Nguyen Hdng DflPng, kbi de cap den heat ddng truyen Cdng giao trong vung dan tdc thieu so d giad phan Kdn Tum da neu ra cac phfldng thflc truyen dae nhfl: Thanh lap cac lang Cdng gi[r]
(1)BUOI DAU TRUYEN BA CONG GIAO
VAO VUNG DAN TOC THIEU SO TAY NGUYiN
V
iec t r u y e n b a Cdng giad vad v u n g d a n tdc t h i e u sd' T a y N g u y e n dUde cac n h a t r u y e n giac lUu t a m v a t r i e n k h a i k h a sdm V a e nila d i u t h e kf XVII cae linh m u c D e n g T e n tfl v u n g Q u a n g N a m , Q u a n g N g a i d a vfldt n u i d e n t r u y e n d a e che d a n tdc H r e , X e D a n g , nhflng k h d n g t h a n h cdng"'Cd le cdng cudc t r u y e n giae v a e T a y N g u y e n thflc sfl sdi ddng va g a t h a i dfldc n h i e u t h a n h cdng v a c t h d i ki c u a G i a m m u c C u e n c t T h e , G i a m m u c dai dien Tdng tda D a n g T r o n g (1840-1861) N a m 1841 G i a m m u c C u e n o t T h e t r i e u t a p Cdng ddng Gd T h i (Tuy Phfldc, B i n h Dinh) t r e n g dd cd k e b e a c h day m a n h h d n viec t r u y e n giac vad vflng T a y N g u y e n
N a m 1842, h a i vi thfla sai la Miche va Duclds cflng m e t so' t b i y g i a n g t i m dfldng len vflng d a t ngfldi G i a r a i t i n h P h u Yen, nhflng bj b a t dfla ve H u e Tiep nhflng n a m s a u dd, cae thfla sai tim dfldng vad t r u y e n dad che cae d a n tdc t h i e u sd' d P h u Yen, B i n h D i n h , Q u i n g N g a i , Q u a n g N a m , B i n h T h u a n , nhflng t a t ca cac ed' g a n g dd deu b a t t h a n h
N a m 1848 dfldc xem la thdi ki md d i u cho q u a t r i n h t r u y e n giae vao T a y N g u y e n , cd t i n h t e a n , c h u a n bi c h u d a e T u y n h i e n , viee t r u y e n giao v a p h a t t r i e n
,;; DANG LUAN'*' dao t r e n g vflng d d n g b a e d a n tdc t h i e u sd T a y N g u y e n luc b a n d i u k h d n g de d a n g c h u t n a e C a c n h a t r u j ' d n giao gap k h d n g it k h d k h a n , trd n g a i , r a o c i n tfl n h i e u p h i a (J day, ed t h e n e u len m e t sd' khd k h a n b a n d a u m a cac n h a t r u y e n giae g a p p h i i nhfl; v a n de t h d i cudc, dja dfl chiing tee, xa hdi, t i n ngfldng
1 V a n d e t h d i c u o c
Thdi d i e m C d n g giad t i m dfldng vad T a y N g u y e n c u n g e h i n h la t h d i diem m a t r i e u d i n h n h a N g u y e n d a b a n h a n h n h i e u d a c d u c a m C d n g giad vdi mflc dp n g a y c a n g g a y g a t v a khd'c liet
T a i t i n h B i n h D i n h , ndi x u a t p h i t t r u y e n giad vad T a y N g u y e n , cac dao du n a y dfldc t h i h a n h q u y e t liet N a m 1854, mpi cd sd cua C d n g giad d t i n h n a y hi triet h a , d a t d a i bj s u n g vao cdng khd'; t r u y Iflng g a t gao cae l i n h m u c n g e a i qude c u n g nhflng ngfldi c h a p chfla, b a e che Cac cd sd d a e la dia b a n de vao Tay N g u y e n nhfl t r a m Gd, An Sdn, cd sd Ben ( T a y Sdn, B i n h D i n h ) bj p h d n g tea, t a n p h a k h i e n c h e m e t sd'linh m u c ngoai qud'c * Ths., Trudng Chinh trj tinh Kon Tum
