Luyện nói Tiếng Trung Quốc cấp tốc Trình độ Nhập Môn (Cuốn 1)
Trang 4
(5) WMẾ# 157S
H-8#NK'ỘRH (CIP) Bae
Trang 5Bil
(RIE TIHRRPAARMMAHE PAMEH VUIEKF 4B RRA
EM -EAMNRA, SCERARDPAR FPHWBRAA*RSKFE SRR H
AP RSERAS KEM f 3 2d tú ĐH J Ể đo by tà ]Ý Ở + ẤZ ỞÌ 1ặ XÃ + #3 T v1 EJL.* # R:
1 KRM PARAS KH SPSRHOHS Miki PL RSPR
hh SRARI ESAS AGED ERMA HER, MIKA
BS 40 op HAA EMH RRMA RAD BS) FORO f4 t3 7l ĐL tỌ %, 7 Ab ik dh at ILA # 18 63 tế Fat ah be,
FL ASE A ch, Ấn n} lỊ dù th BE # tà 3Ỳ 2, & 3 811 6 #3 bá
# 40) @, #ặ h Ủ #2 0ử Ex @, 2S 2Ư ấy ấy {R 8Ì , Ị v1 18 Ji ẬL 33: ứ9 Ỳ ,ũ Jf K KIS WIRY ARIS HT BM, AREA EG HR PERK HE 63 Đ E2 PRAM AH Bi Ở-A MRT RSA,
Trang 6I ^~I1% lặ #&- # 4c ha 2) 3# # $ 5J 3k 30 2E, 1 ~ 5 ĐẾÊ 3Ừ zẽ # ÈE 2, ự N4 ử., EH ẬÈ H # Ậ4 HÌ 6 ~ 3O ?ặ;zÙ 3> 2 X, ỌÈ 4 3l }E tế ¡k k ft PP & X BH ự9 3E 6) Wife PAE FDS RSH RRA REEMA, 2 KALB
i$ & JL- 2ỉ 2) 1? 9, 0W 8È 2) EA LIS HH 4] BM FH 200 FA KSWMILN SDH ey, FSR PRAM PY CRP A ặ8 HOA 14 IRA ROT RK,
4ệ Ư + 8 H % +ặ 3 9 GHRFRGEHAHR PRIMA,
3 3t
Ậặ Ư7i 3# + d9 vỊ 0Ạ 8E 2), 3F 4# PL 18 Ở ÁẶ 6) X Ặa 3> Ế Ã AY Z2 4g XS
1500 AMO FOS PD, ROR FRA, AALALHLARPA
Bie AR AW; PRE L ED BR LF RRA MER fr 7A A, 4, FRE SAAR TMI A, 42500 FRELRAMILAR-MURBE x hà #9 3 J # #9 3x 14 1E, ỌP 4 vÀ tiỌ 3$ z4 là XL ÍL 1 #: Ế 22 f 9 SBI AEH ABH TAB #o 1Ị ìE vÀ % 3X 2 49 Ri MER, HAR ASE PD 1.1.3: 4 +43 2 m R 4 9 # %4 * #9 % fặ 7ự H Ư2 5 MAS i SHA RST OH TLE AE 3500 4~ v2 _L + 1# TỊ )L, # tế Ế # 3k4 d9 MR AFL FER RRR RFA HRA MH KH MFO HFA HK 20
PRAM PTR RRA PHARILVL SELIG FASO RRR
RA ZEMAPYVARSRAA 7A A LM fe SP) Fe 85 BE Ato
(z4 7& t? i#ặiỌ XL) #4 Z2 JÊ i6 4 vÀ 6 BỊ 8 6 BỊ vÀ TE 3) Ậ( 3> BỊ Jlị 49 X3 24 tả Ji
FERRE PNT ARK SEH OER EER fH DFM 1E FA o
Trang 9FAY Lesson | MR & Ở+z⁄⁄ ồF fA \ a <4 ` \ ì _ Ở BW Phonetics 1.8) Initials a o ee ÍỞ -i(zi) -i(zhi) u ủ
ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong
Trang 10Ở~ Boe Phonetics explanation
1 HMMA Initials and finals
La AY EK BB eH FS BE AY BE 2 TP SK A EY] SR BB ay Wy] Fy BE
A Chinese syllable is usually composed of an initial and a final The former is a con- sonant that begins the syllable and the latter is the rest of the syjlable
2 HE] Tones
PMBE THRE RRA OTS BAB ARR") 80ồ) PSR CY) BOBS) PRA BER
Tones are changes of pitch of syllables In the standard Chinese there are four basic tones, represented respectively by the following tone-graphs: the first tone (~ ), the sec-
ond tone (% ), the third tone ( ầ ) and the fourth tone ( Ổ) When a syllable is pro-
