Một số liên từ nối 2 mệnh đề có thể được thay thế bằng các cụm giới từ tương đương.. Ví dụ although có thể được thay thế bằng in spite of hoặc despite, owing to thay cho because ...[r]
(1)«n tËp tiÕng anh Häc kú ii( ÔN THI CHUYểN CấP)
A- THEORY
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
1-Formula a Affirmative:
I, you, we, they + have + PP
He, she, it + has +PP
Note: PP = past participle (quá khứ phân từ) ( =V-ed: V có quy tắc, =V3: V bất quy tắc)
b Negative:
I, you, we, the + have not (haven’t) + PP
He, she, it + has not ( hasn’t) + PP c Interrogative:
Have + I, you, we, they + P.P ?
Has + he, she, it + P.P ?
2-Use
a Một hành động bắt đầu khứ tiếp tục đến tương lai
Thường với : since (từ khi); for (được bao lâu)
Ex1: She has lived here since 1987 Ex2: They have swum for hour
b. Một hành động xảy khứ, không xác định rõ thơi gian
Thường với: already, ever ( before), never (before), not, yet, several times, many times
Ex1: She’s been to Japan several times
Ex2: I have never worked in that company before
c Một hành động vừa xảy
Thường với : lately, just, recently, in recent weeks/ months / years Ex1: My uncle has just come back form Americ
Ex2: They have done the assignment in recent weeks
(2)1-Formula a Affirmative
Subject + V-ed/ V2 ( V có quy tắc: V+ “ed”; V bất quy tắc; lấy cột thứ trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc)
b Negative
Subject + did not (didn’t) + bare-infinitive c Interrogative.
Did + subject + bare-infinitive ? Note: The simple past form of ‘to be’
* Affirmative:
You, we, they + were ; I, he, she, it + was
* Negative
You, we, they + were not (weren’t )
I, he, she, it + was not (wasn’t)
* Interrogative
Were + you, we, they ?
Was + he, she, it ?
2-Use
a Một hành động hồn tất thời điểm q khứ Thường với: yesterday, last ( last week, last year ), ago (3 days
ago, ), in 1999, in 1987 Ex1: She was here yesterday
Ex2: They didn’t learn Chinese year ago
b Một thói quen khứ
(3)c. Một hành động hoàn tất khoảng thời gian xác định khứ ( from to )
Ex: From 1981 to 1983, my older brother worked as a journalist
PASSIVE VOICE 1-Gerund rule
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S +to be + PP +( by +O)
Động từ câu chủ động thì tobe phải chia (PP: Past participle)
Note:
- Đặt từ câu chủ động (tense) hay thể (form) “be” câu bị động hay thể
- Khi ta không xem người thực hành động (does) quan trọng, “ by object” bỏ ( eg does=personal pronoun: he, she, they, we, people; no-one )
Example:
a.The simple present
She cleans the floor everyday ( S + V / Vs / es )
Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday (S + am/is/are/ +PP )
b.The present continous.
Mr.Baker is repairing the car
Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker ( S + am/ is/ are + being + PP )
c.The present perfect
Someone has stolen the bicycles ( S+ has/have + P.P )
(4)d.The simple past
Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)
Passive: where were the drugs found ? ( S+ was/ were + PP )
e.The past continuous
They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday (S+was/were + V-ing )
Passive: Luch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.( S+ was/ were + being + PP )
f The past perfect
She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm ( S+ had + PP )
Passive: Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been + PP )
g Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to,
Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should + bare-infinitive + object
Passive: S + will/would, shall/shoul + be + past participle (+ by object).
Ex: Police will destroy these drugs
Passive: the drugs will be destroyed by police
2-Special cases
a Active: s1+ verb1( say/believe/think ) (that) +S2+verb2 Passive:
Cách 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2
Cách 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2)
Ex: People say that he is crazy
Passive:
It said that he is crazy He is said to be crazy
b Negatives
(5)Passive: The floor hasn’t been cleaned lately Ex2: We didn’t do anything about it
Passive: Nothing was done about it
c Who + V + object ? Passive: - By whom ?
- Who by ?
Ex: Who wrote this novel ?
Passive:
- By whom was this novel written ? - Who was this novel written by ?
d It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + PP
Ex: It is important to finish this exercise
It is important for this exercise to be finished
e Bare-infinitive + object Passive:
Let + object + be + PP
S + be + allowed / advised/asked/ supposed/ + to infinitive
Ex1:
Please open the door Let the door be opened Ex2:
Turn on the light
You are supposed to turn on the light
f Causative form ( thức mệnh lệnh)
Active:
- She + have + sb+ bare-infinitive + st - S + get + sb + to- infinitive + sth
(6)- S + have + sth + PP - S + get + sth + PP Ex1:
She has had someone repaint the car She has had the car repainted
Ex2:
They got me to the housework They got the housework done
RELATIVE CLAUSE Introduction ( giới thiệu).
Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tính từ mệnh đề phụ câu (không thể đứng riêng mình) Nó bắt đầu bằng:
a relative pronouns (đại từ quan hệ) : WHO, WHOM, WHICH,
WHOSE, THAT
b relative adverbs (trạng từ liên hệ) : WHERE, WHEN, WHY.