1 Linh muc Nguydn Hoang Son Tlidy sdu Do-
ngudi tien phong md dao thdnh cdng viing Tdy Nguyen
(2)chay len Tay Nguyen lanh nan Con dUdng di vao vung truyen giao Tay Nguyen cei nbU bj khda chat; v u n g truyen giao Tay Nguyen bi cd lap Sau dd, vua Tu Dfle cdn nhieu dao du c a m dao m a n g t i n h c h a t rao n e t va q u y e t h e t h d n nhfl cac d a c du cam dad vad nhflng n a m : 1857, 1861, 1864, 1867 va Van t h a n If 5o
L m h muc Nguyen Hdang Sdn, da md t i ve thdi ki dd nhfl sau: "Dfle cha Cuenot dang an n a u tai Gd Thi va cdn hai cha thfla sai: Cha Armecx d a u n a n g vfla tfl cao nguyen xud'ng, cha Verdier vfla tfl Phap tdi Dfle cha biet nguy hiem can ke, nen quyet dinh dfla cha Verdier len mien thfldng T b i y n a m B i d vang ldi Dfle cha vfla dfla cha Armecx xud'ng Gd Thj, thi lai dfla cha Verdier len vflng truyen giao qua tram Gd Dem thfl hai luc ga gay, dang tim ndi an nup va ngil nghi thi dfldc mdt giao dan bao cho biet cd sd Ben sap bj tan pha Cac ngai vdi vang chay trdn dfldi mdt chiec ghe nhd Cudc tan pha cd sd Ben dien T b i y nam B i o dan cha Verdier len tram Gd, va tram Gd vfla bj tan pha An Sdn cung cflng mdt c i n h tfldng: bj dap pha, giao dan bj lung dudi Cac ngai khdng cdn each nao nfla, mat tim thflc a n se bj tdm cd va bj ket an Ba trdn t r a n h , ddi khat, sd bi bat va cudi cflng eac ngai d a n h tim dfldng len vflng truyen giae tdi Kdnkdxam (Kon Tum) vdi sflc kiet tan Cac cha tai vflng truyen giao Tay Nguyen nhfl hi nhdt, cd lap va hi lung b i t Cac cha tai v u n g B a n a du an tean nhd sfl b i d trd cua dng Khiem, nhflng da trai qua nhflng t h a n g trdn t r a n h va Id sd khd cfle: khd cfle vi thieu thdn, khd cfle vi benh tat, khd cfle vi le au "'"'
Day la giai d d a n d i y khd k h a n va t h d t h a c h ddi vdi Cdng giao Viet N a m ndi c h u n g va cdng cudc t r u y e n g i i c d Tay Nguyen ndi rieng, nhflng c u n g cbinh
t r c n g h o a n c a n h n a y ma cac thfla sai cang quyet t a m day m a n h viec t r u y e n giae len v u n g T a y N g u y e n De sflc ep cam dao r a o riet d ddng bang, t r d n g dd d Tay N g u y e n , mdt vflng d a t rdng ldn tfldng ddi ddc lap, t r i e u dinh n h a Nguyen chfla k i e m s e a t b e t n e n viec "mO dao" len v u n g d a t mdi luc vfla t r a n h sfl truy b a t cua Trieu dinh vfla xam n h a p vao v u n g d a t da cd t r e n g ke hoach cua cac thfla sai vdi ki vpng dem "tin mflng" den vdi cac d a n tdc Tay Nguyen va cd the md rdng s a n g c i Lae Trdng thfl viet cho Ban tfl van T h a n h Be Dfle t m de 19 t h a n g 11 n a m 1838, Giam muc Cuenot da the hien q u y e t t a m nay: " Mdt nhflng n g u y e n vpng t h a thiet n h a t cua tdi la md m e t cen dfldng cho tin mflng den t a n sdng Ca d Lad Va mac dfl da t h a t bai 20 l i n , mdi day tdi da thfl mdt l i n nfla Vd p h u c t h a y ! L i n n a y cung k h d n g hdn gi l i n trflde"'"