nounced in different tones, it has different meanings
3 Az Tone position
Ở* fắ H# Ở*7u ự Hị,, Z Hl?Ẩ Ế bRt 2U ự E : f Bi Í* BẺ BỊ 4x VI _E 7u ft tị ,E Mi bã #t 3: # 7u ỉf ( BỊ HúJ RE <É9 70) EƯ #l#1:mả, hồo.zuò 70% ¡ EZấ Ữ T1 g mỊ,'# 3: tý ¡ E89⁄bxZJL 3#1:mì.ng ¡.u 3fZI|RẨ, FE fRi$ặ1E Eắ il[ E9 ỘƑ
fei, fg lid Qui
When a syllable contains a single vowe! only, the tone-mark is placed above the
vowel sound When a syllable contain two or more vowels, the tone-mark should he
placed above the main vowel (the one pronounced more loudly and clearly), e g
=, 7
ỘmaỢ, ỘhaoỢ, ỘzudỢ When a tone-mark is placed above the vowel ỘiỢ, the dot over
it should be omitted, e.g ỘmiỢ, ỘjingỢ When ỘiuỢ or ỘuiỢ comes, the tone-mark should be placed above the terminal vowel, e.g ỘlidỢ, ỘguiỢ
4 ặ18 Tone changes
(DATES A eee EY WTRF BSA :nl Ndo Ở ni hao
A third tone, when immediately followed by another third tone, should be pro- nounced in the second tone, e.g Ni hdo Ở ni hao
(2) =7 #&%Ở-.- MỌIk*Ọ2Ậ#2 H30 tị, 52 n Ộ3È =PRỢ Ộ3=
PaỢ BEAL TBE 3k #đ -z75 HUfiỞ-3EWEDH ử|ffl:if[1 nĩmen -> nắnen
Trang 11A third tone, when followed by a first second or fourth tone, or by the majority of the neutral tones, usually becomes a half third tone, that is, the tone that only falls but
does nơi rise, e.g ỘẶ#KÍỳ] nĩmen -> nimenỢ
(3) 4S" BY 4 a} Changes of tones of Ộ7SỢ
ỘON FE VO 8 '7- Ni zÈ H 5? pH 3E 3 HJ #278 TE BA bu keqi (S#*q) #&?5 Ở., 7 MU 0113535 HƑỉ
ỘJXỢ is pronounced in the second tone when it precedes another fourth tone or a
neutral tone that is originally a fourth tone, e.g ỘbG kéqi'Ợ But it is pronounced in the
fourth tone when it precedes a first, second or third tone
5 455 Neutral tone
Piha HAH DE - XE Ất Ít F 4 % JR li, MBM, RB
Ậ#2Ƒặ 4*#niil*z fi a; xiéxie, bu keqi
In standard Chinese pronunciation, there are a number of syllables that lose their o- riginal tones and are pronounced soft and short This is known as the neutral tone which is
identified by the absence of a tone-mark, e.g Ộxiéxie, bd kègiỢ
=3 &4ÁỀ^Ã Pronunciation drills
Bis iam YER ANỢ WY Read out the following words, paying attention to
the tone of ỘASỢ;
bu ting (AF) bù suỡn (AB) bu xué (K #) bu tidn (ặ#) bu xié (AH) bu ku (A) bú suờn (4#) bú là (4#) bù gỡn bú jng(ệ##?#) bù wén bú wèn (* B ặ Rl) bu xi bU bei (BRA) bu fian bd stn (KRAR) 9 +i New words L 4% CAN) ni you
2 *Ặ (1) hăo well; good
3, 48 C48) nin yout polite )
Trang 12
5 teacher
6 Hit (8) xliexie to thank
