THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
cAv 2- RAU, our.rc oE Ar,r vA rnAt rn! DAU aENH Ldi n6i d6,u ngrdi tir budi so khai di tim ki6m thrlc dn t16 tidp xtic vdi c6 ciy, chim thti Th6ng qua viQc sft dung c6y c6 lim thrlc 6n md ngttdi de tim tlrrgc nhidu rgrdl thrrc phdm ttr th{c v4t Nhfrng kinh nghiem tich lfiy drrgc g6p phdn vdo viQc sfi dgng c6 hiQu qui hon c6c ngudn lgi thien nhi6n Cric kinh nghiQm d6 dttgc truy6n til ddi nAy qua ddi khric, til virng niy sang virng khdc, ttr nrrdc ndy sang nudc khdc' Ctrng vdi viQc giao hru, cdy c6 a,lg" a,f" ,rao tr6.rg trot tld gitip ngddi sfI dung den mrlc tot nhdt cdc s6n phdm c0a tqr nhi6n viro viec gif gin sU can bing tdng trrrdng cira co thd, n6ng cao s(lc kh6e, tri ddoc moi hoat dQng sdng d nrrdc ta, viQc d(c kdt kinh nghi6m sfr dung c6c loAi c6y ldm rau dn b6n canh cdrc cdy cira TuQ TInh vd Linh lim thuo'c d6 dudc t4p hop Nam duoc Nam bin thdo cfra H6i Thugng Len Ong, dirng thdn hiQu Kh6 c6 thd ph6n biet kh6i niQm dn duoc vd lim thuoc vi ngudi thong qua viQc chd bien thuc v4t ldm thrlc au tla gifr cho co thd dugc c6n bxng, tr6nh dugc bQnh Qt Khi c6 bQnh nghia li c6 sg mdt c6n bing sinh lf cia co thd; ngudi de sir dung nhfng lodi cay c6 nhdt tlinh ndo d6 md d6m brio tlUgc su can bXng, trdnh dudc benh tdt Trong rin uong hing ngdry, cdc loai thrrc ph6"m tr) cdy c6 ding vdi lidu lr,rong thich hop d6u c6 hoat tinh sinh lf nhdt tlinh cdy c6 d5 cung crip cho co thd ngtldi nhfrng thdnh phdn dinh dudng chinh cing v6i c6c muoi khoring vii c6c vitamin Nhd d6 md lodi ngudi da tdn tai va phr{t tridn nhrr ngdY naY c6 rdt nhidu lodi cdy c6 drrgc s& dung ldm ngu6n rau, ddu nhung chua c6 c6ng trinh ndo t4p hop chring mQt c6ch tldy dn Vi vay, vi€c thong k6 lai nhrlng cdy c6 thudrrg d'ing ldm thrrc phdm s& dung hing ngiy ld mQt viQc ldm cdn thi61 Bi6l cdy c6 dd ding, lai cdn bi6l crich thu hrii cho sach s6 vQ sinh, trdng cho kh6i bi nhi6m, chd bidn cho d(rng Qui cdch tld girip dn ngon cflng quan trgng khong k6m Ivldt khric, hidu tltroc giri tri crla tirng loai thr,^tc phdm girip cho ngudi phdng dtrgc benh vd tri drJoc benh cd,n thiet; tlidu tl6 cring c6 y nghia 16n lao doi vdi cuQc song ciia ngr"(di NQi dung cu0'n sdch g6m c6 B phdn chinh: A Rau dflu cdn thi€t cho cu$e sdng c0a ngudi B Cdc loqi rau, d{u ding dd 6n vi c0ng 231 lodi x6p theo vdn ti€ng ViQt dtro.c ding tri bQnh bao g6m M6i lodi tlrroc gidi thiQu theo rHnh tu: - TOn cay - Mo t.i - ph6n sinh th6i - Chd bi6h Inm thuc phdm _ Srl dung lim thuo,c vi b0' c Danh rquc mOt sd chrirng b6nh th6ng thudng vd c6c lol.i rau, tl{u ding in ho{c chd bi6n tld tli6u tri Hidu ddng, hidu tldy dt vd tilng loii cay rau, chring dd srl dung ch[ng ld mQt viQc ldm cdn thi€t trdi d4u vd loi ich cria Dugc sr,t khuyoh khfch ctia Ban gi6m doc Nhd xudt b6n, t6c giit ale tap hop nhfrng gi de bidt qua mOt sd c0ng trinh dd c6ng bd gi6p ban dgc c6 nhong th6ng tin co bdn Hy vgng dtroc ban d9c g6p f