Ex1: A man who dares to it dares to anything Ex2: We talked to the man who was from Beijing
1-WHO
* Thay cho danh từ, đại từ người, có chức chủ từ * Lưu ý “Who” cấu trúc:
Noun/ pronoun (person) + who + verb
Ex1: The man has met your boss.He come from Italy subject
→ The man who comes from Italy has met your boss relative clause
Ex2: We have met the girl.She studies in the shool
→ We have met the girl who studies in the school
relative clause
2-WHOM
(7)* Lưu ý: “Whom” cấu trúc
Noun / pronoun + whom + subject + verb
Ex1: We like the man You talked to him yesterday object
We like the man whom you talked to yesterday
relative clause
Ex2: Is that the man ? You have been waiting for him object
Is that the man whom you have been waiting for ?
relative clause
3-WHOSE
* Thay cho sở hữu cách (possessive cases) * Xuất hai cấu trúc
- noun/ pronoun + whose + noun + verb
- noun/ pronoun whose + noun + subject + verb
Ex1: The girl looks disappoited Her examination result its so bad The girl whose examination result is so bad looks disappointed Ex2: That is the girl I took her hat by mistake yesterday
That is the girl whose hat I took by mistake yesterday
4-WHICH
* Thay thể cho danh từ, địa từ vật * Có thể làm chủ từ đối từ * Lưu ý cấu trúc
- noun / pronoun + which + verb
- noun/ pronoun + which + subject + verb
Ex1: She show me the table It was made by her father She shows me the table which was made by her father Ex2: Do you like this car ? Mr Tan bought it last month
Do you like this car, which Mr.Tan bought last month ?
Note: “Which” sử dụng để thay cho mệnh đề đứng trước (= and this/ and that)
(8)Tom is so lazy, which makes Mrs Green worried
5-WHERE
* Thay cho trạng từ, cụm trạng ngữ nơi chốn (place) (eg.here, there, in that place )
* Thường xuất cấu trúc:
noun/ pronoun ( = a place) + where + subject + verb
Ex: We visit the hospital We were born there/in that hospital We visit the hospital where we were born
6-WHEN
* Thay cho trạng từ, cum từ thời gian (time) (on that day, in the year ) * Thường xuất cấu trúc :
noun / pronoun (= time ) + when + subject + verb
Ex: She will never forget the day She first met him on that day She will never forget the day when she first met him
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1-Điều kiện xảy tương lai (ĐKI) ( possible condition at present or in future )
If clause : simple present
Main clause : will/shall/can/may + bare-infinitive
Ex1: If it rain, we won’t go for a picnic
Ex2: Our natural resources will disappear if we not conserve them Notes:
- Ta sử dụng mệnh lệnh mệnh đề Ex: If you drink, don’t drive
- Ta sử dụng “should” mệnh đề điều kiện để tỏ ý nghi ngờ Ex: If he should call, tell him I will ring back
(9)-Ta sử dụng dạng mệnh lệnh để thay cho mệnh đề điều kiện Trong trường hợp này, hai mệnh đề thường có liên từ sau:
and, or, else, otherwise
2-Điều kiện không xảy (ĐK II) (present unreal condition ) Main clause: would/could/might + bare-infinitive
If clause: simple present
Ex1: If she had wings, she would fly to an island Ex2: He would build more houses if he were a king Note:
- ‘If I were you/I were in your position ’được sử dụng để khuyên nhủ.
Ex: If I were you, I would accept the invitation ( = You should accept the invitation )
- “Were to + bare –infinitive” sử dụng để thay động từ “simple past” mệnh đề điều kiện
Ex: If I were to ask him nicely, he would help us
GERUND
The gerund is used as a subject, a complement, an object of a verb or an object of a preposition ( danh động từ sử dụng chủ động, bổ túc từ, túc từ động từ, hay túc từ giới từ)
Ex1: Seeing is believing ( S= gerund)
Ex2: Her hobby is listening to music ( complement = gerund) Ex3: They have finished doing exercises ( object = gerund)
Ex4: We are font of playing football (Object of an preposition = gerund)
Note:
Danh động từ theo sau động từ: to enjoy, to mind, to avoid, to finish, to practise, to suggest, to postpone, to delay, to imagine, can’t help/stand
Lưu ý cách sử dụng động từ :
Forget + to-infinitive : quên (sẽ/ phải) làm
Forget + ing : quên làm việc gì.
Ex1: She forgets being taken to the zoo by her father when she was six Ex2: Don’t forget to shut the door before leaving
(10)Remember + V-ing : nhớ làm
Ex1: They always remember going to cinema together Ex2: They remember to have a test on Wendnesday
Stop + to-infinitive : dừng ( việc) lại để làm gì; Stop + V- ing : dừng làm việc
Ex1: This moring , I saw Mr.Pike in the street, so I stopped to greet him Ex2: The teacher asked us to stop talking
Need + to- infinitive: cần làm ( active); Need + V-ing: cần ( passive)
Ex1: We need to repair the car Ex2: The car needs repairing
- Lưu ý cấu trúc:
a S + spend + time + V-ing = It + take + s.b + time + to-inf b To-inf/ V-ing + be + adj/ noun = It + be + adj/ noun + to-inf
= S + V+ it + adj / noun + to-inf CLAUSE OF REASON
+Mệnh đề lý mệnh đề phụ bắt đầu liên từ lý
BECAUSE, AS, SINCE Ba chữ có nghĩa vì, cách dùng khác
Ví dụ:
a) Because
- Because he was sleepy, he went to bed – He went to bed because he was sleepy
Anh ngủ anh buồn ngủ
Mệnh đề phụ có chữ because đứng trước sau mệnh đề Tuy nhiên phải ý mệnh đề phụ trước phải có dấu phảy (,) ngăn cách với mênh đề
b) As
- As she was free , she came to see me Vì rảnh rỗi, đến thăm
c) Since
(11)Vì anh khơng thích nhạc, anh khơng xem hồ nhạc
Mệnh đề since as ln đứng trước mệnh đề
+Ngồi ra, đồng nghĩa với Because, As Since cịn có Now that, So/ As Long As và Inasmuch As.
