B A ] \ HOI DAO M A r QUAN NIEM V A ' L O A I H I N H r V MAI THI H^NH lutyi, nhom ngu&i dd eho ehung ta mudng tugng Quan niem ve ban hgi dao M^u Ban hgi Id mgt mgng lu&i ciia nhitng nguai ban ddu vd ban hOi "Nhung cupc hdnh huong dua vao sy td chfic vd cac mgng ludi cfia mpt lin dong Cde nhd khoa hgc dd dd cap ddn bdn hOi nhdm ngudi thudng la theo cfing mgt ddn hay ttong nhung nghien cfiu rdt sdm vl tin ngudng dipn thd tu gia, ddi la mOt chfia vd cua ngudi ding din (phdi la tfi phu bdng cym tfi ngudi len ddng ho§e it mgng lu&i cde ong Mic dil ban hii dao niliu di xuat hiin tir xa nhat Id phdi cd cdn dong bd ddng xua, nhung duong nhu chua co nguon tu liiu nio ddng) Cde mang ludi M.Durand, hpc gid minh dmh ro ring khai niim nay, hay dua cii tdp hgp tfi mudi ddn nghidn cfiu vl tin nhin ting quan vi cac loai hinh bin hii Bai viit ban mOt ttam nguong tfi phfi vdo dua trin ntiung nguon tir liiu Hiircap, chu trgng nhang d^ tii " (2) Tac nhfing ndm 40 TK cac nguon tu liiu dien da ci duoc tir viic thuc gid cung khdng quen XX, dd ndi ve mang hiin phuong phap quan sat tham du, phing van khdng djnh di le xa ludi efia "nhfing dng siu nhiiu viin cic han hii dao Miu din nhung nai md eic ding ba ding Ha NOi mit so d|a hin tai Hi fliii Nam Bjnh, Hung vj thdn da ddn lfic di Id d den Kidp Bgc Yin di minh d|nh khii niim vi phin loai ban sinh thdi vd da ed chiln va Hdi Phdng" (I) hii Viic minh dinh khai mim, phin loai ban hii cdng Id "hogt dpng G.Coulet cung ndu dao Miu CO y nghia quan trpng nghien thuOc cuOc song hdng vdn tdt vl di Ie va di ciiu tin nguong niy tu goc nhin cong ding nguoi ngay", "nghTa vu cua hau d edc ddn thd thuc hinh nghi l i , bi khuyit cho nhiing khoing cac dp tfi" dgo M I U (3) ehinh cfia dng ddng, v i nghiin cuu dao Miu vin thuing chi tip Gdn ddy, tac gid bd ddng dd xd van xui trung vao nghi l i , l i hoi, gii tri Nguyen Ngpc Mai efing cua mOt ldng xa Rat nhidu ngudi Idn ddng quan nipm bdn hpi Id da dd cap ddn khdi nipm bdn hgi: "Ban hOi Id mgng ludi cua bp Tuy nMen, ed thye su bdn hOi mpt tgp hgp ngudi xung quanh dong thdy va ttg chi la mang ludi cfia nhung ngudi Idn ddng giup ddng thay ttong vide thyc hdnh nghi khdng? Vd nhiing ngudi khdng cd cdn ding, le"(4) Xult phat tfi thue td, theo tde gid, nghi khdng bao gid hau ddng ed thd la thdnh vidn cfia ll ldn ddng bao gdm rit nhilu ydu t l clu thdnh; khdn ao, cung vdn (dm nhgc), di§n tbd, ll v$t, bdn hOi khdng? hlu dang Mgt minh ddng thdy se khdng tidn Bdn hgi Id mgt tap hgp nhirng ngu&i ddng hdnh dugc ngbi Id ndu khdng cd cac thdnh vien thdy dung ddu, xung quanh co cde de tir khde tham gia, cho dfi vdi tu edch trg gifip (hau