%*,ẩ2'&9ơơ272 ,+&ơ11* 751*91&1* 1*+,ầ1&871*+ 3+&&+7&$ AXIT STEARIC, /$85,&9,&2%$1 /81917+&6.+2$+ j1 ng 1P %*,ẩ2'&9ơơ272 ,+&ơ11* 751*91&1* 1*+,ầ1&871*+ 3+&&+7&$ AXIT STEARIC, /$85,&9Ӟ,&2%$1 &KX\rQQJjQK +yDKӳXFѫ Mã Vӕ 44 01 14 /8Ұ19Ă17+Ҥ&6Ƭ.+2$+Ӑ 1JѭӡLKѭӟQ JGүQNKRDKӑF 76 75Ҫ1 0Ҥ1+/Ө& Ĉj1ҹ ng ±1ăP LӠ,&$0Ĉ2$1 Tôi xin FDPÿRDQÿk\OjF{QJWUuQKQJK &iF V͙ OL͏X N͇WOj TX̫ WUXQJ QrX WURQJ WKF Yj O ÿ˱ͫF DLF{QJE͙WURQJḘWNǤF{QJWUuQK 7iFJLҧ 7UѭѫQJ9ăQ&ѭѫQJ MӨC LӨC MӢĈҪU 1 Lí chӑQÿ Ӆtài Mөc tiêu nghiên cӭu ĈӕLWѭ ӧng, phҥ m vi nghiên cӭu 3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQF ӭu Nӝi dung nghiên cӭu éQJKƭDNKRDK ӑc thӵc tiӉ n cӫDÿ Ӆtài Bӕcөc luұ QYăQ &+ѬѪ1*7 ӘNG QUAN TÀI LIӊU 1.1 TӘNG QUAN VӄSҦN XUҨT, TIÊU THӨBAO BÌ CHҨT DҾO VÀ QUÁ TRÌNH PHÂN HUӸSINH HӐC 1.1.1 Tәng quan vӅsҧ n xuҩ t, tiêu thөbao bì chҩ t dҿ o 1.1.2 Quá trình phân huӹsinh hӑ c bao bì chҩ t dҿ o 1.1.3 3KөJLD[~FWLӃQSKkQKXӹFKRF 12 1.2 GIӞI THIӊU VӄPHӬC 15 6ѫOѭ ӧc vӅnghiên cӭu phӭc chҩ WYjêQJKƭDF ӫa 15 1.2.2 Vai trị cӫa phӭc chҩ t 17 1.2.3 Màu sҳ c phәhҩ p thөphân tӱcӫa phӭc chҩ t 19 Ĉ ҺC TÍNH VÀ KHҦ1Ă1*3+ ҦN ӬNG TҤO PHӬC CӪA Co2+ 20 1.3.1 Giӟi thiӋ u vӅCoCl2 20 1.3.2 KhҧQăQJW ҥ o phӭc cӫ a Coban 22 1.4 *,Ӟ,7+,ӊ89ӄ$;,767($5,&$;,7/$ 25 1.4.1 Axit stearic 25 1.4.2 Axit oleic 25 1.4.3 Axit lauric 26 1.5 0Ӝ7 6Ӕ3+ѬѪ1*3+È37Ә1*+Ӧ33+Ӭ& 26 7әQJKӧSFiFSKӭFF KҩWGӵDYjRSKҧQӭQJW 26 7әQJKӧSFiFS KӭFFKҩWG ӵDYjRSKҧQӭQJR[L ±NKӱ 27 1.6 &È&3+ѬѪ1*3+È31*+,Ç1& Ӭ8;È&Ĉ ӎ NH THÀNH PHҪN CӪA PHӬC CHҨT 29 3KѭѫQJSKiSKRiKӑF[iFÿӏ 29 0ӝWVӕSKѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQ FKҩW 30 1.7 TèNH HèNH N*+,ầ1&87521*9ơ1*2ơ,1 35 &+1*1*8&R 1+ 3)6]Cl3 + 26H2O Có thӇcho rҵ QJÿ ҫ u tiên xҧ y phҧ n ӭng tҥ o thành [Co(NH3)6]2+: [Co(H2O)6]Cl2 + 6NH3 ĺ>&R 1+ 3)6]Cl2 + 6H2O rӗi tiӃ SÿRSK ӭc chҩ t sӁbӏoxi hoá: 4[Co(NH3)6]Cl2 + 4NH4Cl + O2 ĺ [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 + 4NH3 + H2O 3KѭѫQJSKiSW ә ng hӧSWUrQÿk\FK Ӎÿѭ ӧc áp dө ng phӭc chҩ Wÿ ҫ u dӉ ÿL Ӆ u chӃ Trong nhiӅ XWUѭ ӡng hӧp cҫ QÿL Ӆ u chӃnhӳng phӭc chҩ t vӟi sӕ R[LKRiNK{QJÿ һ FWUѭQJF ӫ a ion trung tâm, chҷ ng hҥ QÿL Ӆ u chӃcác phӭc chҩ t cӫa Cr0, Co+ v.v KLÿyQJѭ ӡi ta khӱcác phӭc chҩ t bҵ ng chҩ t khӱkhác QKDXQKѭK ӛn hӕng kim loҥ i, hidrua, bo hidrua, v.v tiӃ n hành phҧ n ӭng WURQJӡQJ P{L WUѫ WUѭ NK{QJ ӟc oxi khơng Fykhí KѫL Mӝ t sӕ Qѭ phӕi tӱ QKѭ[LDQXDSKRWSKLQ&2 WKѭ ӡng có khҧQăQJOjPE Ӆ n mӭc oxi hoá thҩ p cӫ a kim loҥ i chuyӇ n tiӃ p Vӟi mөFÿtFKQj\QJѭ ӡLWDWKѭ ӡng thӵc hiӋ n phҧ n ӭng khӱtrong NH3 lӓ ng NH3 lӓ ng Ví dө : K2Ni(CN)4 + 2K K4Ni(CN)4 29 Phӭc chҩ t tҥ o thành dӉbӏoxi hố khơng khí YjWѭѫQJWi ӟi Qѭ ӟc khí hidro [2], [5] 1.6 &È&3+ѬѪ1*3+È31*+,Ç1& Ӭ8;È&Ĉ ӎ NH THÀNH PHҪN CӪA PHӬC CHҨT 1.6.13KѭѫQJSKiSKRiKӑF[iFÿӏQK D;iFÿ͓QKKjPO˱ͫQJQ˱ͣFN͇WWL - ĈӕL YӟL SKӭF FKҩW WiFK ѭӟF UD QJѭӡL Wӯ P{L WD o KRQJNK{KRһFVҩ\QKҽ NKRҧQJ & ÿӇORҥLQѭӟF ҭPW WLQKWKuÿDVӕWUѭӡQJKӧSFKѭDEӏOR - 1KLӋWÿӝFӫDSKҧQӭQJWiFKQѭӟFN \ӃXWӕ : EҧQFKҩWLRQWUXQJWkPEҧQFKҩWS KӕLWӱEҧQFKҩWLRQF ÿѭӧF FKtQK [iF KjP OѭӧQJ QѭӟF NӃW W SKӕLKӧSSKѭѫQJSKiS ÿҫXWLrQJKL [iFÿӏQKKjPOѭӧQJQѭӟFNӃWWLQKWKH [2], [5] E;iFÿ͓QKKjPO˱ͫQJQJX\rQW͙ - 'QJFiFSKҧQӭQJKRiKӑFÿӇFKX\ WKjQKFiFFKҩWY{FѫÿѫQJLҧQQKѭN