Ví dụ:
a) Now that = Because now
- Now that Peggy has a car , she can drive to school Vì Peggy có xe rồi, lái xe học
→ Now that dùng cho tình tương lai ( present and future situations) Mệnh đề phụ Now that ln đứng trước mệnh đề
b) So/ As Long As
- As long as ( So long as) you’re not busy Can you help me ? Vì bạn khơng bận rộn, bạn giúp tơi ?
c) Inasmuch as
Thường dùng văn viết trịnh trọng (formal writing )
- Inasmuch as the two governments could not reach an agreement, the possiblities for peace is still remote
Vì hai phủ khơng thể đến trí, khả hồ bình cịn xa
+Ngoài liên từ phụ thuộc ( Subordinating Conjuctions) Because, Since, As, Now that, As long as, Inasmuch as liên từ kết hợp ( Co-ordinating conjuctions) FOR chỉ lý
* Liên từ kết hợp liên từ nối hai mệnh đề độc lập (independent clauses) không dùng đầu câu
Ví dụ:
- I phoned her, for I wanted to tell her about her exam
(12)+Mệnh đề lý cịn đổi cụm từ lý ( phrases of reason) với because of hoặc due to.
Ví dụ:
- Because the weather was cold, we stayed home
→ Because of the cold weather, we stayed home
→ Due to the cold weather, we stayed home Vì thời tiết lạnh, nhà
Because Because of
Because và Because of có nghĩa chúng dùng với cẩu trúc khác
a ) Because là liên từ (Conjunction), theo sau mệnh đề
(Clause)
Ví dụ:
- Because the traffic was heavy, we were late for the meeting S V
Vì xe cộ đơng đúc, đến buổi họp trễ
b) Because of là nhóm giới từ ( Prepositional phrase), theo sau một cụm danh từ ( noun phrase)
Ví dụ:
- Because of the heavy traffic, we were late for the meeting B-PRACTICE
Conditional Sentences VIẾT LẠI CÂU
1 You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me → If
2 There are so many bugs in the room because there isn’t a screen on the window
→ If He is busy right now So, he can’t help them
→ If
4 I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking → If
5 I’m not you, so I can’t tell him the truth
(13)6 She came, so he wasn’t disappointed
→ If He is not a good student He didn’t study for the test yesterday → If I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now → If Mai is sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders → If
10.He is tired this morning because he didn’t go to bed early last night → If
11.They don’t behave themselves so their parents are not happy about that → If
12.She didn’t say sorry so he was angry
→ If
13.I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car → If
14.It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue
→ If 15.My parents not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home → If 16.She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible → If 17.The weather was very nice so we didn’t go camping
→ If 18.The computer broke down and I had to stop my work
→ If 19.She loves him so she forgives him easily
→ If 20.He was angry so I didn’t say anything
→ If
II) TRẮC NGHIỆM
21.If I ……….a lot of money now, I ………… a new car
a have /will buy b have / would buy
c had/ will buy d had/ would buy
22.If I ………you, I ……….do that
a am/ will b were /would
c were/ will d had been/ would
(14)a take b will take
c would take d would have taken
24.I would be very surprised if he………
a refuses b refused
c had refused d would refuse
25.Many people would be out of work if that factory……… down
a closes b had closed
c closed d would close
26.6 If she sold her car, she ………… much money
a gets b would get
c will get d would have got
27.They would be disappointed if we………
a hadn’t come b wouldn’t come
c don’t come d didn’t come
28.Would John be angry if I …… ……his bicycle without asking? a take b took c had taken d would take 29.She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring
a will be b would be c were d had been
30.If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened a would walk b walks c had walked d walked
31.What would happen if you ……… to work tomorrow? a don’t go b didn’t go c won’t go d wouldn’t go 32.We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out
a go b did go c went d had gone
33.If I go shopping, I ………some food
a buy b will buy
c would buy d would have bought
34.If I find it, I ………you
a will tell b would tell c had told d told 35.What would you if you………a million dollars?
a would win b win c had won d won 36.They ‘d be hurt if I ………
a don’t go b didn’t go c hadn’t gone d wouldn’t go 37.If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early
a would have arrived b arrived
c will arrived d would arrive
38.If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you
(15)c went d would have gone 39.If I …………., I would have said hello
a had seen b see c saw d would see
40.I………… out if I hadn’t been so tired
a will go b went c would have gone d would go 41.If I ……… a camera, I would have taken some pictures
a have b had c would have d had had 42.You won’t pass the examination………you study more
a as long as b unless c if d whether 43.If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business
a had known b knew c have known d know 44.If I were to leave my country , I ………disappointed
a probably be b would have been c will be d would be
45.If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he……….in his examination
a would fail b wouldn’t fail
c wouldn’t have failed d won’t fail
46.If I had taken that English course, I ……… much progress
a had made b would have made
c made d would make
47.If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England
a will make b had made c made d would make 48.If I ………… you , I’d save some of your lottery winning
a be b were c am d was
49.If the car ……… larger, we would have bought it a had been b have been c has been d been
50.If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English a will go b should go c would go d should have go to 51.If it …… convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight
a be b was c were d is
52.If you …… time, please write to me
a have b have had c had d has
53.If you had the chance, ………… you go finishing?