tld c6 thd bd sung, sr?a chrta cho ldn in sau Tp Hd Chi Minh, thring n6m 2004 T6c gii A RAU, oAu cAx rurffr cno cuQc sdNc cta coN Ncrjdr Nh6n dAn ta thudng stl dqrng nhidu loai thfJc in thuc vat Ngoii gao Iir phg lo4i thr,rc phdm chinh hing ngiy, chfng ta cdn sit dung cdc loai hoa miu loii c6c cua Ii hqt loai c6 nhu Ngo, Khoai, DQu, Sdn (Mi), KC, c6 loai li cu, c6 L4c' Sdn' s9, cay tlii an nguyOn chat thay com nhu Ng6, Khoai lang, Khoai thd luOc, nudng hay rang, c6 xav thdnh bQt tlii lim bdnh' Trong bfra 6n, th6ng thtldng khong thd thieu m6n rau vi c6c lo4i tr6i in cay; ch6ng drroc dung lirm thfc 6n kbm vdi com ho{c dirng tl6 lim m6n trdng miQng [n' Ra:r li nhf,ng sdn phdm cfra thrJc v{t mi ngudi ta chi ding lim th(rc phg kh6c 6n vdi com, chrl kh6ng thd an thay com dUoc nhtr i6c loai hoa mitu n6i tr6n Rau c6 thii trdng o vddn, c6c ao hd vdi quy m0 nho' hoic lA o ruQng ndu cdn khoi lrrong ldn hon Rau cfing c6 thd rlugc thu hrti tU nhung loii virng cAy moc hoang d4i td nhi6n, c6 thir li rau ritng, c6 thf rau moc ri ddi c6 thf mgc tr6n c6c ving ntr6c nggt hay m6n' Nhf,ng lodi rau thtrdng tr6ng vudn phii bie.n nhat ld Rau cdi, cdi (c6 thd cho moc leo bdp, su hio, sup ld, su su, ci, ci chua, cd r6i, mdng toi qud vi nhi6u loSi hring d't, froi .dt ,tgg., tiy chdi), ming, mOn, hinh, he' toi, d c6c ao hd, ng6t nhrr rau rau gia vf kh6c c6 th|l tluoc trdng lim hing iio tl6 nrldc rau dira r0t, nhin ddn ta thrJdng trdng rau mudng, rau cdn, rau Nam' d Trung, Bdc, rau mudng lh m6n rau thydng dirng nhdt hi6n khdp cl{u dii nhU loai tl4u c6c ruQng, ,rgrrdi t" trdng rau lang, ci, cdc loai rau cii, l6ng' tlinh trdng m6n, 6o, d4u dua Noi c6 dat ddi nhi6u, ngudi ta trdng sdn, 16 qui nhung An trdng hoa hiOn, hoa thi€n lj', sen c4n C0ng c6 nhitng ciy non drJdc dtrng lim rau nhrJ 16 xoii, 16 didu c6 loai rau trdng, lai c6 loai rau mgc hoang dai c6 loai ld c6y thao mgc bd nhrr rau m6, rau sam, c6 loai moc d nrlJc nlirj rau mudng c6 lo4i li cdy th6o, c6 loai li cAy nhd, c6 loqi li c6y leo, c6 loai lA ciy 96' Th6ng thudng nhdt chring ta hay srl dung 16 vi ngqn non (bdp c6i' rau didp, rau ng6t), c6 lo4i 6n 16 vd cri (c0 d6n, c0 cii, ce rdt, su hio, khoai t6y ), (cd, bdu, bi' dua c6 loai 6n hirnh (nhu t6i, hinh, hdnh tdy), c6 io4i 6n qud trn hoa chuQt, bi dao, ci chua ) c6 loSi dn hat (tl4u c6 ve, d{u hi lan"'), c6 lqi (sup lo, aetis6 ) vir c6 loai 6n thfln (mlng tiy.") C6 lo4i rau 6n sdng nhrr rau didp, xA l6ch, cdi xoong, ci chua, dt vd c6c loai rau thom c6 loai in xio, dn luoc hoic n6'u canh rh,r-r.u mudng, rau cdn, rau ngd, cii bdp, su hio, cd chua, c6c loai mtrng tre, ming n(ra, mlng giang C6 tho n6'u th*t mdm dn mdi ngon nhu c6i bdp, cei d, iu m6 C6 thrl rau ding {n muO'i, ta goi li mudi chua nhrl dua c6i, dua hanh, drta ki6u, dua bdp cdi, dua cdi cri, drra cdn vi mdng chua; m6n th6ng dung nh{t li ci mu0i c6 thtl khong ding dn ri6ng, ma dd dn nhr-r gia vi vdi cac thgc in kh6c, nhu hring qud, hring ldng, tia t0, rau rdm, ld ngd, 16 gttng, cir nghQ, cri s6, hinh, t6i, ridng, dr1a, khd, dt, chanh, rau mti, mii tiu, didpc6, 16 i6.t ' c'ng can ch0 f b6n canh cdc loai rau tuoi, cbn c6 nhfng roai rau kho mi phdn ldn ld cric lo4i d{u Trong ddi sdng h}ing ngdy chring ta dtng nhi6u roai d4u (l+c, il{u c0 ve, d6u dria, d4u rdng ) Nhi6u toai aau duo d,lrrg ndu trQn vdi g4o n6'p, g4o t6 Mot loai dQu quan ld dau ndnh c6 thd dnng lim chd bidn tuong, d4u phq, sfla d{u ndnh, chao, tlam dau xi vira giiu dam lai c6 nhi6u acid b6o kh6ng no Tuong li m6n {n quen thu6c vtng trdng qu6 va c6 thi thdnh, vira ld m6n dn vira ld nudc chdm D{u phu cm! ta m6n dn phd bi6h bfra com chay, c0ng nhrr m6n chdo, ddu co nhidu ua dudng "rr'at Trong ddn gian, thrrdng c6 c6u "com kh6ng rau nhrr trau kh6ng thuoc" Di6u d6 chrrng t6 nhrin dan ta tl6 x6c nhdn giri tri dinh dudng crla rau tldi sdng V{y rau, driu cing dd cung cdp cho co thd h;;;;=;fteg chdt gi? chring ta lan luot x6t c6c chdt co b6n md rau d6 mang ddn- cho co thd: Protein (cha't tlqm) cung cdp cdc acid amin cho co thd protein in vdo bf thriy phdn h6 ti6u h6a thdnh c6c acid amin sau d6, c6c acid amin ndy tlttoc hdp thu dd tdi t?.o thdnh c6c protein mdi cria co thd Rau cung cdp cho co thd mOt h-tong protein nhdt dinh Trrrdc hdt n6i dcn nhrng toi rau trrong thrrdng nhu rau mudng, thi ding b00 gam rau, c6 thd ta cong duoc cung cdp mOt lrrong protein ld 16 gam tudng duong vdi 100 gam thit ba chi c6c loai rau gidu protein hon nhu rau sdng, rau ng6t, rau gidn, rau rft, la sdn tii luong rau cdn dn lai ithon nhi6u Ndu chring ta dr)ng cric loai rau ho D{u nhtr dqu xanh, d6u v6n, d{u dii thi ltrong protein cria chring lai cao hon c6 cdn vudt xa c6 c6 thit, trtirng XUr^"d.lugng-thi nhtrvriy, nhung x6t vd chdt thi protein thuc v6t thudng , ^ m6t thi6u sd acid amin cd.n rhidt mA co thd ch6ng ta khong if,e iO"g t oi tluoc; d6 v6n cdn ph6i bd sung thOm thrlc dn dOng vat Tuy nhi6n tir trrrdc ddn & cd,c nudc nghdo, nh6n d6n thidu ngu6n p.oi"i., crQng v{t, thi ciic thfc dn thuc vQt gifr vai trd quan trong viQc cung cdp protein cho ngudi N01 chrlng ta biO't che bi6n dring c6ch, 6n ph6i hop rau vd ddu thi ngu6n protein cung cdp cho co thd s6 d6i deo hon Lipid (chat b6o) li nhfing thrlc dn dtr trf, ndng ltrong Cdc loai rau thudng 6n c6 lugng lipid kh6ng dring kd, chi trir mOt sd it thrlc 6n mir ngrrdi ta srl dqrng riOng vd m{t ndy nhrr lac, vr}ng (mE), d4u tudng, dira Do d6 nhdn d6n ta thrldng bd sung c6c loai th(c 6n c6 chdt b6o viro bta en nhrr d4u trrong (drroc che bien thAnh DAu phu, trrong, chao), ciri dita, l4c (dau phOng), vung Glucid (chat dridng bQt) le nhirng thrlc dn cho ndng luong dd tiii tao lai kh6e vd ld.m vi6c duoc d6o dai Cric chat drrdng bOt chi c6 it nhtng Ioai cdy ding lim rau in: mQt sd loai kh6c nhu khoai lang, sdn, bi, chudi, khoai sg, cdc loai hoa qud chin nhtt drla, ci chua, ci r6't cung cdp nhi6u sritc glucid Vitamin c6 nghia ld ciic