KRһFFiF KӧS FKҩW UӗL ÿӏQK OѭӧQJ FiF VҧQ SKҭ SKѭѫQJ SKiS FKXҭQ ÿӝ KRһF FiF SKѭѫQ QJX\rQWӱVҳFNê - ĈӏQK WtQK EҵQJ FiF SKѭѫQJ SKiS ÿ WKjQKSKҫQSKӭFFKҩWQJKLrQFӭXFy LRQSKӭFWҥ hay NK{QJQJѭӡLWDFyWKӇWLӃ QKjQKSKҧQӭQJWUDRÿәLJ YӟLWKXӕFWKӱÿһFWUѭQJ 30 1.6 0ӝW Vӕ SKѭѫQJ SKiS QJKLrQ F SKӭFFKҩW D3K˱˯QJSKiSSKkQWtFKWU͕QJO˱ /jSKѭѫQJSKiSSKkQWtFKÿӏQKOѭӧ FӫDV ҧQSKҭPKuQKWKjQKVDXNKLSKkQWt KD\SKѭѫQJSKiSYұWOtQKҵPWtQKWR Ĉk\OjSKѭѫQJSKiSSKkQWtFKÿӏQK ÿӏQKKҫXKӃWQJX\rQWӕFyÿӝFKtQK[ o &iFSKѭѫQJSKiSSKkQWtFKWUӑQJO - 3KѭѫQJSKiSFKѭQJFҩW - 3KѭѫQJSKiSÿLӋQSKkQ - 3KѭѫQJSKiSNӃWWӫD 7URQJSKҫQWKӵFQJKLӋPFKӫ\ӃXVӱ E3K˱˯QJSKiSSK͝K̭SWKͭK͛QJQ 3KәKӗQJQJRҥLWKXӝFORҥLSKә phân WtFKFҩXWU~F SKkQWӱÿӇÿ FӫDFiFGҧLKҩSWKөWURQJSKәKӗQJQ KLFiFVyQJÿLӋQWӯFӫDYQJKӗQ QJX\rQWӱOLrQNӃWYӟLQKDXWKuFiF KKLÿyFiFSKkQWӱVӁKҩSWKөQKӳQJ OѭӧQJWѭѫQJӭQJYӟLKLӋXJLӳDFiFP PүXQJKLrQFӭXÿѭӧFFKLӃXWLDKӗQJ FyQKӳQJWLDFyQăQJOѭӧQJ[iFÿӏQK PӟLEӏKҩSWKө.KLÿ GmQ KRһFXӕQFiF OLrQ NӃWWѭѫQJ ӭQJ ÿӝQJNKiFQKDXOjP[XҩWKLӋQSKәKӗQ ĈѭӡQJFRQJELӇXGLӉQVӵSKөWKXӝF QJRҥLFӫDPӝWFKҩWYjRVӕVyQ JKRһFEѭӟFVyQJȜFKtQ QJRҥLYLӃWWҳWWKHRWLӃQJ$QKOjSK 31 7URQJSKәKӗQJQJRҥLFӫDFiFSKӭF cao (4000 ±650 cm- YjYQJWҫQVӕWKҩS ±50 cm- 7URQJY VӕFD RQJѭӡLWDVӱGөQJQKӳQJWҫQVӕÿ QKѭ ±O-H, C=O, 6ӵFKX\ӇQGӏFKFiFWҫQVӕV WӱFKӍUDFyVӵWҥRWKjQKOLrQNӃW QJX\rQWӱOLrQNӃWYӟLNLPO RҥL7URQJYQJWҫQVӕW FKҩWWKu[XҩWKLӋQFiFGҧLGDRÿӝQJ ±SKӕLWӱFKRSKpS VӕOӵFOLrQNӃWFӫDNLPORҥL ±SKӕLWӱ 3Kә KӗQJQJRҥLFӫDFiF SKӭFFKҩW PӭFÿӝFӫDQKӳQJELӃQ ÿәLFӫDOLrQNӃWSKӕLWUt YӅ Gӝ EӅQ FӫD ±SKӕL OLrQWӱ NӃWYӅ NLP ÿӝ ORҥL ÿӗQJ ĈӇ Q QKұQELӃWÿѭӧFPӝWKӧSFKҩWFNJQJQK KӧS FKҩWÿyWDFҫQELӃWQKӳQJWҫQV FӫDFiFOLrQNӃ -O, C-H, N-H, C-N, O-H, [6] 