ĈҤ,+Ӑ&Ĉ¬1Ҹ1* ĈҤ,+Ӑ&6Ѭ3+Ҥ0 KHOA SINH +Ï$/8Ұ17Ӕ71*+,ӊ3ĈҤ, 1JKLrQFӭXÿһFÿLӇPSKkQEӕF KҥLWҥLĈҥL1ӝL - +XӃYjELӋQSKiSSKzQJ [ҥNKXҭQ6WUHSWRP\FHV 6LQKYLrQWKӵFKLӋQ 7UҫQ7Kӏ0ӻ/\ &KX\rQQJjQK &ӱQKkQ6LQK 1JѭӡLKѭӟQJGүQ Ĉӛ7KX+j Ĉj1ҹQJ tháng 5/ 2013 0ӢĈҪ8 ĈҺ79Ҩ1Ĉӄ 9LӋW1DPOjPӝWÿҩWQѭӟFFyQӅQYăQ QKLӅX EҧQ VҳF ULrQJ /j ÿҩW QѭӟF YӟL Kj 1DP WURQJ - +XӃ ÿy ĈҥL Oj PӝW 1ӝLWURQJ Vӕ GL WtFK côQJQKұQOjGLVҧQYăQKyDWKӃJLӟL'L FiLQKuQVkXVҳFKѫQYӅYLӋFSKiWWULӇQ FӫDÿҩWQѭӟF%rQFҥQKVӵF{QJQKұQFӫD di WtFKFK~QJWDOҥLSKҧLÿӕLPһWYӟLQKӳQ di tích ĈҥL1ӝL - +XӃQҵPWURQJYQJFyÿӝ ҭPFDR FKӫQJQҩPPӕFSKiWWULӇQQrQFK~QJÿmOj WKӑ PҩWJLiWUӏWKҭPPӻFӫDF{QJWUuQKYjF KRjQKSKL1ăP WұSÿRjQ5K{QH3RXO SKzQJFKӕQJFiFYLVLQKYұWJk\KҥLFKR VӕKҥQJPөFF{QJWUuQKTXDQWUӑQJNKiF GLӋWYjSKzQJWUӯVDXWKӡLJLDQNKXĈҥL - +XӃYүQEӏQҩPPӕFJk 7URQJWKӡLJLDQTXD , F{QJWUuQKNLӃQWU~FĈҥL1ӝL ±+XӃ ÿmFyQKLӅXEL ÿӇQJăQ FKһQVӵJk\KҥLFӫDQҩPPӕFӣGLWtF SKiSÿӅXFKӍPDQJWtQKWҥPWKӡLFөFEӝ FiFJLҧLSKiSÿӅXNK{QJÿѭӧF[k\GӵQJGӵ KӑF *LҧL SKzQJ SKiS WUӯ FKӍ KLӋX TXҧ NKL ÿѭӧF [ FKXҭQYӅVLQKKӑFVLQKWKiLKӑFYӅORjL ;XҩWSKiWWӯ \rXFҫXFҩSWKLӃWFӫDWKӵFWӃ YӟLPRQJPXӕQJySS tác ÿӝQJ Jk\KҥL FӫD FiFFKӫQJ QҩP PӕFWUrQF{QJWUuQKN LӃQWU~F FK~QJW{LWLӃ WKӵFKLӋQÿӅWjL : ³1JKLrQFͱXÿ̿FÿL͋PSKkQE͙FͯD Ĉ̩L1͡L - +X͇YjEL͏QSKiSSKzQJWUͳVLQKK͕F 0Ө&7,Ç81*+,Ç1&Ӭ8 - 1JKLrQFӭXÿһFÿLӇPSKkQEӕFӫDFiF ҩPPӕFJk\KҥLWҥ - +XӃ Yj ELӋQ SKiS SKzQJ FiF FKӫQJ [ҥ WUӯ NKXҭQ Streptomyces VLQK KӑF sinh EҵQ kháng sinhOjPFѫVӣNKRDKӑFFKRYLӋFÿӅ[X SKzQJWUӯQҩP có KLӋXTXҧFDR 21Ӝ,'81*1*+,Ç1&Ӭ8 - XiFÿӏQKWKjQKSKҫQ NM gây KҥLWUrQFiFF{QJWUuQKN -+XӃ - Nghiên cӭXÿ һ FÿL Ӈ m phân bӕcӫa chӫ ng nҩ m mӕ c gây hҥ i công trình kiӃ n trúc tҥ LĈ ҥ i Nӝi - HuӃtheo thành phҫ QFѫFK ҩ t (gӛ , gҥ ch [LPăQJ - Nghiên cӭu sӵphân bӕcӫ a nҩ m mӕ c gây hҥ i mӝt sӕcơng trình kiӃ n