THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
1 INTRODUCTION Necessity of the research In the process of socio-economic development of each country, the land acquisition to serve the purposes of national defense and security and socio-economic development such as the construction of industrial parks, economic zones, and manufacturing, urban areas is a necessity The greater the need for socio-economic development, the higher the demand for land acquisition and become a great challenge for each country in terms of food security, social security, social order and safety and people's livelihood Compensation and support when the State recovers land is a controversial issue because it is directly related to the relationship of interests between the State, investors and land owners The acquisition of land, compensation and support is increasingly appearing in contradictions, the main reason is that the satisfaction of people have not been harmoniously resolved when receiving compensation and support According to the studies of Kotilainen (2011), Xinliang (2012), Oladapo and Ige (2012), the level of compensation or the difference between the compensation amount and the market value of the land is a major factor leading to dissatisfaction of the people; the dissatisfaction has caused social conflicts, creating disagreement of people in each project to acquire land According to Kakulu (2008), the community will be dissatisfied with the compensation for land acquisition if it is related to coercion or dispute The issue of satisfaction or dissatisfaction is very important in the field of public and private service delivery; the consequences of people's dissatisfaction in service delivery are very serious Hoyer and Maclnns (2001) have shown that if people are not satisfied with the service provided, they can stop using the service, but in land acquisition projects, it can create People's resistance, refusal to hand over the ground, prolonged lawsuits, and delays in the implementation of investment projects The main factors affecting people's satisfaction in land compensation are: compensation levels, compensation procedures and compensation methods (Wang, 2013) Some other studies have shown that satisfaction in compensation and support is different, including: personal income characteristics; employment, social cohesion; sociocultural; the infrastructure; public utility services; natural environment; health; land - housing; local government (Qin et al., 2016; Ibem and Aduwo, 2013) According to Kotler et al (2002), citizen satisfaction is a person's feeling of satisfaction or dissatisfaction when comparing a perceived performance of products and services with the customer's expectations Therefore, if the results received not meet the expectations, the people will feel unsatisfied and if the results meet the expectations, it means the people are satisfied In land acquisition, “dissatisfaction” is a state or feeling of discomfort or dissatisfaction or dissatisfaction with the level of compensation and support or the procedures applied, which represents a state of dissatisfaction with the compulsory land acquisition processes The parties with an interest in the acquired land may not be satisfied with many problems It is very important that the people are satisfied with the public services of the State, with the policies and laws of the Party and the State Making people satisfied will affect all aspects of the organization's activities such as increasing work efficiency because satisfied people will have more positive attitudes and better behavior People's satisfaction will contribute to maintaining and stabilizing social order People will be less excited from the outside, people will appreciate the collective interests because when they want to stick together, they will "take care", "build" and "protect" their common home When people are satisfied in the compensation and support since the State recovers their land, they will cooperate and behave better with the State and the project investor, they will also communicate the policy of land acquisition, compensation and support to the outside, which positively affecting other households In Vietnam, with the ownership of land, of which the State is the representative of the owner; The State allocates land to organizations, households and individuals to use and recover land in necessary cases for the purposes of national defense and security, for socio-economic development, for the national and public interest In the process of socio-economic development, accelerating the implementation of industrialization and modernization of the country, every year, Vietnam has to recover a large area of agricultural and non-agricultural land to implement development projects, such as: industrial development, infrastructure development, construction of urban areas, residential areas The policy of compensation and support when the State recovers land has been paid attention and built in the direction of better ensuring the rights of people when their land is recovered as the land price for compensation calculation is regulated according to the principle of conformity, with the common land transfer price on the market; in addition to compensation, they are also supported with vocational training, job change and job creation, support for life stabilization, production, and resettlement support depending on the origin and process of land management and use (From Articles 74 to Article 94 of the 2013 Land Law) However, in fact, in recent times, the compensation and support when the State recovers land to implement investment projects, including large and key projects of central and local governments, is still delayed, congested; there are projects implementing land acquisition over or 10 years have not completed site clearance because the person whose land is recovered has not yet reached the satisfaction of the level of compensation and support, compensation method; organizing the implementation of compensation and support and being satisfied with life changes after the land is recovered, leading to complaints, delay in handing over