Claire Chauvet vilt vl di Ie xa ttong tin dang) hay Idm cae vipc chudn bi (bdy bipn, ngudng tii phfi cua ngudi Vidt d miln BIC, mde trang tri dipn thd, lo cam nudc, mua sdm Id du khdng tryc tidp sfi dung tfi bdn hgi, nhung 10c), cung ung chat Hpn cdu thdnh cho buli Id nhftng cym tii md tdc gia nhic tdi nhu mgng f ? l S 377 • i l l Thdng 11-2015 (ttang phuc, vdng mS), co vu eanh hlu (khdch mdi) Vi vdy, dd cd thi hogt dpng dugc ttong ITnh vyc thuc hdnh ngM Id cfia minh, ddng thdy dd phdi thiet lap mdt mgng ludi cde quan hp xd hOi gdm nhung cd nhdn cd khd ndng dam nMdm cde phan vi§e khde nhau, cung nhu ed thd cung fing nhung td tao ndn cac cdng doan khac eho cuOc ll (5) Bdn hgi la tap hgp nhirng ngu&i co chung mgi ngudn gdc Co ttong sd nhung ngudi dugc phdng vdn it nhidu biet chu Han, do hp da giai thich nghTa cfia bdn hpi theo lli cMet ty cfia tfi nay: "Ban la glc, gdc cua td chfic dd Hgi la ldn bao gdm nhieu ngudi tdp tnmg lgi hOi" Lgi cd ^ kiln khac cho ring: "Bdn - bon nghTa Id eua chung tdi, cfia chung ta Ban cung cd nghTa la noi, chdn Hgi Id noi hpi ty, nai tdp hgp Vdy bdn hOi la su tu hOi, tap hgp cfia nMeu ngudi vdo mOt nai, chdn (gdc), cfing cd thd hidu Id noi chdn ty hpi cua ehung ta" Quan mpm cfia cac nhd ngMdn cfiu cfing nhu nhiing ngudi trdi nghidm ddi sdng efia minh ban hOi eho thiy day la mOt khdi mpm khd clt nghTa Cd mOt thyc tl Id, khdng phdi ttdi nghipm ddi sdng ttong bdn hOi efing cd thd hidu sdu sdc vd npi ham cua khdi mem ndy Rdt nMdu ngudi ddn chfia Id ph^t nhung thyc khdng hilu gido Iy, gido Mgt, khdng thuOe kinh phat, khdng bidt tam bao ngMa Id gi, dfic ong Id ai? Tin ngudng thd cung td tidn da m dam ttong tdm linh ngudi Viet, nhung dudng nhu cfing khong may hilu vi phdi cd chdn nudc ttdng tinh khidt, chide den ddu, hay bat huang d trdn ban thd cac bdc tiln td Vd cde thdnh vidn bdn hgi, mdc dfi dn, ngfi, thyc hdnh ngM Id thudng xuyen, nhung dugc hdi bdn hOi nghia Id gi thi lai ng§p ngiing, Ifing tfing Quan dilm thfi nhdt cho rdng bdn hpi la mgng ludi eua nhung ngudi ldn ding dd vd tinh loai bd nMlu ngudi khac cung dugc coi Id thdnh vien cua ban hgi Khi thdm nhgp mpt sd bdn hgi d Hd Ngi, Nam Dinh, Hung Ydn , cd nhfing bdn hgi d di^n tu gia vd din phfi, tdi nhgn tiily ngodi nhftng ngudi len ddng, ban hOi cdn bao glm cd tiidy cung, cung vdn, hlu dang, "con nhang, khodn, ban, cdu" Nhftng ngudi thdm chi khdng ed cdn ddng va ciing khdng cd khd ndng ldn ddng hdu Quan Mem thfi hai Iai ggt ngoai nhilu loai Mnh ban hOi khde Su tdn tai cua nhidu hinh thfie ban hpi cho thdy khdng phdi cM cd ban hpi efia ddng thdy - tfie ngudi ed khd ndng "dd ddng", trinh ddng md phu cho eon