2 V a n d e d i a dfl - k h i h a u
Trd ngai dau tien tren bfldc dfldng t r u y e n giae cua cac vj thfla sai ngeai qud'c d v u n g Tay Nguyen, cd le la dja h i n h each trd va b e n h t a t
Dja h i n h T a y Nguyen bj cbia cat bdi n h i e u sdng sudi r a t hiem trd, dfldng giad t h d n g h a u nhfl k h d n g cd chu yeu la dfldng mdn hdac p h i i tfl md dfldng b a n g qua rflng gia, nfli t h a m va phfldng tien di lai n h a t la b a n g cbinh ddi chan Tren dfldng di gap vd v a n sfl nguy hiem
Linh m u c D e u r i s b o u r e , mdt t r e n g nhflng vi thfla sai cd m a t d i u tien d Tay N g u y e n , d a n d i v e sfl k h d n h e c t r e n Linh mue Nguyen Hoang San Tai heu da dAn phan cudi
(3)dfldng vad Tay Nguyen treng hdi ki eua minh nhfl sau "Ddi luc nui nen qua hiem trd den ndi mud'n lee len, ngfldi ta p h i i dung tay bam tfla thee cac re cay ldn Te bdn nfla la da len den dinh nui, lai phai tiep tuc lee xud'ng sfldn nui ben va da xud'ng dfldc tan chan nui lai p h i i led len, de rdi p h i i di xud'ng va led len nfla "''" "Ndi day chang cd vet dfldng mdn nad va sfldn nui thang dflng nhfl bflc tfldng "'^'
Trdng b i n bad eac thfldng nien cua Giam mue Gallibert nhan dip kinh li vac dau nam 1880 ve vung truyen giad Bana gdi chd Hdi Truyen giao hai ngoai Paris nhfl sau: "Chung tdi len dfldng va mot t u i n sau, chung tdi da den d vdi tin hflu cua chung tdi Cudc hanh trinh cfle ki vat va, sudt p h i i lee nhflng cen dfldng ngean ngee, qua rflng ram va chieu tdi chung tdi ngii ngeai trdi Chung tdi dd't quanh chung tdi nhflng ddng lila td phai gifl ludn sudt dem de dudi thu dfl qua nhieu cae rflng nui Sau cudc hanh trinh chflng tdi bean tean xac tin rang cdn va can cap bach thiet lap vai tram trung gian gifla Viet Nam va cfl dan Bana, eac tram xay dflng xong, cen dfldng se an tean hdn Cac cha ed the chuyen den tan mien rflng ru cua ho nhflng dd dflng c i n thiet nhat ma eae ngai den cdn thieu thdn, dd tinh trang dfldng sa xau va sd vi mat an ninh""''
Khi den Tay Nguyen, mdt vung dat dfldc menh danh la vflng "rflng thieng, nfldc ddc" cac thfla sai phai del mat vdi benh tat ciia xfl nhiet ddi, nha't la benh sdt ret rflng Day qua la met trd ngai khd khac phuc va da t r i gia bang mang sd'ng cua cac linh muc thfla sai nfldc ngoai " Ban sflc ndng cang gay git, ci bflc bac nbieu thi ngflpe lai ban dem cang
