Conceptual metaphors in dế mèn phiêu lưu ký by to hoai and its english version translated by dang the binh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG THÁI CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN “DẾ MÈN PHIÊU LƯU KÝ” BY TO HOAI AND ITS ENGLISH VERSION TRANSLATED BY DANG THE BINH FIELD: English Linguistics CODE: 22 02 01 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr NGUYEN TAT THANG BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG THÁI ẨN DỤ Ý NIỆM TRONG TÁC PHẨM “DẾ MÈN PHIÊU LƯU KÝ” CỦA TƠ HỒI VÀ BẢN DỊCH TIẾNG ANH CỦA DỊCH GIẢ ĐẶNG THẾ BÍNH Ngành: Ngơn Ngữ Anh Mã số: 22 02 01 Người hướng dẫn: PGS TS NGUYEN TAT THANG i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby confirm that the thesis entitled CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN “DẾ MÈN PHIÊU LƯU KÝ” BY TO HOAI AND ITS ENGLISH VERSION TRANSLATED BY DANG THE BINH is the result of my own study and contains no materials published elsewhere or extracted in the whole, or in part from a research by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgments in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Quy Nhon, September, 2020 Nguyễn Thị Hồng Thái ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Nguyễn Tất Thắng for his acceptance to be my supervisor, and for providing me with insightful and valuable comments Thanks to his knowledgeable advice, I was able to narrow down the topic as well as improve the content of my paper In addition, my sincere appreciation goes to my lecturers at Quy Nhon University who provided me a lot of useful knowledge during the course I would not be able to carry out this research without their guidance, support, and input Thirdly, I would like to express my deep gratitude to all those who contributed, directly or indirectly, to this study Particularly, I am thankful to my colleagues of Cat Tien secondary school for their support and encouragement Without them, the study would have been impossible Last but not least, I want to send our special thanks to my family, especially my parents and my husband whose tremendous care and neverending love lifted me up whenever things got tough Without their support, I would not have been able to complete this study iii ABSTRACT This study attempted to investigate the conceptual metaphors in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai and its English versions translated by Dang The Binh The data for this research were chosen from 188 metaphoric expressions in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu kí” In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, both qualitative approach and quantitative approach were used to identify conceptual metaphors in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai and their English versions translated by Dang The Binh Besides that comparative and contrastive analysis, descriptive and inductive techniques were also used The finding indicated that the three types of conceptual metaphors used in the work were quite different in distribution In the Vietnamese version, the ontological metaphors were found appearing 69 times with the highest position, making up 36.7% of the total number of the conceptual metaphors analyzed Ranking the lowest position was the orientational metaphors, with 30.9% The other metaphors were structural ones In contrast, in “Diary of a Cricket” by Đặng Thế Bính, the ontological metaphors took up the lowest position, with only 31.6% Both structural metaphors and orientational metaphors occur 26 times, at a rate of 34.2% Basing on the results, we found out the loss and gain of the conceptual metaphors in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai when they were translated into English by Dang The Binh Most of the metaphors found in the Vietnamese version were replaced by metaphors or stylistics devices when they were translated into English by Dang The Binh The unchanged metaphors only took up 30.3% Finally, the results helped us suggest some implications for teaching and learning English metaphors iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES viii CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aim and objectives 1.2.1 Aim 1.2.2 Objectives 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Significance of the study 1.6 Organization of the study CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical Background 2.1.1 Introduction 2.1.2 Traditional metaphors 2.1.3 Metaphors from cognitive Linguistics 2.1.3.1 Cognitive Linguistics 2.1.3.2 Conceptual metaphors 10 2.1.3.3 Classification of Conceptual Metaphors 12 2.1.3.4 Mapping in metaphors 17 2.1.4 Theory of Translation 18 2.1.4.1 Definition of Translation 18 2.1.4.2 Loss and gain in translation 19 v 2.1.5 An overview of the Tale De Men Phieu Luu Ky 22 2.1.5.1 Biography of To Hoai 22 2.1.5.2 Biography of Dang The Binh 23 2.1.5.3 A brief review of “Diary of a Cricket” 24 2.2 Previous studies 24 2.3 SUMMARY 30 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 31 3.1 Research approaches 31 3.2 Data collection 31 3 Data analysis 32 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 33 4.1 Quantitative analysis of metaphors in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai and “Diary of a Cricket” by Dang The Binh 33 4.2 Qualitative analysis of metaphors in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai 40 4.2.1 Semantic features of conceptual metaphors in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by Tơ Hịai 41 4.2.1.1 LIFE IS A JOURNEY 41 4.2.1.2 LIFE IS WAR 43 4.2.1.3 TIME IS MONEY 45 4.2.1.4 AFFLICTION IS FIRE 46 4.2.1.5 EMOTION IS expressed through THE HUMAN BODY PARTS 46 4.2.1.6 CHARACTER IS expressed through THE HUMAN BODY PARTS 47 4.2.1.6 STATE is expressed through THE HUMAN BODY PARTS 49 vi 4.2.1.8 GROWTH is expressed through THE HUMAN BODY PARTS 50 4.2.1.9 PART OF BODY is a PLACE 51 4.2.1.10 BLOOD IS HEAT 52 4.2.1.11 ATTITUDE IS COLD 52 4.2.1.12 EVENTS AND ACTIONS ARE NUTRIENTS 53 4.2.1.13 CHARACTER IS A DISTANCE 53 4.2.1.14 DISTANCE IS TIME 54 4.2.1.15 LIVING CONDITION IS expressed through EVENT 55 4.2.1.16 EMOTION AND CHARACTER are expressed through ACTIONS 56 4.2.1.17 NATURE is expressed through PLANT 57 4.2.1.18 CAPTIVE LIFE IS A FOUL CITY 57 4.2.1.19 NATURE IS A PERSON 58 4.2.1.20 EMOTION IS A PERSON 59 4.2.1.21 STOMACH IS A PERSON 60 4.2.1.22 LANGUAGE IS A PERSON 61 4.2.1.23 RANDOM IS A PERSON 61 4.2.1.24 THINGS ARE HUMAN BODY PARTS 62 4.2.1.25 LESSON IS A AVAILABLE COMMODITY 63 4.2.1.26 CHARACTER IS AN ENTITY 64 4.2.1.27 MIND IS AN ENTITY 64 4.2.1.28 PART OF BODY IS A CONTAINER 65 4.2.1.29 WEAK IS DOWN/ STRONG IS UP 66 4.2.1.30 HAPPY IS UP/ SAD IS DOWN 68 4.2.1.31 HIGH STATUS IS UP 69 4.2.1.32 NIGHT IS DOWN/ SUN (DAY) IS UP 69 4.2.1.33 DEATH IS DOWN 70 vii 4.2.1.34 BAD IS DOWN 71 4.2.1.35 ENDURANCE/ BONDAGE IS IN 71 4.2.1.36 WINTER IS DOWN/ SPRING IS UP 72 4.2.2 Lexical features of conceptual metaphors in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by Tơ Hịai 76 4.2.2.1 Nouns 76 4.2.2.2 Verbs 77 4.2.2.3 Adjectives 78 4.2.2.4 Verbs and Nouns 79 4.2.2.5 Adjectives and Nouns 80 4.2.2.5 Verbs and Adverbs 81 4.3 Loss and gain in conceptual metaphor in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai and “Diary of a Cricket” by Dang The Binh 82 4.3.1 The unchanged metaphors in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai and their English