Tiểu luận CHUYÊN ĐỀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP DẠY HỌC HOÁ HỌC BẰNG TIẾNG ANH Ở TRƯỜNG THPT Chuyên ngành: Lí luận và Phương pháp dạy học bộ môn Hóa học GIÁO ÁN DẠY HỌC CHỦ ĐỀ HOÁ HỌC BẰNG TIẾNG ANH. ............................................................................................................................ Tiểu luận CHUYÊN ĐỀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP DẠY HỌC HOÁ HỌC BẰNG TIẾNG ANH Ở TRƯỜNG THPT Chuyên ngành: Lí luận và Phương pháp dạy học bộ môn Hóa học GIÁO ÁN DẠY HỌC CHỦ ĐỀ HOÁ HỌC BẰNG TIẾNG ANH. ............................................................................................................................
BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC VINH - HỌC VIÊN: NGUYỄN TRUNG QUÂN Tiểu luận CHUYÊN ĐỀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP DẠY HỌC HOÁ HỌC BẰNG TIẾNG ANH Ở TRƯỜNG THPT Chuyên ngành: Lí luận Phương pháp dạy học mơn Hóa học LỚP CAO HỌC 27 (Vinh) Lesson 29: OXI – OZON I OBJECTIVES Knowledge is required - Know the position and configuration of the outermost layer of eletron; Physical properties, chemical properties, natural state, application of oxygen; Method of oxygen preparation in laboratories and in industry - Understand the cause of oxygen being a strong nonmetallic; very strong oxidizing (oxidizing most metals (except Au, Ag, Pt ), nonmetals (except for halogens), many organic inorganic compounds) - Complete application of chemical equations on the chemical and preparation properties of oxygen - Know ozone is oxidant and understand the oxidation of ozone is stronger than the oxygen Skill is required - Predict, test and conclude about the chemical properties of oxygen through structural characteristics and reactions, illustrated experiments - Developing the capacity of the content research group operation; contact the reality to understand the role and application of oxygen with science and technology and life from which propose measures to protect the environment - Developing observation and visual competence to grasp and apply knowledge to specific issues - Applying knowledge and thinking to complete chemical equations illustrating the chemical properties and preparation of oxygen - Get an overview of ozone, about its properties and its role in science and technology and life II VOCABULARY Tiếng Việt Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt Tiếng Anh Trạng thái Status Chất khí Gases Phi kim Non-Metallic Oxi hóa Oxidant Độ âm điện Acoustic power Hầu hết Most Vô Inorganic Hữu Organic Kim loại Metal Dự đoán Predict Quan sát Phenomenon Kiểm tra Check Hiện tượng Phenomenon Phản ứng Response Quan sát Observe Vai trò Role Sự cháy The fire Sự sống The Life Độ tan Solubility Bảo vệ Protect Vị trí Location Cấu tạo Structuring Nguyên tử Atomic Phân tử Molecules Khơng màu Colorless Khơng mùi Odorless Hóa lỏng Liquefaction Khơng vị Not taste Tác dụng Effects Trình bày Presented Ứng dụng Application Điều chế Institutional Chưng cất Distillation Phân đoạn Segment III EXPRESSIONS Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt oxygen in life on earth oxy sống trái đất environmental protection measures Các biện pháp bảo vệ môi trường exists in molecular form tồn dạng phân tử Little soluble in water Ít tan nước Effects are many non-metallic Tác dụng nhiều phi kim Most metal effects Tác dụng hầu hết kim loại Effects on compounds Tác dụng với hợp chất Has strong oxidant có tính oxi hóa mạnh In the lab Trong phịng thí nghiệm Decomposition Heat nhiệt phân hủy Oxygen-rich compounds hợp chất giàu oxi Less heat-resistant bền nhiệt In industry Trong công nghiệp Liquid Air Khơng khí lỏng Water-feces Điện phân nước Dilute air Khơng khí lỗng The higher the Càng lên cao System Chemistry Hệ thống hóa IV PLAN OF TEACHING Activity 1: (5 minutes) Start the lesson Show students videos of the role oxygen plays on life on earth Purpose: 1) Students see the role of oxygen in life on earth 2) Students propose