lanh bud't bay nhieu Khdng hiem tha'y nhiet k e b a xud'ng 2°e cd den 0°c vac gid sang va tang len 37"c tham chi cao hdn nfla vao k h e i n g trfla Sfl thay ddi nhiet dp qua dot ngdt thee eon nghi, la met treng nhflng nguyen nhan lam che hau het sflc ddc hai ddi vdi nhflng ngfldi ngoai qud'c "'^' Benh tat da lay di nhieu sinh mang cua eac nha truyen giae mdi dat chan len vung da't De khdng quen vdi thd nhfldng, hau ma sau met thdi gian ngan da lam benh va nhieu vi da vinh vien nam lai ndi nui rflng Trdng giai ddan 1850-1888, benh tat va thdi tiet da lam nga guc 15 vi truyen giac: "Trong so' 17 vi thfla sai va linh muc Viet Nam thi 15 vi da nga guc thdi gian Con sd' ngfldi truj^en giae khdng hdn 1.000 ngfldi, hau nhfl dflng yen tai chd Dd la ndi dau khd lam that vpng chd viec lean truyen tin ngfldng trdng giai ddan hien nay"'®'
Benh sdt ret rflng la can benh khung khiep nhat, khdng nhflng lay di nhieu sinh mang cua cac nha truyen giac ma cdn tan pha sfl sd'ng eua cac dan tdc thieu sd' Tay Nguyen, mai che den g i n day mdi dfldc kiem scat Thfla sai Dourisboure da thfla nhan chua xdt rang: " Trong chdn nui rflng tfl do, cai xfl dec lap tuyet ddi cd mdt Nfl hoang bao chua, khat khe ma khdng thoat khdi ach thdng trj cila Ba Nfl hoang ay chinh la benh sdt ret rflng Chinh nhflng ngfldi dan b i n xfl thinh t h d i n g cung tra mdn nd Cdn nhflng ngfldi ngoai qud'c, khdng t r a n h
4 P Dourisboure Ddn king Ho Sdd, tr 46 5 P Dourisboure Ddn Idng Hd Sdd, tr 61
6 Linh mue Nguydn Hoang Scm Tai lieu da dan phin eudi
(4)khdi Da so bi nd d a n h guc T h e thi, ddi vdi t a t ca nhflng dfldc sai den mien t r u y e n giao d a n tdc eua c h u n g tdi, tdi hfla la hp se dfldc tfl dao, t d dao k h d n g bao q u a n g , k h d n g gdng cum, k h d n g ddn vpt, k h d n g t r a t a n , k h d n g dd m a u , nhflng viec td dao dd k h d n g k e m p h i n d a u ddn va dai lau hdn nhieu "'^'
-Nhflng kbf h a u k h i c n g h i e t da k h d n g the lam cac giao si t r u y e n giao dflng lai hoac bd cudc n d a chflng
3 V a n d e c h u n g t o e
Sfl k h a c n h a u ve c h u n g tdc, ngdn ngfl cua cac thfla sai vdi cfl d a n t h i e u sd', cung la "vach tfldng" n g a n trd viec t r u y e n giae, ft n h a t la t r d n g budi d i u ddi vdi cac n h a t r u y e n giao
Thfl n h a t , la sfl k h a c biet ve c h u n g tdc Bfldc d i u , k h i x a m n h a p v a e vflng ddng bao d a n tdc t h i e u so', de tiep xuc vdi dan lang, ngfldi ta t h a y cac vj thfla sai vdc d a n g te ldn k h a c thfldng, nfldc da t r a n g , r a u tdc r a m r a p t r d n g r a t k h a c vdi ngfldi dia phfldng, N e n h a u h e t ngfldi d a n ngai, nghi ngd va t h a y khd g i n T r d n g thdi gian k h a dai, c a n h cila eua cac lang ma cac vi thfla sai den d e u ddng s a p va tfl chcl tiep xuc N g a y k h i Bek Khiem m e t ngfldi ndi t i e n g k h a p v u n g ngfldi B a n a va Tay N g u y e n , nhflng k h i tiep xuc vdi cac thfla sai v i n ngai, k h d n g d a m ket nghia a n h em vdi he; "Bek Khiem td r a k i n h trpng, p h a lan c h u t sd set trflde m a t hai cha ngfldi Au, k h d n g d a m mdng dfldc vinh dfl k e t n g h i a a n h em vdi cae ngai m a chi xin k e t t i n h b i n g hflu va ket nghia a n h em vdi T b i y s a u Do thdi"""'; Yeu td ngfldi Au cdn la trd n g a i m a i ve s a u nay, cac n h a t r u y e n giad da d a t dfldc cd sd t r u y e n giao b a n d a u d Kdn T u m va t r o n g sudt hdn 100 n a m t r u y e n giao len Tay