nhang dp tu, md cdn cd bdn hgi cfia nhung ngudi Id ddng (cM len ddng md khdng dd ddng) Thdm cbi cd ngudi hodn toan khdng phdi Id dong, md don thudn chi la ngudi cd nilm tin vao mdu, cd dien thd mdu tgi gia, thudng xuyen "sd can" cho cde tin chfi Quan mdm thfi ba nghe cd vd "bac hpc" ban bdi sy cdt nghTa theo lli chiit ty tfi Han Vidt, My nhien dudng nhu cdn khd ma hd Nai hdi ty dd la gi vd nhiing ngudi hOi ty d ddy la ai? Vl hp Igi tu hdi? Ddy la nhftng cdu hdi vd cfing quan trpng, cdn phai tinh din kM minh dinh khai nidm bdn hOi Theo tfi diln Hdn Vidt, tfi bdn cd nhilu ngMa Thfi nhdt, bdn cd nghTa la "cdi gdc, cdi thdn, tfie Id eOi ngudn" Thfi hai, bdn la "cfia tdi, cua chung ta" (6) HOi ciing cd nhilu nghTa: Id hOi ty, cung cd ngMa la "MIU, MIU dugc, hieu bilt, thdng hilu, tiiao, gidi" (7) Tu ddy, cd till dua dinh nghTa: bdn hgi dgo Mdu la mdt cgng ddng tin dao MIU bao gom nhieu tbanh vien dudi sy ddn ddt cua mgt chfi hgi, cd cfing mgt ehdn td; ed sy Mdu bilt, ddng cdm lan va cd cung nilm tin vdo sy dp tri cfia cde vi thdn dao Mau Nhu vay, bdn hgi dao Mdu cd nhung ngt hdm sau: Bdn hOi phdi ed nhidu ngudi tap hgp Iai dudi su ddn ddt cfia chu hgi, cd thd la ddng thdy, bode cung cd the ehi dan thudn Id chfi nhang, ngudi cd didn tiid mdu tgi gia Bdn cgnh chfi bOi ed cde dd tfi khde bao gdm tin chu, nhang tfi, ban tfi Didu ti^ ldi eho cdu hdi "nhung ngudi hgi ty la ai?" Nhftng ngudi ttong bdn hgi la cfing mgt goc Nhidu thdnh vidn bdn hOi da gpi cai gdc nai hp dugc "sinh ra", gdn bd mOt cdch thdn tiiuong Id "chdn td" Chin t l ly cd thd Id mgt din, phfi, hodc mgt dipn M gia ndo dd gdn lidn vdi chfi nhang Chinh chin t l dy se phdn bidt bdn bdi 56 3771 Thdng 11-20151 ndy vdi bdn hOi khde Dilu ndy ttd Idi cho cdu cfing Id cdng vide thucmg xuydn cfia hp Ddu ndm, ngudi chu hgi ndy thudng dua ban hpi di hdi "noi hpi ty dd Id gi?" Nhung ngudi ttong bdn hgi cd cung Mdm tin hdnh huong ddn cde din to, phu Idn, chfia, ma vdo su chd che, phu ttg cfia cac vi thdn dgo Mdu ttudc hit Id nai ndi tilng nhu chfia Huong, Ydn cho cde vdn dd cudc sdng hidn smh cfia hp Tfi "Hp bit diu mOt ndm mdi nhu thi vi nghT Cde tbanh vien bdn hgi cung la nhiing ngudi cd ring phdi thd phdt tmdc, thd thdnh sau Thyc tl nhilu sy ding dang, vl nilm tin, tam ly tinh lam sdng td mdi quan bp gifia tin ngudng hi cdm, hay nhung vdn dd ma bp gap phdi ttong phu vd dao Phdt Due Phgt cd vi thd cao hem cde cude sdng ttdn tyc Chinh sy ddng dang ndy vi tiiln thdnh" (8) Mgc du ed nilm tin vdo edc khidn hp ddng cdm, cOng cdm vdi Dd vi thin dgo Mdu, cd dien thd tgi gia, thudng ciing Id ly vi nhidu ngudi lya chpn gia xuyen di Id xa, song