environmental protection measures 3) Go to post Activity 2: (20 minutes) New post activity Class divided into groups of content research teachers assigned GROUP 1: Research and present content about the location, structural characteristics and physical properties of oxygen Teacher and student Activities Knowledge to meet - Teachers organize, track and instruct A OXI students to discuss content research I LOCATION AND STRUCTURE groups - Location, atomic structure - Students discuss content research groups Location 8th Box under the guidance of teachers VIA Group - Teachers for students see BTH Cycle Electron configuration of 2 oxygen:1s 2s 2p ⇒ The oxygen has 6e outer layer - Molecular structure: oxygen exists in molecular form gg Determine the location of the oxygen gg : O : : O : → O = O → O2 II PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - Colorless and odorless gases; Sustain life, fire and d= 32 ≈ 1,1 29 - Slightly heavier than air times - tliquefied = -1800C - Little soluble in water GROUP 2: Study and present content on the outermost characteristics, electrical tones and chemical properties of oxygen - Teachers organize, track and instruct III CHEMICAL PROPERTIES students to discuss content research - The oxygen has 6e overchilled groups - There is a power sound = 3.44 (only Students discuss content research lost Flo) groups under the guidance of teachers ⇒ Oxygen has a strong oxidant The effect with metals - Teacher for laboratory Viewer: oxygen Most metal-excluded effects: Au, Ag, effects with Fe (when students present Pt 0 +2 −2 content) t Mg + O → Mg O 0 +8/3 −2 t 3Fe + O → Fe3 O4 - Teacher for HS Video watch: Oxygen effects with sulfur (when students present content) The effect with non-needle Effects are multiple non-metallic (except halogen) +4 − - Teachers give HS video experiments: 0 t S + O → S O2 Oxygen effects with C2H5OH (when students 0 +4 −2 t C + O → C O2 present content) 0 Effects on compounds The effect with many inorganic and organic compounds 0 +4 − −2 t C2 H 5OH + O → C O2 + H O +2 0 +4 −2 t C O + O → C O2 ⇒ The oxygen conclusion is sharply oxidant GROUP 3: Researching and presenting content on the application and mechanism of oxygen Teachers organize, track and instruct IV APPLICATION students to discuss content research groups Students discuss content research groups under the guidance of teachers V INSTITUTIONAL - Teacher for watch video test: oxygen In the laboratory processing (when the student presents - Principles: Heat destroys oxygencontent) rich compounds and poor heat like: KClO3 (solid), KMnO4 (solid) t KMnO4 → K MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 ↑ - Teachers give HS simulation video MnO ,t → KCl + 3O2 ↑ experiments: oxygen production (when KClO3 students present content) In industry - From the air: distilled liquid air segmentation, oxygen collection at1830C From water: water-feces electrolysis H 2O → H ↑ +O2 ↑ GROUP 4: Researching and presenting content on the nature and role of ozone - Teachers organize, track and instruct students to discuss content research groups Students discuss content research groups under the guidance of teachers B OZON Physical properties - Is a light blue, characteristic odor - tliquefied = -1120C - Tan nước nhiều oxi Chemical properties - Ozone has a very strong oxidation, which is stronger than oxygen Oxidation of most metals (except Au, Pt), nonmetallic, many organic inorganic compounds - Often, ozone reacts with silver to form silver oxide 2Ag + O3 → Ag2O + O2 Ozone in the wild - The ozone is concentrated in the upper atmosphere, from the ground 20 – 30 km - In natural ozone formed by ultraviolet rays 3O2 Ultraviolet rays2O3 Activity 3: (8 minutes) Expand Student guidance Teacher explains issue number: Problem 1: When raising the aquarium, people often use a aeration set What is the significance of the aeration? Problem 2: When the climb, the air is dilute What does "dilute" mean? Why is there a phenomenon? V WORKED EXAMPLES