a did b would c may d
54.Trees won’t grow ……… there is enough water
a if b when c unless d as
(16)a listen b had listened c will listen d listened 56.I wish I …… you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself
a can lend b could lend c would lend d will lend
57.If someone ……… into the store, smile and say, “ May I help you?” a comes b came c would come d could lend
58.If you stay up late the previous night, you ……… sleepy the next morning
a feel b to feel c feels d will feel
59.If Peter ……, Sarah will be sad because she wants to meet him very much
a comes b not come c does not come d will come 60.If his teeth still …… , he will have to go to the dentist’s again
a hurt b hurts c to hurt c will hurt 61.If you…………Tom , tell him I have a message for him
a will meet b would meet c meet d met
62.If you …………too hot during the night , turn down the central heating a will feel b felt c feel d feels
63.If you …………with your dictionary, I ‘d like to borrow it a finish b finished c will finish d are finishing 64.If I lived nearer the centre , I …………always late
a wouldn’t be b can be c won’t be d will be 65.What would Lan if she ………… the Miss world
a would be b were c will be d is 66.If I ………….her , I would have said “ hello”
a has seen b have seen c saw d had seen
67.If she had read the passage more slowly , the candidate………… a understood b would have understood c will understood d would understand 68.If it………, they will not go out
a rains b rained c rain d raining
69.James will not complete the work if she is ………… rarely enough
a tell b telling c tells d told
70.Betty will not go to the party unless John ……….too
a go b went c going d goes
71.Miss An does not want to go on the trip if nobody………… with her
a go b goes c went d going
72.If you ………….to go shopping, please go with your aunt this weekend
(17)73.Mr Smith has to work on weekends if his manager………….him to
a tell b telling c told d tells
74.Unless they ………her to work hard, she would not a encourage b encourage c encourages d encouraging 75.If I ……….a king, I would give money to the poor
a is b are c am d were
76.If we had left this country , we would have………….to Australia a emigrated b emigrates c emigrate d emigrating 77.If I had to the party last night, I …………her
a will have met b would meet c would have met d will meet
78.Unless the pupils pay attention, the teacher ……….be angry
a would b may c will d might
79.Please not go out if it………
a rain b rains c rained d raining
80.If you …………me with this exercise, I will the same for you one day
a helped b would helpc help d will help 81.If you listen to music, you can’t ………your study
a concentrate on b interested in c care about d read about
82.………you study harder, you won’t pass the final exam
a unless b if c if not d without
83.If the weather………….fine, we will go on a picnic
a is b were c would be d will be
84.If he……….harder, the results will be better a worked b works c has worked d will work 85.If Americans ate fewer foods with sugar and salt, their general
health better
a be b will be c is d would be
86.If she hadn’t overslept, she ……… late for the interview a wouldn’t be b wouldn’t have been
c hadn’t been d would have been
87.I’d have told you if I ………… the book
a had seen b would have seen c saw d see 88.If we had known your new address, we………… to see you
a came b would have come c would come d will
(18)89.If I found a wallet in the street, I ………….take it to police
a will b should c would d shall
90.I ………….that coat if I were you
a wouldn’t buy b didn’t buy c don’t buy d won’t buy
Passive and Active voice
91.A group of students have met their friend at the railway station → _ 92.They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home
→ _ 93.The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow
→ _ 94.How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
→ _ 95.This well-known library attracts many people
→ _ 96.All students attended the meeting
→ _ 97.People say that he is intelligent
→ _ 98.He can’t repair my bike
→ _ 99.Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock
→ _ 100 This is the second time they have written to us about this
→ _ 101 Mr Smith has taught us French for years
→ _ 102 They didn’t look after the children properly
→ _ 103 Nobody swept this street last week
→ _ 104 People drink a great deal of tea in England
→ _ 105 People speak English all over the world
→ _ 106 Tom was writing poems
(19)→ _ 108 How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
→ _ 109 She didn’t introduce me to her mother
→ _ 110 Someone had invented electric lights before I was born
→ _ 111 Farmers usually milk cows twice a day
→ _ 112 He likes people to call him “sir”
→ _ 113 People know that Japan produces a wide range of cars
→ _ 114 Our teacher used to bid us talk in class
→ _ 115 Don’t let other see you
→ _ 116 Workers were digging a large hole in the ground
→ _ 117 Before they took exams they had revised their lessons
→ _ 118 The car knocked a woman down in the street
→ _ 119 When he came home his father was reading a newspaper
→ _ 120 Cows were eating grass on the meadow
→ _ 121 My cousin will meet you at the station
→ _ 122 She is running her own company
→ _ 123 Visitors must leave umbrellas and raincoats in the cloakroom
→ _ 124 My mother used to make us clean the house
→ _ 125 John hasn’t finished his homework
(20)→ _ 127 I will shut the door if you like
→ _ 128 We have just seen a horrible accident
→ _ 129 What language people speak in this country?
→ _ 130 At p.m., Mrs Smith was making cakes
→ _ 131 He isn’t going to buy that house
→ _
132 When I was 18 years old, my parents allowed me to go out in the evening
→ _ 133 This terrorist has kept hostages for a week
→ _ 134 He hasn’t seen you for years
→ _ 135 The examiner will read the passage times
→ _ 136 An earthquake destroyed the town
→ _ 137 He didn’t type the letter last night
→ _ 138 They will pick me up at my house
→ _ 139 When did you see him in that bank?