ngudi dfing ddu ban hOi ndy nhdp ban hOi dgo Mdu md khdng phai Id mpt td khdng bao gid ldn ddng chfic cua mOt tdn gido ndo khde Didu ndy gidi Cd mOt vdn dl ddt Id, ngudi chu hOi tMch cho cdu hdi "vi hp hOi ty?" khdng cd cdn ddng, tM lieu nhftng dp tfi cua Iogi Khi tham nhgp ban bpi, tdi cdn dugc nghe hinh bdn hpi ndy cd thd Id nhung ngudi cd cdn cde thdnh vidn gpi bdn hOi la ca cdnh Tuy ddng khdng? Thue td, cd nhilu nhang dd tfi nhien, theo tdc gid, tfi co cdnh thudng dugc cfia loai hinh bdn hpi Id nhung ngudi ed edn dung dk chi mpt nhdm ngudi cfia ban hpi khde ddng Nhihig ddng ndy cd the la ding phdn biOt vdi ban hgi minh Hon nfia, tfi co cdnh d ban hdi khde, song bi thu hfit bdi sy Hnh tiiidng khdng bao hdm todn bp cde thdnh phdn md efia bdn dipn Cung cd tmdng hgp, ban ddu hp nhieu dugc dung dd ehi nhdm ddng Id thdnh vidn cfia bdn hpi ndy, song cdn cao sd ndng ndn phdi nhd mgt dong thdy khde giup ttong ban hOi md thdi xudt thfi trinh ddng Tuy nhidn, kM da Id Cde loai hinh ban hgi ddng cua bdn hgi khde, hp vdn gifi mdi lidn h^ Se Id sai ldm kdt ludn chi cd mgt loai hinh vdi bdn hOi dau tien Dilu cho thiy, mOt ban hOi ding thay dfing ddu Cd tbd chia ban hOi dao Mdu thdnh hai Iogi: bdn hOi nhung ngudi cfing lfic cd thd theo nhieu bdn hOi khde ngudi cd cdn ddng Idm chu hpi va bdn hdi chfi khdng nhit thidt chi tnmg tbanh vdi mdt bdn hpi Day la bdng chfing ndi ldn d$e ngudi khdng cd can ddng ldm chfi hpi Bdn hgi ngu&i khong co edn ddng ldm chu hgi Logi hinh bdn hgi thudng mpt chfi nhang dfing ddu Hg cd dipn thd tgi gia, cd the la thd miu, thdm chi thd cd mau va phdt Vdi nhiing kha ndng ddc bidt nhu xem bdi, chua bdnh, clu xm cho nhung sd nguypn cua tm chfi dugc hi$n thuc hda, hodc lam Id tdn nhang, bdn khodn, sd ngudi ddn vdi hg ngdy cang nhieu hon va hinh mOt bdn hgi "Ddng bd tap phfic" dua cde vidn ttong bdn hdi di ll xa vao nhung ll quan trgng cua Phgt gido hodc nhung tide efia ede tiidnh ttong dgo Mdu Ban h$i vd dong bull ll hlu thdnh Anh Thanh E)i>c So 377 iThdng 11-2015 ^ TU- L i e u tnmg quan ttpng ttong ddi sdng tdm linh cfia ngudi Viet Hg Mdn sdn sang di Id d nhidu nai, kit hgp sue mgnh cfia nhidu vj thdn dk mong dgt dugc tinh hidu nghidm cua ldi clu xin Bdn hgi ngu&i co cdn dong ldm ehu hgi Loai hinh ban hOi ndy Men khd phd bien Cd thd chia ban hOi kidu thdnh ba loai nhd niia: ddng, ddng thdy va nha su cd cdn ddng lam chfi hOi Bdn hgi Ihanh ddng ldm chu hgi Tmdc hit cdn phdi hilu dong nghTa Id gi? Nhftng se ttd thdnb tbanh ddng vd kM nao thi dugc gpi la ding? Nguydn Duy Hinh cho rdng, cd nghTa Id tinh khdi, ttong tteo, khong chut bui md, ddng cd nghTa Id dong tfi, tre em Vdy