Activity 4: (7 minutes) To operate, strengthen knowledge Teachers who instruct students to use and strengthen their Question 1: The oxygen element has an atomic number of The position of the oxygen in the periodic table of chemical elements is A Cycle 3, VIA group B Cycle 2, VIA Group C Cycle 3, group IVA D Cycle 2, group IVA Question 2: The chemical characteristic of oxygen element is A Strong oxidant Properties C Weak oxidation properties properties B Strong calculation D Moderate oxidation and reducing Question 3: In the laboratory, it is prepared by the A Water-feces C KClO3 catalytic Heat MnO2 B Thermo-Fertilizer (NO 3)2 D Fractional distillation of liquid air segments Question 4: The sequence of substances all effects on oxygen is A Mg, Al, C, C2H5OH B Al, P, Cl 2, CO C Au, C, S, CO D Fe, Pt, C, C 2H5OH Question 5: The complete combustion of 17.4 grams of Mg and Al mixture in oxygen (residual) is obtained 30.2 grams of composite oxide The volume of oxygen gas (standard conditions) involved in the reaction is A 17,92 liter B 8,96 liter C 11,20 liter D 4,48 liter Tutorial Conservation of mass: nO2 = (30,2 - 17,4)/32 = 0,4 (mol)⇒ V = 0,4 22,4 = 8,96 (liter) HOMEWORK(5 minutes) VI - Do the following exercises: Question 1: Add grams MnO2 to 197 grams of mixture X including KCl and KClO3 Mix thoroughly and boil the mixture to the reaction completely, obtained weight solids 152 grams The KCl volume in 197 grams X is A 74,50 gam 37,25 gam B 13,75 gam C 122,50 gam D Question 2: Burns completely 3.6 grams of metal M (have a unchanged chemotherapy in the compound) in CL2 and O2 gas mixtures After the response 11.5 grams of solids and volume of gas mixtures responded to 2.8 liters (standard conditions) Metal M is A Be B Cu C Ca D Mg - Refresher, system of oxygen knowledge Do the exercises in textbooks page 127, 128 - View and compose post content: SULFUR REFERENCE MATERIAL (Eds.), Tran Trung Ninh (2018) Methods of teaching chemistry in English High school Vinh University Publishing Office High-distance (2019) Teach some chemistry-themed lessons in English Education Publishing Textbook of Chemistry 10th grade – Education Publisher A guide to implementing the skills of Chemistry grade 10 – Educational publisher Textbook of Chemistry 10 – Educational Publisher LESSON: ALCOHOLS A OBJECTIVES By the end of the lesson student will be able to: Define what alcohol is Name the alcohol Determine the structure of the alcohol and identify the functional group of alcohol Describe the physical and chemical properties of alcohol Describe the principles and methods of producing alcohol by fermentation Apply alcohol oxidation reaction in your life B VOCABULARY Tiếng Anh alcohol homologous series functional group hydroxyl general formula nomenclature molecular formula Tiếng Việt alcohol Tiếng Anh physical properties Tiếng Việt tính chất vật lí dãy đồng đẳng solubility độ tan nhóm chức hiđroxyl cơng thức tổng quát danh pháp công thức phân tử boiling point very soluble slightly soluble bacteria (số nhiều) liquid structural formula công thức cấu tạo full structural formula petrol oxidation water vapour excess công thức cấu tạo đầy đủ xăng, dầu phản ứng oxi hóa nước dùng dư soot muội than điểm sơi tan tốt tan vi khuẩn chất lỏng tính chất hóa chemical properties học alkali kiềm combustion carbon dioxide oxygen clean fuel potassium dichromate phản ứng cháy cacbon đioxit oxi nhiên liệu H2SO4 loãng ethanoic acid axit axetic ống kiểm tra độ cồn vi sinh vật đường beverage starch glucose enzyme men biological catalyst mixture hỗn hợp fractional distillation alcoholic drink đồ uống có cồn fermentation nước giải khát tinh bột glucozơ xúc tác sinh học chưng cất phân đoạn trình lên men dilute sulphuric acid breathalyser microorganism sugars C EXPRESSIONS kali đicromat acyclic saturated monoalcohol to be soluble/insoluble in to be responsible for at room temperature at standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p.) to take part in to burn in air to be