amin cAn thi6t cho stI sdng Nhflng luong rdt nh6 vitamin c6 hoat tinh cdn thidt cho qu6 trinh chuydn h6a vi di6u hba crichoat tlQng phrit triein vd sinh sin c0a co thd Co thd ngudi vi dOng vat khdng tdng hop cluoc vitamin, nhung thdc vQt lai tdng hop tltroc nhfing chdt sinh hoc quan niy Vi vqy cr{c loai rau c6i ld ngudn cung cdp vitamin rdt phong phd vd da clang Tdt cA rau tdoi ddu chrla vitamin Cdc vitamin niy c6 vai trd rd-t quan Lrong viQc chuydh h6a c6c ch6it ho4t dQng cria c6c tuydn n6i tiet, ngdn ngrla bQnh b6o phi, xo vita dOng mach vdL nhi6u b6nh kh6c Rau cung cAip cho cd thd gdn L}OVo vitamin C Vitamin ndy c6 nhi6u c6c loai qud nhu cam, chanh, du dti chin vd rau nhu: rau ng6t (175mg), rau day (77mg), rau mdng toi (72mg), sup lo (70mg), c6i trdng, cii sen, cd chua (40-50m8).- y6 rau gia vi nhrr kinh gi6'i, rau mii, thia ld, hdnh 16, dt v.v Vitamin C c6 nhidu c6ng dung Trudc het, n6 c6 t6.c d.ung gi6.m bdt m6t crich dring kd lrrong cholesterol m6u ngtrdi, d6 n6 chong lai xo vfa dQng mach li nguy0n nhdn lim cho huydt 6p tdng cao N6 dnh htrdng ddn sd lidn xr/ong, girip hinh thinh c6c khdp gi6; ndu srl dgng vitamin C phdi hop vdi vitamin P s6 c6 6nh hudng tO't ddn trang th6i crja mao mach Vitamin C vdi li6u cao sE ngdn ngrla aluoc c6m crim mia lanh vi n6 n6ng cao sfc tl6 khring cfra co thd Ngudi ta cho ri.ng t6c dung kich thich nhidu m{t cria vitamin C doi vdi qud trinh trao ddi chA't, vi6c hinh thinh cdc hormon steroit Vitamin C chf,a drroc b6nh tim vd ung thu, vi n6 kich thich vd girip cho ngtldi sit dung tdi da nhflng co che d6 kh6ng tu nhi6n co thd I NAM SA SAM Nam sa sdm, Sa sAm nam hay Xi l6ch bidn Launaea sartnentosa (Willd.) Sch Bip ex Kuntze LL pinnatifida Cass.l, thuOc ho C(tc - Asteraceae M6 tri: C6 song dai c6 gdc 16 hoi ddy l6n, th6n ddi 20-30cm, m6hh, moc bd, ddm 16 vir mang hoa d c6c t16i Ld Nam sa sim Todn cdy moc thdnh hinh hoa thi d g6'c, chia thiy l6ng chim, ddi 3-8cm, r6ng 5-15mm, thon hep ddn & gdc, thiry tan cing hinh tam gi6c l6n hon, c6'c thiry b€n hinh tam gi6c, tir, cdc thiry gdc cing xudng cing hgp ddn Cum hoa ddu miru ving, d gdc cdy ho{c d c6c d6't, c6 cudng ngdn, thrrdng moc don dQc ho{c thinh ngir it hoa Qu6 bd hinh trU, c6 mio l6ng dE rgng PhAn bd vi sinh thdi: Nam sa sdm phdn bo virng Vi0n DOng ta, loiri moc phd bidn tr6n c6c bei crit ven bd bidn vd ven c6c d6o d nudc Chd bidn lirm thr/c phdm: L6 non nam sa sim ding lim rau 6n; thd 6n s0ng nhu rau xi l6ch Sr,? dqrng c6 lim thudc: Ld cfing drrgc dr)ng ldm thudc tri t4ng bach huydt lim nudc gi6i kh6t, l4i c6 t6c dgng nhu4n tring vir loi tidu Toirn c6y nghidn dirng tl{p tri vdt cdn cira srita R6 c6y phoi khO, vdng sdc uong NArvr c6 TRANH N6'm c6 tranh, NAm c6 hay Ndm gO - Agaricus catnpestris thuQc ho Nam md - Agaricaceae L ex Fr., u M6 t6: Mfr ndm l0c ddu trbn, m6p dinh ch{t vio cudng, hinh thinh rnQt bao ri€ng, sau ldi lOn, mfr c6 dang b6n cdu dep, c6 miu tring ho{c nAu nhat, rdng 