→ _ 140 My father will take me to Ho Chi Minh City next week
→ _ 141 A man returned the keys to me
→ _ 142 Mary will see her friends off at the station
→ _ 143 You were wearing your new hat when I met you yesterday
→ _ 144 He is preparing everything for the presidential election
(21)145 Last Friday, when I came to Jane’s house, she had finished all exercises
→ _ 146 They have to pull down that building
→ _ 147 He gave me a knife to cut this bread
→ _ 148 People used to steal a lot of goods from supermarkets
→ _ 149 Countries are finding a way to solve the problem
→ _ 150 He put the letter in the drawer, and then he locked it up
→ _ 151 She can sew shirts a day
→ _
152 By the end of this year, we will have learnt 2,000 English words → _
153 Don’t ask for another book until you finish this one → _ 154 We consider that she is the best singer
→ _ 155 Nobody has used this room for ages
→ _
156 Her father was planting different kinds of flowers in the garden → _
157 I am translating an article from English into Vietnamese → _ 158 The Prime Minister is making a speech at the moment
→ _ 159 People said he had swallowed a safety pin
→ _ 160 How many days did she spend finishing the work?
→ _ 161 Someone is following me
→ _ 162 She read the letter again and again last night
(22)→ _ 164 The tailor has just made a new suit for me
→ _ 165 Someone saw him pick up the gun
→ _ 166 He has caught a lion and shot others
→ _ 167 He received a letter from home by the evening post
→ _ 168 I put the pound note into one of my books yesterday
→ _ 169 After he had told the story, we clapped our hands
→ _ 170 His wife usually brings him sandwiches at lunch time
→ _ 171 They were continually asking question
→ _ 172 We have to pick fruit very early in the morning
→ _ 173 How many books you give me?
→ _ 174 He always lost keys
→ _ 175 The light went out while I was making a cup of tea
→ _ 176 When she went to Barcelona, she learnt some Spanish
→ _ 177 The State will assign our students to different jobs
→ _ 178 The government launched the blood drive
→ _ 179 The students of chemistry made many experiments last week
→ _ 180 When will you the work?
→ _ 181 My brother has sent me this interesting book
(23)→ _ 183 He couldn’t find his key
→ _ 184 She used to pull my hat over my eyes
→ _ 185 For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand
→ _ 186 A pair of robins have built a nest in the porch since last week
→ _ 187 The police haven’t found the murderer yet
→ _ 188 They sold one of her own paintings at $1,000
→ _ 189 I will put your gloves back in your drawer
→ _ 190 Have you seen Philip lately?
→ _ 191 When did you receive my letter?
→ _ 192 Mr Speed is dictating letters to Ann
→ _ 193 I found the book boring
→ _ 194 Jack felled a tree in the garden yesterday
→ _ 195 When I came back home, my mother was preparing lunch
→ _ 196 The house was dirty because we hadn’t cleaned it for weeks
→ _ 197 People say that they bought this shop last year
→ _ 198 He wants her to write an article
→ _ 199 My parents encouraged me to apply for this job
→ _
200 A 70-year old pensioner, Mrs Parker, found a puma in her back garden
(24)201 A teacher should be a person that everyone can respect → _
202 If I collected a lot of shells on the beach I would give you some → _
203 People believed that the policeman had saved many children from the fire
→ _ 204 European countries decided to put a high tax on petrol
→ _
205 People say that the decision imposes tight restrictions on cross-border trade
→ _ 206 My sister often makes me the washing up
→ _
207 The policeman allows all vehicles to go when traffic lights are green → _
208 Everyone believes him right
→ _ 209 We made her head of the class
→ _ 210 They were carrying the injured player off the field
→ _ 211 I like you to take photographs
→ _
212 Haven’t you yet found out information about the trains to Hanoi? → _
213 Peter advised me not to sell that flat
→ _ 214 He urged the Government to pass the law
→ _ 215 She decided to paint her house blue
→ _ 216 My classmates used to call me John
→ _ 217 Mr Smith will appoint Tom the director tomorrow?
→ _ 218 You should pay more attention to your study
(25)219 He heard the bell ring
→ _ 220 Did anyone take English books away?
→ _ 221 The major ordered the soldiers to march
→ _ 222 Before we gave you our decision, we had thought carefully
→ _ 223 Do people use milk for making butter and cheese?
→ _ 224 They didn’t invite me to the birthday party
→ _ 225 Did they build that house in 1972?
→ _ 226 The teacher will give her a prize if she works well
→ _ 227 People said that he could swim across this river
→ _ 228 The policeman showed you the way to Thu Le zoo
→ _ 229 He won’t tell me the truth about the situation
→ _ 230 They can see the valley from the top of this hill
→ _ 231 All the students choose him the monitor
→ _ 232 You must wash your hands
→ _ 233 My favorite football team hasn’t won many matches so far this
season
→ _ 234 My father has used this bicycle for years
→ _
235 The government is taking measures to attract foreign investment → _
236 Someone broke into her house last night
(26)→ _ 238 Paul didn’t tell me the ending of the story
→ _ 239 She needs English for her work
→ _ 240 Have you seen any good films so far?
→ _ 241 They didn’t see you at the bus stop
→ _ 242 How did you break your leg?