produced = to be formed to be oxidized to be reduced to be broken down to to be kept tightly corked to be (left) exposed to air alcohol no đơn chức mạch hở tan/không tan gây nhiệt độ phòng điều kiện tiêu chuẩn tham gia (phản ứng) cháy khơng khí tạo bị oxi hóa bị khử bị phân hủy thành nút chặt để ngồi khơng khí D PLAN OF TEACHING CONTENT TEACHING ACTIVITIES What are alcohols? Activity Learn about In the previous lesson, you studied two homologous series and homologous series: the alkanes and alkenes The structure of alcohol alcohols are another homologous series GV tổ chức hoạt động nhóm • Alcohols are organic compounds which tìm hiểu định nghĩa, dãy have the hydroxyl (-OH) functional đồng đẳng cấu tạo groups connecting directly to their alcohol Một số câu hỏi thảo luận: saturated carbon atoms Q1 How is alcohol defined? H H H Q2 What is the functional All alcohols have C C C O H this functional group group of alcohol? H H H Q3 How is the structure of • Structural and molecular formula of alcohol? Q4 Who can draw ethanol: structural and molecular formula of ethanol? What is the general formula of acyclic Activity Determine the saturated monoalcohols? general formula of alcohol All alcohols contain the elements carbon, GV gợi ý HS nhận xét hydrogen and oxygen They have the general thành phần nguyên tố có formula CnH2n+1OH mặt alcohol từ tìm cơng thức tổng qt alcohol no đơn chức mạch hở Nomenclature of Alcohols Activity Introduction of The name of an alcohol ends with ‘-ol’ Hence, alcohol naming rules an alcohol that contains two carbon atoms is GV giới thiệu quy tắc gọi called ethanol The fist three alcohols in the tên alcohol no đơn chức homologous series are given below mạch hở Sau hướng dẫn nhóm HS thực hành gọi tên số alcohol theo bảng sau Name Molecular formula Structural formula Full structural formula Methanol CH3OH or CH4O CH3OH H H O H C H Ethanol C2H5OH or C2H6O CH3CH2OH H H H C C H H O H Propanol C3H7OH or C3H8O CH3CH2CH2 H H H H H C C C H H H O H Physical Properties of Alcohols Activity Introduction of The Table below shows the physical states, physical properties of solubilities and boiling points of some alcohols alcohols GV chuẩn bị mẫu vật Physic Solubility Boiling Alcohol o al state in water point ( C) số alcohol đầu dãy đồng Methano very đẳng, cho HS quan sát trạng liquid 65 l soluble thái chúng nêu nhận very xét Sau làm thí nghiệm để Ethanol liquid 78 soluble nhận xét độ tan nước Propanol liquid soluble 97 alcohol Tổ chức slightly Butanol liquid 118 hoạt động cho HS dự đốn soluble • Alcohols are soluble in water, but their thay đổi nhiệt độ sôi solubility decreases as the molecular size alcohol rút quy increases For example, methanol is very luật thay đổi soluble in water but butanol is only slightly soluble in water • Unlike the alkanes and alkenes, the first four alcohols are liquids at room temperature Chemical Properties of Alcohols Activity Introduction of • Although alcohols contain the -OH chemical properties of group, they are not alkalis In fact, they alcohols GV tổ chức hoạt động nhóm are all neutral • Alcohols are more reactive than alkanes cho HS trả lời câu hỏi: because the C-O and O-H bonds in Q1 Is the functional group (alcohols are more reactive than the C-C OH) basic property? Q2 Compare the polarization and C-H bonds in alkanes • The functional group (-OH) of alcohols of the C-O and O-H bonds in is responsible for the typical reactions alcohol with the C-C and C-H bonds in the alkane that alcohols undergo • All alcohols have similar chemical Q3 Considering the role of properties Alcohols can take part in the OH-group, how does it the chemical these reactions: combustion and influence properties of the alcohol? oxidation Combustion Like most other organic compounds, an alcohol such as ethanol burns in air to produce carbon dioxide and water vapour Activity Learn about combustion of alcohol GV hướng dẫn HS đốt cháy ethanol: heat Q1 Observe the flame and → ethanol + oxygen carbon dioxide + draw comments