7URQJSKҫQWKӵFQJKLӋPÿӇELӃWF tâm Co2+ WDVӁFKөSSKәKӗQJQJRҥLFӫDSK F.tQKKL͋QYLÿL͏QW͵TXpW 6FD ±SEM) KtQKKLӇQYLÿLӋQWӱTXpWOjPӝW ҧQKYӟLÿӝSKkQJLҧLFDRFӫDEӅPһW ÿLӋQWӱ FKPFiFHOHFWURQ KҽSTXpW YұW ÿѭӧFWKӵFKLӋQ WK{QJTXDYLӋFJKL QKұQYjSKkQWtFKFi WѭѫQJWiFFӫDFKPÿLӋQWӱYӟLPүXY 6ѫÿӗKRҥWÿӝQJFӫDNtQKKLӇQYL Hình 2.1 32 Hình 1.76˯ÿ͛KR̩Wÿ͡QJFͯDNtQKK 9LӋFSKiWUDFKPÿLӋQWӱWURQJ6 FNJQJJLӕQJQKѭYLӋ ÿLӋQWӱWURQJNtQKKLӇQYLÿLӋQWӱ V~QJSKyQJÿLӋQWӱ FyWKӇOjSKiW ), sau ÿyÿѭӧFWăQJWӕF7X\QKLrQWKӃWă 9ÿӃQ N9YuVӵKҥQFKӃFӫDWKҩXNtQKWӯ VyQJ TXi QKӓ YjR PӝW ÿLӇP NtFK WKѭӟ SKiWUDWăQJWӕFYjKӝLWӵWKjQKPӝ ÿӃQYjLQDQRPHW QKӡKӋWKӕ QJWKҩXNtQKWӯVDXÿy FiFFXӝQTXpWWƭQKÿLӋQ &KPHOHFWURQKҽSVDXNKLÿLUDN EӅPһWPүX&iFHOHFWURQÿұSYjREӅ KӧSFiFKҥWWK ӭFҩSÿLWӟLGHWHFWRU7ҥLÿk\ WtQKLӋXÿLӋQ&iFWtQKLӋXÿLӋQVDX YjÿѭӧFTXpWOrQҧQK&iFYQJWӕLY WKӭFҩSÿұSYjRӕQJWLDFDWRWWӭF OjSKөWKXӝFYjRJyFQ VDXNKLWѭѫQJWiFYӟLEӅPһWPүX& 33 iQKKuQKGҥQJFҩXWU~FEӅPһWYұWO G3K˱˯QJSKiSSKkQWtFKQKL͏W 3KѭѫQJSKiSSKkQWtFKQKLӋWOj WәKӧSFӫDFiFSKѭѫQ QKLӋWFKX\ӇQSKDYjQKӳQJÿһFÿLӇP KRһF FӫD KӋ JӗP QKLӅX FKҩW WѭѫQJ Wi QJKLrQFӭXSKӭFFKҩWQyFKRSKpSWK FӫDFiFSKӭFFKҩWUҳQ'ӵDYjRKL ӋXӭQJQKLӋWFyWKӇQJ WUuQKELӃQÿәLKRiOtSKiWVLQKUDN VӵSKiYӥPҥQJWLQKWKӇVӵFKX\ӇQS QyQJFKҧ\FiFFKҩWUҳQFiFWѭѫQJWi Ĉӗ WKӏ LӇXE GLӉQ Vӵ ELӃQ ÿәL WtQK FKҩ QKLӋWÿӝ - WKӡLJLDQJӑLOjJLҧQÿӗQKLӋW> ÿѭӡQJ - ĈѭӡQJ 7 FKӍ Vӵ ELӃQ ÿәL ÿѫQ WKXҫ JLDQĈѭӡQJQj\FKRELӃWQKLӋWÿӝ[ҧ ELӃQKRi - ĈѭӡQJ '7$ FNJQJ FKӍ UD Vӵ ELӃQ ÿә PүXFKXҭQ ÿѭӡQJYLSKkQ ÿѭӡQJQj\ QKLӋWKLӋXӭQJQjROjKLӋXӭQJWRҧ WLӇXKLӋXӭQJWRҧQKLӋWYӟL FiFSLFFӵFÿҥLWUrQÿѭӡQ - ĈѭӡQJ 7*$ FKR ELӃQ WKLrQ NKӕL Oѭ WUuQK ÿXQ QyQJ 1Kӡ ÿѭӡQJ FRQJ Qj\ FKҩWNKL[ҧ\UDFiFKLӋXӭQJQKLӋW 'ӵD YjR