→ _ 243 My dog is attacking the postman
→ _ 244 I couldn’t catch any fish
→ _ 245 Mrs White was drawing diagrams on the blackboard
→ _ 246 Most of the boys listened to the teacher attentively
→ _ 247 She promised not to report me to the police
→ _ 248 I believed one of the dogs had discovered some cannabis
→ _ 249 The cashier used to the accounts
→ _ 250 The computer can all the accounts
→ _ 251 My dictionary doesn’t give any example of this word
→ _
252 The local council decided to rebuild the house opposite the college → _
253 She asked me to lend her $100
→ _ 254 She is going to buy a cookery book
→ _ 255 The policeman is sticking a parking ticket to the windscreen
(27)→ _ 257 Mr Nam gives lectures in universities everyday
→ _ 258 How you make a survey?
→ _ 259 I found this baby bird at the foot of a tree
→ _ 260 She couldn’t catch his name
→ _ 261 They were watching her on closed circuit TV
→ _ 262 They can’t carry the piano upstairs
→ _ 263 He often sends postcards to his mother
→ _ 264 I needn’t wind this watch
→ _ 265 Daisy is hanging out all the washing out
→ _ 266 Why did people think Halloween was important?
→ _ 267 Why don’t you write a novel?
→ _ 268 He saw you shopping
→ _ 269 Will you post this letter on the way to work?
→ _ 270 Children should treat old men with respect
→ _ 271 She is taking care of the baby girl
→ _ 272 He immediately accepted his guilt
→ _ 273 I am sure that I will prepare everything carefully
→ _ 274 I advise my sister to put her money box under the carpet
(28)→ _ 276 He gave the magazine back to me
→ _ 277 Tom borrowed her book and lost it
→ _ 278 Someone turned on the light and opened the door
→ _ 279 Lan left her bag in the classroom
→ _
280 Some students haven’t submitted their assignments to the teacher on time
→ _ 281 They brought their children up in Italy
→ _ 282 After 10 minutes, he will call us in
→ _ 283 They are repairing my piano now
→ _ 284 You must keep dogs outside shops
→ _ 285 The postman usually leaves letters in the hall
→ _ 286 You can’t wear this shirt because it is very small
→ _ 287 The government is launching an anti-smuggling campaign
→ _ 288 He can speak languages
→ _ 289 She used to make cloth puppets
→ _ 290 Why don’t you open a bank account?
→ _
RELATIVE CLAUSE
COMBINE THESE SENTENCES BY USING RELATIVE PRONOUN Chinese people have a very special kind of soup This kind of soup is
made from shark’s fin
(29)4 Many people get sick or die every year These people eat puffer fish, a very poisonous species
5 She ‘ll tell you the story That story will surprise you
6 The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish The Nile is in Egypt Yesterday, I visited Tri Nguyen aquarium It has various species of
fish
8 The movie Harry Potter is coming soon I’m longing to see it
9 Then he was caught in the mouth of a while shark.It is one of the most dangerous sea creatures
10.The most beautiful park is opposite my house It has a lot of big trees 11 The girl was injured in the accident She is now in hospital
12.A man anwered the phone He told me you were away 13.A waitress served us She was very impolite and impatient 14.A building was destroyed in the fire It has now been rebuilt 15.Some people were arrested They have now been released 16 A bus goes to the airport It runs every half an hour 17.Petr is studying French and German He has been abroad
18.You’ve all met Michael Wood He is visiting us for a couple of days 19.We are moving to Manchester.Manchester is the north west
20.I’ll stay with Adrian His brother is one of my closet friends
21.John Bridge is one of my oldest friends He has just gone to live in Canada
22.The Earth is a planet It can support life
23.The book is about the girl She runs away from home 24.A dictionary is a book It gives you the meaning of words 25.The man was very kind I talk to him yesterday
26.She is the woman I told you about her
27.The man works in the hospital I told you about him 28.The picture was very beautiful She was looking at it 29.I’ll give you the address You should write to it 30.The movie is very fantastic They are talking about it 31.The woman teaches me English You are listening to her
32.The scientists are making progress They are reseaching the causes of cancer
33.Do you know the woman? Who is coming toward us?