ddng la dd chi nhiing em be trai duoi 15 Mdi edn ttong trdng, trinh nguyen dd than iinh nhdp vao Noi cdch khac, thoat ky thuy, ddng td nhiMg ngudi thyc hdnh nghi Id ldn ddng (hdu ding) nhd Mdi (9) Tuy nMdn, cd nMdu didu dd thay ddi cho den thdi didm hipn Thanh dong phdn Idn khdng phai la tre em ttinh nguyen ma Id nhung ngudi da tmdng thdnh, dd cd vg ed ehdng Nhiing ngudi dugc coi Id ed can ddng sd linh, phai hdu thdnh, neu khdng sd bj co hdnh dm dau bpnh tdt, thdm chi didn logn, gia dinh ly tdn Cfing ed thd hg khdng cd cdn ddng, nhung cd niem tin vdo thdn thdnh vd ddn vdi thdnh dl elu xin sfic khde, tai Igc, bung tda nhiing ddn ndn cam xfic an fie ttong tam can Vi nhfing Iy do, nhung ngudi ndy xudt thfi trinh ddng vd thuc hdnh nghi Id ldn dong Sau kbi tiinh ding md phfi, nhung ngudi chua dugc ggi la ddng Cu thd, ttong 100 ngdy ddu kl tii ngdy md phfi bp dugc ggi Id tdn ddng (ding mdi), ngoai 100 ngdy mdi dugc nhgn danh xung dong Song, cd phdi ddng nao cung cd thd ttd tiidnh ngudi dfing diu bdn hpi? Sau kM md phfi trinh ddng, ttd tiidnh ddng tiii cde ddng ndy lgi dugc chia Idm hai logi: lam va khdng ldm vipc tfi phu MOt sd tiianh ddng khdng cd gi thay ddi ttong nghi nghi#p cua minh, md vdn tri nd nhu hogt ddng sdng chinh Hang nam, hp ve chdn td hoge mugn cdnh mugn din dd bic ghi hdu tiianh tii mOt ddn hai lan, thdng thudng vao dau vd cudi nam MOt sd ddng lai ldp dipn thd m dudng vd chuydn tam Idm cae edng viec tfi phfi nhu gpi bin, cung giai hgn, giai trfi tai dch cho cac tm chfi Hp cfing la ngudi am hieu vl ddi song tdm linh, ndn ed khd ndng hudng ddn cae nhMg dp tfi thue hdnh nghi Id Nhung ngudi sd ttd thdnh ngudi dfing ddu bdn hOi Bdn hgi ddng thdy ldm chii hgi Mdt sd dong cd thd ttd thdnh dong thdy Didu tidn quyet dd mpt ddng dugc gpi Id ddng thay nam d kha nang md phfi cho nhang dp tfi Ndi cdch khac, tdt cd ddng thay ddu Id ddng, nhung khdng phai ddng nao cung cd the ttd thdnh ddng thdy "Sy khde co bdn giua ddng thdy va nhung ngudi ddng khac Id khd ndng tam Iinh cfia hp, tfie la kha nang md phu cho nhung ngudi khac, khd ndng Iam Ie chfta bdnh cfing nhidu nghi Id khae" (10) Vdi vide trinh ddng md phfi cho ngudi khac, dong trd thdnh ngudi "dd ddng" theo nhu each gpi cfia gidi ddng bdng, va cd nhiing dfia minh "dd ra" Nhiing dfia dy gpi hg Id ddng thay Trdi qua ndm thang, sd lugng ding cfia ding thdy ngdy cang nhilu hon Hp gin bd chat che vdi ddng thdy va bdn hgi dugc md rOng vd "kich cd" Tit nhien, ttong logi hinh ban hOi ddng thdy ldm chu hOi, cdn cd cd nhftng tbanh ding khdng phai ban thdn ding thay md phfi cho hg ma tfi cde bdn hpi khde ve day xin gia nhdp Nhu vay, cd cde ddng