4-8(12)cm Mdt m0 nhSn b6ng, dqng soi Thit trdng, dOi hoi hdng 191 l3.cR (mdu trdng ngoii khOng tr& thinh mdu h6ng) rdi ndu Cuong ndm hinh tru cdi non ng6n, m{p, l(c gid k6o ddi ra, cao 4-8cm, rQng 0,3-1,5cm; dang thd soi, mdu trdng Khi bao riOng t6ch, n6 tao thdnh mOt vbng dqng ming, mdu trdng tr€n cuOng Phidn ndm rdi, mdu trdng sau bidn thinh miu d6 thit vd cuO'i cirng li mdu n6u tim s6m Bio tt 'hinh bAu duc, mdru ndu Phin bd vi-sinh th:ii: N6'm moc tr6n tl6't nhidu min, bd ruQng hay bdi c6 l6u ndm c6 c6 tranh vd c6c loai c6, c6 g{p tr6n d6't b6n phdn ngr,ra vd gdn chudng nuOi gia sric, vdo mira xudn, hd vi thu Ndm moc t4i nhidu noi til Lang Son, Bdc Giang, Hd Tdy ddn Hi Nr{m c6 tranh Dang chung ndnt non ud ndnr gid Nam Chd Uidn lim thrfc phdm: Nam c6 tranh thuQc loai ndm quf, c6 vd vi cira h6i huong, xdo 6n rdt ngon mti Srrt dqng lim thudc: d T.uttg Qudc, ndm c6 tranh tltrgc dirng vfi tEn Ma c0 vdr tir thdi Li Thdi Tr6n (thd ki 16) dd n6u li c6 cOng dgng ich tn dng vi, h6a dnm lf khi, dirng trf tntdng vi bat tfc, ti6u h6a v0 lrrc vi tlim nhi6u suy6n Ngiy ngudi ta dirng ndm c6 tranh dd tri drroc bQnh cudc khi, th6n thd ri rdi, dn udng kh6ng bidt ngon, kh6 ti6u h6a, bdn huydt, vd cdc m4ch mdu nh6; cdn ding ttd khdng khudn tiOu vi6m vi giim hlong ttrrdng mdu NAM DAT Ndm ddt,.Ndm tua rua, N6'm mdi m[ nh6 hay Ndm vudt - Podabretla microcarpqperk et Br.) Singer, thuQc h6 Ndm Lin - Amanitqteae (co &nc Si6 x6p vi.o h9 Ndm trdng - Tricholomatsceae) r92 ti: Thd qui cfia ndm l6c non chuOng, sau vudn l6n c6 dqng M6 hinh n6n, m0'tht(d4g r6ch, khO, miu x6m tl6h mdu gan gi, thit ndm m6ng, miu trdng M0 nh6, dtrdng kinh 3-4mm Cudng ndm m6nh, cao 2-4(6)cm, dudng kinh cudng 1,5-3mm, miu trdng PhAn bd vi sinh th6i: Ndm mgc tr€n dat c6 liOn quan ddn td mdi vio ddu ha, tua rua mgc, c6 thdnh d6m ldn Ndm mgc khdp ndi, ven nhi, cOng vi6n, ven bd tre, ven d€, ven ddi vi rtfng, tit midn nfi cao ddn cdc tinh tl6ng bing mi6n Bdc, midn Trung vio dOn T6y Ninh \ Na'm l d{t Dang clrung ciia ndnr; Lnt ctit doc tltd quii ctia ndnt Chd bidn lim th{c phdm: in, c6 vi ngot nhd ndm mdi Ndm dirng ndu canh hay xio Srr? drrng lim thu6'c: C0ng ding bd dudng, ngtla ung thu nhu c6c loii ndm kh6c Ddng fdo midn nrii lrru f ln kh6ng n6n thu hr{i ndm mgc drr6i g6'c cdy mAy, song rirng NAu nrjdnc Nri'm hr.tong hay Ndm huong chdn ddi, Nri'm tl6ng c0 - Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer lLentinula edodes (Berk.) Perglerl thuQc ho Ndm trdng Triclrclomatoreae M6 ti: Ndm c6 chdn hinh tru dinh tr0n th6n ciy chri, m0 ndm trbn, tr€n khum, mdu ndu vdng, m{t dudi phing, c6 nhidu brin m6ng tba ri til ch6n ndm t6i m6p m0 Phfln bd vi sinh thrii: Nim mgc t{ nhi6n trOn mOt sd ciy 96 mgc rifng dm rrdt, c6 tlQ.dm cao, nhiQt d0 thdp vd c6 6nh sring khudch t6n cria rr}rg 193 G{p nhi6u cdc rirng d Ldo Cai, Tuy€n Quang, Hba Binh, Thdi Nguy0n, Cao BXng , tr€n nhfrhg cdy 96 nhu d6 dd, d6 tl6, sdi bQp, re d6, mdu ch6, du6i