7 A ( fa) bu not
8 &% CH) keqi polite; courteous
Trang 134.A: Zòijiòn f# M B: Zùòijiòn '# KL, 5 Qing jin zud ting shud dú xié m to -ặ 7 Hh zk & 2v SEAF = Notes [1] lo H#I&iễ tt fị m Ì5Ị, ffặ fl 3ý ô ÈÀ 8 ft fỊ 3 là tị À 5l ?Ị DÀ f HỊ 3| 23 BỊ El FE +i, AY aeỘ HR BFỢ o
It is a common greeting It may be used anywhere, at any time and by anybody
The answer to it from the person addressed to is also Ộ{*2fỢ
[2] &
Ộfe Fe ỘUeỢ Be Be OBR
Ộ4&Ợis a polite expression of Ộ{fỞỢ
Ộ #e- && 3 Comprehensive exercises
(Ở} @BsMReis Complete the dialogue according to each picture:
Trang 17
| a O ồ` i u ao i er | f fa fo Ẳ fu d | da | de , di | du | t ta te ti tu : n na w ne- ni nu nu | 1 la | le lị lu lũ : Ở~ %G*=% # Phonetics explanations 1 BAAS Dividing mark a.o,e #3 #1 ỉ Tìj# lỌ#H.lb # Ẩỉ H li HỊ, 4 TF ABO
A FARES AFR AB: TidnỖ Gnmén( RET)Ừ
* 0", ỘeỢ follows another syllable in such an
ambiguous way that the division of the two syllables could be confused, it is essential to
put a diyiding mark ỘỖỢ in between, e.g ỘTiG@nỖanmén Ợ
When a syllable beginning with Ộa
2.JLằ4% Retroflex final
ee RAM SAAAỞ BEARS RAIL E JLHBAM SK JES ag BEG l-r , fA| #R ; wónr( CJL) \nuar( 4B JL) ề
The final ỘerỢ is usually attached to another final to form a retroflex final and when thus used, it is no longer an mdependent syllable A retroflex final is represented by the
Trang 18(4)pì Ở pù (5)ta tè (6) lũ (7)da dì (8)mô_ mũ (9)nd nd 3.3#Va] Tone discrimination: (1)}bi bì (2)m6 md (3)pa pa (4) tt tu (5)nù na (6)lù Io (7)dé dé (8) fu fa (9)gè gè 4.UÚy xe HRZX Listen to the tape, then fill in the hlanks: (1) a (2) ủ (3) eu (4) oo (5S) Ì (6) se (7) i (8) i a (9) uu (10) ui is A) et (13}n (14)f _ Ở_ (15)p (16)! _ Ở_ (17)d (18)m - Q9)p bb ặ(20)d gi (210t yi (22)n_ p_ (233)0d yy (24)b 1 Si TAR BA +Ở =.= RRP) Read out the following syllables
(1st tone + lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th or the neutral tone):
Trang 19+ l2 bà ỔSoS ws `ẹ ẲG ể1I Ể wv bi} hi} 10.2 12.3838 13 3È, 14 ^Ẽ 15 # # 16 k3 17.1? 18.X 19.4% 20.35 A: Nĩ hảo ma? (Bh) (48) (Bi) (Bh) (ill) (4) (4) (BY) (10) (%) (40) (4) CR) (4) (4%) (4) CH) Ci) (#) (HZ) te HE HEN ma wd hén ne baba mama dõu tamen gége ta jiễjie ta diren dids mèimei móng lei è kẾ +19J New words (a particle used at the end of a question) J very
(a particle used at the end of special, al-
Trang 20: Wd nén hdo Ni ne? RAR 3Ặ 12 9219 : Wđ yỌề hến hóo RR +, {Ê BF, : Ni baba mama dou héo ma? tt EE AGH RH?
