Factors influencing job satisfaction and work motivation of the facuties at the universities and colleges in thai nguyen city

FACTORS INFLUENCING JOB SATISFACTION AND WORK MOTIVATION OF THE FACULTIES AT THE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN THAI NGUYEN CITY A DISSERTATION PAPER Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate Program of the College of Arts and Sciences Central Philippine University, Philipppines In Collaboration with Thai Nguyen University, Vietnam By LE THU HA APRIL, 2018 i DECLARATION I certify that this is my own research The data stated in the thesis is true, all citations are indicated origin The research results of the dissertation were published in the scientific journal, not identical with any other works The author of the thesis LE THU HA iii LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi cam kết nghiên cứu riêng Các liệu nêu luận án trung thực, tất trích dẫn rõ nguồn gốc Các kết nghiên cứu luận án công bố tạp chí khoa học, khơng trùng với cơng trình khác Tác giả luận án LÊ THU HÀ iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researcher would like to acknowledge and appreciated to the following persons who wholeheartedly devoted and helped make this piece of work a reality: To Associate Professor Ph.D Nguyen Thi Gam for her advices, guidance, supervision, suggestions and precious time in enthusiastically reading and checking the manuscript, providing the author useful materials; To the chancellors of University of Economics and Business Administration for their enthusiasm support and flexibility during the study program Furthermore, The researcher appreciate my parents, my beloved husband and friends, who have been continuously supported and encouraged me throughout doctoral learning journey Without them, this dissertation would not have been completed successfully LE THU HA v LỜI CẢM ƠN Nhà nghiên cứu muốn bày tỏ lòng biết ơn sâu sắc đến người hết lòng cống hiến giúp luận án thành thực: Xin bày tỏ lòng biết ơn sâu sắc tới Phó giáo sư, Tiến sĩ Nguyễn Thị Gấm, người cho lời khuyên, hướng dẫn, giám sát, đề xuất thời gian quý báu việc nhiệt tình đọc kiểm tra thảo, cung cấp cho tác giả tài liệu hữu ích; Tới lãnh đạo Trường Đại học Kinh tế Quản trị Kinh doanh hỗ trợ nhiệt tình linh hoạt họ chương trình học Cuối cùng, xin bày tỏ lòng biết ơn sâu sắc tới cha mẹ, người chồng bạn bè yêu quý tôi, người liên tục hỗ trợ khuyến khích tơi suốt q trình học tiến sĩ Khơng có họ, luận án khơng hồn thành thành công LÊ THU HÀ vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv LỜI CẢM ƠN v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS x ABSTRACT ii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Rationale of the Study 1.2 Objectives of the Study 1.3 Theoretical Framework 1.4 Conceptual Framework 10 1.5 The Operational Definition of Variables 11 1.6 The Significance of the Study 15 1.7 Scope and Delimitations of the Study 16 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 17 2.1 Job Satisfaction 17 2.2 Work Motivation 18 2.3 Tools of work motivation and job satisfaction 20 2.5 Summary of the Literature Review 29 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 30 3.1 Research Design 30 3.2 Location of the Study 31 3.4 Research Instrument 33 3.5 Data Collection Procedure 44 3.6 Data Analysis 44 3.7 Ethical Consideration 45 CHAPTER IV DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 45 4.1 Respondents‟ Characteristics 46 4.2 Descriptive statistics analysis 50 4.3 Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA 56 4.5 Correlation Analysis 65 vii 4.6 Multiple linear regression analysis 66 4.7 Difference of job satisfaction follow individual characteristics test 73 4.8 Difference of work motivation follow individual characteristics test 75 4.9 