the ground, causing investment capital, greatly affecting the implementation of investment projects; the consensus level of people also varies by region, education level, type of project when acquiring land Identifying and understanding the reality of people's satisfaction in the implementation of compensation and support when the State recovers land, satisfaction in different aspects, leading to consensus will positively promote compensation progress, site clearance to carry out investment projects for socioeconomic development and help people whose land is recovered have a more positive view on compensation and support policies as well as how to proceed before and after land acquisition, will contribute to reducing the complaints and frustrations of people whose land has been acquired In Vietnam, there have been quite a number of studies on people's satisfaction in the fields of providing educational services, health care, products and goods, etc., which focused on building scales to measure people's satisfaction on assessing service quality or people's satisfaction in using specific services However, there has been no research to apply theories and scales to analyze the factors constituting people's satisfaction compensation and support when the State recovers land, not simultaneously analyzing the relationships between factors constituting people's satisfaction with groups of people's characteristics; have not considered the change in people's life, the change in land price after acquisition as well as the intrinsic factors of people to the satisfaction when the State recovers the land Stemming from the above fact, in order to contribute to the generalization of the theoretical basis of people's satisfaction in the compensation and support when the State recovers the land; identify factors and measure the satisfaction level of the people in the compensation and support when the State recovers the land, in order to have a basis for recommending amendments to policies and laws on land in Vietnam today, the author has chosen the topic "A study on people's satisfaction in compensation and support when the State recovers land" as a research content for his thesis Research objectives 2.1 General objective Studying the factors constituting satisfaction and assessing the level of satisfaction of people in the compensation and support when the State recovers land in order to recommend policy adjustments to suit the conditions of Vietnam 4 2.2 Detailed objective Firstly, study the factors constituting satisfaction and develop a scale to assess the satisfaction of people in the compensation and support when the State recovers land in accordance with Vietnam’s land use policies, laws and management regimes Secondly, assess the level of general satisfaction and the level of satisfaction according to the groups of factors constituting the satisfaction of people in the compensation and support when the State recovers the land And finally, the study gives some recommendations to adjust the policy of compensation and support when the State recovers land to suit the conditions of Vietnam Research object and scope 3.1 Research object The object of the research is the satisfaction and the constitutive factors to the satisfaction of the people in the compensation and support when the State recovers the land 3.2.Scope of the study - Regarding the scope of research: The thesis focuses on studying the satisfaction of people in the compensation and support when the State recovers land to serve socio-economic development for the national and public interests of Vietnam; the thesis did not study the case of land acquisition due to violation of land law and affected people outside the boundaries of land acquisition - About the research period: From 2016 to 2020 New contributions of the thesis 4.1 New academic and theoretical contributions Research has been based on satisfaction theories (Lewin, 1975; Peyton et al., 2003; Hovlva et al., 1957; Kotler et al.; 1996), equity theories (Adams, 1963, 1966; Colquitt et al., 2005) and from the results of qualitative research through in-depth interviews with representatives of state management agencies, experts, investors and households whose land is acquired; the research added and discussed the factors constituting the satisfaction of people in compensation and support when the State recovers land, including: (1) Satisfaction about the level of compensation and support; (2) compensation method; (3) organizing the implementation of compensation and support and (4) change of life after land acquisition 4.2 New findings and suggestions drawn from the study The research results have shown that: i) Through the analysis of EFA and CFA, it shows the general satisfaction, satisfaction about compensation and support levels, compensation methods, compensation and support implementation organization, changes in life after land acquisition is at low level Besides, there are still some households with positive satisfaction because they benefit from land acquisition ii) Through the use of ANOVA analysis of variance and multivariable regression, it shows that the satisfaction of people in compensation and support when the State recovers land has differences according to population groups such as professional and technical qualifications and by region On the basis of the main findings from the research results, the thesis has made the following policy implications for stakeholders, as follows: i) It is necessary to ensure an adequate level of compensation and support for people whose land is recovered, according to which: the land caculation for compensatio must be consistent with the market land price, fully calculate the damage to assets attached to the land; the supports must meet the goals of stabilizing life, production and sustainable development ii) Diversifying compensation methods, focusing on preparing land and house funds to promptly meet people's needs iii) The organization of implementation of compensation and support must be public, transparent, timely, in accordance with the provisions of law and with the participation of the people; must