Love in shakespeares sonnets = tình yêu trong thơ xônê của shakespeare

Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Vinh University Foreign Languages department =====***===== Love in shakespeares sonnets (Tình yêu thơ xônê Shakespeare) GRADUATION THESIS FIELD: LITERATURE Phạm Thị Hà Student Class : : 45 E2 - English Supervisor : TrÇn Ngäc T-ởng (M.A) Vinh, May 2009 Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Acknowledgements For the completion of the study, I have been fortune to receive invaluable contributions from my many people First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, M.A Tran Ngoc Tuong for his absolutely indispensable assistance, excellent suggestions, expert advice and detailed critical comments, without which the study would not have been completed I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to Mrs Le Thi Thuy Ha, who taught me English literature and suggest for me about this study In addition, I am greatly in debted to all my lectures at the Department of Foreign Languages- Vinh University for their endless enthusiasm and undeniable useful lectures My warmest thanks are due to my family, my relatives, my friends and classmates for all things they have done for me Finally, I am all too aware that despite all the advice and assistance, I feel that the project is far from perfect; it is, therefore, my sole responsibility for any inadequacies and short comings that the thesis may be considered to have Vinh, May 2009 Pham Thi Ha Table of contents page Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Acknowledgements i Table of contents ii Part A: Introduction 1 Rationale for choosing the study Aims of the study Scope of the study Methods of the study Design of the study Part B: Investigation .3 Chapter 1: Theoretical Background 1.1 England in the Renaissance 1.1.1 What is the “Renaissance”? 1.1.2 What is meant by “Renaissance”? 1.1.2.1 Renaissance: The revival of interest in Greek and Roman literature 1.1.2.2 Renaissance: The discovery of the world and human beings 1.1.2.3 Renaissance: The awakening of man’s mind, capacity, individual spirit and secularism 1.1.3 Renaissance in English society and literature 1.2 William Shakespeare’s life and career .6 1.2.1 His life 1.2.2 His career .7 Chapter 2: An introduction to Shakespeare’s Sonnets and his homosexuality 11 2.1 What is a sonnet? .11 2.2 Types of sonnet 11 2.2.1 The Spencerian Sonnet 11 2.2.2 The Italian (or Petrarchan) Sonnet .11 Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets 2.2.3 The English (or Shakespearian) Sonnet 12 2.3 Shakespeare’s sonnets 13 2.3.1 Background of Shakespeare’s sonnets 12 2.3.2 The subject matter of Shakespeare’s sonnet sequence 14 2.4 Shakespeare’s homosexuality 15 2.4.1 Homosexuality in literature 15 2.4.2 Homosexuality in Western literature 16 2.4.3 Homosexuality in Shakespeare’s works 18 Chapter 3: Love in Shakespeare’s sonnets 21 3.1 Triangle love .21 3.1.1 Homosexual love between the poet and a Fair Lord .25 3.1.2 Heterosexual lust 30 3.1.2.1 Love between the poet and a Dark Lady 30 3.1.2.2 Love between a Fair Lord and a Dark Lady .35 3.2 Homosexual love vs Heterosexual lust 37 3.3 Summary 40 Part c: Conclusion 41 Recapitulation 41 Suggestion for further study 42 References 43 Appendix Part A: Introduction Rationale for choosing the study Literature, as well as music, is a vital part of our daily life It is true to say that “Literature is the voice of our hearts” It makes the life more beautiful Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets and interesting Writers use language to write in poem, story to express their motion Whatever ways “Literature is the window of the soul” When I was a pupil, I was really interested in literature because my mother was also the teacher of literature And I indeed liked poems written about love There is a famous saying that “We are all born for love, it is the principle of existence and its only end” Love is the basic of happiness and social developments It makes people’s life more meaningful, more cheerful and enjoyable And in literature, love is one of the most popular themes Now, As a student of Foreign Languages Department, I have opportunity to study more about foreign literature, especially English literature I knew and learnt about William Shakespeare- the most influential writer in all of English literature Before, I only knew him through his well-known tragedy like “Romeo and Juliet”- a tragic love story Human beings have admired and kept in their hearts the famous love affair of Romeo and Juliet And all