SKѭѫQJ SKiS SKkQ WKX WtFK ÿѭӧF QK QKӳQJGӳNLӋQYӅWtQKFKҩWFӫDSKӭF - ĈӝE ӅQQKLӋWFӫDSKӭFYjFiF\ӃXWӕ - ;iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFSKӭFFyFKӭDQѭӟF QѭӟFKLӋXӭQ JPҩW QѭӟFWKѭӡQJOjKLӋXӭQJWKX ӭQJ 34 PҩWQѭӟFNӃWWLQKWKѭӡQJWKҩSKѫQQK - +LӋQWѭӧQJÿӗQJSKkQKuQKKӑFK NqPWKHRKLӋXӭQJWRҧQKLӋW>@ H3K͝WiQV̷FQăQJO˱ͫQJWLD; 3KәWiQVҳFQăQJOѭӧQJWLD;KD\ OjSKәWiQVҳFQ NƭWKXұWSKkQWtFKWKjQKSKҫQKRiKӑ ;SKiWUDWӯYұWUҳQGRWѭѫQJWiFYӟ FyQăQJOѭӧQJFDRWURQJFiFNtQKKLӇ 7URQJFiFWjLOLӋXN KRDKӑFNƭWKXұWSKәWiQ YLӃWWҳWOj(';KD\ EDX [XҩWSKiWWӯWrQJӑLWLӃQJ -dispersive Xray spectroscopy .ƭWKXұW(';FKӫ\ӃXÿѭӧFWKӵFKL FiFNtQKKLӇQY ÿy ҧQKYLFҩXWU~FYұWUҳQÿѭӧFJKLO WK{QJTXDYLӋFVӱG FyQăQJOѭӧQJFDRWѭѫQJWiFYӟLYұW ÿѭӧFFKLӃXYjRYұWUҳQQyVӁÿkP[X WiFYӟLFiFOӟSÿLӋQWӱErQWURQJF QYLӋF WҥRUDFiFWLD;FyEѭӟF VyQJÿһFW ngu\rQWӱWKHRÿӏQKOXұW0RVOH\ &y QJKƭD Oj WҫQ Vӕ WLD ; SKiW U FKҩWFyPһWWURQJFKҩWUҳQ9LӋFJK VӁFKR WK{QJWLQYӅFiFQJX\rQWӕKRiKӑFF tin YӅWӍSKҫQFiFQJX\rQWӕQj\ ĈӝFKtQK[iFFӫD(';ӣFҩSÿӝPӝW QKұQ ÿѭӧF Vӵ Fy PһW FӫD - FiF WUӣ QJX\rQ OrQ nKLrQ(';WӓUDNK{QJKLӋXTXҧYӟL QKѭ+% ... n phҭ m Coban (II) oleat 61 3.3 NGHIÊN CӬU TӘNG HӦP PHӬC CӪA COBAN VӞI AXIT LAURIC 66 3.3.1 Nghiên cӭu yӃ u tӕҧ QKKѭ ӣQJÿ Ӄ n phҧ n ӭng tҥ o phӭc cӫa coban vӟi axit lauric ... THҦO LUҰN 44 3.1 NGHIÊN CӬU TӘNG HӦP PHӬC CӪA COBAN VӞI AXIT STEARIC 44 3.1.1 Nghiên cӭu yӃ u tӕҧ QKKѭ ӣQJÿ Ӄ n phҧ n ӭng tҥ o phӭc cӫa coban vӟi axit stearic 44... lí cӫa sҧ n phҭ m Coban (II) stearat 50 3.2 NGHIÊN CӬU TӘNG HӦP PHӬC CӪA COBAN VӞI AXIT OLEIC 55 3.2.1 Nghiên cӭu yӃ u tӕҧ QKKѭ ӣQJÿ Ӄ n phҧ n ӭng tҥ o phӭc cӫa coban vӟi axit oleic