improve the capacity and responsibilities of organizations in charge of compensation and support and resettlement when the State recovers land iv) Strengthening the State management of land and improving the efficiency of land revenue Increasing the satisfaction of people in the compensation and support when the State recovers the land, will help speed up the implementation of investment projects, contributing to the socio-economic development of the country Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, appendices, list of references, the thesis is presented in chapters as follows: Chapter 1: Theoretical basis and research overview on people's satisfaction in compensation and support when the State recovers land Chapter 2: Research Methodology Chapter 3: Evaluation of people's satisfaction in compensation and support when the State recovers land Chapter 4: Some recommendations from the research results 6 CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BASIS AND RESEARCH OVERVIEW ON PEOPLE'S SATISFACTION IN COMPENSATION AND SUPPORT WHEN THE STATE RECOVERS LAND 1.1 Satisfaction and theories related to satisfaction 1.1.1 Satisfaction Satisfaction is a concept that has appeared in many fields such as employees’ satisfaction assessment, hospital patient satisfaction rating and Website evaluation by different visitors’ satisfaction Satisfaction is an evaluation process between what has been received and what is expected (Parker and Mathews, 2001) Satisfaction can be precisely defined as the perceived difference between aspiration and achievement (Campbell et al., 1976) Satisfaction is governed not only by physical aspects but also by the ability to form social networks Satsangi and Kearns (1992), defined people's satisfaction as a psychological aspect, customer satisfaction as a complex attitude In addition, Lu (1999) defined people's satisfaction as a complex cognitive construct Satisfaction of people's in this study is defined as the feeling of contentment when people can get what people need or want compared to what people actually get 1.1.2 People's satisfaction in compensation and support when the State recovers land Satisfaction about compensation and support The level of compensation and support is a decisive factor in economic benefits for people whose land is acquired, which is a factor that greatly affects people's satisfaction The level of compensation and support that people receive when the State recovers land is to restore the value of assets (land, houses, architectural works, etc.), living sources, material and spiritual benefits due to project implementation process Satisfaction about compensation method From researches around the world, it can be seen that the method of compensation can be in the following ways: monetary compensation paid in a lump sum, monetary compensation at defined intervals, monetary compensation combined with partial compensation in land and finally through payment methods such as social security payments With each type of compensation, people who receive compensation from land acquisition also have different satisfaction It is possible to be at the same level of compensation, but the satisfaction of households is different according to the mode of compensation 7 Satisfaction about the organization implementing compensation and support In addition to the level of compensation and support, the process of organizing and implementing compensation and support is also one of the important factors affecting people's satisfaction in land acquisition If the compensation organization can create trust, create loyalty and support of the people, it will have a huge spillover effect in land acquisition and compensation activities If officials provide support and enthusiasm to deal with the opinions of affected landowners, it will help people have more sympathy and create better support Satisfaction about changing life If land acquisition projects ensure some aspects of quality of life such as family living conditions, social benefits, public facilities and the environment, people will feel satisfied Moreover, besides the land money they are compensated for, the fact that they have conditions to change their lives beyond their expectations also help them become better and more satisfied (Hu et al., 2014) People's satisfaction according to household characteristics Many studies have shown that people's satisfaction in compensation and support can be different according to some characteristics of households such as: Occupational, Technical qualification, Regional characteristics 1.1.3 Theories related to satisfaction Equity theory Equity theory is the fair and equal distribution of wages and bonuses of employees Today, many studies show that, not only the salary, but also the employees pay much attention to the working environment, promotion opportunities, and position All of these are reflected in the management decisions that are reasonable, clear, and equal Assimilation theory Consumers can also reduce dissatisfaction caused by discrepancies between expectations and product performance by altering expectations to coincide with perceived product performance or by increasing satisfaction by ways to minimize the relative importance of experienced dissatisfaction Contrast theory Contrast theory hypothesized that post-use rating results lead to opposite predictions about the impact of expectations on satisfaction 8 Assimilation contrast theory This theory is a combination of both assimilation theory and contrast theory; The model assumes that satisfaction is a function of the degree of difference between expected performance and perceived performance Difference theory The theory of divergence states that if performance exceeds expectations, the user will be positively confirmed or satisfied 1.2 Overview of the research on people's satisfaction in compensation and support when the State recovers land Researchers and scholars around the world have tried to explore and discover the core characteristics and factors that affect the satisfaction of people whose land is acquired to carry out projects which serve the interests