version by Dang The Binh 83 4.3.2 The unchanged metaphors with the modified metaphorical expressions in English version by Dang The Binh 86 4.3.3 The replaced metaphor or other stylistic devices in English version by Dang The Binh 89 4.3.4 The loss of metaphors “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai in English version by Dang The Binh 92 4.4 SUMMARY 97 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 99 5.1 Recapitulations 99 5.2 Implication for language teaching and learning 101 5.3 Limitations and suggestions for further study 102 REFERENCES 104 APPENDICES viii LIST OF TABLES Table Title number Page number Table 2.1 Source and target domains in Ontological metaphors 14 Table 2.2 The metaphoric mapping of LOVE IS A JOURNEY 17 Table 2.3 Peter Newmark’s translation methods (1988:45) 20 Table 4.1 Types of conceptual metaphors 33 Table 4.2 Subtypes of ontological metaphors and their occurrence frequency in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai Table 4.3 Subtypes of orientational metaphors and their occurrence frequency in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai Table 4.4 Subtypes of structural metaphors and their occurrence frequency in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai Table 4.5 The frequency of metaphors in terms of semantics in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai Table 4.6 The parts of speech in the metaphor in “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai and their English version by Dang The Binh Table 4.7 The unchanged metaphors in Dang The Binh’s version Table 4.8 The unchanged metaphorical expressions in English version by Dang The Binh’s version 34 36 38 74 82 83 86 Table 4.9 The changed metaphors by replacing metaphors with other stylistic devices in English version by Dang The Binh’s 90 version Table The loss of metaphors “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký” by To Hoai 4.10 in English version by Dang The Binh’s version Table The translated metaphors in English version by Dang The 4.11 Binh 93 96 Pl-5 4.31 Ngộ có kẻ đến phá thật chết …(p.14) Suppose an enemy comes, you will have nowhere to escape! (p.11) Nothing could be funnier than this Nhưng buồn cười thay, xóm 4.32 rỉ tai bàn bí mật mà tận xa xa nghe tiếng uôm oạp (p.93) war council of batrachians: even though they took good care to guard “State secrets,” the debate was conducted in such stentorian voices that we lost not a word of it (p.68) 4.33 Mày to đầu mà mày nỡ đánh thằng bé ngần à? (p.38) “Aren’t you ashamed of assailing someone so much weaker than yourself?”(p.26) Nhiều anh Châu Chấu vừa nứt Many 4.34 grasshoppers mắt bắng nhắng lên đài enthusiastically jumped into the (p.103) 4.35 young Tôi dọn giọng, vỗ đôi cánh nhỏ đến nách ……… (p.9) arena (p.77) I rubbed my wings together and uttered a few loud and enthusiastic (p.8) Máu nóng người sôi 4.36 sùng sục, tưởng nghe tiếng Anger seethed in me (p.23) (p.35) 4.37 4.38 , trông thấy em, mặt anh lạnh đá kia? (p.63) Anh dế bên lồng sang Then I very politely asked him the reason for his cold reception (p.45) Neither did my adversary dare to Pl-6 không dám đánh tôi, nhạt attack me, which was completely trò (p.45) ruined the game (p.31) …, khách xem thấy 4.39 thi đấu loạc choạc, ngấy, On the whole, they made a rather họ chơi hội xem poor show (p.77) võ.(p.103) … cịn tính khốc lác ếch 4.40 tấc lên trời, Cóc omitted nhiều (p.91) Ờ! ếch cốm lập mưu 4.41 này, lão khoác lác tấc đến trời mà mưu lược gớm.