasco onto the manufacturer and vice versa Thanks to the concerted efforts of local communities there‘s been a marked in attitudes towards religious minorities They can now feel quite safe The job can be fairly demanding as I a night every second day The TV reporter gave a full of the run-up to the election You need to take the family‘s views into before you decide where to go on holiday Please don‘t make a fuss on my III Fill in the blank with the suitable phrasal verbs I have all the information that you need but I’m busy Can I _ you in half an hour? The Prime Minister has decided to after 10 years in office We heard the bomb from the hotel where we checked in Large companies sometimes smaller ones My brother and I very well most of the time, but occasionally we have a fight I playing football a long time ago because of a knee injury Don’t worry, we’ll try to the problems and find a solution for everyone That story cannot be true You have surely it After browsing the internet for some time, we finally where he lived 10 I had no use for the books so I _ them to the library 11 I can’t if it’s a woman or a man, because the person is too far away 12 The pavement is very icy so be careful you don’t 13 There have been a number of robberies, but up to now the police don’t know who _ them 14 The traffic on the motorway was _ by construction work 15 The energy company our electricity because we didn’t pay IV Give the correct form of the words in brackets Part 1: THE COOLING OCEANS The upper layers of Earth's oceans have cooled (1 SIGNIFY) _ over the past two years, even though the planet as a whole is warming up While this may just be part of the natural (2 VARY) of oceans, climatologists are still confounded by the massive unaccountable (3 LOSE) of heat Scientists have been (4 INCREASE) concerned by rising sea temperatures over the last 50 years but those new (5 FIND) tell a different story Generally speaking, the (6 ABSORB) of heat by the oceans reduces atmospheric warning Now (7 MEASURE) taken by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have put a wrinkle in the trend The researchers used data from 3000 floating buoys which monitor the oceans (8 WORLD) They found out that the oceans dropped in temperature by an (9 BELIEVE) 0.02 degrees centigrade between 2011 and 2013 Now, that may not seem like much, but trying to account for the missing energy is proving to be enormously (10 PROBLEM) It is possible that volcanic eruptions are one main cause of the phenomenon, but no firm answers have yet been provided 10 Part 2: Whenever a salary increase for top league footballers is announced, there is an (1 CRY) from a section of the public While they agree it’s undeniable that these players are highly skilled and talented and should be (2 SUIT) rewarded, many people feel that the constant increases will result in the (3 EVENT) destruction of the games as we know it today However, the footballers themselves hold the opinion that the public’s views are based on a (4 CONCEPT) , as most of income generated by a football club goes not to the players but the directors and shareholders The players feel these protestations are based on middleclass (5 SNOB) , pointing the finger at newspaper articles claiming that the salary levels are just too high for (6 MERE) ‘kicking a ball round’ In order to strengthen the arguments (7 JUSTIFICATION) their salaries, footballers cite the far high remunerations of golfers and boxers, who can earn ten times an average footballer’s wage Perhaps a more valid (8 CRITIC) could be directed at the tremendous difference in salaries between (9 FLIGHT) footballers and those in lower categories The average weekly wage of footballers playing for last year’s top five Premiership teams was $ 14,770 compared to $4,120 which were the average weekly (10 EARN) of their colleagues in Division 1 10 C READING I Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision- making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships A realistic example for many college students is the question “What will I after graduation?” A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones Focusing on long- range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I after graduation that will lead to a successful career?” What does the passage mainly discuss? A A tool to assist in making complex decisions B A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions C Research on how people make decisions D Differences between long-range and short-range decision making The word “essential” is closest in meaning to A introductory B changeable C beneficial D fundamental The word “pertinent” is closest in meaning to A relevant B preceding C insightful D responsive Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet? A Listing the consequences of each solution B Calculating a numerical summary of each solution C Deciding which consequences are most important D Writing down all possible solutions According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that A has the fewest variables to consider B uses the most decision worksheets C has the most points assigned to it D is agreed to by the greatest number of people The author develops the discussion in paragraph by means of _ A describing a process B classifying types of worksheets C providing historical background D explaining a theory The author states that “On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once” to explain that _ A most decisions involve seven steps B human mental capacity has limitations C some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions D people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice The word “succinct” is closest in meaning to _ A creative B satisfactory C personal D concise Which of the following terms is defined in the passage? A Proponents (line 5) B Optimal (line 5) C Variables (line 19) D Long-range goals (line 23) 10 The word “it” refers to _ A worksheet B problem C distinction D decision II Choose the best answer to fill in each blank Greenhouse gases arise from a wide range of sources and their increasing concentration is largely related to the compound effects of increased population, improved living standards and changes in lifestyle From a current base of billion, the United Nations predicts that the global population may stabilize in the twenty-first century between and 14 billion, with more than 90 per cent of the (1) increase taking place in the world’s developing nations The (2) activities to support that growth, particularly to produce the required energy and food, will cause further increases in greenhouse gas emissions The challenge is to attain a (3) balance between population, economic growth and the environment The major greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the only major (4) to the greenhouse effect that does not occur naturally, coming from such sources as refrigeration, plastics and manufacture Coal’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is thought to be about 18 per cent, with about half of this coming from (5) generation The world-wide coal industry allocates extensive resources to researching and developing new technologies and ways of capturing greenhouse gases (6) are likely to be improved dramatically, and hence CO2 emissions reduced, through combustion and gasification techniques which are now at (7) and demonstration stages Clean coal is another avenue for improving fuel conversion efficiency Investigations are under (8) into superclean coal (3-5 per cent ash) and ultraclean coal (less than per cent ash) Superclean coal has the potential to enhance the combustion efficiency of conventional pulverized fuel power plants Ultraclean coal will enable coal to be used in (9) power systems such as coal-fired gas turbines which, when (10) in combined cycle, have the potential to achieve much greater efficiencies A intended B projected C wanted D calculated A remarkable B major C associated D mutual A reachable B sustainable C eligible D visual A substance B contributor C chemical D emission A electronic B electric C electrical D electricity A Influences B Results C Efficiencies D Consequences A pilot B launch C experiment D beginning A experiment B development C way D progress A electrified B developed C advanced D controlled 10 A involved B operated C managed D made III Fill in each of the blanks with one suitable word Many actors not like working with children or animals This is probably (1) _ they are afraid that the audience may become (2) _ interested in the children and animals than in them Actors can have problems (3) _ a different kind when they are required to eat or drink on stage If they have (4) _ much food in their mouths, the words they say may not (5) _ clear, and they may even end up coughing or choking Other problems can occur with food (6) _ films are being made In a recent film, during which family was waiting to have a meal, one of the actors entered with a large roast chicken on a tray and started cutting some meat from it while he was speaking Having cut off a whole chicken leg he completely forgot (7) _ his next words were The scene had to be filmed (8) _ This would not really have mattered (9) _ there had been another roast chicken in the studio, but there was not At (10) _, nobody knew what to do, but eventually the problem was solved by putting a nail in the leg and attaching it back onto the chicken 10 IV Read the passage and choose the correct heading for paragraph A – H from the list of the heading i-xi below TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR EUROPEAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS A - _ It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase There are two key factors behind this trend For passenger transport, the determining factor is the spectacular growth in car use The number of cars on European Union (EU) roads saw an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the next decade the EU will see a further substantial increase in its fleet B - _ As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the European economy and its system of production In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers have been abolished, the EU has moved from a ”stock” economy to a ”flow” economy This phenomenon has been emphasised by the relocation of some industries, particularly those which are labour intensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from users C - _ The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the EU will also increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic In 1998, some of these countries already exported more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than five times their 1990 volumes And although many candidate countries inherited a transport system which encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport since the 1990s Between 1990 and 1998，road haulage increased by 19.4%, while during the same period rail haulage decreased by 43.5%, although – and this could benefit the enlarged EU – it is still on average at a much higher level than in existing member states D - _ However, a new imperative-sustainable development – offers an opportunity for adapting the EU's common transport policy This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council, has to be achieved by integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and shifting the balance between modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but proposed measures are nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will ideally be in place in 30 years‟ time, that is by 2040 E - _ In 1998, energy consumption in the transport sector was to blame for 28% of emissions of CO2, the leading greenhouse gas According to the latest estimates, if nothing is done to reverse the traffic growth trend, CO2 emissions from transport can be expected to increase by around 50% to 1,113 billion tonnes by 2020，compared with the 739 billion tonnes recorded in 1990 Once again, road transport is the main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the CO2 emissions attributable to transport Using alternative fuels and improving energy efficiency is thus both an ecological necessity and a technological challenge F - _ At the same time greater efforts must be made to achieve a modal shift Such a change cannot be achieved overnight, all the less so after over half a century of constant deterioration in favour of road This has reached such a pitch that today rail freight services are facing marginalisation, with just 8% of market share, and with international goods trains struggling along at an average speed of 18km/h Three possible options have emerged G - _ The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing This option would not be accompanied by complementary measures in the other modes of transport In the short term it might curb the growth in road transport through the better loading ratio of goods vehicles and occupancy rates of passenger vehicles expected as a result of the increase in the price of transport However, the lack of measures available to revitalise other modes of transport would make it impossible for more sustainable modes of transport to take up the baton H - _ The second approach also concentrates on road transport pricing but is accompanied by measures to increase the efficiency of the other modes (better quality of services, logistics, technology) However, this approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor does it guarantee better regional cohesion It could help to achieve greater uncoupling than the first approach, but road transport would keep the lion‟s share of the market and continue to concentrate on saturated arteries, despite being the most polluting of the modes It is therefore not enough to guarantee the necessary shift of the balance I - _ The third approach, which is not new, comprises a series of measures ranging from pricing to revitalising alternative modes of transport and targeting investment in the trans-European network This integrated approach would allow the market shares of the other modes to return to their 1998 levels and thus make a shift of balance It is far more ambitious than it looks, bearing in mind the historical imbalance in favour of roads for the last fifty years, but would achieve a marked break in the link between road transport growth and economic growth, without placing restrictions on the mobility of people and goods List of Headings i A fresh and important long-term goal ii Charging for roads and improving other transport methods iii Changes affecting the distances goods may be transported iv Taking all the steps necessary to change transport patterns v The environmental costs of road transport vi The escalating cost of rail transport vii viii ix x xi The need to achieve transport rebalance The rapid growth of private transport Plans to develop major road networks Restricting road use through charging policies alone Transport trends in countries awaiting EU admission D WRITING Question 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence before it The 2016 Summer Olympics isn't to blame for Rio state’s debt by any means → By no means The Chinese missing boy He was found healthy and hungry in a military hut by a soldier → The moment a _ You were not supposed to tell anyone about my news → I would rather my Bill Gate’s friends used to persuade him not to drop out of university → Bill Gate’s friends talked In spite of her initial reluctance to take the job, she’s got on very well → Reluctant _ Question 2: Rewrite the sentences using the given forms so that they retain their original meaning One day Vietnam will become an affluent developed country (MATTER) → It’s only Everyone found it absolutely astonishing that Leicester won the Premier League (UTTER) → To _ Because of the appalling weather condition, many Vietnam's Mekong Delta provinces have suffered the most serious fresh water shortage in the last 100 years (SUBJECT) → Owing I don’t mind which make of car you choose (CONSEQUENCE) → It Do you have any idea about how Jack made enough money to buy his new house? (LIGHT) → Can you Question 3: Many people believe that television programs are of no value for children Do you agree? Why or why not? Provide reasons and examples to support your response You should write at least 250 words ... distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones Focusing on long- range goals, a graduating student might revise the... year A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate... decisions and ideal decisions C Research on how people make decisions D Differences between long-range and short-range decision making The word “essential” is closest in meaning to A introductory