34.The people are getting wet They are waiting for the bus in the rain 35.The fence is made from wood It surrounds our house
36.The first person is Mr Smith We must see him
37.He is a famous doctor inmy neighbour You have just met his daughter last night
38.Tet is a big occasion The members of family gather on this occasion 39.New York is a famous city Everybody want to live in this city
40.The country is very peaceful and fresh The old people enjoy living there
41.Trinh Cong Son composed songs They are greatly liked by millions of Vietnamese people
(30)44.He is a famous writer in our time I read many his books
45.Cuc phuong is a famous nation park I came there along time ago 46.He is a manager in this factory You have talked to his mother in the
company
47.Alice is my friends Alice’s mother died in an accident last year 48.These flowers are roses I bought them for my sister on her birthday 49.The female mosquito can suck blood and transmit maralia It can
survive in new and different environments
50.I remember the day I was afraid to use my new computer then 51.I work in an office In my office the software changes frequently 52.The secretary give you information She sits at the first desk on the
right
53.The Southam Chess Club meets weekly on Friday evenings It has more than 50 members
54.My son is very intelligent His friends all are good citizens 55.Lan is my classmate She lives near my parents’ house 56.The young man is talking to our teacher He is Ba’s brother
57.We visited the monument The famous engineer built it more than 50 years ago
58 the victims of the club need help They were hafl-starved for many days
59.The baby was still alive He was lifted and put down a hundred meters away by the tornado
60.Ninety per cent of the earthquakes occur around the Pacific Rim It is known as the Ring of Fire
61.In the 1960s, a huge tidal wave hit Anchorage The tidal wave travled from California to Alaska
62.The weather forecast program take place at 8:oo pm every day Some people like to watch it
63.Hoa’s parents buy a lot of candles and food They’ll use them in case the market is closed because of the hurricane
64.Mr Phong is our geography teacher.He has been teaching in our scchool for ten years
65.A typhoon is a violent tropical storm It can cause great destruction 66.Violent tropical storms are called hurricane in America They reach
120 kilometers per hour
67.Mr Tuan teaches us chemistry His friends are also my friends’ father 68.The children talked about the clowns and his animals They saw them
at the circus
69.The tornado struck with a great force It lifted the houses off the ground
70.My classmates had so much fun at the carnival They wanted to go there again
71.Lan took some change She wanted to buy some drink
72.The boys are very interesting in football It is a popular games all over the world
(31)74.Her grandma wanted to listened to the news on TV She was interested in the newsreel
75.Dolphins are sometimes caught and killed in fishing nets They often swim with other fish
76.This is the simple house Uncle Ho had lived there for a long time ago 77.Mrs Lien is very smart I met the son of her on the stage last night 78.Mr Quang is a famous cheft cook His food can be enjoyed all over
the wold
79.Phong met that movie tar in the perform She looked really beautiful in her costumes
80.Children like to eat ice-cream.It can cause toothache if they have too much everyday
81.Thu wants to drink some medicine.She had a headache
82.Lan went back home Her child was seriously ill after the rain 83.Mr Tuan is very tall and thin He is our gymmaster
84.The lady in black is a famous writer You met her at the party last night
85.The little boy lost his way He is crying over there
86.The children are playing soccer in the stadium Do you know them? 87.The river is the Saigon river It flows through Ho Chi Minh city
88.Mona was painted by Leonardo De Vinci It has been popular for long 89.SaPa is a famous city Many visitors travel to this city for their holiday 90.Easter is a festival People will have a lot of fun in this occasion
91.Quynh Dao is a famous writer Quynh Dao’s works are widely read all over the world
92.Nam is an excellent student His father’s death made him sad a lot 93.Teacher’s Day is a day All the students show their gratitude to their
teacher on that day
94.Australia is a cotinent It consists of many kind of animals all over the world
95.Vu Quoc Viet is a famous artist I love his works very much
96.Ha Noi is an ancient city Many customs are still on this lovely area Kim Lien is a village Ho Chi Minh was born and lived there
FURTHER
Liên từ cụm giới từ
Khi làm thi đại học em thường gặp dạng chọn từ (hoặc cụm từ) thích hợp để hồn thành câu, ví dụ: Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C D) để hoàn thành câu đây:
He was offered the job _ his qualifications were poor A despite B in spite of C even though D Whereas
(32)phương pháp thay Khó khăn cụm từ phức hợp mà nghĩa chúng lại tương tương
Phần 1: Thế liên từ/ cụm giới từ
Liên từ từ, cụm từ dùng để nối từ, cụm từ hay mệnh đề câu câu với Có loại liên từ: Liên từ kết hợp (Coordinating conjunctions) liên từ phụ thuộc (Subordinating conjunctions)
1 Liên từ kết hợp gồm có: and (và), but (nhưng), both and (vừa vừa, lẫn ), or (hoặc), either or (hoặc hoặc), neither nor (không .cũng không ), not only but also (khơng mà cịn ) Các liên từ nối vế có quan hệ đẳng lập
2 Liên từ phụ thuộc gồm có: when (khi), while (trong khi), before (trước khi), after (sau khi), because (bởi vì), though/ although (mặc dù), if (nếu), so (such) that (quá đến nỗi), so that (để) Các liên từ nối vế có quan hệ phụ thuộc