: Tamen yé dou hăn hăo
set] te apo! Ho, 2 : Ni mang ma? te te? : Wa bu mang RR tt 2x + [1]fặ #82
RAM RE DE-MERRE SRE -MATLAVRAAZH, Ộ fị #Ặ "É ?Ợ is a common greeting One of the commonly used answer is Ộ %& 4h 4Ợ
Trang 21_ ử6.Ợ ZR tk _L li W lá Ẩự ẬK t lhị lỗ Ấ
Ộ+++,Ợ is used to ask the same question as asked before [3] fh ff) th a RH
Ộan "FO MRỢ RGAE EG Ce Ma RUAW ZA
Ộah,Ợ and Ộ#8Ợ are only used before verbs and adjectives, after subjects
Ộ4h,Ợ a HSỢ 4B 6 Te] Ở AS oh eR A el BỊ ,Ộ A aỢ Bp
If Ội,Ợ and Ộ#Ợ both modify the same verb or adjective, Ộ+4,Ợ should precede ỘapỢ
+ sx & 4&2 Comprehensive exercises
Trang 24
Gi 8Ì ao OU | Ủn en ang | eng ong b bai bei | bao , ban | ben | bang | beng : _
p ! pai pel pao | pou pon pen pang peng 7 m mại , mei mao mou | man men mang meng -
f có fei fou fan fen | tong feng ;
d dai dei dao | dau Ộdan | den | dang | deng | dong t tai Ộta0 tou tan i tang teng | tong
n nơi nel neq | nau {| nan nen nang | neng | nong
| lai lei lao lou lan lang | feng longỢ
g gai gei gao | gou | gan | gen | gang : geng | gong
k | koi | kei | kao | kau | kan | ken kang i keng Ổkong |
Trang 25
3.3#33 9H Tone discrimination:
(1)fén tên (2)mớo mao
(3) lei lẽ: (4) bang bang (5)gẽn gén (6) héng héng (7)houfang hòufđỏng (8) kaifa kaifa
(9) lắkỏi likat (10) wtddo wuddo
4 st l2 Listen to the tape, then fill in the blanks; (1) a (2) en (3) ei (4) an (5) ang (6) _ eng (7) ue (8) an ai (9) ong ao (10) ang di (II) ang ai (12) ong ui (13)m - (14)p _ (15)! _ (16)! (17)p _ (18)d _~ (19)n h_ (20)b_ b (21)!t_ d_- (22)b_n - (23)m hh, (24)d pp
5 FARE PONG CB + Ở = GR REA) Read out the following sylla- bies (2nd tone + Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 4th or the nentral tone):
Trang 273 A: Ni mdi shénme? bénzi shi bi shũbảo MK WA? RF # ẹ tứ, B: W6 mai cidian #ệ #4 wR ,
Trang 30
ia | iao | ie | 6u | iăn| m liong| ng |iong| e | 0m `
Dom | _ |miqo mie | | miu mian min Ổming | c1
Ị _
d dido| die [| dịu dian | ding
t tao | tie tian | | ting |
n niao} nie | nụ | nian} nin |niang, ning | nue "mm | lia | Jiaa | lie | liu | tan; Jin }iang! ling lùe |
j jia je | ju Ậ jdan | jin |jiang} jing [jiong) jue | juan} jun
a | aia} | aie | qu [gian| ain laiand ging {aiong que [quan] qun
(x | xia | xie | xlu | xian xin | xiang | xing xiong| xue | xuơn| xun
Ở Was Phonetics explanations
LUA RA PETS AR AOE yo FRA ae BR:
Oyu dan yun uéỞyue an- yun
When ỘUỢ forms a syllable by itself or oceurs at the beginning of a syllable, it is
written as Ộ yuỖ, with the two dots of ỘUỢ dropped, e.g.ỘU-*yuỢ, ỘGan-yuanỢ, Ộue
Ở>yueỢ, Ộủn->yunỢ