ch6, nhung tl{c biQt trOn gd cfia c6c loii COm nhu c6y COm tdng, thi nam phdt tridn tdt va c6 mr)i thom d{c biQt, tluoc ua chuQng Ndm huong hon Ngoli viQc thu hdi ndm moc tu nhi6n, nhAn ddn nhidu ttia Dang chung phrrong cdn c6 tfp qudn tr6ng ndm hrrong tr6n nhitng loli ciy c6 s6n rilng, vdo mta vu thich hgp vi mOi trrrdng sinh th6i phi hop v6i sg sinh trudng vi ph6t tridn cria ndm vdi nhirng kf thu{t gAy tr6ng ri6ng Chd bidn lim th{c phdm: Ndm hrrong thu h6i vd c6 thd ding nudng chin dd 6n Nhung phd bidn nhdt li dem phoi khO ndm ngodi ndng ho{c say khO (ndu thdi tidt khOng thudn lgi) nhtrng ndm sdy thddng hay bi thdi Nam huong lA mQt loai rau kh6 gia vi cao cdp, vila li m6n 6n ngorr bd duoc moi ngudi ua thich Trong 1009 N6m hrlong, c6 0,9g protid; 3g gluci I vi cdc nguyOn td: calcium 28mg; phosphor 45mg; sdt 0,8mg vd c6c vitamin nhu caroten 0,32mg; vitamin B1 0,04mg; 82 0,06mg; PP 0,Smg vA cdc vitamin C 8mg Luong ndm niy cung cdp cho co thd 16 calo Gdn tl6y, Trung tdm dinh dtrOng thinh phd Hd Chi Minh cho bidt thinh phdn dinh dudng cfia ndm d6ng c6 tinh theo g!o: protein 86, lipid 4,0, glucid 23,5, cellulose 17,0 vd theo mglo: calcium 184, phosphor 606, sdt 35 vitamin Br 0,16 vi Srt d$ng lirm thudc: Ndm huong cflng duoc sfi dung ldm thudc N6 c6 vi ngot, tinh binh, kh6ng tlQc, dtng dn thi m6t cho lgc manh l6n, kh6ng rt6i vd c6 t6c dung chfra bQnh chdy mdu, clai tiQn m6u d frung Qudc, ndm huong ding lim thudc lf h6a ddm, ich vg, girip ti6u h6a, khdng ung thtr, gi6m huyOt rip; dtroc ding trf tidu tiQn kh6ng chiu ndi, thiry th0ng, 6n ndm tning dQc, ddu dau chodng vdng, da ddy vi ruQt kh0ng hoat d0ng binh thudng, ung thtl vi xo gan cd trudng tg4 N.{rvr rvrdr Ndm moi - Terntitotnyces eurltizus (Berk.) Heim lCollybia albuminosa (Berk.) Petchl thu0c ho Ndm tdn - Amanitaceae k6 tdc Cia xdp viro ho Ndm trdng Tricltolomataceae) {t'rl.\ M6 t6: MO ndm cdn non hinh chiy hoi gd d drrdi, trudng thinh c6 dang n6n, d4ng bdn cdu dep ldi dinh M{t m0 mdu nAu tdi, nAu, hoi vdng, kich thudc m0 3-20cm Khi dm, mdt mfr hoi dinh sau trd nOn kh6, tl6i c6 nhilng dudng hen ph6ng xa Phidn qdm rQng 4-13mm, ban dAu miu trdng sau chuydn sang mdu ving hay hdng nh4t Cu6hg n6u rdt dii, gdn phdn tr6n ddt mdu trdng xii.m, c6 phinh dang T-,, f/ N6'm moi Dqng chung ci vi phdn dudi ddt nh6 hon, k6o dni tdi 30cm hay hon, rQng 4-8mm Phin bd vi sinh th:ii: Ndm moc tr€n tldt rirng, tl6i gd ven rihg, thudng c6 liOn he vd'i caic td mdi, thdnh tirng d6m Thd sdi cfia ndm moc cric td mdi, ch6ng dtrng c6c chdt hfrtr co sdn phdm cfra mdi, 96 vqn mdi tha vd, chdt gdn mdi tha Ndm m6'i thudng moc thdnh titng ddm ldn vio mr)a mda nhidu noi tir Lai Chdu, Ldo Cai, Y6n Brii, Tuy6n Quang vio NghQ An, Hd TInh, Qudng Binh, Ldm D6ng, Khdnh Hba, Ninh Thu4n, Binh Thu4n deh Tay Ninh Rr)a thddng tim ddn c6c td moi tld an moi n6n ngUdi ta thtrdng Lin theo chin rira tld tim ndm m6'i Vio ndm 1963 b0 dQi ta d chidn trrrdng nhd ddng bdo TAy