Đánh giá hiệu quả hoạt động của ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần ngoại thương theo mô hình camels

NGÂN HÀNG NHÀ NƯỚC VIỆT NAM BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGÂN HÀNG TP HỒ CHÍ MINH -›› PHAN VŨ PHƢƠNG QUYÊN ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ HOẠT ĐỘNG CỦA NGÂN HÀNG THƢƠNG MẠI CỔ PHẦN NGOẠI THƢƠNG THEO MƠ HÌNH CAMELS KHĨA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP CHUN NGÀNH: TÀI CHÍNH – NGÂN HÀNG MÃ SỐ: 7340201 TP HỒ CHÍ MINH, 2020 NGÂN HÀNG NHÀ NƯỚC VIỆT NAM BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGÂN HÀNG TP HỒ CHÍ MINH -›› PHAN VŨ PHƢƠNG QUYÊN ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ HOẠT ĐỘNG CỦA NGÂN HÀNG THƢƠNG MẠI CỔ PHẦN NGOẠI THƢƠNG THEO MÔ HÌNH CAMELS KHĨA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP CHUN NGÀNH: TÀI CHÍNH – NGÂN HÀNG MÃ SỐ: 7340201 NGƢỜI HƢỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC TH.S LIÊU CẬP PHỦ TP HỒ CHÍ MINH, 2020 I TÓM TẮT Mục tiêu viết phân tích hiệu hoạt động kinh doanh ngân hàng TMCP Ngoại thương thơng qua mơ hình CAMELS Nghiên cứu áp dụng phương pháp định tính thơng qua việc thu thập xử lý nguồn liệu thứ cấp từ báo cáo tài chính, báo cáo thường niên, tài liệu ngân hàng Thông qua nghiên cứu, tình hình hoạt động kinh doanh ngân hàng TMCP Ngoại thương Việt Nam đánh giá theo mơ hình CAMELS xem tốt, chưa đến mức cần quan tâm tra giám sát xếp hạng thứ tổng số hạng mơ hình Các tiêu tài nằm khoảng an tồn, có tiến triển tốt qua năm, đặc biệt nhóm tiêu đầu bao gồm: vốn, tài sản, quản lý ngân hàng đánh giá với thứ hạng cao nhất, nhiên số hạn chế hoạt động kinh doanh ngân hàng tác giả đề xuất biện pháp cải thiện Trong giai đoạn 2016-2018, kết phân tích cho thấy ngân hàng hoạt động tốt, bên cạnh cịn tồn số yếu tố mang đến rủi ro cho ngân hàng quy mô vốn chủ sở hũu chưa tăng kịp với tốc độ tăng tổng tài sản hay hệ số ROA chưa có gia tăng rõ rệt Ngân hàng cần có biện pháp khắc phục kịp thời để nâng cao chất lượng giảm thiểu rủi ro đến mức thấp nhằm tạo cho ngân hàng hoạt động ổn định, tạo nên niềm tin uy tín dành cho khách hàng II ABSTRACT Bank managers need to know the health of their own banks to be able to make the right and timely decisions in the management of banking activities Assessing the performance of the bank is essential, through which, bank administrators will have a more general view and make timely recommendations and solutions to overcome difficulties that banks are facing In the United States, it is very important to evaluate the overall performance of banks by implementing the prescribed banking supervision framework, and the CAMELS system has been applied for the first time here The CAMELS monitoring framework emphasizes the parameters of the banking system by adopting business reports and balance sheets to evaluate performance and accurately assess the financial situation of banks line CAMEL is a method or a tool used to analyze the performance and risk of a bank, which was developed in the United States on November 13, 1979 by the Supervisory Bank's Supervisory Committee international This model is based on the economic indicators of the financial statements, the rating is allocated from rank (best) to grade (worst) The objective of this paper is to analyze the business performance of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam through CAMELS model The study applied qualitative methods through the collection and processing of secondary data sources from financial statements, annual reports, and bank documents Through the study, the situation of business activities at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam assessed by CAMELS model is considered to be quite good, not to the extent that it needs the attention of supervisory inspectors when being Rank out of in total for the model The financial ratios are in the safe range and have progressed well over the years, but there are still some limitations in the business activities of the bank and the author has proposed improvement measures In the study, there will be a detailed analysis of basic criteria in the bank's CAMELS model including: Capital Adequacy, Asset quality, Management ability, Earning, Liquidity and finally Sensitivity to Market III Risk The main contents include the following: Firstly, analytical research on the bank's Capital Adequacy in the 2016-2018 period The minimum capital adequacy ratio of Vietcombank in the period of 20162018 tends to increase During the above period, Vietcombank always maintained the minimum capital adequacy ratio