of the State and the Public Understanding the aspects of satisfaction for people whose land is acquired is the key to finding a premise to resolve conflicts of interest between stakeholders, that is, the government and the people whose land has been acquired Satisfaction about compensation and support According to Kakulu (2008), the community will be dissatisfied with the level of compensation if coercion or dispute is involved In addition, in the research of Robinson (1995) it is also shown that if the compensation is adequate and higher, the owner will welcome the land acquisition Oladapo and Ige (2012) show a large disparity between the mean of compensation and the market value of the recovered property, while the relative satisfaction index of the indemnified party for the level of compensation paid is below the acceptable level of satisfaction Inadequate compensation is the main cause of social conflicts stemming from land acquisition by the State, and this is also the main challenge in every land acquisition project Studies show that the standard of living of land owners goes down a lot after land acquisition To ensure that land acquisition is conducted legally, proper and adequate compensation to the landowner must be ensured Odalapo and Ige (2012) also pointed out clearly that the difference between compensation level and market price is a sensitive issue Song QU et al (2015), show that some key findings are: (1) the satisfaction of farmers with compensation depends not only on the level of compensation but also on the gap between compensation prices and market value of the acquired land; (2) the amount of compensation positively affects the satisfaction of farmers when using the form of social security compensation, but does not affect the satisfaction of the farmers when using other forms of compensation 9 Satisfaction about compensation method According to Ning Chai (2019), three compensation methods are usually applied - including monetary compensation, property replacement compensation and resettlement compensation The results of this study can help local authorities in the future develop standards and reasonable compensation methods for expropriated land and properties The expropriated farmers chose more satisfying monetary compensation than housing compensation Li, NH (2018), showed that the satisfaction of the compensation method is low, the author also recommends to establish and improve the updated mechanism on the land compensation method and the land acquisition decision-making mechanism, as well as improving security mechanisms for farmers who lost their land With Kotilainen (2012), the agreement will be favored by the landowner in case there is more than one alternative (not just money, possibly land compensation) The theoretical basis of compensation may be different between agreement and enforcement Landowners are eager to have the opportunity to negotiate with a third party rather than with a representative from the Finnra road authority The ability to use a mediator can also be very helpful Satisfaction about the quality of compensation and support organization when the State recovers land and the participation of the people Tyagi and Shinde (2016) suggest that: (1) Provisions should be made to address the opinions of affected landowners; (2) Provisions should be made to help local people understand the plan for land acquisition; (3) There should be a manual to educate people on the adjustment policy, the process of land reallocation and compensation for land acquisition, compensation payment schedule, land donation, resettlement plan and construction sites as well as the timeframe; (4) it is necessary to explain and clarify relevant laws and regulations to affected people before land acquisition; (5) The failure of the plan was due to conflicts of interest and also to unclear government policies; (6) Public participation is very important According to Xianling (2012), it is pointed out that it is the imperfect organizational system, the Government's monopoly, or the Government's intervention that has created people's dissatisfaction when the State acquires land Imrie and Thomas (1997) (in the study of Kotilainen, 2012) indicated that the notification and enforcement in compensation and support are important factors leading to people's satisfaction In contrast, in Ghana, people's dissatisfaction in land acquisition projects is often associated with complaints such as non-compliance with rules and procedures, inadequate compensation payment and non-participation of the landowner The author 10 Wang, X (2013), gave the scale variables of farmers' satisfaction with land acquisition compensation from the perspective of implementation organization, that is: reliability and responsiveness The satisfaction in compensation and support when the State recovers land is different according to the characteristics of the people Some studies by Qin et al (2016), Jesser (1967), Marans and Rodger (1975), Ladewig and McCann, (1980), Brown (1999); indicate that satisfaction has differences according to a number of factors such as age, education level, the place where people live, and purpose of the land In addition, education level as well as job status can strongly influence individual income levels, health status, and knowledge of related policies (Bohnke, 2005) Satisfaction can be different according to groups of factors: internal factors of people, level of income; employment, livelihood ability; financial security for retirement; social cohesion; infrastructure quality; public utility services; natural environment; health; land - housing conditions; the role of local government; people's participation also affects people's satisfaction in compensation when the State recovers land For the studies in Vietnam: - From the point of view of state management of land, the author Dao Trung Chinh (2014) proposed solutions in solving, supporting and resettling people by clarifying the purpose of land acquisition, clarifying the relationship of interests between the person whose land has been recovered - the State - the investor, and finally, it is necessary