Summary 76 CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 78 5.1 Conclusions 79 5.2 Recommendations 80 REFERENCES 84 APPENDIX 1: Survey Questionnaire 88 APPENDIX 2: Frequency Table of the sample 92 APPENDIX 3: Descriptive Statistics of the sample 93 APPENDIX 4: Reliablibity Test of Scales 94 APPENDIX 5: Result of factor analysis with independent variables 98 APPENDIX 6: Difference of job satisfaction follow individual characteristics test 101 APPENDIX 7: Difference of work motivation follow individual characteristics test 108 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Study Sample Size 33 Table 3.2 The Likert scale 34 Table 3.3 List of variables and initial items in the survey instrument 35 Table 3.4 Value and significance level of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient 38 Table 3.5 Cronbach'alpha analysis results 38 Table 3.6 Results of reliability test of scales 42 Table 4.1 Descriptive statistics analysis of salary and benefit 50 Table 4.2 Descriptive statistics analysis of training and promotion 51 Table 4.3 Descriptive statistics analysis of the relationship with superiors 52 Table 4.4 Descriptive statistics analysis of the relationship with colleagues 52 Table 4.5 Descriptive statistics analysis of the recognition 53 Table 4.6 Descriptive statistics analysis of the working conditions 54 Table 4.7 Descriptive statistics analysis of job satisfaction 54 Table 4.8 Descriptive statistics analysis of work motivation 55 Table 4.9 Result of the Factor Analysis of Independent Variables 57 Table 4.10 Names and abbreviations of variables after EFA 58 Table 4.11 EFA with scales of Salary and benefit 58 Table 4.12 EFA with scales of Training and promotion 59 Table 4.13 Factor Analysis of Relationship with superiors 60 Table 4.14 Factor Analysis of Relationship with colleagues 61 Table 4.15 Factor Analysis of Recognition 61 Table 4.16 Factor Analysis of Working conditions 62 Table 4.17 Factor Analysis of Job satisfaction 63 Table 4.18 Factor Analysis of Work motivation 64 Table 4.19 Correclation coeefficients 65 Table 4.20 Regression model of Job satisfaction variables 66 Table 4.21 Regression model of Work Motivation variables 69 Table 4.22 Regression model of Job satisfaction variable and Work Motivation variable 72 Table 4.23 Results of difference of job satisfaction by “Gender” test 74 Table 4.24 Result of the T test between “universities” and “colleges” 74 Table 4.25 Results of difference of work motivation by “Gender” test 75 Table 4.26 Result of the T test work motivation between “universities” and “colleges” 76 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1.Maslow's hierarchy of needs Figure 1.2 Two Factor Theory – Herzberg Figure 1.3 Basic expectancy model (Lunenburg F C., 2011) Figure 1.4 Conceptual Framework 10 Figure 3.1 Research Process 30 Figure 3.2 Map of Thai Nguyen Province 31 Figure 4.1 Distribution of the Respondents by Gender 46 Figure 4.2 Distribution of faculties respondents by Age group 47 Figure 4.3 Distribution of faculties by Highest Academic Qualifications 48 Figure 4.4 Distribution of faculties by teaching experience 49 Figure 4.5 Distribution of faculties by Income (VND) 49 x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ANOVA Analysis of Variance EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis KMO Kaiser – Meyer – Olkin Sig Significance SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences TNU Thai Nguyen University VIF Variance Inflation Factor 100 Component Matrixa Component REC_1 REC_2 RWS_5 REC_6 RWS_4 REC_3 RWS_3 RWS_2 REC_4 RWS_1 REC_5 RWC_5 RWS_7 RWS_8 RWS_6 RWC_4 REC_7 WORK_3 RWC_3 RWC_2 SAB_5 RWC_1 SAB_3 SAB_6 WORK_4 SAB_7 TAP_3 WORK_1 WORK_2 TAP_2 SAB_1 TAP_1 WORK_5 SAB_2 ,845 ,805 ,803 ,800 ,784 ,778 ,774 ,763 ,757 ,756 ,734 ,717 ,716 ,714 ,710 ,693 ,686 ,683 ,680 ,670 ,662 ,660 ,649 ,648 ,640 ,638 ,602 ,597 ,594 ,588 ,579 ,564 ,535 ,523 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis extracted a components Rotated Component Matrixa Component RWS_2 RWS_3 RWS_7 RWS_4 RWS_6 RWS_5 ,783 ,757 ,747 ,738 ,721 ,719 101 RWS_1 RWS_8 REC_5 REC_4 REC_3 REC_6 REC_7 REC_1 REC_2 RWC_3 RWC_2 RWC_1 RWC_4 RWC_5 SAB_1 SAB_3 SAB_2 SAB_5 SAB_7 SAB_6 WORK_3 WORK_2 WORK_1 WORK_4 WORK_5 TAP_2 TAP_3 TAP_1 ,693 ,557 ,746 ,744 ,738 ,607 ,597 ,547 ,538 ,839 ,793 ,761 ,739 ,645 ,776 ,755 ,718 ,627 ,614 ,509 ,739 ,735 ,611 ,591 ,583 ,807 ,785 ,734 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization Component Transformation Matrix Compone nt ,541 -,415 ,563 -,275 ,341 -,162 ,453 ,004 -,459 -,458 -,496 -,358 ,406 -,500 -,450 ,523 ,066 ,325 ,376 ,614 -,275 -,141 ,587 ,203 ,350 ,297 ,404 ,064 -,532 ,583 ,271 ,336 ,178 ,645 -,079 -,600 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization APPENDIX 6: Difference of job satisfaction follow individual characteristics test Group Statistics Gender SAT_1 SAT_2 N Mean Std Deviation Std Error Mean Male 102 3,37 ,855 ,085 Female Male Female 222 102 222 3,36 3,54 3,52 ,816 ,699 ,723 ,055 ,069 ,049 102 SAT_3 SAT_4 SAT_5 SAT_6 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 102 222 102 222 102 222 102 3,70 3,63 3,75 3,74 3,59 3,58 3,68 ,701 ,754 ,710 ,639 ,722 ,712 ,720 ,069 ,051 ,070 ,043 ,072 ,048 ,071 Female 222 3,58 ,718 ,048 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F SAT _1 SAT _2 SAT _3 SAT _4 SAT _5 SAT _6 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed ,019 ,093 ,654 2,533 ,163 ,036 Sig ,892 ,760 ,419 ,112 ,687 ,850 t-test for Equality of Means t df Sig (2tailed) Mean Difference Std Error Differen ce 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper ,123 322 ,902 ,012 ,099 -,183 ,207 ,121 188,164 ,904 ,012 ,101 -,187 ,211 ,248 322 ,805 ,021 ,086 -,147 ,190 ,251 202,286 ,802 ,021 ,085 -,145 ,188 ,742 322 ,459 ,065 ,088 -,108 ,239 ,762 209,978 ,447 ,065 ,086 -,104 ,235 ,147 322 ,883 ,012 ,079 -,144 ,168 ,142 179,013 ,888 ,012 ,082 -,151 ,174 ,084 322 ,933 ,007 ,086 -,161 ,175 ,083 193,656 ,934 ,007 ,086 -,163 ,177 1,109 322 ,268 ,095 ,086 -,074 ,265 1,109 195,853 ,269 ,095 ,086 -,074 ,265 103 Group Statistics Univ N Mean Std Deviation Std Error Mean SAT University College 211 113 3,36 ,777 3,36 ,917 ,054 ,086 SAT University College 211 113 3,54 ,692 3,50 ,757 ,048 ,071 SAT University College 211 113 3,63 ,728 3,70 ,755 ,050 ,071 SAT University College 211 113 3,74 ,663 3,75 ,662 ,046 ,062 SAT University College 211 113 3,59 ,714 3,57 ,718 ,049 ,068 SAT University College 211 113 3,61 ,705 3,62 ,748 ,049 ,070 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F Sig t-test for Equality of Means t Equal variances assumed 3,522 ,061 ,022 SAT Equal variances not ,021 assumed Equal variances assumed ,867 ,352 ,373 SAT Equal variances not ,363 assumed df Sig (2- Mean taile Differen d) ce Std Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper 322 ,983 ,002 ,097 -,188 ,192 199,120 ,984 ,002 ,101 -,198 ,202 322 ,709 ,031 ,083 -,133 ,195 211,866 ,717 ,031 ,086 -,138 ,200 Equal variances assumed ,009 ,924 SAT Equal variances not assumed -,855 322 ,393 -,074 ,086 -,243 ,096 -,846 222,172 ,398 -,074 ,087 -,245 ,098 Equal variances assumed ,085 ,771 SAT Equal variances not assumed -,105 322 ,916 -,008 ,077 -,160 ,144 -,105 229,252 ,916 -,008 ,077 -,160 ,144 Equal variances assumed ,025 ,875 ,312 SAT Equal variances not ,312 assumed Equal variances assumed ,098 ,754 SAT Equal variances not assumed 322 ,755 ,026 ,083 -,138 ,190 227,821 ,755 ,026 ,084 -,139 ,191 -,153 322 ,879 -,013 ,084 -,178 ,152 -,150 217,662 ,881 -,013 ,085 -,181 ,156 104 SAT Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Total