higher than the minimum requirement of 9% of the State Bank, showing that the financial situation was quite healthy over the years of Vietcombank Always maintaining the CAR capital adequacy ratio in accordance with regulations will help the bank to ensure support for the payment of due debts, as well as further support for its business activities Vietcombank's self-financing ratio for the period of 2016-2018 has not changed much, ranging from 0.05 to 0.06 The self-financing ratio is quite low, which proves that Vietcombank needs to increase equity growth to increase its financial security while Vietcombank's financial leverage ratio is very high higher, higher than the average standards of banks and tends to increase gradually in the period 2016-2018 ICG of Vietcombank was always above 12%, and tended to increase rapidly in the period of 2016-2018, especially in 2018, the ICG coefficient continued to increase sharply with the growth rate of 56.41% and reached the value 26.07% In short, the current CAR level can ensure stable credit growth for Vietcombank at least in 2019 With the State Bank's divestment plan to continue in 2019 as well as the large mobilization space through Bond channel and the stability of business activities of the bank, Vietcombank will not be under too much pressure on capital base in the short to medium term Secondly, the bank's assets size tends to increase gradually in the period of 2016-2018 Specifically, in 2016, Vietcombank's asset size was 787,906 billion VND, in 2017, it increased sharply by 31.4% and reached 1,035,293 billion VND In the structure of assets, customer loans accounted for the largest proportion, over 50% of the bank's total assets, the value of investment securities accounted for the third proportion of the bank's total assets, but there was a irregular fluctuations The value of loans and investments are profitable assets and tend to increase, showing IV that the growth rate of profitable assets at banks has fluctuated in a good direction, showing favorable conditions in business activities of the bank The value of other assets only accounted for a small proportion and fluctuated unevenly during this period Customer loans in 2016 reached VND 452,684 billion, accounting for 57.45%, in 2017 customer loans increased to VND 535,321 billion, equivalent to a decrease of 51.71% and by 2018, the value increased sharply to 621,573 billion and the proportion increased to 57.87% This is a safe level compared to the system, when ensuring that liquid assets such as loans not account for a very high proportion of total assets Leaving LAR too high causes potential liquidity risk for banks Leaving LAR too high causes potential liquidity risk for banks Overdue debt of the bank in the period of 2016-2018 tended to decrease, the ratio of overdue debt decreased by 1.58% in 2018 In 2018, Vietcombank's NPL ratio dropped to less than 1%, showing that the bank's ability to manage loan quality is well controlled In 2016, the provision for credit risk provisions of Vietcombank was lower than that of the State Bank, which led to the lack of initiative in compensating for losses caused by unreal customers However, this figure has increased in 2017 and 2018, and Vietcombank's ability to cover bad debts was very low in 2016 at only 43.51% The situation of Vietcombank's asset quality is very good in 20162018 when maintaining a positive growth rate of assets, especially profitable assets It is noteworthy that the bank's non-performing loan ratio tends to decrease continuously, especially below 1% in 2018, showing that the bank's ability to manage and handle bad debts will contribute greatly on bank income Thirdly, Vietcombank has established an executive management structure in accordance with the standards of organization and operation of commercial banks (Decree 59/2009 / ND-CP of July 16, 2009 of the Government and Circular No 20 / VBHN-NHNN dated 12/12/2018) Vietcombank's staff efficiency has increased from VND 0.44 billion / person in 2016 to VND 0.85 billion / person in 2018 Thus, the quality of human resources of the bank is showing signs of increasing , especially in the context that the economy is recovering gradually after the world V economic crisis In banking management, with a team of competent and experienced management, Vietcombank is proud to be one of the banks with good governance capacity and the bank itself has gained a lot of prestige in the market school With a properly decentralized management structure and close interaction between management and inspection, between