his other comedies and tragedies expose the desire of a world full of love, and love has been the only end to cure people from all kinds of sorrow and unhappiness I surprise at the bulk of Shakespeare’s sonnets including 154 sonnets A series of this is the same theme That is Love And this is the reason why I choose “Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets” as the theme for my graduation paper Aims of the study For the reasons mentioned above, the study has been done in order to: - To understand more about England as well as English literature in Renaissance Age - To study William Shakespeare’s life and works, especially his love sonnets Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets - To help teachers and students have more detailed information about William Shakespeare and his love sonnets if they are interested in Scope of the study - Studying the Renaissance, England in the Renaissance - Studying Shakespeare’s life and works - Studying only theme of love in Shakespeare’s sonnets - Studying and analyzing some sonnets that are sonnet 18, 20, 42, 116, 127, 130, 133 and 144 Methods of the study In order to carry out this study, due to the characteristics of the study, I have to base on some main methods: - Using analysis method - Loading documents from internet to study - Using collective method: collecting the materials in the course of English literature that concern the study - Studying documents dealing with the theme - Making the help of my supervisor- M.A Tran Ngoc Tuong Design of the study Chapter 1: Theoretical Background Chapter 2: An introduction to Shakespeare’s Sonnets and his homosexuality Chapter 3: Love in Shakespeare’s sonnet Conclusion References Appendix Part B: Investigation Chapter Theoretical Background 1.1 England in the Renaissance Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets 1.1.1 What is the “Renaissance”? The Renaissance was the transitional period from the Middle Ages to the Modern contemporary times The Renaissance began in the 14th century in Italy and then spread to other countries in Western Europe, but became the most prosperous and important European country such as England, during the late 15th, 16th and 17th century There was an attempt at creating a new culture, which would be from the limitations of the feudal ideology of medieval times The epoch was characterized by a thirst for knowledge and discoveries, by a powerful development of individuality Frederick Engel regarded the Renaissance as the greatest progressive turning point that mankind had so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giants in power of thought passion and character, in universality 1.1.2 What is meant by “Renaissance”? According to Nguyen Chi Trung, (1998), the term “Renaissance”, meaning literally “rebirth” in French, was first used by Jules Michelle, a French historian (1780-1874) First of all, “Renaissance” means not only the revival of interest in Greek and Roman literature but also the discovery of the world and human beings More than that, “Renaissance” implies the awakening of man’s mind, capacity, individual spirit and secularism 1.1.2.1 Renaissance: the revival of interest in Greek and Roman literature According to Nguyen Chi Trung, (1998), in the Middle Ages, there were less people read and studied Greek and Roman literatures, because scholars were written by hand on parch made of animal skins So, they could hardly one read and study However, thanks to Petrarch’s and Boccacio’s enthusiasm in propagating the spirit of humanism in Greek and Roman literatures, and thanks to the invention of the printing machine, the number of readers of ancient writers increased greatly and the reading and studying Greek and Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Roman literatures became an interest In this period, the spirit of humanism became assimilated with the studying of those literatures And they could study manuscript of the old Roman easily 1.1.2.2 Renaissance: The discovery of the world and human beings In the Middle Ages, the majority of the people were kept under ignorance The Church did not want men to know his capacity Man was taught that they were created by God In the Renaissance, however, men greatly discovered for geographical and scientific In geographical field, Christopher Columbus discovered America; Amerigo Vespucci and Vasco da Gama discovered the Philippines; Magellan travelled around the world and discovered serveral lands and islands These great geographical discoveries opened new horizons and bright prospects for