2.¡H Hà #ỉ Tỉ Bị, Rữữ 12 1U E y; fE Ở #8 Tắ W ⁄kRjJ, SH yo BỳúH:i->yi,
ian yan
When ỘiỢ forms a syllable by itself, it is written as ỘyiỢ; when ỘiỢ occurs at the be- ginning of a syllable, it sbould be written as ỘyỢ, e.g ỘiyiỢ, Ộian-~yanỢ
3.iou #7Ộ BH ĐfH{ , H!:fRỊ U26? o # Nữ, Sĩ H iuv W9 ỮRffJựảỞ76 8 Lo PSH jC FL) (ou H3 TH, S B you, M32 RTE o LF, MM: youl)
The compound final ỘiouỢ is written as ỘiuỢ and the tone-mark is placed above the
last element, e.g Ộji(7L)Ợ When it forms a syllable by itself, it is written as ỘyouỢ
and the tone-mark is placed above ỘOoỢ, e.g ỘyOuCfi)Ợo
gu Ku hu
Trang 31
4.j.q.x ủ #Ù1 ủ #3 ứi 8 HH3 RÍ, 0 _È Bị #J Mi xã 44MWữ #|#t: jùziC#J
) xuéxi( 3# 3)
When Ộ , Ộq"
dots in ỘUỢ are dropped, e.g Ộjuzi(*J-f-)Ợ, Ộxuéx((4#-J)Ợ
Trang 325.BHìỌ F Zl' Tắ (5đ =PFE +Ở.Ở.=.PIEE ## ) (13)]_Ở_ (16)x (19)qgQ_ x (22)g_ q (14)x (17)qQ Ở_ (20)y x (23)j_ q (15)j Ở_ (18)x _ (21j_ j_Ở_ (24)q_ x
Read out the following sylla-
bles (3rd tone + Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 4th or the neutral tone) : Ở_Ở Ở Ở Ở Ww Nw =Ở ẹ \ẹ on HA BW NY mm 3rd + Ist, 2nd, 4tb or the neutral tone-~half 3rd tone + Ist, 2nd, 4th or the neutral tone Béijing (20%) jiandan (4 #) lxng ề(aR AT) Méigue (X8) képa ("T38 ) wănfòn (#44 ) xihuan (#x#) (AF) (2) =F + B= BIA + B= 3rd tone + 3rd tone ~ 2nd tone + 3rd tone yúfđ (3x) fuddo ( Fi -F) 73 New words ệ ( Bh oh) yao to want + (ử8) huàn to change
AR, (4) qian money
Trang 34
A: Liăng béi kaféi , dudéshda qian? yi ge bénzi lia mao
Rls ook, Ser 4X? Ở- KF x &
B: Wt kudi si ping pắiiu qi kudi ér x a & RS lũng gè midnbGo ba kudi 4ẹ: ứ 6 KR KR sũn bền cắdiỏn jishắ kuời = + WR Aut 3x (11m # ậữ 3# 3? ềẲ =ỢặuỘWỢãt É PE WKAR, ERMA KT HEE iW 4 BW) Ở MARỖ RAS ="
Both Ộ=Ợ and Ộ?ậỢ mean the number of two When Ộ2Ợ comes before a measure word
(or before a noun which needs no measure word before it), Ộ74Ợ is used instead of Ộnr,
+C Sx &Sk- Comprehensive exercises
(-)ARỞ-HARBMỞ-"RE"ỞB" Count from 1 to 100 in Chinese,
Trang 37easy Lesson 5 32 te RL vx i 1.58 Initials Ở 48 Phoncfics Z S zh ch 2.48 ~ Finals ua UO uei(ui) uan uenCun) uang ueng 3.48 Spelling
ud uo udi Let uan uen | uang | ueng
d duo dui duan | dun
t tuo tul tuan tun
n | nuo nuan
Trang 38
ud uo ual uôi uan uen | uang | ueng
| luo luan lun
g gua quo qudi Qui guan | gun | quang k kua kuo kudi kul kuan kun ¡ kuang h hua huo huai hui huan | hun | huang
Z Zuo Zul zuan zun
Cc CuO cut cuan cun
S SUO Sui suan sun
zh zhua | zhuo | zhuai | zhui | zhuan | zhun |zhuang ch chua | chuo | chuai | chui chuơn chun |chuang
sh shua | shuo | shuai | shui | shuan} shun |shuang _ ể | ruo rul ruan run