(p.96) 4.42 … vào đến vùng Rùa Rùa xa phiên chợ (p.91) I smelled some dark plot The spotted frog was a cowardly braggart, but he might not be a fool I was pretty sure he had a hand in this ambush (p.71) “It will take you at least three months Believe me, I’ve been there …” (p.65) It is not our intention to claim any Ðất lành chim đậu, thấy phong honour or title in your land We 4.43 tục vui chúng tơi đến góp mặt just wanted to contribute our part vui chung mà (p.114) to the joyful atmosphere of the festival (p.84) Thưa hai võ sĩ, đất lành chim “Sirs, there is an old saying that 4.44 đậu, hai võ sĩ qua đây, lại có ‘birds come to propitious land’ lịng lên thi thố tài nghệ siêu We are honoured by your visit, quần, … (p.115) ….(p.86) Pl-7 4.45 4.46 Đã vậy, tính nết lại ăn xổi … (p.14) …, dám đưa mắt lên nhìn trộm.(p.12) … he was not the sort of fellow who could undertake serious projects … (p.10) omitted Nhưng đầu đầu gỗ lim But my skull was as hard as 4.47 lựa cách đỡ, khơng vần hết ironwood and his blows did me (p.111) " Ròng rã lâu ngày 4.48 vượt khỏi thành phố xù xì u ám gớm ghiếc (p.133) practically no harm (p.83)(simile) It took me quite some time to get out of that foul city (p.101) Bè chúng tơi khơng cịn We were no longer gliding along a 4.49 dòng sông xinh đẹp hôm qua peaceful river, between tender(p.75) green grassy banks (p.54) Chẳng may gió đẩy mũi bè But it might also blow us away 4.50 khơi, mãi, cịn chết from it And thus be the cause of đói chờ đợi chỗ tận our inevitable death by starvation ấy(p.75) (p.55) Chúng chẳng muốn gây However, I was thoroughly tired 4.51 khơng lưu luyến đất này, of this place, its muddy landscape, đất buồn (p.95) Tôi định thần nhìn kỹ thấy 4.52 quanh có luồng sóng cồn đuổi theo (p.95) 4.53 and unsympathetic people (p.70) In his wake, the water grew agitated (p.70) …, bực tơi tức Moreover, tốc trở lại.(p.111) incident remembering an hour ago, the the Pl-8 arrogance of the mantis got on my nerves (p.83) Lòng tin hy vọng với tôi, 4.54 an ủi tôi, xua đuổi buồn nản (p.151) 4.55 vốn háu ăn, … (p.77) tráng thúc giục ngày đường (p.138) Những tiếng: giang hồ, hoạt 4.57 my morale intact, nourishing the hope that one day I would recover my freedom (p.112) …, dày chúng And ………., hát hùng 4.56 In spite of that, I managed to keep động, kết nghĩa anh em thiên hạ đến nhảy múa óc (p.139) is the gargantuan appetite of us crickets (p.55) They talked and laughed gaily, exchanging jokes (p.105) Familiar words flashed through my mind: adventure, action …(p.105) Nhưng đến ngày kia, One 4.59 that day, though, something phải cảm ơn tình cờ happened that opened my eyes đến mở mắt (p.37) (p.25) Từ hang, đến 4.60 bãi, đồng, hoa may omitted trắng suốt chân trời.(p.116) Tôi cố cắn nan giỏ mỏng rớt, 4.61 chưa nhay mắt họ đem buộc túm đít giỏ lại ….(p.30) 4.62 I tried to gnaw at a threat, but the children tied up the basket, which left me no room for escape (p.21) Trong lòng suối chân đồi, omitted Pl-9 loài Cá Rắn Mịng đơng đủ giúp chúng tơi (p.185) … tích tơi thêm My antennae never grew back, 4.63 học vừa đắt, vừa đau đêm which was the price I paid for my (p.42) second lesson (p.28) … rèn lòng Life has made you a worthy man, 4.64 chín chắn thật đáng làm trai with a wise mind and a true heart (p.55) Nhưng óc bác Xiến Tóc dễ 4.65 mủn thành miếng bột, không gợn nếp nghĩ (p.137) (p.40) Longhorn seemed to me rather queer in the head and I was not really keen on staying with him (p103) Bởi tơi biết thường anh tính hay khoe I had seen him coming but did not 4.66 miệng hết có miệng pay much attention to his boastful bụng nhiều chẳng attitude (p.80) có cóc khơ (p.106) …Hỡi ơi! Cịn chi buồn bằng, 4.67 tuổi trẻ, gân cứng, máu cuồn cuộn ….