European people: they longed to discover other continents and people In scientific field, Newton discovered “Law of Gravity” And Galileo and Compenious discovered the stars and the stellar system, etc These scientific discoveries affected to men’s awareness about their position and effect in society It proved that men could everything and men owned their life, not God (Nguyen Chi Trung, (1998), p.21) Nguyen Chi Trung (1998) also states that the human beings in the Middle Ages completely lost their position and values The ideas and thinking of the Church taught them that “God” was center and the creator of everything God has a life after death in the heaven and the Church of Rome also taught them that men were symbols of evils and sins, that they were slaver in this temporary world They lived and waited for their emancipation from their earthly hopeless life They lived and prepared themselves for a futures life in paradise In the Renaissance, on the contrary, men were reborn They had the right to live and to everything what they wanted They felt more optimistic with Ph¹m Thị Hà - K45E2 Love in Shakespeares Sonnets present life Now, life was more beautiful and interesting for them They lived meaningfully and better 1.1.2.3 Renaissance: The awakening of man’s mind, capacity, individual spirit and secularism According to Nguyen Chi Trung (1998), Medieveal men depended on the “God” and despised materialistic and sexual But Renaissance men were quite different Discoveries of new lands, inventions, a more comfortable life, new economic political and social life created new will and eagerness in them Spiritually, they began to against the strict, cramped and austere pattern of life in the Middle Ages Throughout discoveries of ancient achievement and real life, men were astonished what they had been learned in the church Rome were not right, and that men could everything what they wanted to improve and to perfect their life in the Renaissance Renaissance men were no more subordinated to God For them, their life and happiness was here, on earth and it depended on their own strength and abilities to achieve it 1.1.3 Renaissance in the English society and literature Although England experienced to Renaissance later in comparison with other European countries, it quickly reached the greatness and glory and was considered as the peak of the renaissance culture During the 15th- 17th centuries, England witnessed a lot of growths and changes The development of capitalism resulted in a new economy and means of livelihood England now changed from a Roman Catholic country to a protestant country The development of a new social order presented great opportunities for man’s creativity In a word, England in the Renaissance grew prosperous and powerful and deserved to be called “Merry England” However, there were internal contradictions, disilutions and sadness in the society In all, England was then standing: Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets “Between two worlds: one dead The others powerless to be born” This was reflected frequently in literary works at that time The Renaissance was the most ebullient period in English literature that marked the appearances and the growths of different trends, especially, the flouristing of drama Among the famous play wrights, William Shakespeare was the most outstanding 1.2 William Shakespeare’s life and career 1.2.1 His life From three sources, we know Shakespeare’s life: the church and legal records, the folk traditions, and the comments of his contemporaries Shakespeare was born on the 23rd of April, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon, Warwicksire He got education in a local grammar school for a few years There he picked up the “small Latin and less Greek” When Shakespeare was about fourteen years old, he left school and became a country schoolmaster to help support his family In 1582, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway who was eight years older than her husband A few years later, Shakespeare went to London, where he first did some odd jobs It was said that he kept horses for the audience outside the play houses Then by 1592, he became an actor and a writer In 1593-1954, Shakespeare published his two narrative poems, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece In 1612, he retired from the stage and return to his hometown, where he bought a considerable estate and lived until his death on April 23rd, 1616, at the age of 52 1.2.2 His career Ph¹m Thị Hà - K45E2 10 Love in Shakespeares Sonnets loves her voice, music “hath a far more pleasing sound” and that, though he has never seen a goddess, his mistress-unlike goddess-walks on the ground Yet the narrator’s loves her nonetheless In the couplet the speaker declares that “by heaven”; he thinks his love as rare and valuable “As any she belied with false compare”- that is , any love in which false comparison were invoked to describe the loved one’s beauty It is indeed this blunt but charming sincerity that has made Sonnet 130 one of the most famous in the sequence In summary, although there are some critics, who believe Shakespeare’s Dark lady is only a product of the poet’s imagination, there have been many attempts to identify this mysterious woman, with regard on Shakespeare’s biography Many suspicions have been uttered, but neither one of them could be proved definitively, nor could one explain all the given facts in the Dark Lady Sonnets Anthony Burgess states that “It was an affair of lust not love, and the woman is best thought to be kept anonymous, an instrument of elemental pleasure, then remorse.” Shakespeare did not restrict himself to one love-affair, but that he had several liaison and mistresses during his time in London “Shakespeare was a long time in London, and we can not think that he limited himself to one affair” So every attempt at identification may contain a little part of the truth The Dark Lady might be a composition of different woman as well as of different love stories and Shakespeare may also have some of his criticism about the fair ideal of beauty and some parodies of other poet’s palliated poems 3.1.2.2 Love between a Fair Youth and a Dark Lady Most of the first 126 Sonnets are clearly addressed to a young man and seem to form one sequence, but some sonnets (35, 40, 41, and 42) refer to affair between the male friend and woman who seduced him, presumably this Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 39 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets dark woman On the other word, these sonnets imply a liaison between the friend and the dark lady Simultaneously, Shakespeare reproaches the young man for an apparent liaison with the dark lady The poet is troubled by the young man’s behaviour: he is faithless, and the poet seeks reason to justify or palliate this fact Sonnet 42, with the theme “Loss of lover”, blames the young man for stealing the poet’s female companion: “ That thou hast her, it is not all my grief, And yet it may be said I loved her dearly; That she hath thee is of my wailing chief, A loss in love that touches me more nearly.” You now have the woman I love dearly That she has given herself to you deeply hurts me, although I will excuse both of you for offending me In this first quatrain, the speaker sets up a scenario of a love triangle The speaker addresses what seems to be a third partly who has stolen or tried to steal the speaker’s mistress: “That thou hast her, it is not all my grief” But the speaker makes it clear that even if the lover has, indeed, stolen the mistress, the speaker is not devastated by it Even though he “loved her dearly”, he is more upset that the mistress might return the affection of the intrusive lover, that is, be taken by him, if she is willing to take the third party of the triangle, the speaker is more affected and in reality still alone Betrayed by a friend and a love, the speaker is left to make sense of the vestiges of what was He needs to find a way to rationalize what has happened, if only to preserve his sanity, not to mention his relationship with the two people involved - particularly his friend He does not want to lose them, though in a sense, he already as They have willingly gone against him and despite what he might say, despite what Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 40 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets he wishes to believe, he knows the truth And each time he sees them, or sees a remembrance of them, the wound opens again, as harsh this time as the last However, he then triumphantly announces: “But here’s the joy: my friend and I are one Sweet flattery! Then se loves but me alone” (Line 13 - 14) But here’s the saving grace of it all: My friend and I are one united in our love and friendship, therefore, if she love him, she also loves me Once again, he reaches the conclusion that he is eternally united with his talent So since there is no separation between himself and his ability to create poems, he can not lose either the poem or his talent In the mind of the speaker, the friend is simply doing his duty as “friend” and so, the speaker does not have to see him as the villain He excuses both of them for their betrayal, but it is obvious that he excuses the lover relationship in order to preserve the friendship In Helen Vendler’s The Art of Shakespeare’s Sonnets, it is noted- “By inserting himself somehow as cause or agent of the relation between the young man and the mistress, the speaker preserves a connection with the young man which is the overriding motive of this poem” (Vendler, p.220) 3.2 Homosexual love vs Heterosexual lust The divide between the Fair Youth and the Dark Lady sonnets is also a divide between two forms of interpersonal attraction, while the narrator of the sonnets is clearly infatuated with both the Fair Lord and the Dark Lady, the language he uses to describe these infatuated shows them to be of disparate natures The lack of explicit sexual imagery in the Fair Lord sonnets has led most scholars to characterize this infatuation as an example of homosexual love (or platonic love), a form of amorous affection bereft of any sexual element Meanwhile, the Dark Lady sonnets are replete with sexual imagery, Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 41 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets implying an attraction based largely on heterosexual lust (or carnal lust) The poet seems to glorify the former while condemning the later; his heart is at odds with his libido If we take the angle of sonnet 144 to be the narrator’s fair lord, we see this contrast clearly: “To win me soon to hell, my female evil Tempteth my better angle from my side And would corrupt my saint to be a devil Wooing his purity with her foul pride. (Muốn đẩy thật nhanh vào địa ngục Ng-ời đàn bà quyến rũ thiên thần Đem sắc đẹp mê Biến thiên thần trở thành quỷ sa tăng.) (Thai Ba Tan’s version, 1995) In the opening of the cycle, the poems bear witness to the virtue that the “Fair Youth” could exert through his influence over so many hearts, lives and careers This is the opening into the poet’s love Physically superb, radiantly youthful, politically ascendant, socially powerful, the fair youth represents nearly everything that Shakespeare’s culture valued in external life accomplishments and courtly character To highlight this idealization (and allude to a patronage relationship), the fair youth’s perceived virtues are explicitly contrasted with the poet’s “too sullied” and demeaning real world existence This idealization treats lightly the youth’s fundamental flaw, his selfishness in refusing to wed and procreate But this initial idealization makes horrific the poet’s gradual recognition and then public denunciation of youth’s vicious, shallow and selfish character The poet’s ideals become a pathetic illusion, and the poems describe a pervasive spiritual strangulation that the poet struggles to overcome Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 42 Love in Shakespeares Sonnets The sensual betrayal of the “Dark Lady” counterpoints the spiritual betrayal by the young man With the woman (whose historical identity is unknown) the poet’s “betrayal” is inward and visceral, as is lust turns into an addict’s remorse As in King Lear, Shakespeare sometimes makes the point with distastefully literal dirt: but for Shakespeare literal is lower Lust is a kind of humiliation that his already tormented spiritual existence would gratefully go without The poet is not only betrayed by the youth’s vicious character: he is betrayed by his own Most important, the “dark lady” characterizes a merely sexual desire, to make clear the difference between lust and the profound longing that reached out to the “fair lord” The figure of lust, of desire that turns to revulsion, is only one of many conflicts in the poet’s existence: he also confronts the struggle between beauty and “devouring time”, youth and age, the heart and the eyes, truth and passion, torment and steadfastness, duty and fatigue As in Shakespeare’s greatest plays, the core themes are amplified through parallel subplots and images Although apparently confessional, even the most agitated poems show literary skill and control The episodic patterns of narrative repetition and reversal create a vague sense that the poet is recording his life in the moment, as events change There is an undercurrent of time’s change rather than a clear narrative line; an exploration of spiritual facts rather than a sequence of human events As a whole the cycle assembles its theme in a majestic cumulative vision Amid his suffering, the poet’s dignity emerges in high minded endurance, in