ddng thdy "sinh ra" bdn canh cde thdnh vidn khde nhu nhang tfi, bdn tfi, tin chfi la diem khde biOt ca bdn giiia bdn hdi ddng thdy Iam chu hOi so vdi bdn hpi ddng lam chu hpi "Nhftng ddng thdy thudng phai lgp dien rieng, c l ^ nom din dien thd thdnh" (II) Phdn Idn ede ding tiidy ddu sd hiiu hodc qudn ly dipn thd ndo dd, cd thi Id didn hi gia hay didn cdng Tfi dd, Mnh thdnh ndn hai kilu ban bOi dong thdy dfing ddu Id: ban hpi tu gia va ban hOi d din to phfi ldn Tuy nhidn, bdn canh hai loai ban bdi dd, edn cd mdt loai bdn hpi ddng thdy khdng ed dipn thd M gia, lai cung khdng phdi Id ngudi qudn ly hay thu nhang cfia ddn, phfi, dfing ddu 36 7 Thang 11-20151 I %tm Hp Id ddng thay, hdu ddng vd md phfi cho nhang dd tfi, song mpi hoat ddng ngM Id ddu dugc didn tgi nai mugn canh Gidi ddng bdng truydn rdng, kM dd cd dien thd ttong nhd tM bit bupc phdi cd ngudi "kl dang" (ndi ddi su ngMpp buong khdi phye vu thdnh), ndu ddi sau khdng cd ngudi "kl ddng"tiiiId su "thit Id" vdi thdnh thdn, gia dinb sd g ^ nhidu tai hga Dudng nhu didu ndy ttd Idi nguydn cM phli tdi quydt dinh cfia nMdu ddng thay kM lgp dipn thd tai gia Bdn hgi nhd su ldm chu hgi Mdi quan hd chat chg giiia Phdt giao vd dgo Mau da dugc khdng dinh qua nghidn cfiu cfia nhidu tdc gia Bing chfing dd cho thdy, ttong nhieu ngdi chfia BIC Bg cd sy Mpn didn cfia ban thd man, tao ndn mOt kidu kidn trfic dOe dao ed Ie nhit ed d chiia Vidt Nam - "tiln ph§t h?lu miu" Theo nha ngMdn cfiu Trdn Lam Biln, vipc xult Mpn mdu ttong chua cd tfi khoang TK XVII - XVin Nguyin Quang Ld gpi sy tieh hgp cfia dipn thd mdu chiia cfia ngudi \^pt Id "each lya chgn dfing ddn nhdt cua dgo Phat kM Idy dgo Mau ddn gian Idm ban ddng hdnh Vi the md dao Phdt ed chl dfing viing chic ttong ddi sdng tdm linh d cOng ddng ngudi Viet" (12) Tai nhiing ngdi chua cd ban tbd miu thudng diln nghi ll hau ding Tuy nMdn, ed thi khlng dinh, chua bao gid dipn mdu va hdu ddng lai xuat Mpn nMdu, phdt triln mgnh md, cdng khai chfia nhu Men Moi quan hp gifta Phdt giao vd dao Mau dd phdn nao ly gidi vi hlu ddng, mot ngM Id dan gian c6 phdn sdi dOng va thdng boa, lgi didn ttong khdng gian thd phdt thdm ngMem, ed kinh NMeu nhang dd tfi dao Mdu dd vl cac chfia cd dipn thd mdu mugn cdnh dk "bdc ghi cha ngdi Idm ngdi me ngy" Tuy nhien, cd nMdu nhd su tgi edc chfia la nhfing ngudi cd cdn qua Ban thdn bp cimg bdu thdnh, ttong sd dd cd khdng it ngudi ttd thdnh ding tlidy vd md phfi trinh ddng cho nhidu nhang dp tii Kit qud la nha su ben canh vai ttd la ngudi ddn dit tam Iinh cbo cde phdt tfi, gid ddy Igi cung Id ddng thdy dan ddt vide m tap, thuc hdnh ngM le cfia cde tin dao Mau Nhu vdy, bdn hOi