Nguyen, Cdng giao cflng chi p h a t trien chu yeu t r o n g d a n tdc B a n a va Xddang d Kdn T u m Do vay cae n h a t r u y e n giao da c h u t r p n g xay dflng dpi ngfl t r u y e n giae la ngfldi b i n dja tai chd, vdi sfl r a ddi trfldng dad tad giad p h u (1908) de dad tad dpi n g u giae li vien den tflng lang d a n tdc vdi phfldng c h a m cflng an, d lam va t r u y e n dae; dad tad eac linh muc ban xfl la c i n thiet, nhfl n h a n d i n h cua Linh muc C u r e n u p t ve vai trd cua Linh muc C h a u p h u t a dac t r a c h ngfldi tin hflu Giarai: "Cae linh m u c B a n a c h u n g ta biet hda hdp sfl hien dien cua h e vdi cac dan tdc ma cac n g a i r a o giang, nhd de thich nghi, cac ngai de t h a n h cdng hdn cac vj tdng dd trflde k h d n g the d a t dfldc T h a t vay, vj thfla sai dfl "trd nen nhfl mpi ngfldi" van gap khd k h a n , dd la "vach tfldng c h u n g tdc m a u da" Nhfl vay, tdi s u n g sfldng biet r a n g cdng viec cua cha Bana, cha C h a u , q u a n t a m dac biet cac tin dd ngfldi G i a r a i m a n g n h i e u ket q u i ma tdi k h d n g the d a t dfldc t r e n g giao te b a n g cflng nhfl thflc h a n h tdn giao • ( 1 )
Thfl bai, la ngdn ngfl b a t ddng Hieu va sii d u n g dfldc ngdn ngfl cua cac dan tec b i n dja de phuc vu che cdng viec truyen giao vao Tay Nguyen da dfldc tfnh trflde va d a t trdng chfldng t r i n h chd mien truyen giao nay, nhflng vao mdi dan tdc, mdi n h d m cua m e t d a n tdc, hpc dfldc ngdn ngfl cua hp k h d n g p h i i ddn g i i n , ddi bdi cd thdi gian va dac biet ed dfldc thdi gian s d n g , t r a i n g h i e m , t h d n g q u a c a c m d i 9 P Dourisboure Ddn Idng Ho Sdd tr 238-239
(5)quan he dfldc xay dflng, dd mdi cd dieu kien de hpc, tim hieu met ngdn ngfl khdng ed chfl viet nhfl cae dan tdc d Tay Nguyen Nhan thflc dflpc r i n g , hieu biet dflpc tieng ndi eua eac dan tdc se la phfldng tien vd cflng hflu hieu ddi vdi viee truyen dao, nen den vflng nae thi eac nha truyen giao bat tay vae hpe tieng vung dd ngay: " Met treng nhflng phan sfl thiet yeu eua ngfldi thfla sai la ed' hpc cho minh ngdn ngfl ma vi phai dflng de giang day, de ban phep giai tdi, de thi hanh thfla tae vu cua minh thinh theang, met vi thfla sai da b i t d i u cd the lam che ngfldi dfl tdng hieu minh thi vi thfla sai ay bi cam dd ngflng lai, mudn bd \dec hpc ngdn ngfl, vd'n khd nhpc va khd khan Tdi xin phep ndi r i n g dd la mdt sai l i m nghiem trpng, r a t thiet thdi che p h i n cflu rdi cac lmh hdn""-' De hpe dfldc met thfl tieng dan tdc nao dd la met cdng viee rat khd khan, bdi d day chfl viet chfla cd, khdng cd sach vd, tfl dien, khdng cd ngfldi hfldng din, khdng khac nae di vad rflng ma khdng cd la ban ehi dan De hpc dfldc tieng ddng bao, cac thfla sai phai tfl may md, gdp nhat va rat khd luyen "Tren ddi it cd dieu gi khd hdn la hpc mdt ngdn ngfl ma khdng ed sach vd, khdng cd tfl dien, khdng cd sach ngfl phap, khdng cd ngfldi thdng dich, nha't la nhflng ngfldi ndi ngdn ngfl dd lai la nhflng ngfldi dan khd'n khd, hieu biet ban che, tri khdn cham phat trien "'^^'