trúc tҥ i Ĉҥ i Nӝ i - HuӃtheo thӡi gian (tháng) - Nghiên cӭu mӝ t sӕÿһ FÿL Ӈ m sinh hӑ c cӫ a chӫng NM gây hҥ i chính,hay gһ p - Nghiên cӭu thӱnghiӋ m khҧQăQJ ӭc chӃcác chӫng nҩ m mӕ c gây hҥ i chính, hay gһ p bҵ ng chӫng xҥkhuҭ n Streptomyces sinh kháng sinh mҥ nh é1*+Ƭ$.+2$+Ӑ&9¬7+Ӵ&7,ӈ1&Ӫ$ 3éQJKƭDNKRDKӑF &XQJFҩSQKӳQJGүQOLӋXEDQÿҫXYӅWKj QҩPPӕFJk\KҥLWKHRWKjQKSKҫQFѫFKҩW rình NLӃQWU~FWҥLĈҥL1ӝL - +XӃ 3éQJKƭDWKӵFWLӉQ ;iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFPӝWVӕÿһFÿLӇPVLQKKӑ KD\ JһS OjP Fѫ Vӣ NKRD KӑF FKR YLӋF QJ QҩPPӕFJk\KҥLNK{QJҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQFiF WQJYQKyDWURQJ JySSKQERYYjSKiWKX\JLiWUFD &+1* 71*48$17ơ,/, *,,7+,89/&+6+ẻ1+7+ơ1+ &$,1, - +8 1.1.1 L ch sӱhình thành Kinh Thành +XӃ Oj WzD WKjQK ӣ Fӕ ÿ{ +XӃ Q 1JX\ӉQ WURQJ VXӕW QăP Wӯ ÿӃQ WURQJVӕFiFGLWtFKWKXӝFFөP4XҫQWKӇ OjGLVҧQYăQKRiWKӃJLӟL.LQK7KjQ K+XӃÿѭӧFNKҧRViWWӯQă GӵQJWӯYjKRjQFKӍQKYjRQăP ĈҥL 1ӝL Oj YzQJ WKjQK WKӭ KDL ErQ WU +RjQJJLDFNJQJOjQѫLOjPYLӋFFӫDWULӅ - +XӃFzQOjQ WӵWәWLrQYjFiFYӏYXDQKj1JX\ӉQQJ KYj7ӱ &ҩP7KjQKOjĈҥL1ӝL ĈҥL1ӝLÿѭӧF[k\GӵQJQăPQKѭQJ ÿLӋQYӟLNKRҧQJKѫQF{QJWUuQKWKu LQK0ҥQJYjRQă PӑLYLӋFPӟLÿѭӧFKRjQWҩW>@ Ĉ һFÿL Ӈ m kiӃ n trúc LQK7KjQK+XӃÿѭӧFÿӏQKKѭӟQJWKHRWX FKLDWKjQKFiFNKXYӵFNKiFQKDX7әFKӭ 7KjQK +XӃ һF ÿLӇP Oj ÿ UҩW TXDQ WUӑQJ WURQJ NLӃQ GөQJUҩWQKLӅXWURQJNLӃQWU~FFXQJÿLӋQ 9LӋFWҥRUDOӟSNK{QJJLDQVkQYѭӡQÿD KLrQKjQJFӝWJL~SÿLӅXKRjYLNKtKұ X/ӟSNK{QJJLDQWҥRVӵ WURQJ NLӃQ WU~F WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ ÿӗQJ WKӡL NK{QJJLDQ1JRjLUDFiFF{QJWUuQKFKt ӣFiFF{QJWUuQKQKѭĈLӋQ7KiL+Rj1Jӑ {Q.