dgo Mdu ed thd xem Id mgt cOng ddng, ehinh xde ban Id mOt cOng ding tdn So 377 IThdng 11-2015 gido vdi hgt nhan trung tdm Id mdt chu bOi (thdng tiiudng Id ddng thay) ddng vai ttd tiifi Imh tdm linh, xung quanh cd cac dd tfi bao gdm nhilu thdnh phin nhu nhang tii, bdn tfi, tin chu, ding, hlu ddng, cung van Chat keo gifip gdn kit cde vidn ban hdi thdnh mpt cOng ddng chinh Id Mem tin vdo eae vj thdn dgo Mdu, vdo ndng lye ddc bidt cung nhu su ddn dit ciia ddng thdy Ban bdi dao Mdu cd sy da dang, phong phu vl logi hinh Ben cgnh bdn hdi ngudi cd edn ddng Iam chfi hOi, cdn cd bdn hOi ngudi khdng cd cdn ddng dfing diu Tuy nhien, ttong sd cac loai hinh ban hgi dy, ban hpi dong thdy dung diu cd tinh phd bidn hon ca vd phan anh ddy dfi tinh chdt cua bdn hgi dgo Mdu Vdi hi cdch Id mOt eOng ddng tdn giao, bdn hdi dao Mdu cd chfic ndng cOng cam, la khdng gian dd cde thdnh vidn chia sd vd ddng cam vdi ttong nMeu van de ve tdm linh, sue khde, gidi tinh Khdng nhimg thd, bdn hpi dgo Mdu vdi nhiing mdi quan hp da dang, nMeu chidu da tgo nen ngudn vin xd hpi phong phu hd ttg cde thdnh vien cfia nd ttong phdt triln kinh tl, vdn hda « M.T.H 1,2, 3, Claire Chauvet Bi li tin ngudng tu phu: Mnh thdnh lpi bdn sdc dja phucmg vd quic gia miin Bac Vift Nam, Hifn dgi vd nhiing dpng thdi cua truyen thdng a Vift Nam • nhihig cdch tiip cpn nhdn hpc quyln 2, Nxb Dpi hpc qudc gia TP.HCM, 2007, tr.24, 26, 27 4,5,9 Nguyin Ngpc Mai, Hi^n tugng tin dong Iwi cdnh mdi - nghiin ciru truang hpp & dong bdng Bdc Bp L u ^ an ti^n st Van h6a hpc, 2011, tr.80 6, Vifn Khoa hoc xa hpi, Yiea ngon ngQ hpc, Tu Hdn Vift, Nxh TP.HCM, 2008, tr.72-73,660 10, 11 Nguyin Th) Hiln B^nh mn: chuan dodn vd chira trj lin ^ng cua nguai Hfl, Hifn dpi vd nhOng dong thdi cua truyen thdng a Viet Nam: nhirng cdch tiep cgn nhdn hpc, quyen 2, Nxb Dgi hpc quoc gia TP.HCM,2Q07,\i.42,43 12 Nguyen Quang Le, Bdn vi moi quan hfpOtt Ph^ gido vdi dpo Mdu dan gian, Irong Dgo Mdu vd cde hinh thuc Soman cac tpc ngu&i a Vipt Nam vd Chau A, Nxb Khoa hpcXd hpi Ha NOi, 2008, tr.228 ... xa vao nhung ll quan trgng cua Phgt gido hodc nhung tide efia ede tiidnh ttong dgo Mdu Ban h$i vd dong bull ll hlu thdnh Anh Thanh E)i>c So 377 iThdng 11-2015 ^ TU- L i e u tnmg quan ttpng ttong... cdch tiep cgn nhdn hpc, quyen 2, Nxb Dgi hpc quoc gia TP.HCM,2Q07,i.42,43 12 Nguyen Quang Le, Bdn vi moi quan hfpOtt Ph^ gido vdi dpo Mdu dan gian, Irong Dgo Mdu vd cde hinh thuc Soman cac tpc... thyc hdnh ngM Id thudng xuyen, nhung dugc hdi bdn hOi nghia Id gi thi lai ng§p ngiing, Ifing tfing Quan dilm thfi nhdt cho rdng bdn hpi la mgng ludi eua nhung ngudi ldn ding dd vd tinh loai bd nMlu