to have clear regulations on compensation and support and resettlement for people whose land is recovered - From the perspective of land users, currently in Vietnam, there have been a number of studies on people’s satisfaction in compensition and site clearance through a number of factors such as: tangiable means, reliablity, ability responsiveness, service capacity, empathy level and group of factors of compensation price Inefficient compenstion methods, lack of productive land and lack of alternatives for people’s livehood lead to people not cooperating and resisting the State’s land acquisition In addtion, the issue of group interests between the Government and investors also affects the satisfaction of people in compensation and support when the State recovers the land 1.3 Gaps to be studied in Vietnam A number of international studies have given some aspects to assess satisfaction in different aspects In Vietnam, there has not been any research on building the factors constituting satisfaction and there are no specific criteria (scale variables) 11 suitable for the Vietnamese context In addition, there are few studies in Vietnam that examine the satisfaction of people in the State's compensation and support when acquiring land, which is different according to the characteristics of the households whose land is recovered such as occupation, education level of professional or the place of residence of the person whose land is acquired Thus, the identification of the constituent elements and evaluation criteria as well as the assessment of people's satisfaction, and people's satisfaction differ by groups in the compensation and support is the gap that the thesis will focus on applying theory to practical research for review and evaluation On that basis, there are assessments and policy recommendations to ensure theory and practice, suitable to the context of Vietnam 1.4 Proposed research framework From the research objectives of the thesis, based on the results of the research overview, the theories of satisfaction and the land use and management regime of Vietnam, the thesis builds the following analytical framework: SATISFACTION ABOUT COMPENSATION AND SUPPORT SATISFACTION ABOUT COMPENSATION AND SUPPORT METHOD SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION GENERAL SATISFACTION Other factors: - Occupation - Level - Region SATISFACTION OF - Purpose of project LIFE CHANGE - Changes in land prices Figure 1.1 Framework for analyzing the satisfaction of people in compensation and support when the State recovers land 12 CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.1 Overall study design 2.1.1 Research methodology Qualitative research is used to help the author learn deeply about relevant policies, research on the factors that form people's satisfaction, the factors that affect people's satisfaction from the perspective of policy makers, investors and people whose land has been acquired Quantitative research is carried out through the method of surveying the opinions of people in the area whose land is acquired according to the research contents 2.1.2 Survey area In order to assess the satisfaction of people in compensation and support when the State recovers land, the thesis carries out the research in Hanoi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City These are the areas where many land acquisition projects have been implemented for socio-economic development and are the areas with many complaints from people during the State's land acquisition process 2.2 Qualitative research 2.2.1 Objectives of qualitative research Firstly, find out about the status of satisfaction of people in the compensation and support when the State recovers the land Secondly, adjust and supplement the scale variables in accordance with the research context in Vietnam Third, supplement, clarify and explain the quantitative research results 2.2.2 Research design 2.2.2.1 Research methodology In-depth interview method for state management agencies and investors to review and evaluate the process of compensation and support when the State recovers land Besides, it is surveying, assessing the satisfaction of the people, as well as understanding the satisfaction aspects of the people whose land is acquired and compensated 2.2.2.2 Research subject and content Qualitative research using in-depth interview techniques for the following two groups of subjects: i) state management agencies and investors; ii) representative of 13 households whose land is acquired, each household will interview one person with full civil act capacity who can represent the views of the household, the results obtained will be assumed to be representative of the population in the study area 2.2.2.3 Number of participants The number of respondents participating in qualitative interviews is shown in the table below The average time for an interview lasts from 60 minutes to 120 minutes Table 3.1 Description of the qualitative survey sample N0 Description Group 1: Experts, State managers Lecturers, researchers State management officers at General Department of Land Management Managers of Departments of Natural Resources and Environment of Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang Investor representative (1 person/province) Group 2: Representative of the household Representative of households whose land is acquired in Hanoi city Representative of households whose land has been acquired in Ho Chi Minh City Representative of households whose land is acquired in Da Nang city Total number of samples and calls 10 2 3 12 4 (Source: Author's compilation) 2.2.2.4 Information collection Collecting secondary information: related to research topics, reports and articles related to satisfaction in general and satisfaction in compensation and support when acquiring land in particular Primary information collection: collected from information collection methods such as in-depth interviews or surveys through questionnaires to collect direct and multi-dimensional information, from many angles and perspectives of each person about the satisfaction of households are compensated when the