(p.58) What a dreary prospect, When one is young, with strong muscles and rich blood, to live a monotonous life: … (p.42) Thằng chim Chích Honestly, Tailorbird was not such 4.68 hạt mít, chân leo kheo a dangerous adversary as he was tăm hương mỏ oặt rather small and his beak was sợi bún, cịn anh tơi tiny With my brother’s sharp Pl-10 sắc, có ngạnh vênh mandibles and strong hint – legs, hiểm… (p.61) Tôi ủ rũ, chẳng buồn ăn, chẳng 4.69 buồn đi, đứng không buồn đứng Suốt ngày nằm phục vị, thở dài.(p.44) Một buổi chiều, đứng cửa 4.70 hang khi, xem hồng xuống … (p.15) … (p.44) I was so sad that I lost my appetite and lay prostrated on the ground all day long (p 30) One afternoon, a few days later, I stood at my doorstep ……(p.12) Nằm trịn đít giỏ, tơi đưa Lying in the basket, I cast a last mắt nhìn lần cuối phong glance at the familiar cảnh nơi … Nắng vàng surroundings: ……, the golden 4.71 rải cây, vàng màu shine of the sun on the tươi lạ lùng, ………, thấy hồi leaves…… Knowing my fate was hộp lạnh sáu gan bàn about to be decided, I felt a chill chân (p.31) run through all my six legs! (p.22) “Being in poor health,” he Thôi, ốm yếu rồi, chết murmured, “I would not have 4.72 Nhưng trước lived long anyway So I am not nhắm mắt, khuyên anh:… really sad at having to die now .(p.22) But before living this world, I would like… (p.16) Thảm hại, nếm thêm có I went on raining blows on my 4.73 đá hậu, thằng bé quay unfortunate victim, now more cịn thoi thóp thở (p.38) 4.74 dead than alive (p.26) Cái mặt ngắn củn At the end of a long ringed neck, I Pl-11 cằm vuông bạnh lún (p.106) saw a square face, two squinting eyes, and bellicose antennae (p.80) Nhưng cố nhịn thở, But I held on, hoping that the 4.75 khơng chịu ló đầu …… water would seep out through the nhịn thở (p.28) 4.76 4.77 porous earth (p.20) Ðau điếng, mà đành ngậm Though the pain was unbearable, I tăm, không dám (p.42) Cánh đồng vắng ngắt,… (p.117) didn’t dare to cry (p.28) omitted …it became necessary for the … loài sống vùng inhabitants 4.78 lại bỏ cánh đồng lạnh ngắt lạnh migrate in of the search canton to of wild ngơ mà kiếm nơi tránh pineapple shrubs under whose rét (p.117) leaves they could take shelter (p.88) … nằm yên đấy, ngày xuân trở lại, thấy 4.79 ấm đậu xuống hai vai nghe tiếng chim chích kêu omitted vui chanh chách ngồi khe lá, lúc bước ra.(p.118) Trèo lên cỏ lau cao nhất, 4.80 ngước mắt trông thấy xa tít mà chẳng thấy chân trời (p.72) Even from the top of the tallest reed, one couldn’t boundaries (p.52) see its Pl-12 đói ghê gớm đánh liệt 4.81 dần phận người(p.78) 4.82 Hunger had taken away all our strength (p.56) Thôi hừ Em xin vái “My God, no! I can’t afford that …”(p.13) sáu tay (p.17) Thưa anh, em biết “Eldest Brother, … I know that 4.83 đời muốn mở mang trí óc traveling is good for anyone who phải bước chân bốn phương wishes to broaden his mind” (p.66) 4.84 (p.46) Ông ếch ngồi đáy giếng,…! “…, you frog – at – the - bottom – of – a – well!”(p.68) (p.93) Thế đám hội ầm vang lời I was immediately appointed chief hoan hô tôn lên and Mole – cricket deputy – chief 4.85 chánh phó, thủ lĩnh đứng đầu of this canton of grasshoppers, làng vùng cỏ katydids, chafers, and mantises may.(p.115) … hăng, hống hách, láo 4.86 tổ đem thân mà trả nợ cử ngu dại thơi (p.13) Tơi khơng muốn lúc 4.87 nhắm mắt phải ân hận ….(p.58) 4.88 4.89 (p.86) Alas, I didn’t know that one would have to pay dearly for such foolish bluster (p.10) I would not like to leave this world without knowing … (p.42) Tơi cứng khoeo, khơng nhích I was frozen with fear, unable to chạy (p.40) move an inch (p.27) …tổ tiên ta dạy cụ There’s also an old saying: Pl-13 khơng khun ta ngồi xó đâu “Travelling shapes a young man’s (p.66) character”, … (p.46) 4.90 Ðào mỉm miệng (p.127) For joy, peach blossoms smile 4.91 Liễu giương mày (p.127) 4.92 Ðầu nhà Én đỏ hót hay (p.129) …phịng tắt lửa tối đèn có 4.93 đứa đến bắt nạt em chạy sang (p.15) Willow