Ve sau, van de ngdn ngfl khdng cdn la trd ngai ddi vdi eac nha truyen giac ngdai qud'c nfla, hp da hpc dflpc tieng ndi cua ngfldi dia phfldng, hdn nfla hp cdn tac chfl Viet che met sd dan tdc d day Chinh nhd ndi dfldc tieng ndi eua ddng bad, khdng nhflng giup cho eac thfla sai
viec truyen dao, ma d i n tae dfldc uy tin trdng lang cd dao va ca nhflng lang chfla tdng giae "Da qua rdi thdi ki ma cac lang dan tdc ludn ddng cdng lang vdi chung tdi, thdi ngfldi dan tdc cdn sd'ng cd lap, ludn chay trdn tha'y bdng dang chung tdi tfl xa Bay gid chung tdi nhan thay d khap mpi nPi khdng nhflng de dang tiep xuc ma cdn tiep ddn niem nd, kfnh trpng va quy men chung tdi nfla Tfl chung tdi ndi dflpc tieng dia phfldng va cd the trad ddi, ban luan ve de tai mdi xay va khdng ehi nhflng lang chung tdi cfl tru da h a n h dpng nhfl vay thdi dau, ma cdn nhieu lang dan tdc khac d xa, hdan tdan ngdai dao, cung td tin can khdng kem "'"'
4 Van d e x a hoi
Nhin chung treng xa hdi cd truyen cua vflng ddng bae dan tdc thieu sd' Tay Nguyen, den d i u the ki XX, ehi tdn tai nha't met td chflc xa hpi gpi la "lang"-plei, budn, sdc theo each gpi cila mdi dan tdc Va mdi lang cd thiet che rieng, dec lap vdi lang khac Day la td chflc tfl quan cae, mdi lang deu ed met "bd may tfl quin", dflng dau la met "Gia lang", thay mat dan lang quan xuyen mpi viee de dan lang uy nhiem Ngfldi dan ehi biet sd'ng, s i n xuat, sinh heat treng pham vi ranh gidi eua lang minh, ngoai ranh gidi ay, ngfldi ta it quan tam den cac lang khac Met td chflc cd tinh khep kin nhfl vay, cd tac dung ciing cd, cd ket cdng ddng rat cae, nhflng de md rdng, giae Iflu vdi eac cdng ddng khac thi cd mat ban che Trflde day, quan he gifla cac lang, cac dan tdc tren dia ban, cd luc xay xung ddt va dan den chie'n t r a n h , vdi r a t nhieu li
(6)n h i e u chi vi m e t n g u y e n cd r a t nhd c u n g de l a m hflng p h a t b a n thfl gifla hai lang Cac n h a t r u y e n giao n h a n tha'y, day la mdt "rao c i n " cho viec t r u y e n giao G i a m m u e C h a b o n i e r k h i k i n h li v u n g cao n g u y e n n a m 1880 da n h a n xet "( ) Mdi mdt vj thfla sai chi cd t h e giang day t r o n g mdt l a n g m a thdi, vi cac bd lac va budn lang thfl djeh n h a u , h i u nhfl thfldng xuyen, h e n tue, ne'u n g a i mud'n thflc thi muc vu ndi k h a c , cen chien trflde eua ngai c h a n g m a y chd'c n h i n n g a i nhfl ke t h u va k h d n g cdn n g h e ldi n g a i nfla""'" Trdng bflc thfl cua Linh m u c