State recovers land 14 2.2.3 Scale development Satisfaction scale of compensation and support On the basis of the results of the overview and qualitative research, in this study, the level of compensation and support is measured through variables: (1) Compensation price for land; (2) Compensation price for assets attached to land; (3) Cost of investment in land in case no compensation for land is given; (4) The level of support to stabilize life, production and job change to create jobs Satisfaction scale of compensation method In Vietnam, according to the law on land, there are several methods: compensation in money, compensation in land or compensation in house Therefore, the thesis considers people's satisfaction according to the group of compensation methods including variables: (1) monetary compensation; (2) compensation in land; (3) compensation by house Satisfaction scale on organization of implementing compensation and support The thesis inherits the scale of the previous researched authors, based on the provisions of land law and qualitative research results, the group of compensation and support organizations used in this study includes variables: 1) Collecting people's opinions on compensation and support, and resettlement plans; (2) Receiving people's opinions on the compensation and support, and resettlement plans; (3) Implementing the plan of compensation and support and resettlement openly and transparently; (4) Timely settling people's complaints; (5) The capacity of officials performing the task of compensation and support; (6) The participation of the government, socio-political organizations in land acquisition, compensation and support (7) polite, courteous and friendly staff approach people Life change scale The study proposes 04 variables on the scale for "Change in life" as follows: (1) money from compensation and support creates favorable conditions for families to improve their accommodation and stabilize their lives; (2) Finding new jobs, developing production, stable and increasing earning than before; (3) Accessing to traffic, cultural works, public welfare is more favorable than before; (4) Environmental and intellectual conditions are more favorable than before People's satisfaction differs according to a number of factors: land acquisition purposes; academic level; occupation and land prices change 15 Land compensation price Compensation price for assets attached to land Support level for people whose land is acquired Satisfaction about the level of compensation and support Compensation by cash Compensation by land Compensation by housing Satisfaction about the method of compensation Satisfaction Collect people’s opinions Receiving people's opinions Implemented publicly, transparently Timely settlement of people's complaints Satisfaction about the organization implementing compensation and support Other factors - Occupation Competence of staff - Level Participation of the Government and political-social organizations - Region Staff approach people politely, courteously, friendly Satisfaction about the change in household's living conditions New accommodation New jobs, production development Access to transport, cultural works, public welfare Changing in the environment, people's intellectual level Figure 2.1 Research models - Project purpose - Changes in land price 16 2.3 Quantitative research 2.3.1 Quantitative research goals The objective is to determine the factors affecting the satisfaction of people in compensation and support when the State recovers land to implement investment projects Simultaneously, hypothesis testing to determine different levels of influence of factors on people whose land is acquired, as well as hypothesis testing to consider whether there are differences in factors to satisfaction when State recovers land 2.3.2 Quantitative research design Quantitative research design focuses on the design of observed variables, measurement methods, methods of assessment, analysis and explanation of the relationships between variables by quantitative relationships 2.3.2.1 Sample research The survey sample put into use for the thesis is 540 household representatives, of which 188 households are represented in Hanoi city, 177 household representatives in Ho Chi Minh city and 175 household representatives in Da Nang city 2.3.2.2 Methods of data collection and analysis Quantitative research with data collection method is mainly through questionnaires The questionnaire was developed based on the studied scales The survey will be carried out from March 2019 to August 2019 The information from the survey will be entered into the computer through the CSPro data entry software design, and cleaned and checked for logic using SPSS before analyzing Using a quantitative approach helps to test relationships and thereby draw evidence-based conclusions Descriptive statistical analysis The study carried out descriptive statistical analysis of the observed variables through the following criteria: maximum value, minimum value, mean value and standard deviation Checking the scale To ensure the quality of the scale ready for analysis and testing of the mean value between groups for the variable of general satisfaction, the author uses a combination of two analytical methods: exploratory factor (EFA) ) and confirmatory discovery factor (CFA) 17 2.3.2.3 Statistical test results Exploratory factor analysis According to the results of factor analysis, the coefficient KMO is 0.715>0.5 Thus, factor analysis is suitable with the research data Barlett's test results are: 2471.242 with significance level: sig=0.000 50%: Satisfied, it can be said that these factors explain 54.34% of the variability of the collected data The Eigenvalues coefficient > has all factors, so there are representative factors (Level of compensation and support; Change in living conditions of people after land acquisition; Implementation organization; compensation method) Model of fitness level and metrics of model fitness level The above CFA results show that: Chi-square is 217,280 (p=0,000); Chisquare/df is 1.923
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