trees wink and marvel (p.97) While under the eaves, swallows sweetly sing (p.97) “…I can thus escape to your place in case of danger …”(p.11) … Lòng đoan với lòng từ … promising myself that I would 4.94 phải biết phân biệt…những forthwith renounce all my foolish việc làm có suy nghĩ (p.26) swaggering (p.18) … Rồi bụng không định 4.95 mà chân lại nhấc dần ra… Omitted (p.29) 4.96 4.97 4.98 … trông mặt nước động biết chui đứng cửa tổ (p.30) Tơi hích mũi câu: - Ngứa mồm! (p.38) omitted So I snapped back at him, “Leave me alone, will you? It’s no business of yours!”.(p.26) - Á co vịi lại có … and said, “Now you are scared, phải không (p.42) aren’t you? ”(p.27) …chỉ thấy đủng đỉnh, nhếch 4.99 săn sóc nhạt Not be translated dần (p.44) Pl-14 4.100 4.101 4.102 4.103 Tôi lạnh đến tận hai chân That gave me quite a shiver! (p.45) Bên ba " gơn" trước ăn thưởng lão dế (p.46) Tôi đầu vườn, chui vào đám cỏ rậm(p.46) Nhon declared, “The team that won by three goals will get this cricket as a prize”(p.32)(simile) I stealthily crept out of the matchbox and into the nearest tuft of grass (p.32) Xổ lồng cái, khỏi ốm ngay, nhanh thế! (p.46) I felt strong again, which might be the miraculous effect of freedom (p.32) ….tôi nảy ý nghĩ đẹp thấy mặt đất 4.104 bao la, ……phong cảnh non omitted nước chờ đón thúc giục ta … (p.48) Ðời trai mà bay 4.105 nhảy, khơng biết biết A man worthy of the name should sống nhạt nhẽo see the world (p.34) lắm.(p.49) … thử coi gia 4.106 giáo nhà ta gì, đuôi lộn lên đầu hử?(p.63) 4.107 Du lịch xem xét nơi cho mở mang trí óc ra.(p.65) “…Don’t you have any sense of order?”(p.45) I smiled, “No, I am not I just wanted to see new places and people”(p.46) Pl-15 …hẳn cụ phát chán 4.108 thằng cháu ôm nấm đất đến mịn đời… (p.66) Một buổi chiều, tơi đứng bờ 4.109 đầm nước, trơng Khi hồng xuống…(p.67) … my ancestors should have been very disappointed to have such conservative offspring like my brother, … (p.46) Then, as I was standing on the edge of the pond one afternoon, looking at the immensity of the sky,… (p.47) …mặt nước phương trời 4.110 sáng lên giây lát, đượm vẻ bao la khêu gợi vơ hạn lịng Not be translated giang hồ.(p.67) Tơi bảo phía chân trời xa When I asked him to be my 4.111 có nhiều lạ, khơng companion on a big adventure, he nên đồng cỏ cũ (p.70) enthusiastically accepted (p.50) …, mơ màng nghe nước óc ách I listened dreamily to the rippling 4.112 chảy tiếng đàn thảnh thơi of the water Then I fell asleep gảy … (p.74) (p.54) Nhưng chẳng có chi, … but found nothing except a 4.113 xương sống cỏ small supply of grass, …… (p.75) (p.55) bám thật sóng 4.114 khơng lật chết chúng omitted tơi.(p.77) 4.115 Mỗi há miệng, ruột lép Hunger gave me terrible cramps muốn co lên (p.77) in the stomach (p.56) Pl-16 4.116 4.117 Sớm sau, nghe đầu bè có tiếng động rền tiếng sấm (p.81) …, bấm bụng nhịn cười thầy đồ Cóc (p.85) The next morning, … I could hear a thunder-like rumble at the other end of the raft (p.58) “Sir,” I replied in the same manner, trying not to laugh out loud …(p.62) Nhưng mặt Nhái Bén vốn nhợt 4.118 nghiêm xám hẳn lại omitted (p.90) Chúng bay sang buôn ngọc bên 4.119 vùng Rùa Rùa chân núi (p.71) “So you are going to Tortoise – land to trade precious stones, eh?” Rắn Mịng khước vừa lột, As to Grass – snake, he hastily 4.120 xương cốt mẩy cịn mỏng recalled his recent skin – manh lắm, chưa làm việc nặng shedding, which made him unfit được.(p.94) for any strenuous work (p.69) … khơng lần nhích …, he must have resumed his 4.121 đít khỏi sập oai vệ dignified pose on his brick throne! mà lão.