SAT Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Total SAT Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Total SAT Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Total SAT Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Total SAT Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Total SAT SAT SAT SAT SAT SAT N 14 208 72 30 324 14 208 72 30 324 14 208 72 30 324 14 208 72 30 324 14 208 72 30 324 14 208 72 30 324 Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Descriptives 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Std Std Mean Deviation Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum 3,57 ,852 ,228 3,08 4,06 3,29 ,881 ,061 3,17 3,41 3,54 ,670 ,079 3,38 3,70 3,37 ,718 ,131 3,10 3,63 3,36 ,827 ,046 3,27 3,45 3,71 ,611 ,163 3,36 4,07 3,46 ,760 ,053 3,35 3,56 3,69 ,597 ,070 3,55 3,83 3,50 ,630 ,115 3,26 3,74 3,52 ,714 ,040 3,45 3,60 3,93 ,616 ,165 3,57 4,28 3,64 ,761 ,053 3,54 3,74 3,64 ,737 ,087 3,47 3,81 3,63 ,615 ,112 3,40 3,86 3,65 ,737 ,041 3,57 3,73 3,71 ,611 ,163 3,36 4,07 3,75 ,670 ,046 3,66 3,84 3,75 ,666 ,078 3,59 3,91 3,73 ,640 ,117 3,49 3,97 3,75 ,661 ,037 3,67 3,82 3,86 ,663 ,177 3,47 4,24 3,54 ,754 ,052 3,44 3,64 3,61 ,662 ,078 3,46 3,77 3,70 ,535 ,098 3,50 3,90 3,58 ,714 ,040 3,51 3,66 3,93 ,616 ,165 3,57 4,28 3,55 ,721 ,050 3,45 3,65 3,76 ,722 ,085 3,59 3,93 3,53 ,681 ,124 3,28 3,79 3,61 ,719 ,040 3,53 3,69 ANOVA Sum of Squares df 4,062 216,963 221,025 3,557 161,245 164,802 1,126 174,463 175,590 ,023 141,224 141,247 1,932 162,818 164,750 4,099 162,901 167,000 Mean Square F Sig 1,354 1,997 ,114 320 ,678 323 1,186 2,353 ,072 320 ,504 323 ,375 ,689 ,560 320 ,545 323 ,008 ,017 ,997 320 ,441 323 ,644 1,266 ,286 320 ,509 323 1,366 2,684 ,047 320 ,509 323 105 Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable (I) Age Less than 25 SAT years old SAT SAT SAT SAT (J) Age 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 26 - 35 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Greater than 45 Less than 25 years old years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 26 - 35 years old years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 26 - 35 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Greater than 45 Less than 25 years old years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 26 - 35 years old years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 26 - 35 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Greater than 45 Less than 25 years old years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 26 - 35 years old years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 26 - 35 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Greater than 45 Less than 25 years old years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 26 - 35 years old years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 26 - 35 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Greater than 45 Less than 25 years old years old 26 - 35 years old Mean Difference (I-J) Std Error ,283 ,227 ,030 ,241 ,205 ,267 -,283 ,227 -,253 ,113 -,078 ,161 -,030 ,241 ,253 ,113 ,175 ,179 -,205 ,267 ,078 ,161 -,175 ,179 ,258 ,196 ,020 ,207 ,214 ,230 -,258 ,196 -,238 ,097 -,043 ,139 -,020 ,207 ,238 ,097 ,194 ,154 -,214 ,230 ,043 ,139 -,194 ,154 ,289 ,204 ,290 ,216 ,295 ,239 -,289 ,204 ,001 ,101 ,006 ,144 -,290 ,216 ,000 ,101 ,006 ,160 -,295 ,239 -,006 ,144 -,006 ,160 -,036 ,183 -,036 ,194 -,019 ,215 ,036 ,183 ,000 ,091 ,017 ,130 ,036 ,194 ,000 ,091 ,017 ,144 ,019 ,215 -,017 ,130 -,017 ,144 ,319 ,197 ,246 ,208 ,157 ,231 -,319 ,197 -,073 ,098 -,162 ,139 -,246 ,208 ,073 ,098 -,089 ,155 -,157 ,231 ,162 ,139 95% Confidence Interval Sig Lower Bound Upper Bound ,599 -,30 ,87 ,999 -,59 ,65 ,869 -,48 ,89 ,599 -,87 ,30 ,113 -,54 ,04 ,962 -,49 ,34 ,999 -,65 ,59 ,113 -,04 ,54 ,762 -,29 ,64 ,869 -,89 ,48 ,962 -,34 ,49 ,762 -,64 ,29 ,555 -,25 ,76 1,000 -,52 ,56 ,787 -,38 ,81 ,555 -,76 ,25 ,070 -,49 ,01 ,989 -,40 ,31 1,000 -,56 ,52 ,070 -,01 ,49 ,589 -,20 ,59 ,787 -,81 ,38 ,989 -,31 ,40 ,589 -,59 ,20 ,489 -,24 ,82 ,536 -,27 ,85 ,605 -,32 ,91 ,489 -,82 ,24 1,000 -,26 ,26 1,000 -,37 ,38 ,536 -,85 ,27 1,000 -,26 ,26 1,000 -,41 ,42 ,605 -,91 ,32 1,000 -,38 ,37 1,000 -,42 ,41 ,997 -,51 ,44 ,998 -,54 ,47 1,000 -,57 ,54 ,997 -,44 ,51 1,000 -,23 ,23 ,999 -,32 ,35 ,998 -,47 ,54 1,000 -,23 ,23 ,999 -,36 ,39 1,000 -,54 ,57 ,999 -,35 ,32 ,999 -,39 ,36 ,370 -,19 ,83 ,639 -,29 ,78 ,904 -,44 ,75 ,370 -,83 ,19 ,879 -,32 ,18 ,653 -,52 ,20 ,639 -,78 ,29 ,879 -,18 ,32 ,940 -,49 ,31 ,904 -,75 ,44 ,653 -,20 ,52 106 SAT 36 - 45 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 26 - 35 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Greater than 45 Less than 25 years old years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old ,089 ,380 ,165 ,395 ,155 ,197 ,208 ,231 -,380 ,197 -,216 ,098 ,139 -,165 ,208 ,098 ,155 -,395 ,231 -,015 ,139 -,231 ,155 ,015 ,216 ,231 ,940 ,217 ,859 ,319 ,217 ,122 1,000 ,859 ,122 ,447 ,319 1,000 ,447 -,31 ,49 -,13 ,89 -,37 ,70 -,20 ,99 -,89 ,13 -,47 ,04 -,35 ,37 -,70 ,37 -,04 ,47 -,17 ,63 -,99 ,20 -,37 ,35 -,63 ,17 Group Statistics Work_position SAT N Leader/supervision Faculties SAT Leader/supervision Faculties SAT Leader/supervision Faculties SAT Leader/supervision Faculties SAT Leader/supervision Faculties SAT Leader/supervision Faculties Mean Std Deviation Std Error Mean 27 3,56 ,801 ,154 297 3,35 ,829 ,048 27 3,74 ,712 ,137 297 3,51 ,712 ,041 27 3,78 ,934 ,180 297 3,64 ,718 ,042 27 4,00 ,877 ,169 297 3,72 ,635 ,037 27 3,81 ,786 ,151 297 3,56 ,705 ,041 27 3,78 ,847 ,163 297 3,60 ,706 ,041 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Equal variances SAT assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances SAT assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances SAT assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances SAT assumed Equal variances not assumed ,023 Sig ,878 1,709 ,192 ,707 ,740 ,401 ,390 t 1,257 df 95% Confidence Mean Std Error Interval of the Difference Sig (2- Differenc Differenc tailed) e e Lower Upper 322 ,210 ,209 ,166 -,118 ,536 1,293 31,285 ,205 ,209 ,161 -,120 ,538 1,646 322 ,101 ,236 ,143 -,046 ,517 1,646 30,924 ,110 ,236 ,143 -,056 ,528 ,931 322 ,352 ,138 ,148 -,154 ,430 ,748 28,860 ,460 ,138 ,184 -,239 ,515 2,088 322 ,038 ,276 ,132 1,598 28,531 ,121 ,276 ,173 ,016 ,536 -,078 ,630 107 Equal variances SAT assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances SAT assumed Equal variances not assumed ,467 ,040 ,495 ,842 1,765 322 ,079 ,253 ,143 -,029 ,534 1,611 29,925 ,118 ,253 ,157 -,068 ,573 1,259 322 ,209 ,182 ,144 -,102 ,466 1,081 29,375 ,288 ,182 ,168 -,162 ,525 108 APPENDIX 7: Difference of work motivation follow individual characteristics test Gender Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT Group Statistics N 222 102 222 102 222 102 222 102 222 102 222 102 222 102 Mean 3,32 3,39 3,41 3,51 3,57 3,59 3,59 3,73 3,53 3,65 3,55 3,58 3,60 3,72 Std Deviation Std Error Mean ,802 ,054 ,798 ,079 ,723 ,049 ,829 ,082 ,732 ,049 ,736 ,073 ,658 ,044 ,692 ,068 ,747 ,050 ,726 ,072 ,709 ,048 ,737 ,073 ,710 ,048 ,763 ,076 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F Equal variances MOT assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances MOT assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances MOT assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances MOT assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances MOT assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances MOT assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances MOT assumed Equal variances not assumed ,000 Sig ,994 3,224 ,073 ,068 ,000 ,101 ,299 ,456 ,795 ,988 ,751 ,585 ,500 t-test for Equality of Means t -,755 df 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Sig (2- Mean Std Error tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper 322 ,451 -,072 ,096 -,261 ,116 -,757 197,192 ,450 -,072 ,096 -,261 ,116 322 ,250 -,104 ,091 -,283 ,074 -1,094 174,118 ,275 -,104 ,095 -,293 ,084 322 ,814 -,021 ,088 -,193 ,152 -,235 195,297 ,814 -,021 ,088 -,194 ,153 322 ,092 -,135 ,080 -,293 ,022 -1,662 187,652 ,098 -,135 ,081 -,296 ,025 -1,304 322 ,193 -,116 ,089 -,290 ,059 -1,318 201,246 ,189 -,116 ,088 -,288 ,057 322 ,737 -,029 ,086 -,198 ,140 -,332 189,373 ,741 -,029 ,087 -,201 ,143 322 ,181 -,117 ,087 -,288 ,054 -1,306 184,037 ,193 -,117 ,089 -,293 ,060 -1,151 -,236 -1,693 -,336 -1,341 109 Group Statistics Univ MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT N Mean Std Deviation Std Error Mean University 211 3,35 ,792 ,055 College 113 3,34 ,820 ,077 University 211 3,44 ,756 ,052 College 113 3,43 ,766 ,072 University 211 3,57 ,742 ,051 College 113 3,58 ,717 ,067 University 211 3,65 ,668 ,046 College 113 3,59 ,677 ,064 University 211 3,58 ,741 ,051 College 113 3,55 ,744 ,070 University 211 3,59 ,714 ,049 College 113 3,50 ,721 ,068 University 211 3,67 ,725 ,050 College 113 3,57 ,730 ,069 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed MOT MOT MOT Bachelor Master Doctor Total Bachelor Master Doctor Total Bachelor F ,142 Sig ,707 ,004 ,949 ,477 ,490 ,002 ,968 ,012 ,913 ,000 ,996 ,032 ,859 t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Mean Sig (2- Differe Std Error Difference t df tailed) nce Difference Lower Upper ,104 322 ,917 ,010 ,093 -,174 ,194 ,103 222,401 ,918 ,010 ,094 -,176 ,196 ,081 322 ,936 ,007 ,089 -,167 ,181 ,080 226,398 ,936 ,007 ,089 -,168 ,182 -,021 322 ,984 -,002 ,085 -,170 ,166 -,021 235,861 ,983 -,002 ,085 -,168 ,165 ,781 322 ,435 ,061 ,078 -,093 ,215 ,778 226,564 ,437 ,061 ,079 -,094 ,216 ,341 322 ,733 ,030 ,087 -,141 ,200 ,341 228,402 ,734 ,030 ,087 -,141 ,200 ,997 322 ,320 ,083 ,084 -,081 ,248 ,994 227,147 ,321 ,083 ,084 -,082 ,248 1,258 322 ,209 ,107 ,085 -,060 ,273 1,255 227,629 ,211 ,107 ,085 -,061 ,274 Descriptives Std Std 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimu N Mean Deviation Error Lower Bound Upper Bound m 57 3,54 ,847 ,112 3,32 3,77 225 3,30 ,772 ,051 3,20 3,40 42 3,29 ,864 ,133 3,02 3,55 324 3,34 ,800 ,044 3,26 3,43 57 3,70 ,865 ,115 3,47 3,93 225 3,37 ,709 ,047 3,28 3,47 42 3,43 ,801 ,124 3,18 3,68 324 3,44 ,758 ,042 3,36 3,52 57 3,77 ,780 ,103 3,57 3,98 Maximum 5 5 5 5 110 MOT MOT MOT MOT Master Doctor Total Bachelor Master Doctor Total Bachelor Master Doctor Total Bachelor Master Doctor Total Bachelor Master Doctor Total 225 42 324 57 225 42 324 57 225 42 324 57 225 42 324 57 225 42 324 3,52 ,707 3,57 ,770 3,57 ,732 3,79 ,674 3,60 ,647 3,57 ,770 3,63 ,671 3,77 ,780 3,52 ,726 3,55 ,739 3,57 ,741 3,72 ,796 3,53 ,694 3,48 ,707 3,56 ,717 3,75 ,830 3,61 ,693 3,62 ,764 3,64 ,728 ,047 ,119 ,041 ,089 ,043 ,119 ,037 ,103 ,048 ,114 ,041 ,105 ,046 ,109 ,040 ,110 ,046 ,118 ,040 3,43 3,33 3,49 3,61 3,52 3,33 3,56 3,57 3,42 3,32 3,49 3,51 3,44 3,26 3,48 3,53 3,52 3,38 3,56 3,62 3,81 3,65 3,97 3,69 3,81 3,71 3,98 3,62 3,78 3,65 3,93 3,62 3,70 3,64 3,97 3,70 3,86 3,72 3 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ANOVA Sum of Squares MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT MOT Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between ,976 Groups Within Groups Total df 2,812 204,161 206,972 4,910 180,856 185,765 2,786 Mean Square 2 1,406 2,210 ,111 2,455 4,357 ,014 1,393 2,623 ,074 321 ,563 323 321 ,531 323 1,738 ,869 143,555 145,293 321 ,447 323 174,600 177,506 321 ,544 323 1,901 ,950 163,985 165,886 321 ,511 323 ,488 170,048 171,025 Sig 321 ,636 323 170,436 