Ở ệt Phonetics explanations
1.u nề T?RẨ, Nữ 3ự E w;fặỞ T # 17 xHẨ, SH wv ĐlÉ1:u->wu,
uUdgnỞ- Won
When ỘuỢ forms a syllable by itself, it should be written as ỘwuỢ; when ỘuỢ oc-
curs at the beginning of a syllable, it is written as ỘwỖ, e.g.ỘUỞWwuỢ , Ộuan-*wanỢ +
2.uei ,uen E8 Ƒả E} 4B ĐfH{ , rẨ lh| 4) 30 Ee 4 RS a uivun #9) 80: hul( I} zhtin
CHE)
ỘueiỢ and ỘuenỢ , when preceded by an initial, are written as ỘUiỢ and ỘunỢ re- spectively, e.g Ộhui( fl)Ợ, Ộzhtin( 4E)Ợ
3,.ỘỞ-" EH) ie] Changes of tones of ỘỞỢ
ỘỞ" PAS AY Te ia, BQN: yi(Ở) EBS HR SOREN BES HUIS Ở FS PIR: yi ge(Ở+) EAỞ.C SMR OE , olan: yi faen(Ở 4d) yl ping( ỞHi) yi bén(Ở 4),
Trang 39
The word ỘỞỢ is normally pronounced in the first tone, e.g Ộyl(Ở)}Ợ When is followed by a syllable in the fonrth tone, or by a syllable in the neutral tone
transformed from the fourth tone, it is pronounced in the second tone, e.g Ộyi geé(Ở
ae Ở"
4)Ợ When ỘỞỢ is followed by a syllable in the first, the second or the third tone, it is pronounced in the fourth tone, e.g Ộyì tên(-2Ẩ)Ợ, Ộvì pắng(ỞXậ)Ợ, Ộyì bền (Ởệ%)Ợ = G@S83 Pronunciation drills 1.3ằ 724 Initial discrimination; (1)zu su (2) sul Cul (3) cún chún (4) shuò ruò
(5)zhuữn zuan (6) chu zhu (7)chõodq zhỏodf (8)suđxiăo cuỏxiăo
(9) qiúchăng qiúzhăng (10) jiézhù jiéshù
(11)zú zhuli (12) mucdi muchdi
(13)sangyé shữngyè (14)chócuò = chdzud
2 894: Final diserimination:
(1)sũ SUỷ (2)wén wéng
(3)zhuăn zhuăng (4)chuõi chuỉ
(5) shuõ shuỏi (6)zuăn zun
(7) chudn shang chuangshang (8) z0zi zulzi
(9) shuGijido shuijido (10)zhuỏđzhù zhuõzhù
3.37878 Tone discrimination:
(1)suan suan (2) cud cud
(3) rt rú (4)shuõng shuăng
(5)zhũ zhù (6)ruì rul
(7)zhéngjié zhengjié (8)chuGnqi chuóndắ
(9)xInsuGn xinsuòn (10)sixidng Ở sixiang
Trang 40AÁ: (1) sua (3) ư (5) (7) GU (9) uún uõ (11) uò_ úũ (13)c _ (15)zh (17)2h_ - (19)r or (21)s sh_ (23)ch = 2hỢ B: (1) ũn_ uũng (3) iớn_ éng (5) m_ ng (7) uõđ ìng (9) ta è (11) ì_ ùn 4 Up ae S23 Listen to the tape, then fill in the blanks: (2) oO (4) ud (6) _suaing (8) ud U (10) owt sf (12) wu ub (14)Z2 (16)sh (18)ch_ _ (20)sh zh_ _ (22)z2h zh_ (24)z2 ch_ (2) ắ lề (44) ũ_ _ắ (6) ắ _ ing (8) _ lồn si (10) è_ _ làng (12) do òi
5 PE PF Zụl 3 (p8 + Ở,Ở = p7 8#4ẶZ) Read out the following sylla-
bles (4th tone + Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 4th or the neutral tone) ;
qiché (A#) dajia (KR)
lianxi ( #& 3 ) wenti ( =] 28)
Hònyù (3#) bàozhiI (i##&4)
zòijiùn (#4) zhuyi (32%) méimei (44K) jingzi (4% F )
6 BABE F Fi al , EeỘ ỞỢ BYE PA Read out the following phrases, paying attention
to the changes of tones of ỘỞỢ:
yizhi tonggué (Ở iH it)
32
(-AF#)