ỗjL+7KjQK+ 1JKrQK/QJỗuQKV{QJ+QJQ~L1J% LQK7KjQK+XF[k\GQJWKHRNLQ WjLWuQKYLNLQWU~FWKjQKTXiFKSKQ E%F V{QJ+QJ[RD\PWYKQJ1DPY JLLKQELYzQJWKjQKWKHRWKWQJ 10km, cao 6,6m, dày 21m ÿѭӧF[k\NK~FNKXӹXYӟLQKӳQJ ÿӅXQKDXNqPWKHR FiFSKiRQKmQÿҥLEiFNKRÿҥQ V{QJ ÿjR YӯD PDQJ FKӭF QăQJ EҧR YӋ YӯD FKLӅXGjLKѫQNP.LQK7KjQK+XӃFy WUrQWKjQKFyWKLӃWOұSSKiR ÿjLÿӇSKzQJWKӫ>@ ĈҥL1ӝLFyPһWEҵQJJҫQYX{QJPӛLEӅ Gj\P[XQJTXDQKFyKjREҧRYӋĈҥL1ӝ (phía Nam) 1Jӑ0{QSKtDĈ{QJFyFӱD+LӇQ1Kѫ , SKtD%ҳFFyFӱD+zD%uQK&iFFҫXYjKӗ 7ҩWFҧFiFF{QJWUuQKOӟQQKӓWURQJĈҥ KӗOӟQQKӓ YѭӡQKRDFҫXÿiFiFKzQÿҧRYjFi PӛL F{QJWUuQKFyNKiFQKDXQKѭQJYӅWәQJ ³WUQJOѭѫQJWUQJWKLӅP´YjÿһWWUrQQӅ JҥFK%iW7UjQJP QJyLKRjQJOѭXO\FiFFӝWÿѭ ӧFVѫQVRQWKӃSYjQJ [1] 0Ӝ76ӔĈҺ&Ĉ,ӆ09ӄ1Ҩ00Ӕ C 1.26ӵSKkQEӕFӫDQҩPPӕFWURQJW 1ҩPPӕF SKkQEӕUҩWUӝQJUmLWURQJÿҩWQѭ WURQJFѫFKҩWPjYLNKXҭQYj[ҥNKXҭQNK 6ӵSKkQEӕFӫDQҩPPӕFWURQJNK{QJNK g khí NK{QJSKҧLOjP{LWUѭӡQJVӕQJFӫDQҩPP QҩP PӕF WӗQ WҥL 1JXӗQ JӕF QѭӟF FӫD ÿӝQJ QҩPYұW PӕF QJѭӡLWKHRJLyWKHREөLSKiWWiQNKҳSQ NK{QJNKtSKөWKXӝFYjR\ӃXWӕVDX 3KөWKXӝFYjRNKtKұXWURQJQăP P ӧQJQҩPPӕFWKѭӡQJ Yӟ LFiFPDNKiFWURQJQăPQJѭӧFOҥLQҩP ҭPNK{QJNKtQKLӋWÿӝFDRJLyPѭDYjF a thiên nhiên [14] 3KөWKXӝFYQJÿӏDOê QKӳQJYQJJҫ PӕFWURQJNK{QJNKtEDRJLӡFNJQJQKLӅXK ELӇQEDRJLӡFNJQJtW QҩPPӕFKѫQQKӳQJNKXYӵFNKiF 3Kө WKXӝF QJ YjR VӕQJ KRҥW FӫD ÿӝ FRQ QJѭӡL FRQ WURQJQKӳQJQJX \rQQKkQJk\{QKLӉPNK{QJNKt [14] 6ӵSKkQEӕFӫDQҩPPӕFFzQSKөWKXӝFQ P{L WUѭӡQJ &K~QJ Fy QKLӅX WURQJ һF FiF D[LW Oӟ \ӃXWURQJJLӟLKҥQS+NKRҧQJ - 6ӕOѭӧQJQҩP PӕFWU WKHRWKӡLJLDQWURQJQăP [14] 1.2&ҩXWҥRFӫDQҩPPӕF 7KHRKӋWKӕQJSKkQORҥLFӫD:KLWWDNHU QKkQ WKӵF WӃ S EjR OөF NK{QJ Wӕ VӕQJ Fy GLӋ Gӏ GѭӥQJ Yj KӧS9iFKWӃEjRFҩXWҥRFKӫ\ӃXOjFK itin, có hay khơng có xenlulozѫ 1ҩPPӕFFyFҩXWҥRKuQKVӧLSKkQQKiQ WULӇQUҩWQKDQKJӑLOjNKXҭQWLWKӇKD\ yYiFKQJăQ ÿDEj FyYiFKQJăQ ÿѫQEjR &KLӅXQJDQJF ӫDNKXҭQWLWKD\ÿәLWӯ ±10µm %jRWӱFiFORҥL NM khác FyQKLӅXPjXNKiFQKDX P Asp.oryzae), PjXÿHQ Asp niger PjXWUҳQJ Mucor, Rhyzopus) hay màu xanh (Pellicinium) [5] 1.2&iF\ӃXWӕҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQVӵSK 1KL͏Wÿ͡ 1KLӋW ÿӝ Oj \ӃX Wӕ TXDQ WUӑQJ FKR Vӵ PӕFQyLULrQJĈDVӕ NM SKiWWULӇQWӕWӣQKLӋWÿӝWUX - 260&QKLӋWÿӝ 0 ѭXFKRV ӵQҧ\ PҫPFӫDEjRWӱWUҫQOj ±280&QKLӋWÿӝWKҩS C cao QKҩ 0 QKҩWOj &'ѭӟL C 350&EjRWӱFӫDFK~QJNK{QJ WKӇFKӃWӣQKLӋWÿӝQѭӟFQyQJ C 10 phút WUӯPӝWVӕORjLQҩP [35] Ĉ͡ ̱P 7uQKWUҥQJYұWOêFӫDQѭӟFÿѭӧFELӇXW FӫDQѭӟFWURQJFѫFKҩWYjÿѭӧFJӑLOjK w +RҥW ÿӝ FӫD QѭӟFWURQJ FѫFKҩW ÿѭӧF E trêQEӅPһWFѫFKҩW 3 - 4XDQViWÿһFÿLӇPNKXҭQOҥFWUrQWKҥF + Hình dáng + Kích WKѭӟF ÿѭӡQJNtQKFKLӅXGj\ 'ҥQJPһW QKXQJPѭӧWPӏQOHQ[ӕS 0jXVҳFNKXҭQOҥFPһWWUrQYjPһWGѭ 'ҥQJPpSNKXҭQOҥF PӓQJGj\SKҷQJ *LӑWWLӃWQӃXFy QKLӅXtWPjXVҳF 0LNKXҭQOҥF (có, khơng mùi) 6ҳFWӕKRjWDQ PjXFӫDP{LWUѭӡQJ[ &iFFҩXWU~FNKiF EyVӧLEyJLi FiFFҩXWU~FPDQJEjRWӱWUҫQ )UXLWERG - FRQLGLRPDWD QKѭÿƭDJL giá (3\FQLGLD ÿӋPQҩP 6WURPD KҥFKQҩP - 4XDQViWFiFÿһFÿLӇPYLKӑFGѭӟLNtQ 6ӧLQҩP K\SKDH FyYiFKQJăQNK{Q %jRWӱWUҫQ FRQLGLD %ӝPi\PDQJEjRWӱ VSRUHDSSDUDWXV %ӝPi\PDQJEjRW ӱWUҫQ FRQLGLRJHQRXVDSSDUDW 7ӃEjRVLQKEjRWӱWUҫQ FRQLGLRJHQR [27] [35] 2.3.3 1JKLrQ P͡W ÿ̿F V͙ FͱX ÿL͋P VLQK K͕F FͯD F Jk\K̩LFKtQK KD\J̿S Ĉ̿FÿL͋PQX{LF̭\ 1X{LFҩ\FiFFKӫQJQҩPPӕFWUrQ P{LWUѭӡQJ &]DSHN QJX\rQJӕF:D 3'$1X{LFҩ\ӣQKLӋWÿӝ ±300&VDXWKӡLJLDQ -7 QJj\ÿHPUDTXDQ VLQKWUѭӣQJ HSCC, HSKSPjXVҳFEӅPһWNKXҭQOҥF SKѭѫQJSKiSFӫD6KHUOLQJYj*RWWOLHE ndarser [4] Ĉ̿FÿL͋PKuQKWKiL 24 969ÿѭӧFQX{LFҩ\WUrQ07WKtFKKӧSӣ ±300C, sau ±QJj\ÿHP TXDQViWPjXVҳF+6.6+6&&[iFÿӏQKP ĈHPTXDQViWGѭӟLNtQKKLӇQYLTXDQJKӑF FXӕQJVLQ WӱYjKuQKGҥQJEjRWӱWKHRNKyDSKkQ ORҥLFӫD%L;XkQĈӗQJ [7], Robert A Samson (1984) [35], Katsuhiko Ando (2002) [28] Ĉ̿FÿL͋PVLQKOêVLQKKyD - ;iFÿ͓QKQKL͏Wÿ͡W͙L˱X 1X{LFҩ\FiFFKӫQJQҩPPӕFWUrQP{LW FKKӧSӣQKLӋW , 20, 25, 28, 30 35°C 0ӛLQJѭӥQJQKLӋWÿӝFyOҫQQ ÿƭD SHWUL6DXWKӡLJLDQ ±7 QJj\Oҩ\UDTXDQViWNKҧQăQJ VӵSKiWWU HSCC, HSKS ӣFiFÿLӅXNLӋQQKLӋWÿӝNKiFQKDX QJNtQKNKXҭQOҥF - ;iFÿ͓QKS+W͙L˱X &iFQJѭӥQJS+WKtQJKLӋPOj &iFKFKXҭQEӏP{LWUѭӡQJ&]DSHF k FKRYjRFӕFYӟLFiFQJ 1X{LFҩ\FiFFKӫQJQҩP PӕFWUrQ P{L ÿLӅX ӍQK FK S+ ± VDX ±WKӡL QJj\ JLDQ Oҩ\ UD TXDQ Vi WUѭӣQJӣFiFS+NKiFQKDXYj[iFÿӏQKS+ &iFKÿRS+ PӛLFӕFP{LWUѭӡQJFKR FKRTXD\.KLQKuQPjQKuQKKLӋQOrQS+ ҫQS+ WLӃQ +&O YjR QӃX FҫQ S+! FKR WKrP 1D2+ Yj QKDXÿәP{LWUѭӡQJQj\VDQJFiFEuQKW YjRQӗLKҩSӣQKLӋWÿӝ &iSVXҩWDWPWKӡLJLD P{LWUѭӡQ ÿmQJXӝL & UyWUDÿƭDSHWULÿӇK{PVDXWL QKҳFOҥLPӛLOҫQQKҳFOҥLOj ÿƭDSHWULĈRÿѭӡQJNtQKNK QJj\QX{LFҩ\QҩP [33] - ;iFÿ͓QKKR̩WWtQK[HQOXOD]D amylaza ngo̩LEjR 6ӱ GөQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS NKӕL WKҥFK EҵQJ YzQJSKkQJLҧL ' - GPP 'OjÿѭӡQJNtQKYzQJSKk 25 6ӱGөQJP{LWUѭӡQJFѫVӣFyF{QJWKӭF J ±0,615, axit xitric ±2,25, WKҥ ch ±QѭӟFPO6DXÿyEәVXQJPӛLO Wӹ OӋ YjR WӯQJ EuQK ±DWP P{L WUѭӡQJ SK~W NKӱ Ĉә NKRDQWKҥFKQKӓGӏFKQX{LFҩ\YjRFiFO - 30°C ±2h Oҩ\ WUiQJ UD WKXӕF WKӱ WѭѫQJWӯ ӭQJ - QJj\ OrQ WUrQ WKu WK Kӝ WKXӕFWKӱUӗLÿRYzQJSKkQJLҧLĈӕLYӟL [5] 2.3.3. 3K˱˯QJ SKiS QJKLrQ FͱXcác WK͵ Q FKͯQJ Q̭P P͙F Jk\K̩LE̹QJF iFFKͯQJ[̩NKX̱QVLQKF P̩QK - 7X\ӇQ FKӑQ FiF FKӫQJ [ҥ NKXҭQ Fy NKҧ WUѭӡQJ*DX]H,*DX]H,, - 3KѭѫQJ SKiS : &ҩ\ NKӕL [ҥ WKҥFK NKXҭQ WUrQ P{L WUѭ petri sau - QJj\NKL[ҥNKXҭQPӑ FWӕWGQJNKRDQQ~WFK ÿһWYjRÿƭDSHWULÿmFҩ\ QҩPPӕF ĈӇYjRWӫOҥQKJLӡFKR QX{LFҩ\ӣQKLӋWÿӝ - 300&ĈӑFNӃWTXҧVDX - QJj\ÿӕLYӟLQҩP WtQKNKiQJVLQKÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKWKHRNt FKWKѭӟFYzQJY{NKXҭQ ' - d; mm) [9] 2.3.43KѭѫQJSKiS[ӱOêVӕOLӋX &iFVӕOLӋXWKXWKұSÿѭӧFSKkQWtFKW 3DFNDJHIRUWKH6RFLFDO6FLHQFHV YjVӱ êQJKƭDFӫDFiFWUXQJE uQKQJKLӋPWKӭF 26 &+ѬѪ1* ӂ748Ҧ9¬%,ӊ1/8Ұ1 ;ẩ& 1+ 7+ơ1+ CC CHI 10 3+1 0& *ặ