Nguy6n chi dAn cho bidt vio kho6ng thring 3, sdng s6m rrlng, thdy ddu chin ria bd vd htrdng ndo thi d d6 c6 ndm m6'i Nhd v{y ci ddu mQt tidu dodn bQ dQi de c6 ndm moi tld 5n li6n tuc mOt thdng, g6p phan gi6i quydt kh6 khrn thieu luong thuc, thuc phdm 195 l Chd bidn lim th{c phdm: Ngudi ta dtng thd qui cfia ndm Cht cdn b6 phdn tldt d t6n cudng, ndm to thi ch6 nh6, rfia sach, cho vio nddc ndu canh dn nhrr c6c lodri ndm c6 ich khdc Sfi dqng lim thudc: Dd tir l6u, Trung Qudc, ngtrdi ta de biCt gi6 tri cta ndm niy, v6i tOn KO tung, thudng 6n sE girip tiOu h6a, ki€n tI t, g6y phdn, l4i cdn c6 hiQu qui trf l& tri Ndrvr nrUc Cd nhi6u loti Ndm muc duoc dtng dn lfc qu6 thd c0a ndm cDn non Loii thudng CAp la Ndm muc Coprinus atrannen.tariu,s (Bull ex Fr.) Fr., thuQc hg N6'm mqc - Coprinoceae M6 ti: Ndm'muc c6 thd qui hinh trrrng nhut dAu, sau vdon l6n thinh hinh n6n, m[ ndm lric ddu hinh trdi xoan c6 drrdng kinh 4-10crn, sau hep lai dang chu6ng c6 ddu miu x6m ving, l0'p l6nh, c6 bdt mAu tldt son nhtrng sdm bidn mdt M6p mfr cong l€n nhrr m6i chira PhiSn ndm ddu ti6n miu trdng, sau chuydn sang n6u nhqt, cudi cirng c6 miu den vi tan thinh nudc nhu muc den Phtn bd vi sinh thdi: Ndm Ndm mgc thudng moc thlnh d6m nhiCu cd Dqng chung thd sit.nhau trOn d6t nhidu mtn hay trCn rdm mric, tr6n ddt quanh hhi vio c6c th6ng 4-6, phd bidn khdp c6c tlnh tt Lai Chiu, Lio Cai, Lqng Son, Th6i NguyOn, He NQi, Ninh Binh vio tdi Ldm Ddng, KhdnhHda, Ninh Thu4n, Binh Thu6n vi Tdy Ninh Chd bidn lim thrfc phdm: Ndm cbn non dtng ndu canh en nhd mQt loai rau Nhfig 6n ndm niy md udng rrrgu thi dE bi ngQ tlQc, bidu hiQn Mi da m{t bi sung huydt vd tay chin bi gi6lanh 196 $fi drfns lim thudc: L)'.Thdi Trdn (1518-1593) Trung Quoc dd xdp nhidu loii ndm ddt vio ciic lo+i rau Hii Thrrong L6n ong ttp shi nh4n nhrr sau: "Thd khudn tqc ggi li ndm tlat Vi nggt, hdn, c6 chdt dQc Chuy6n chfla dinh sang, thtng dQc, ban' Linh, dQc tty theo chb n6 moc." Ngiy nay, troug €ttng y, ngudi ta ctng dirng thd qu6 non cria ndm mqtc N6 c6 vi ngot, tinh hin, c6 dQc Duo.c dirng 6n c6 tric dung ich trudng vi, lf h6a dnm, girii doc, ti6u thflng drrgc ding trf v0 danh thfrng doc, srfng dau, vi mgn l& tri Ndrvr ncl*r Ndm rom, Ndm - Voluariella uoluacea (Bull ex Fr.) Singer, thuQc ho Ndm rdm - Plutetrceae M6 ti: Todn bQ ndm cdn non nim bao chung hinh trfng Sau d6 mfr ndm phri vd bao chung, lQ ngoii- Mfr ndm ban ddu c6 hinh trrlng, 'sau vudn ra, c6 dang n(m ho{c dqng bdn cdu'dgp, mriu ndu, nAu den ho{c xim Thit ndm miru tring, cudng ndm nhin, c6 gdc hoi phinh d4ng cri, d4c, ch6't thit, gdc cdn lai vdt tich cfra bao chung Phan bd vi sinh thrii: Ndm rdm mgc don dQc hay thinh'.cgm, thddng phdt tri6n trOn rom r4 ho{c ddt c6 nhidu viro mia hd thu n6ng dm vdi nhiQt d9 28-450C, nhidu nhn't li vAo th6ng 7-8 Til nhidu nim t97 N6'm rom Dong cltung d cec ving d6ng bhng tir Bdc chi Nam, ndm rom d6 tluoc trdng r6ng cung cd'p cho nhu cdu nudc rii chd bidn lim