173,222 2,906 F 321 ,530 323 1,943 ,145 1,453 2,672 ,071 1,860 ,157 ,921 ,399 111 Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (I) Academic_level Bachelor (J) Dependent Variable Academic_level MOT Master Doctor Master Bachelor Doctor Doctor Bachelor Master MOT Bachelor Master Doctor Master Bachelor Doctor Doctor Bachelor Master MOT Bachelor Master Doctor Master Bachelor Doctor Doctor Bachelor Master MOT Bachelor Master Doctor Master Bachelor Doctor Doctor Bachelor Master MOT Bachelor Master Doctor Master Bachelor Doctor Doctor Bachelor Master MOT Bachelor Master Doctor Master Bachelor Doctor Doctor Bachelor Master MOT Bachelor Master Doctor Master Bachelor Doctor Doctor Bachelor Master * The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level 95% Confidence Interval Mean Lower Upper Difference (I-J) Std Error Sig Bound Bound ,242 ,118 ,104 -,04 ,52 ,258 ,162 ,251 -,12 ,64 -,242 ,118 ,104 -,52 ,04 ,017 ,134 ,992 -,30 ,33 -,258 ,162 ,251 -,64 ,12 -,017 ,134 ,992 -,33 ,30 * ,328 ,111 ,010 ,07 ,59 ,273 ,153 ,175 -,09 ,63 * -,328 ,111 ,010 -,59 -,07 -,055 ,126 ,900 -,35 ,24 -,273 ,153 ,175 -,63 ,09 ,055 ,126 ,900 -,24 ,35 ,247 ,108 ,059 ,00 ,50 ,201 ,148 ,367 -,15 ,55 -,247 ,108 ,059 -,50 ,01 -,047 ,122 ,922 -,34 ,24 -,201 ,148 ,367 -,55 ,15 ,047 ,122 ,922 -,24 ,34 ,185 ,099 ,150 -,05 ,42 ,218 ,136 ,246 -,10 ,54 -,185 ,099 ,150 -,42 ,05 ,033 ,112 ,954 -,23 ,30 -,218 ,136 ,246 -,54 ,10 -,033 ,112 ,954 -,30 ,23 ,252 ,109 ,057 ,00 ,51 ,224 ,150 ,294 -,13 ,58 -,252 ,109 ,057 -,51 ,01 -,028 ,124 ,973 -,32 ,26 -,224 ,150 ,294 -,58 ,13 ,028 ,124 ,973 -,26 ,32 ,186 ,106 ,187 -,06 ,44 ,243 ,145 ,217 -,10 ,59 -,186 ,106 ,187 -,44 ,06 ,057 ,120 ,883 -,23 ,34 -,243 ,145 ,217 -,59 ,10 -,057 ,120 ,883 -,34 ,23 ,145 ,108 ,370 -,11 ,40 ,135 ,148 ,632 -,21 ,48 -,145 ,108 ,370 -,40 ,11 -,010 ,122 ,996 -,30 ,28 -,135 ,148 ,632 -,48 ,21 ,010 ,122 ,996 -,28 ,30 112 Group Statistics Marrital_status N Mean Std Deviation Std Error Mean Generally, salary and welfare of the Single 41 3,17 ,738 ,115 university/college is my work Married 283 3,37 ,807 ,048 motivation Generally, training and promotion policy of the university/college is my work motivation Generally, the relationship with seriors is my work motivation Generally, the relationship with colleagues is my work motivation Generally, the regconition at the university/college is my work motivation Generally, working conditions at the university/college is my work motivation Generally, I feel motivated to work better at the university/college is my work motivation Single Married 41 3,37 ,698 ,109 283 3,45 ,767 ,046 Single Married Single Married Single Married 41 283 41 283 41 3,51 ,675 3,58 ,741 3,56 ,673 3,64 ,671 3,41 ,670 ,105 ,044 ,105 ,040 ,105 283 3,59 ,750 ,045 Single Married 41 3,37 ,662 ,103 283 3,59 ,721 ,043 41 3,51 ,746 ,116 283 3,65 ,725 ,043 Single Married Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference F Sig 4,006 ,046 MOT Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed MOT Equal variances assumed 1,019 ,314 Equal variances not assumed MOT Equal variances assumed ,520 ,471 Equal variances not assumed MOT Equal variances assumed ,170 ,680 Equal variances not assumed MOT Equal variances assumed 1,549 ,214 Equal variances not assumed MOT Equal variances assumed 1,217 ,271 Equal variances not assumed MOT Equal variances assumed ,177 ,674 Equal variances not assumed t -1,474 Sig (2Mean Std Error df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper 322 ,142 -,197 ,134 -,459 ,066 -1,575 54,823 ,121 -,197 ,125 -,447 ,054 322 ,514 -,083 ,127 -,332 ,167 -,701 54,971 ,486 -,083 ,118 -,320 ,154 -,578 322 ,563 -,071 ,122 -,312 ,170 -,620 54,928 ,538 -,071 ,114 -,300 ,158 -,732 322 ,465 -,082 ,112 -,303 ,139 -,731 52,210 ,468 -,082 ,112 -,308 ,143 322 ,157 -,175 ,124 -,419 ,068 -1,543 55,568 ,128 -,175 ,114 -,403 ,052 -1,850 322 ,065 -,221 ,119 -,455 ,014 -1,973 54,719 ,054 -,221 ,112 -,445 ,004 -1,164 322 ,245 -,142 ,122 -,381 ,098 -1,140 51,555 ,260 -,142 ,124 -,391 ,108 -,654 -1,419 113 Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD Dependent Variable (I) Age MOT Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old MOT Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old MOT Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old MOT Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old MOT Less than 25 years old (J) Age 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Mean Difference Std (I-J) Error ,221 ,221 ,014 ,233 ,133 ,259 -,221 ,221 -,207 ,109 -,088 ,156 -,014 ,233 ,207 ,109 ,119 ,174 -,133 ,259 ,088 ,156 -,119 ,174 ,187 ,209 -,012 ,221 ,171 ,245 -,187 ,209 -,199 ,104 -,015 ,148 ,012 ,221 ,199 ,104 ,183 ,164 -,171 ,245 ,015 ,148 -,183 ,164 ,228 ,202 ,147 ,214 ,352 ,237 -,228 ,202 -,081 ,100 ,124 ,143 -,147 ,214 ,081 ,100 ,206 ,159 -,352 ,237 -,124 ,143 -,206 ,159 ,104 ,186 ,048 ,197 ,048 ,218 -,104 ,186 -,056 ,092 -,056 ,131 -,048 ,197 ,056 ,092 ,000 ,146 -,048 ,218 ,056 ,131 ,000 ,146 ,252 ,205 ,188 ,217 Sig ,748 1,000 ,955 ,748 ,231 ,943 1,000 ,231 ,902 ,955 ,943 ,902 ,808 1,000 ,897 ,808 ,222 1,000 1,000 ,222 ,681 ,897 1,000 ,681 ,673 ,902 ,447 ,673 ,849 ,821 ,902 ,849 ,569 ,447 ,821 ,569 ,944 ,995 ,996 ,944 ,929 ,974 ,995 ,929 1,000 ,996 ,974 1,000 ,609 ,821 95% Confidence Interval Lower Upper Bound Bound -,35 ,79 -,59 ,62 -,53 ,80 -,79 ,35 -,49 ,07 -,49 ,32 -,62 ,59 -,07 ,49 -,33 ,57 -,80 ,53 -,32 ,49 -,57 ,33 -,35 ,73 -,58 ,56 -,46 ,80 -,73 ,35 -,47 ,07 -,40 ,37 -,56 ,58 -,07 ,47 -,24 ,61 -,80 ,46 -,37 ,40 -,61 ,24 -,29 ,75 -,41 ,70 -,26 ,96 -,75 ,29 -,34 ,18 -,25 ,49 -,70 ,41 -,18 ,34 -,21 ,62 -,96 ,26 -,49 ,25 -,62 ,21 -,38 ,58 -,46 ,56 -,52 ,61 -,58 ,38 -,29 ,18 -,40 ,28 -,56 ,46 -,18 ,29 -,38 ,38 -,61 ,52 -,28 ,40 -,38 ,38 -,28 ,78 -,37 ,75 114 Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 26 - 35 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 26 - 35 years old Less than 25 years old 36 - 45 years old Greater than 45 years old 36 - 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old Greater than 45 years old Greater than 45 years old Less than 25 years old 26 - 35 years old 36 - 45 years old ,152 26 - 35 years old MOT MOT ,064 ,100 ,036 ,176 ,103 ,214 ,038 ,073 ,111 ,113 ,020 ,014 ,093 ,099 ,006 ,240 -,252 ,205 -,064 ,102 -,100 ,145 -,188 ,217 ,102 -,036 ,161 -,152 ,240 ,145 ,161 ,198 ,210 ,233 -,176 ,198 -,073 ,098 ,140 -,103 ,210 ,098 ,156 -,214 ,233 -,038 ,140 -,111 ,156 ,201 ,213 ,236 -,113 ,201 -,093 ,100 -,099 ,142 -,020 ,213 ,100 -,006 ,159 -,014 ,236 ,142 ,159 ,921 ,609 ,924 ,902 ,821 ,924 ,996 ,921 ,902 ,996 ,812 ,961 ,793 ,812 ,881 ,993 ,961 ,881 ,892 ,793 ,993 ,892 ,943 1,000 1,000 ,943 ,785 ,899 1,000 ,785 1,000 1,000 ,899 1,000 -,47 ,77 -,78 ,28 -,33 ,20 -,47 ,27 -,75 ,37 -,20 ,33 -,45 ,38 -,77 ,47 -,27 ,47 -,38 ,45 -,34 ,69 -,44 ,65 -,39 ,81 -,69 ,34 -,33 ,18 -,32 ,40 -,65 ,44 -,18 ,33 -,29 ,51 -,81 ,39 -,40 ,32 -,51 ,29 -,41 ,63 -,53 ,57 -,60 ,62 -,63 ,41 -,35 ,16 -,47 ,27 -,57 ,53 -,16 ,35 -,41 ,40 -,62 ,60 -,27 ,47 -,40 ,41 ... teaching experience and income To assess the level of job satisfaction and work motivation of faculty working at universities and colleges in the city of Thai Nguyen To identify factors influencing. .. influencing job satisfaction of faculty in universities and colleges in Thai Nguyen City To identify factors influencing work motivation of faculty in universities and colleges in Thai Nguyen City To... To determine the relationship between job satisfaction and work motivation of faculty working at universities and colleges in the City of Thai Nguyen To compare the differences in job satisfaction