water vapour Q2 Write the chemical heat → C2H5OH (l) + 3O2 (g) 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O equation of combustion (g) reaction The combustion of alcohols in excess oxygen produces a clean flame, as only carbon dioxide and water vapour are produced How is the combustion of alcohols useful to Activity Learn about us? application of the Alcohols can be used as a fuel In fact, some race combustion of methanol cars run on methanol Methanol is less volatile GV sử dụng phương pháp than petrol and is less likely to explode in an đóng vai, tạo tình giả accident Methanol is also a clean fuel It does định, HS vào vai nhà khoa not produce soot on combustion Vietnam relies học khảo sát khách hàng sử heavily on petrol as a fuel Do you think it is dụng xăng sinh học E5 good to use alcohol as a fuel instead? methanol làm nhiên liệu thay Alcohol is also burnt on some foods such as xăng RON 92 Việt Nam fruit cake to give it a distinct flavor Sau hướng dẫn HS thảo luận rút nhận xét Oxidation Activity Learn Alcohol are easily oxidised For example, in the oxidation of alcohol about laboratory, we can oxidise ethanol by heating it with a mixture of potassium dichromate (VI) solution (K2Cr2O7) and dilute sulphuric acid Ethanol then becomes ethanoic acid ethanol + oxygen from oxidizing agent ethanoic acid + water HH H C C O H + 2[O] HH HO H HO H H HO H H HO HH H C C O H + H2OH C O H +2[O] H C OH +H2O C OC H +2[O] HC OC H + H2OH C C O H + 2[O] H C C O H + H2OH C C O H + 2[O] H H H HH H HH H HH HO → H HO H H HO H C C O H + H2OH C O H +2[O] H C OH +H2O C OC H +2[O] HC OC H + H2O H H H HH Sử dụng phương pháp bàn tay nặn bột, GV hướng dẫn HS thực hành thí nghiệm oxi hóa ethanol hỗn hợp dung dịch K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 Yêu cầu HS rút nhận xét: • Role of ethanol and K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4 solution in the experiment • Color change of the K2Cr2O7 agent during the reaction • Predict the product • Write reaction diagrams H In this redox reaction a) ethanol acts as a reducing agent while acidified potassium dichromate (VI) acts as a oxidizing agent b) potassium dichromate (VI) is reduced Its colour changes from orange to green c) ethanol is oxidized to ethanoic acid Ethanoic acid is an example of a carboxylic acid You will learn about carboxylic acids in the next section How is the oxidation of alcohols useful for us? In Vietnam, the police use breathalysers to test the amount of alcohol consumed by drivers A brethalyser contains acidified potassium dichromate (VI) If the breath of a driver contains a high level of alcohol, a colour change is registered on the device Activity Learn about application of the oxidation of alcohols GV giới thiệu nguyên tắc thiết bị đo nồng độ cồn mà cảnh sát giao thông thường sử dụng để xác đinh nồng độ cồn lái xe, yêu cầu HS hiểu chế hoạt động thiết bị Producing Ethanol by Fermentation To most people, alcohol refers to beverages like wine and beer Actually, such drinks contain ethanol To produce ethanol, we ferment fruits, vegetables or grains What is fermentation? Fermentation is a chemical process in which microorganisms such as yeast act on carbohydrates to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide Sugars and starch are examples of carbohydrates Yeast contains enzymes (biological catalysts) which cause starch or sugar to break down to glucose The glucose is then broken down to ethanol and carbon dioxide A glucose solution is mixed with yeast and the mixture is kept at a temperature of about 37 0C Ethanol and carbon dioxide are produced after a few days glucose solution yeast → ethanol + carbon yeast → dioxide C6H12O6 (aq) 2C2H5OH (aq) + 2CO2 (g) The enzymes in yeast work best at around 37 0C If the temperature is above 370C, the enzymes will die and fermentation stops The fermentation of sugar produces only a dilute solution of ethanol (up to about 15%) This is because when the alcohol content exceeds this value, the yeast