business and safety, Vietcombank has shown a strict and effective management system Fourthly, the profitability ratio of total assets of the bank in the period of 2016-2018 has reached positive values, confirming that Vietcombank's assets are capable of generating profits However, the bank's ROA ratio is not high, particularly in 2016 and 2017, the ROA reached 0.88% As such, Vietcombank needs to continue adjusting its operating policies so that it can maintain and develop profitability from its assets Compared with ROA, the ROE of Vietcombank is quite high and continuously increases in the period of 2016-2018 The main reason is that Vietcombank has been quite successful in managing profit margins from interest rates, lending and mobilizing interest rates were flexibly operated, closely following the market but still kept quite high profit margins Interest income still tended to increase during this period, but the ratio of non-interest income N-NIM tended to fluctuate irregularly Vietcombank's CIR has tended to fluctuate unevenly during this period, in 2018 this rate decreased to 34.65%, showing that the bank's operating expenses have decreased significantly compared to its operating income According to the bank, the bank's profitability in 2016-2018 tends to increase, but the ROA in 2017 has no change compared to 2016 The cost to income ratio of the bank has decreased, indicating that the bank's operating efficiency is being improved Fifthly, the Liquidity reserve ratio is always higher than required by the SBV, the liquidity reserve ratio of Vietcombank has increased from 32.8% in 2016 to 35.9% in 2017, and by the year 2018 decreased to 24.1% In 2016-2018, the oneyear non-standard deposit guarantee ratio was 2017 with a value of 49% due to a sharp increase of 89.33% in high liquidity assets during the year Vietcombank maintained the LDR ratio around 76-77%, performing well according to the circular VI of the State Bank However, this also proves that the bank has relied quite a lot on deposits in loan balance growth, so the LDR ratio is quite high It can be seen that the liquidity of the bank is quite good over the years when the liquidity ratios meet the standards, but the bank still depends heavily on customer deposits and the coefficient of Deposit insurance has time not met the standard Finally, in terms of organizational structure and risk management, Vietcombank regularly reviews and consolidates the risk management apparatus in accordance with the principle of three protection routes: (i) the first protection line has the function of receiving format, control and risk reduction; (ii) the second line of defense is to develop a risk management policy, internal regulations on risk management, measurement, risk monitoring and compliance with laws and (iii) protection routes The third defense has an internal audit function The bank is relatively sensitive to market risks, it is studying the forecast of market changes, thereby adjusting its business activities accordingly, turning risks into opportunities profit-making association for the bank In addition to the prevention, detection, and minimization of operational risks, the bank also conducted operational risk transfer through its operational risk insurance packages for its assets suggests some solutions to improve and improve business performance at Vietcombank in accordance with the CAMELS model Therefore, in the context of fast and unpredictable business environment, in the next year, the bank should build and perfect its business model, improve its financial capacity, improve service quality and towards long-term sustainability goals to consolidate and promote core values to create a sustainable development foundation for Vietcombank VII LỜI CAM ĐOAN Khóa luận cơng trình nghiên cứu riêng tác giả, kết nghiên cứu trung thực khơng có nội dung công bố trước nội dung người khác thực ngoại trừ trích dẫn dẫn nguồn đầy đủ khóa luận Tác giả PHAN VŨ PHƢƠNG QUYÊN ... nghiệp ? ?Đánh giá hiệu hoạt động Ngân hàng TMCP Ngoại Thương Việt Nam theo mơ hình CAMELS? ?? đạt số kết sau: - Đã hệ thống hóa số sở lý luận phân tích hoạt động kinh doanh ngân hàng mơ hình CAMELS. .. phân tích đánh giá kết hoạt động kinh doanh Ngân hàng TMCP Ngoại thương Việt Nam theo mơ hình CAMELS - Đề xuất số giải pháp nhằm nâng cao hiệu hoạt động kinh doanh Ngân hàng TMCP Ngoại thương Việt... MƠ HÌNH CAMELS TRONG PHÂN TÍCH HOẠT ĐỘNG KINH DOANH CỦA NGÂN HÀNG 1.1 PHÂN TÍCH HOẠT ĐỘNG KINH DOANH CỦA NGÂN HÀNG THƢƠNG MẠI 1.1.1 Giới thiệu phân tích hoạt động kinh doanh Ngân