thrfc phdm: Ndm rom 6n ngon Ngudi ta thich tim mua loai ndm cdn boc thr/dng goi ll n6m trrrng Thit ndm dai vd thom Ndm rom ld th(c in rdt thong thudng d cric tinh phia Nam Thudng dtng xdo vdi thft ldn, thit bd, ndu canh, ndu ldu, kho vdi thit lon, hdm vJi thit gd, kho chay, nrrdng vdi luon Ngudi ta tla bidt thinh phan cria nrim rom ttroi tinh theo g7o: rut6c g0, protid 3,6, lipid 3,2, glucid 8,4 vi cellulose 1,1 vir theo mgflo: calcium 2g, phosphor 80, sdt 1.,2, vitamin Bl 0,12 vd vitamin C 2,0 Sfl dgng lim thudc: Nh6n d6n ding nam chd thdnh bOt lim thuoc vi0n chfra chrlng thidu mdu cdn ding xio vdi thit chim s6 ho{c thit dch ding tn c6 t6c dung kich dgc, r6't thich hop doi v6i ngrrdi liQt drrong d T.rtrg Qudc, ndm rom xem nhrr c6 vi ngot, tinh hin drroc ding ldm thudc tiOu thuc khi, nhi6t, ldm h4 cholesterol vi khdng ung thrr NAM SO Ndm sd, Nri'm sd tim, N6'm bio ngu, Nim hrrong chdn ngdn - pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq ex Fr.) Qu6l., thu6c ho Nrfm sd - Pleurotoceae (nay c6 t6c gi6 xdp vio ho Ndm dai - Lentinoceae) , t'r ryi: d'i i[*"ffi, t t"?' 't' j ' lr I '\ - M6 tl: M0 ndm hic rtrdu l6i lOn, rdi l6m nhidu hay it, m6t mfr nhln b6ng, m6p m[ cudn vdo trong, sau vuon l6n M0 c6 mAu xdm - ndu sim tdi n6u nhat Thit ndm ddy, miu trdng Cuong ndm ngdn, moc tirng crii mQt, c6 moc sit gdn nhu chung mQt gdc; cuO'ng c6 l6ng hay kh0ng, mdu nhat hon mfr, dOi trdng x6m (nhu khia crla v6 sd) Nd'm sb Dang cluutg 198 Ph6n bd vi sinh thrii: Nam sb thddng mgc xdp ldp nhrr ng6i lop ch6ng l6n tr6n th6n cAy 96 Thudng g{p vdo mia xu6n, hd, thu d ritng hay ven rilng Hi6n nay, ndm sd dugc gdy trdng nhi6u lim thtrc phdm ChG- bidn lim thrtc phdm: Ngudi ta de bi6l Ndm sb tr.roi chtla theo g!o: nudc 90,4, protid 4, glucid 3,4 vd theo mgVo: vit"amin PP 3,3, vitamin C Nam sb cfrng dirng nhtt nr{m rdm, c6 thd an xdo, ndu canh v}r hAm vdi xudng, thit dQng v0t Ndm c6 mii thom hanh nhdn, 6n ngon n€n ilrrgc rra chuQng lim thudc: Ndm sd dirng dn vi c0ng dr.to.c s(I dung lim thudc nam thOm nrldc thdnh dang thu6'c ddp vdo loi rdng tidt nrr6c bot nhi6u vd vi6m miQng; cdn dtng ldm thu6'c udng tri ly vd ia chdy, lhm ngung xudt huydt Srff dUng d An OO, n$rrdi ta gi6 d T.rng QuO'c, ndm sd drroc xem nhu c6,vi ngot , tinh dm, c6 t6c dung thrr c6n hoat lac, truy phong trin hin, huy6t 6p, hq cholesterol vi kh6ng u budu Thudng dugc ding tri lrrng tliri lanh dau vi tay chAn ydu m6i NGHE Nghd - Polygonwn tontentosum Willd., thuQc ho Rau r5m Polygonaceae M6 tri: CAy th6o song dai, phfi ddy l6ng td dey dtrc Than to, drldng kinh tdi 1,5cm L6, c6 cu6'ng ngdn; phidn Li tldy l6ng trdng trdng, be chia phri itdy lOng, c6 soc doc Hoa t4p hgp thinh bOng d nggn, tlon hay 16 tlOi, mang nhidu hoa mhu trdng Qu6 be, hinh l6ng kinh, ldi hai mdt vi sinh thdi: Nghd ruQng nddc, bd rach thutdng lim thdnh bd ndi chung v6i rau PhAn bd moc mu6hg, g4p nhidu 199
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