Một số liên từ nối mệnh đề thay cụm giới từ tương đương Ví dụ although thay in spite of despite, owing to thay cho because Nhưng lưu ý thay thể liên từ giới từ sau khơng cịn mệnh đề mà phải danh từ/ đại từ/ danh động từ Đề thi đại học thường yêu cầu em lựa chọn liên từ/ cụm giới từ Để làm dạng em phải quan sát xem sau từ cần điền mệnh đề hay danh từ/ đại từ/ danh động từ
Phần 2: Một số liên từ cụm giới từ thông dụng đề thi đại học
1 Besides (giới từ) có nghĩa “bên cạnh” Nó đứng trước danh từ/ đại từ/ danh động từ Ví dụ: Besides doing the cooking I look after the garden
(Ngoài việc nấu nướng tơi cịn trơng nom khu vườn nữa)
Besides (trạng từ) có nghĩa “ngồi ra” Nó thường đứng trước mệnh đề mà sau mệnh đề mà giới thiệu
Ví dụ: I can’t go now, I’m too busy Besides, my passport is out of date
(Tôi bây giờ; tơi bận Ngồi ra, giấy thơng hành tơi hết hạn) However thường có nghĩa “nhưng mà, nhiên” Nó liền trước theo sau mệnh đề liền sau từ cụm từ mệnh đề
Ví dụ: I’ll offer it to Tom However, he may not want it Otherwise (nếu khơng, kẻo)
Ví dụ: We must be early; otherwise we won’t get a seat (Chúng ta phải sớm; khơng ta khơng có chỗ ngồi)
4 Therefore (do đó) dùng thay cho so tiếng Anh trang trọng Nó đứng đầu mệnh đề sau từ, cụm từ trước động từ
5 Though, although, even though (mặc dù) thường giới thiệu mệnh đề nhượng Chú ý sau though, although, even though mệnh đề
(33)(Mặc dù chúng đắt giá, người ta mua) In spite of despite
In spite of despite có nghĩa tương đương với though, although, even though (mặc dù) sau chúng phải danh từ/ đại từ/ danh động từ
Ví dụ: In spite of having no qualifications he got the job (Mặc dù chun mơn gì, xin việc)
- Khi chuyến câu sang dùng với although sau phải mệnh đề: Ví dụ: Although he has no qualifications he got the job
7 Because because of (bởi vì) - Sau because mệnh đề:
Ví dụ: Because it rained, I didn’t go to school (Bởi trời mưa, tơi không đến trường) - Sau because of danh từ/ đại từ/ danh động từ: Ví dụ: I didn’t go to school because of rain Reason why reason for: (lý do)
- Sau reason why mệnh đề:
Ví dụ: The reason why grass is green was a mystery to the little boy (Lý cỏ màu xanh điều bí ẩn cậu bé)
- Sau reason for danh từ:
Ví dụ: The reason for the disaster was engine failure, not human error
(Lý thảm họa lỗi động cơ, khơng phải sai lầm người) So that (= in order that) so as to (= in order to)
Các cụm từ giới thiệu cho mệnh đề cụm từ mục đích Sau so that in order that mệnh đề Sau so as to in order to động từ nguyên thể
Một số cụm giới từ thông dụng: Cụm từ
Nghĩa
In addition to Thêm vào Instead of Thay
On account of Do gì/ lý On behalf of sb Đại diện cho
In accordance with sth Phù hợp với According to Theo, y theo Owing to Do vì, Samples:
Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C D) để hoàn thành câu sau:
(34)A In spite B In spite of C However D Although
2 of the committee, I’d like to thank you for your generous donation A According B On behalf C Together D In addition
3 _he wasn’t feeling very well, Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual A Although B However C Therefore D Still
4. he had no money for a bus, he had to walk all the way home A For B Thus C So D As
5 _to an accident in the High Street, traffic is moving very slowly on the London Road
A Through B Owing C Because D Since
6 Of course I’m a Christian I expect everyone who works here to be a Christian too
A since B then C and D but
7 The the disaster was engine failure, not human error A reason by B reason on C reason why D reason for
8 We have to start early we won’t be late A so that B that C because D because of
9 She came in quietly not to wake the baby A as if B so as C such as D if so
10 He was offered the job his qualifications were poor A despite B in spite of C even though D Whereas
(35)3.FOR
Available for sth : có sẵn (cái gì) Anxious for/about : lo lắng Bad for : xấu cho
Good for : tốt cho
Convenient for : thuận lợi cho… Difficult for : khó…
Late for : trễ…
Liable for sth : có trách nhiệm pháp lý
Dangerous for : nguy hiểm… Famous for : tiếng
Fit for : thích hợp với Well-known for : tiếng Greedy for : tham lam…
Grateful for sth : biết ơn việc… Helpful for : có ích
Useful for : có lợi Necessary for : cần thiết Perfect for : hoàn hảo Prepare for : chuẩn bị cho Qualified for : có phẩm chất
Ready for sth : sẵn sàng cho việc Responsible for sth : có trách nhiệm việc
Suitable for : thích hợp
Sorry for : xin lỗi / lấy làm tiếc cho
4.AT
Amazed at : ngạc nhiên… Amused at : vui về…
Angry at sth : giận điều
Annoyed at sth : khó chịu điều Bad at : dở về…
Clever at : khéo léo Clumsy at : vụng Good at : giỏi
Excellent at : xuất sắc về… Furious at sth : giận Quick at : nhanh… Present at : diện…
Skillful at : khéo léo, có kỹ Surprised at : ngạc nhiên
Shocked at : bị sốc 1.OF
Ashamed of : xấu hổ về… Afraid of : sợ, e ngại… Ahead of ; trước
Aware of : nhận thức Capable of : có khả Confident of : tin tưởng Doublful of : nghi ngờ Fond of : thích
Full of : đầy
Hopeful of : hy vọng Independent of : độc lập Nervous of : lo lắng Proud of : tự hào
Jealous of : ganh tỵ với
Guilty of : phạm tội về, có tội Sick of : chán nản
Scare of : sợ hãi
Suspicious of : nghi ngờ Joyful of : vui mừng
Quick of : nhanh chóng về, mau Tired of : mệt mỏi
Terrified of : khiếp sợ
2.TO
Able to :
Acceptable to : chấp nhận Accustomed to : quen với
Agreeable to : đồng ý Addicted to : đam mê
Available to sb : sẵn cho
Delightfull to sb : thú vị Familiar to sb : quen thuộc Clear to : rõ ràng
Contrary to : trái lại, đối lập Equal to : tương đương với Exposed to : phơi bày, để lộ Favourable to : tán thành, ủng hộ Grateful to sb : biết ơn
Harmful to sb (for sth) : có hại cho (cho gì)
Important to : quan trọng Identical to sb : giống hệt Kind to : tử tế
Likely to : Lucky to : may mắn Liable to : có khả bị
Necessary to sth/sb : cần thiết cho việc / cho
Next to : kế bên Open to : cởi mở Pleasant to : hài lịng
Preferable to : đáng thích Profitable to : có lợi
Responsible to sb : có trách nhiệm với Rude to : thơ lỗ, cộc cằn