the strength of his love, his forgiveness, his dry humor, and his powerful verse The “fair youth” sonnets conclude with an awed realization of genuine love to triumph over any suffering Love is precious not because the Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 43 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets youth is worthy or because the erotic impulse is sweet to fulfill, but because love alone can overcome life’s unrelenting waste and futility: “Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickle’s compass come, Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom. (116.9-12) (Tình yêu xoá hồng má Nh-ng tình yêu không nô lệ thời gian Và tình yêu dám đ-ơng đầu tất Để mÃi xanh t-ơi, không héo, không tàn.) Whatever is the source of strength the poet finds, it is this immortal truth and beauty that the sonnets magnificently celebrate 3.3 Summary In brief, the sequence of 154 William Shakespeare’s sonnets are grouped in a rough pattern, loosely linked by subject matter, stylistic device or theme Each sonnet is a love poem and in literature love is always one of the most popular themes Especially, it really matter that a good work of art contains homosexual love which has caused controversy given Shakespeare’s iconic status However, these sonnets are still considered one of the supreme achievements in this form in all of English literature In real life, we can find that the homosexual love is always oppressed Because of that, some writers just can hide their true selves in their works, and still repress them in their works Should people force them to live in the “norm” way? We think the homosexual literature can make people to pay much attention to it It is very important to recognize the significance of the homosexual documents Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 44 Love in Shakespeares Sonnets Part c: conclusion Recapitulation Literature is an art, which reflects material and spiritual life of humankind Each different historic period has separate features in literature Mankind has witnessed remarkable change in literature due to those in history Also, they have enjoyed immoral literary works of all times The Renaissance is the transitional period from the Middle Ages to the modern contemporary times, a time which all the social value of people (both material and spiritual) were reborn It is also the most ebullient period in English literature that marks the appearances and the growths of different trends This was reflected frequently in literary works at that time One of the main themes of Renaissance is love Renaissance conventions of love were strongly influenced by the elaborate system of love called the Petrarchan tradition William Shakespeare is a well- known poet with the bulk of 154 sonnets This study has investigated how the poet’s love is expressed in his sonnets “Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets” has been taken as the core phrase of the study Chapter in the part B has deal with the background knowledge about Renaissance time and Shakespeare –the author of 154 famous sonnets Then in chapter 2, the author studied about Shakespeare’s Sonnet and homosexual element in is works as well as in literature In chapter 3, the author analyzes some famous sonnets to see “Love”- a triangle love, homosexual love, and heterosexual lust is shown in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Each sonnet or a small group is structured in the same form but all express the poet’s love for a Fair Lord and a Dark Lady No attempt as been made to study Shakespeare’s Sonnet Therefore, understanding about the theme only lines in a small area Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 45 Love in Shakespeares Sonnets However, by this study, the author wants to makes clear look at the theme then help other teachers as well as students learn and understand more about English literature, sonnets in common and Shakespeare’s sonnets, in specific Suggestion for further studies Due to the limitation time and the requirement of a graduation thesis, the study would not come up to all aspects of the matter In addition, the author does not have chance to study other poet’s sonnets of the time which share the theme love Therefore, the author would like to suggest some more topics for further study: - “Love in Shakespeare’s tragedy and comedy.” - “The main themes in Shakespeare’s Sonnets” - “Love in English and Italian Sonnets - Love in Renaissance time Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 46 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets REFERENCES L Cortes N Nikiforova O Soundlen Kova, English Literature NguyÔn Kim Loan, (1998), History of English Literature, Tr-ờng Đại Học Ngoại Ngữ, Nhà Xuất Bản Thế Giới Nguyễn Chí Trung, (1998), English Literature, Đà Nẵng: Education Publisher Nguyễn Xuân Thơm, (1997), History of English and American Literature, Nhà Xuất B¶n ThÕ Giíi Ousby, I (1995) Camberigde Paperback Guide to Literature in English Cambridge University Thái Bá Tân, (1995), Thơ Xônê Chọn Lọc, Nhà Xuất Bản Văn Học Hµ Néi Thornley, G C and Roberts, G (1984) An Outline of English Literature: Longman Press Teacher’s handouts * Some Websites: (1-2):http:nfs.sparnotes.com/History of Homosexuality.html (3):http:nfs.sparnotes.com/Shakespeare’s Sonnets- 1609- Fair Lord- Dark Lady.html http/ www.Shakespeare’s sonnets http:// www.bookstove.com/classics/Shakespeare-Hate-andsonnets.90201 http:// www.sparknotes.com/Shakespeare/Shakesonnets/section3.rhtml http:// www.sparknotes.com/Shakespeare/Shakesonnets/section8.rhtml http:// www.sparknotes.com/Shakespeare/Shakesonnets/section10.rhtml Ph¹m Thị Hà - K45E2 47 Love in Shakespeares Sonnets APPENDIX Some Shakespeare’s Sonnets Sonnet 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s dAY? (a) Thou art more lovely and more temperATE: (b) Rough winds shake the darling buds of mAY, (a) And summer’s lease hath all too short a dATE: (b) Sometime too hot the eyes of heaven shINES, (c) And often is his gold complexion dIMM’D; (d) And every fair from fair sometime declINES, (c) By chance or nature’s changing course untrIMM’D; (d) But thy eternal summer shall not fADE (e) Nor lose possession of that fair thou OWEST (f) Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shADE (e) When in eternal lines to time thou grOWEST (f) So long as men can breathe or eyes can sEE, (g) So long lives this and this gives life to thEE (g) * Ví em, nên chăng, nh- ngày hè rực nắng? Dịu dàng hơn, em dễ th-ong Nhú tháng Năm, mầm non rung gặp bÃo Mà mùa Hè ngắn, khô khan Đôi mắt mặt trời bừng lên nóng, Lại có nắng đẹp chuyển râm ran Còn đẹp th-ờng mau hết đẹp Bởi rủi ro biến cải thiên-nhan Chỉ riêng em la mùa hạ mÃi không tàn, Không vẻ đẹp mịn màng: Ngay Thần Tử đành thua, miễn gọi Khi em đà thành dung- nhan Còn nhân loại thở, hay ng-ời ta mắt Thì thơ còn, em sống mÃi miên man (Thai Ba Tans version) Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 48 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Sonnet 20 A woman’s face with Nature’s own hand painted Hast thou, the master-mistress of my passion, A woman’s gentle heart, but not acquainted With shifting change, as is false woman’s fashion, An eye more bright than theirs, less false in rolling, Gilding the object whereupon it gazeth, A man in hue, all hues in his controlling, Which steals men’s eyes and women’s souls amazeth And for a woman wert thou first created, Till Nature, as he wrought thee, fell a –doing, And by addition me of thee defeated By adding one thing to my purpose nothing But since se prick’d thee out for women’s pleasure, Mince be thy love, and thy love’s use their treasure Sonnet 42 That thou hast her, it is not all my grief, And yet it may be said I loved her dearly; That se hath thee is of my wailing chief, A loss in love that touches me more nearly Loving offenders, thus I will excuse ye: Thou dost love her, because thou knowst I love her; And for my sake even so doth she abuse me, Suffering my friend for my sake to approve her If I lose thee, my loss is my love’s gain, And losing her, my friend hath found that loss; Both find each other, and I lose both twain, And both for my sake lay on me this cross: But here’s the joy; my friend and I are one; Sweet flattery! Then she loves but me alone Sonnet 116 Let me not to the marriage of true mind’ Admit impediments, love is not love Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 49 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Which alters when it alteration finds On bends with the remover to remove O no, it is an ever fixed mark That looks on tempests and is never shaken; It is the star to every wand’ring bark, Whose worth’s unknown all though his height be taken Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickle’s compass come, Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom: If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved *Tôi không ngăn hai trái tim sôi Đang yêu nhau, có jì Làm đổi thay tình giả dối, Khi hai ng-ời cách biệt , phải Trong giông bÃo, suốt đêm ngày đỏ Tình yêu đèn sáng xa khơi; Cho thuyền lênh đênh Tình yêu láp lánh