(p.95) 4.122 4.123 (p.70) Nhưng đôi cánh Trũi ngắn Mole – cricket’s wings were too thun lủn, … (p.97) Bấy mặt đất đương mùa hoa may (p.100) short, … (p.71) omitted Trơng suốt bốn phía chân trời The forest was one of pleasant4.124 đâu phất lên màu trắng looking grass topped with clumps bàng bạc, …(p.100) of white flowers (p.76) Pl-17 4.125 Năm ngoái, cụ Bọ Ngựa già ốm Last year, the old canton – chief, a yếu khuất núi (p.102) mantis, had died (p.77) …, chân cỏ đỏ tía, đầu hoa xám 4.126 trắng lóng lánh dựng lên võ omitted đài nguy nga cao (p.102) 4.127 … khiến Trũi máu đòn thù (p.109) Người gã xanh rực vạm vỡ, 4.128 bắp chân bắp bóng nhẫy, mập mạp Lưng gã gờ lên rắn chắc, … (p.109) 4.129 Muỗm mệt phờ Bấy Trũi mở sức (p.110) gươm, quặp cổ tơi (p.111) sống có an nhàn 4.131 buồn tẻ khác hang quê nhà".(p.116) 4.132 arms and legs His back was well – protected by an armor of hard After a moment, he began to breathe heavily Mole – cricket then started an all-out counter – …, the mantis tried to get at my neck with the spikes on the edge of his sabers (p.83) “… Huống chi đời ta trẻ mà strong muscles bulging on his attack …(p.82) …,hắn liền đổi miếng ác, co The latter was a big chap, with green outer wings (p.81) Loanh quanh lát, Bọ 4.130 omitted Gió thổi hun hút kiến có chân bé tẹo I told him, “Don’t feel overjoyed just yet, my friend Life is more complicated think.”(p.87) omitted than you Pl-18 hạt bụi phải sức đào sâu xuống đất tìm tí đất ấm (p.118) …, dứa dỏng 4.133 tai cứng lên trời xám omitted (p.118) Dark clouds over the barren 4.134 …, mặt đất gió lùa giá land A strong wind raised the buốt vào tận ruột gan, (p.120) dust in greyish eddying drifts and the cold piercing (p.89) …buốt lên tận óc …… Ngày 4.135 đêm đầu khe lá, gió hú, gió gào…(p.122) But we had to spend one more night in the open… (p.90-91) Trời đông rét run cánh, run râu In spite of the cold drizzle and 4.136 mà làng Châu Chấu nhảy wind, they accompanied me for khe … (p.123) 4.137 more than ten miles (p.94) Ánh nắng lụa nõn nà phủ (p.127) a glossy veil of silk on the tops of the trees (p.96)(simile) …, đời sống biếng nhác 4.138 The beautiful sunshine spread like xung quanh khiến bực dọc ý nghĩa việc Châu Chấu Voi … (p.138) I grew tired of this kind of idle life I felt no sympathy for this bunch of revelers (p.103) Vả chăng, chán 4.139 cảnh, ngấy lắm.(p.139) tình omitted Pl-19 Ði mươi hơm đến chân 4.140 đê Dốc đê cao, leo tới mặt đê (p.140) A few days later, I came to a huge dike, which was so high that it took me half a day of climbing to get to the top (p.106) hát oán than phận, 4.141 hát tâm sự, omitted hát mang hy vọng xa: … (p.151) 4.142 Đến đỗi đầu chua me đất bé bỏng … (p.174) …, trăng cuối mùa xuân, sáng 4.143 dịu dàng (p.177) … ánh trăng chảy 4.144 lênh láng mặt lá, sang đẹp ban ngày (p.178) 4.145 …… , nghe ầm ầm bốn phiá chân trời (p.185) omitted Night fell There was a bright moonshine (p.131) …, their soaked in moonlight.(134) At dawn, while we were continuing our debate, a confused rumble was heard (p.137) Một quang cảnh chan hòa thân 4.146 diễn khắp vùng đồi … omitted (p.185) wings ... of conceptual metaphors are used in ? ?Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký? ?? by To Hoai and its English version translated by Dang The Binh and find out the loss and gain of the conceptual metaphors in ? ?Dế Mèn phiêu. .. lưu ký? ?? by To Hoai Table 4.6 The parts of speech in the metaphor in ? ?Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký? ?? by To Hoai and their English version by Dang The Binh Table 4.7 The unchanged metaphors in Dang The Binh? ??s... other stylistic devices in English version by Dang The Binh? ??s 90 version Table The loss of metaphors ? ?Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký? ?? by To Hoai 4.10 in English version by Dang The Binh? ??s version Table The