Cdmbes, thfla sai tien khdi p h u t r a c h vflng B a n a gdi chd cac linh m u c t r e n g b a n giam dd'c c h u n g vien Hdi Thfla sai, n g a y 29/9/1883, da p h a n a n h t i n h t r a n g t r e n ; "Thfla quy cha va quy ddng n g h i e p , t h e e nhflng gi vfla ke t r e n day, thi chien t r a n h la mdt nhflng tai boa gay d a u khd n h a t cho xfl nay: vi t h e , ngfldi t a thfldng xuyen sd'ng t r o n g sd h a i va c a n h giac cao dp, di dau c u n g m a n g t h e o vu kbf H i u nhfl t a t ca cac lang, ft n h i e u deu cd xay cdng sfl, t h a n h luy day va dfldc bad hoc bdi h a n g n g h i n c h d n g t r e nhpn h e a t , t u a tua k h i p mpi hfldng"'"''
Trflde m e t td chflc va t h i e t che xa bdi nhfl vay, cac n h a t r u y e n giac ngdai qud'c " l i m luc nhfl k h d n g t h e vfldt qua", de k h i c p h u c v a n de nay, n h a n sfl dja phfldng la giai p h a p lau dai Cac n h a t r u y e n giad biet r a n g de p h a t trien d a e t r d n g nhflng cdng ddng k h e p kin nhfl vay thi viee d a e t a e cen ngfldi tai chd chd viec t r u y e n giad la r a t c i n thiet Trfldng dad tao giao li vien (trfldng Cuenot), k h a n h t h a n h n a m 1908 d Kon T u m la n h i m dap flng n h u cau t r e n
5 Y e u t o t i n n g U d n g
Tdn giao tin ngfldng vflng dan tdc t h i e u sd T a y N g u y e n , t h e e nhieu n h a n g h i e n cflu, la tin ngfldng "van vat hflu linh" C h u n g q u a n h ddi sd'ng cua be la t h e gidi t h i n linh (Yang) cd tac ddng cbi phdi s a u sac den ddi sd'ng cdng ddng va cua tflng t h a n h vien Tfl q u a n niem dd, da h i n h t h a n h nhflng quy tac flng xfl ldi sd'ng, nhflng cam kj k i e n g cfl mudn h i n h v a n t r a n g t r e n g ddi sdng Viec dfla giao t h u y e t che r a n g t r e n ddi n a y cbi cd met C h u a n h a t (tdn giae ddc t h i n ) v a e t h a y t h e cac "vj t h a n b a n dja" d v u n g d a n tdc t h i e u sd Tay Nguyen, dfldng nhfl la k h d n g t h e Day q u i la met chfldng ngai vat khd vfldt q u a cua cac n h a t r u y e n giao
Trong budi d i u , cac thfla sai bj dan lang phan flng quyet liet " xuc pham" den tap tuc, tin ngfldng cua ho "Khi chung tdi bay td cho a n h em Thfldng thay sfl vd bd cua dieu luat gifl, chung tdi mud'n lam che bp bd nhflng t a p tuc me tin cd bai, thi bp ludn ludn tra ldi: d, nhflng ma se x i y den tai fldng nay, m a t m a t cai kia, benh tat np; nhflng vu m u a cua chung tdi se hdng, cai c h u n g tdi se chet Tdi se thiet m a n g mdt each khdn nan""^
Khi n g h i e n cflu ve h e a t ddng t r u y e n ba Cdng giae v u n g d a n tdc t h i e u sd d giao p h a n Kon T u m , N g u y e n Hdng Dfldng da n h a n dinh: "De t h e e Cdng giao, met tdn giae dec t h a n , t a n tin dd budc p h i i tfl bd cac vi t h a n cua b u d n lang Do lang, tin dd chi la sd' it n e n bp hi cdng ddng cfldi che, t h a m chi tfl bd, k h i e n t a n tin dd de d a n g bd dao, nhflng t h i e n tai, djeh benh x i y r a thfldng dfldc d a n l a n g lien he dd la 15 Linh muc Nguydn Hoang San "B6I giao phu" Tai lieu da din, phan II