trời Tình yêu xoá hồng má Nh-ng tình yêu không nô lệ thời gian, Và tình yêu dám đ-ơng đầu tất Để mÃi xanh t-ơi không héo không tàn Nếu sai thơ nói dối, Thì tình yêu thơ (Thai Ba Tans version) Sonnet 127 In the old age black was not counted fair, Or if it were, it bore not beauty’s name; But now is black beauty’s successive heir And beauty slander’d with a bastard shame For since each hand hath put on Natures power, Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 50 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Fairing the foul with borrowed face, Sweet beauty hath no name, no holy bower, But is profan’d, if not lives in disgrace Therefore my mistress’ eyes are raven black, Her eyes so suited, and they mourners seem At such who, not born fair, no beauty lack, Sland’ring creation with a false esteem: Yet so they mourn becoming of their woe, That every tongue says beauty should look so Sonnet 130 My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips’ red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If airs be wires, black wires grown on her head I have seen roses damask’d, red and while, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there, more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks, I love to hear speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare * Đôi mắt em không giống với mặt trời Và đôi môi chẳng nh- san hô đỏ Không nh- tuyết mà sâu thẳm bờ vai Maí tóc đen cuộn tròn thành mớ Hoa hồng đỏ v-ờn hay hồng trắng Không lên đôi má em Bao h-ơng vị đời chẳng Bằng h-ơng thơm thở êm đèm Giọng nói không nh- suối nhạc đầy vơi Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 51 Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Nh-ng cịng ®đ để làm ngây ngất Dù thiên nga không l-ợn bầu trời Ng-ời yêu mặt đất Tôi nghĩ ng-ời yêu chẳng Với so đo khập khễnh (Thai Ba Tans version) Sonnet 133 Beshrew that heart makes my heart to groan For that deep wound it gives my friend and me; Is’t not enough to torture me alone, But slave to slavery my sweet’st friend must be? Me from my self thy cruel eye hath taken, And my next self thou harder hast engrossed, Of him, my self, and thee I am forsaken, A torment thrice three-fold thus to be crossed: Prison my heart in thy steed bosom’s ward, But then my friend’s heart bet my poor heart ball! Whoe’er keeps me, let my heart be his guard, Thou canst not then use rigour in my gaol And yet thou wilt, for I being pent in thee, Perforce am tine and all that is in me * T«i ngun rủa tim làm khổ Hành hạ ng-ời bạn Đày đoạ ch-a đủ Lại đày thêm ng-ời quý đời Tàn nhẫn thay ánh mắt gian dối Em vô tình lấy ba tim Mất ý chí liền lối Đánh mình, ng-ời bạn em HÃy giam tim thép Nh-ng trả tim ng-ời bạn cho Tôi giữ gìn, nâng niu thân thiết Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 52 Love in Shakespeares Sonnets Vì tim tôI em đà lấy Tôi ng-ời bị em giam giữ Nên em tất (Thai Ba Tan’s version) Sonnet 144 Two loves I have of comfort and despair, Which like two spirits suggest me still: The better angle is a man right fair, The worser spirit a woman colour’d ill To win me soon to hell my female evil Tempteth my better angle from thy side, And would corrupt my saint from to be a devil,” Wooing his purity her foul pride And whether that my angle be turn’d friend Suspect I may, but not directly tell; But being both from me, both to each friend, I guess one angle in other’s hell: Yet this shall I ne’er know, but live in doubt, Till my bad angle fire my good one out * Hai tình yêu ngot ngào cay đắng Hai tâm hồn tồn kề bên: Ng-ời đàn ông thiên thần đôi mắt sáng Ng-ời đàn bà tăm tối ánh mắt nhìn Muốn đẩy thật nhanh vào địa ngục Ng-ời đàn bà quyến rũ thiên thần Đem sắc đẹp mê Biến thiên thần trở thành quỷ sa tăng Trở thành quỷ hay không Nh-ng chẳng quay lại Thiên thần trở nên thân thiết Với ng-ời đàn bà nơi đia ngục xa xôi Sẽ sao- biết điều Thiên thần từ nơi quay (Thai Ba Tans version) Phạm Thị Hµ - K45E2 53 ... - ? ?Love in Shakespeare? ??s tragedy and comedy.” - “The main themes in Shakespeare? ??s Sonnets? ?? - ? ?Love in English and Italian Sonnets - Love in Renaissance time Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 46 Love in Shakespeare? ??s... đênh Tình yêu láp lánh trời Tình yêu xoá hồng má Nh-ng tình yêu không nô lệ thời gian, Và tình yêu dám đ-ơng đầu tất Để mÃi xanh t-ơi không héo không tàn Nếu sai thơ nói dối, Thì tình yêu thơ. .. all the best or most interesting on most beautiful of the Phạm Thị Hà - K45E2 29 Love in Shakespeares Sonnets sonnets; but the simplicity and loveliness of its praise of the beloved has guaranteed