dies and fermentation stops Ethanol can be obtained from this liquid mixture by fractional distillation In many countries, ethanol is manufactured by Activity 10 Learn about producing ethanol by fermentation GV chuẩn bị trước cho nhóm HS thiết kế dự án học tập “Producing Ethanol by Fermentation” Sau cho nhóm trình bày hướng dẫn HS thảo luận Chú ý nhận xét nội dung phong cách trình bày đánh giá cho điểm sản phẩm nhóm cách xác, công the fermentation of cane sugar During fermentation, the sucrose (C12H22O11) in the cane sugar is first converted to glucose, and then to ethanol and carbon dioxide This ethanol is used as a fuel in cars! What happens if alcoholic drinks are left exposed to air? If an alcoholic drink such as wine or beer is left exposed to the air, it will turn sour after a few days This is caused by the action of bacteria from the air Using oxygen from the air, the bacteria oxidizes ethanol into ethanoic acid Activity 11 Learn about alcoholic drinks GV tổ chức cho HS thảo luận nhóm: Q1 Why alcoholic beverages when exposed to air after a few days will turn into sour? bacteria Q2 How to preserve → ethanol + oxygen from air ethanoic alcoholic beverages so that acid + water they are not sour? bacteria → C2H5OH (aq) + O2 (g) CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l) It is therefore important that wine is kept tightly corked This is also the reason why, when we are fermenting sugars to produce alcohol, it is important to ensure that fermentation takes place in the absence of air Otherwise, the alcohol will be oxidized to form an acid called a carboxylic acid Activity 12 Consolidate the lesson GV tổ chức trò chơi cho HS bốc thăm từ khóa (các thuật ngữ quan trọng bài) giải nghĩa từ tiếng Anh khơng đọc từ cho bạn lớp nói xác từ khóa người chơi ghi điểm Thời gian lần chơi không phút Với học này, GV làm thăm với từ khóa sau đây: ethanol, methanol, alcoholic, hydroxyl, fermentation, clean fuel, beverage, combustion of alcohol, oxidation of alcohol E WORKED EXAMPLES Exercise Ethanol vapour burns in air according to the following equation: → 2C2H5OH (g) + 6O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 6H2O (g) If 2.5 L of ethanol burns at s.t.p., what volume of oxygen is required? What volume of carbon dioxide will be produced? Solution: → 2C2H5OH (g) + 6O2 (g) 4CO2(g) + 6H2O (g) 2.0 L 6.0 L 4.0 L 2.5 L → 7.5 L → 5.0 L Exercise Methanol is soluble in water What is the molality of a solution made by dissolving 8.0 g of CH3OH in 250 g of water? Solution: → 100 = 3.1 % 258 The mass of solution + 250 = 258 (grams) C % CH3OH solution = F HOMEWORK An alcohol has the molecular formula C4H10O a) Draw the full structural formula of this alcohol b) Give one physical property and one chemical property of this alcohol The figure here shows the apparatus used for fermentation a) Name the substances present in the fermenting mixture b) Write the word equation for the reaction that takes place inside the apparatus c) Describe what will happen if the resulting mixture is exposed to air State two differences between the hydroxide group in sodium hydroxide and the hydroxyl group in alcohols TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO Cao Cự Giác (Chủ biên), Trần Trung Ninh (2018) Phương pháp dạy học hoá học tiếng Anh trường Trung học phổ thông Nxb Đại học Vinh Cao Cự Giác (2019) Dạy học số chủ đề hoá học tiếng Anh Nxb Giáo dục ... liter C 11 ,20 liter D 4,48 liter Tutorial Conservation of mass: nO2 = (30,2 - 17 ,4)/32 = 0,4 (mol)⇒ V = 0,4 22,4 = 8,96 (liter) HOMEWORK(5 minutes) VI - Do the following exercises: Question 1: Add... 37,25 gam B 13 ,75 gam C 12 2,50 gam D Question 2: Burns completely 3.6 grams of metal M (have a unchanged chemotherapy in the compound) in CL2 and O2 gas mixtures After the response 11 .5 grams of... (Chủ biên), Trần Trung Ninh (2 018 ) Phương pháp dạy học hoá học tiếng Anh trường Trung học phổ thông Nxb Đại học Vinh Cao Cự Giác (2 019 ) Dạy học số chủ đề hoá học tiếng Anh Nxb Giáo dục