(7)sfl trflng phat eua t h i n dc lang ed ngfldi thed Cdng giad Vi vay ma viec phat trien tin dd budn lang truyen thd'ng khdng dat ket qui '^®' Day la mdt "bflc tfldng ngan can" r a t ldn cho viee truyen ba Cdng giae vae vung dan tdc thieu sd' d thdi ki d i u Dd vay, trdng thdi gian dai, sd' tin dd tan tdng r a t it, viee phat trien dac gan nhfl "dam chan tai chd" Trcng vdng nam (tfl 1848 den 1853) lam phep rila tdi chi dfldc tan tdng, thdi gian sau dd khdng kha quan hdn, tfl nam 1848-1888, 40 nam tfl cac vi thfla sai den vflng dat Tay nguyen, nhflng chi khdng den met nghin ngfldi tdng giao"*'
De vfldt qua "bflc tfldng" nay, trdng qua trinh sd'ng va truyen giad, cac thfla sai da tim each "dung hda" sfl khac biet gifla tin ngfldng ban dia vdi tdn giac mdi, hay ndi each khae hp da linh heat "ban dia hda" mdt sd tin dieu trdng giad li cua Cdng giad, cho g i n va phfl hdp vdi tam thflc tdn giio cua ngfldi dja phfldng Nhfl lam chd met sd' cau chuyen treng Kinh Thanh g i n vdi chuyen ed tich cua ngfldi dan tdc; bien Chua Giesu nhfl met "yang" tdi cae treng dien T h i n eua ddng bae ban dia'^"' Hay hdi nhap le nghi Cdng giao vdi luat tuc va van hda b i n dja*^"
Qua mot sd' sfl kien va sd' lieu neu tren, chung ta nhan thay rang viec truyen ba Cdng giao va sau cd chd dflng vflng ddng b a o d a n tdc t h i e u sd' T a y
Nguyen la qua trinh lau dai thdi ki dau gap nhieu trd ngai, rad c i n tfl nhflng khae biet ve dja li, Ijeh sd, van hda, tin ngfldng Nhflng qua trinh truyen giao eac thfla sai da cd nhflng phfldng thflc de dfla Cdng giao vao tflng lang tflng dan tdc d i n dan tflng bfldc nhflng that chac chan Nguyen Hdng DflPng, kbi de cap den heat ddng truyen Cdng giao vung dan tdc thieu so d giad phan Kdn Tum da neu cac phfldng thflc truyen dae nhfl: Thanh lap cac lang Cdng giae/ giae xfl/ giao hp va cac giae diem lay dd lam ndng cdt phat trien dae cac lang xung quanh; Hdi nhap le nghi Cdng giad vdi luat tuc va van hda b i n dia; Pha than tac than; Sang tad chfl viet; Dao tao giao phu lam ndng cd't cho heat ddng truyen giae; Tich cfle heat ddng xa bdi tfl thien'^^' Cae nha truyen giae da van dung linh heat nhflng phflpng thflc vae dieu kien cua mdi dan tdc de ed ket q u i td't nhat./
18 Nguydn Hdng Duong Hoat ddng truyen Cdng
gido viing ddn tdc thieu so d gido phdn Kon Turn - mot so bieii hien dac thii, tap chf Nghien euu
Tdngiao.sd 5(41), 2006
19 Linh mue Nguydn Hoang Son "Bdi giao phu" Tai lieu da dan, phan III
20 Nhieu tae gia Cdc ddn tdc tinh Gia Lai-Kon Tum Nxb Khoa hpe xa hpi Ha Ndi, 1981.tr 156-157
21 Nguydn Hdng Ducmg Bai da din Tap ehi Nghien curu Tdn giao, sd 5(41), 2006
22 Nguydn Hdng Duong Bai da din Tap chi Nghien cijru Tdn giao, sd 5(41), 2006
1981.tr.