Bài viết giới thiệu về các nghiên cứu khoa học xã hội quốc tế trong lĩnh vực HIV/AIDS và đặc biệt là những kết quả đạt được trong 4 năm thực hiện ở Việt Nam. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo để nắm bắt nội dung chi tiết.
Nghien ciru Gia dinh vi Gidi So -2012 Nghien ciifu itlioa lipc xa liol ve HIV/AIDS hop Mc STAR: Mgt sd Itet qua budic dau Le Minh Giang BO m6n Dich l£ hpc, Dai hoc Y Ha Nfli Nguyen Hi/u Minh Vi6n Gia dinh va Gifli Nguyin Thiiy Anh, Amy Dao B6 m6n Dich le hoc, Dai hoc Y Ha N6i Trong hon ba thap ky cua dai dich HIV/AIDS, bfin canh cac nghifin ciJu y sinh hgc vd djch tfi hgc vl HIV/AIDS, cac nghifin cihi khoa hge hdnh vi va khoa hgc xa hdi cd nhilu ddng gdp ddng kl ndng cao kha nang iing phd cd'p dd todn edu Cdc nghifin cihi khoa hge xa hdi qudc tfi'trong ITnh vtrc HIV nhdn manh tam quan cua edch md cac cd nhSn nhin nhdn cac mdi quan he, ban dang va ihirc hanh cua hg vific quy djnh cac hanh vi nguy co lay nhifim HIV (Carrier, J.M and Magana, J.R., 1991; Vance, C , 1991) Cdc nhd khoa hgc xa hdi da nhd'n manh tdm quan trgng eua bd'i canh dd cac dilu kifin xa hgi anh hudng, tham chf Id quyfi'l djnh cac hdnh vi nguy CO ctia mgt ca nhan Hg nhdn manh vai trd cua cdc ye^u td xd hgi nhu su phat trien kinh te' va phdn tdng xa hdi, su bd't binh dang gidi dd'i vdi nhirng khac biet vl nguy co (Farmer, R, et al (eds.), 1996; Sobo, E.J , 1995; Sterk, C.E., 1999) Cdc nha khoa hgc xa hgi la nhimg ngudi da tifi'n hdnh nhihig nghifin cihj tifin phong vl cae can thiep d cap hfi thdng ddi vdi cac hdnh vi lifin quan den tinh due va tifim ehi'ch (Parker, R.G., et al., 2000; Blankenship, K.M., et al., 2006) cung nhu dua cdc phfi phan dl 60 Nghign ciJru Gia dinh vA Gidi Quyd'n 22, so 6, tr 59-63 c;ii ihifin cdc chuong trinh cham sde vd chOa trj HIV (Parker, R and Aggleton, R, 2003; Maluwa, M., cl al., 2002; Link, B.O and Phelan, J C 2006), xem xei each lifiu phdp khdng vi rut (ART) Idm thay ddi quan nifim vl IIIV/AIDS (Castro A F.R, 2004) vd ghi nhan vai trd cua eae phong trao xa hdi tao ihuan loi cho vific tifi'p can phd cap ART (Bcrkman A,, et al., 2005) \lg cung nfiu bdt nhffng han chl cua cdc nghifin cffu d cdp dd ca nhan (Blankenship, K,M cl al 2006) vi\ nhdn manh mdi liln hfi gifla hdnh trinh ehua benh vd ddp ffng cua dieh vu y ic (Berkman, A el al 2003; Biehl, J., 2006; Kalofono.s 1., 2006) Cac nha khoa hgc xa hdi da nghifin ciiu cdc ihl chfi vd chi'nh sach quan trgng cho \'ific hinh thdnh dac difi'm mdi iruimg sd'ng hdng ngdy ciia ngudi nhifim hoac c6 nguy co lay nhifim (Nguyen, V.-K., 2006; liaycr R and Oppcnheimer C, M 2000; Biehl, J., 2005; Oppenhcmicr G and Bj>cr R 2007; Pigg, S.L 1997) Nghifin cffu gdn day v& cdc can Ihifip edu true da md dudng dc eae nhd khoa hgc xa hdi cd the' ddng gdp mdt edch ti'ch cue htm eho vice phdt trifi'n cdc can thifip giup cai thifin dicii in phdng chd'ng va cham s(x ngudi cd HIV/AIDS Tuy nhien ndng life demg gdp vdo qud trinh xdy diOig chinh sdch cita cdc nhd khoa hgc xd hdi d khdp luri lien the gidi tren ihtfc tela khdng ddng deu (Carrier J.M and Majjana J.R 1991) O Vifit Nam cdc nghifin cffu vl HIN' khdng ngffng lang Ifin bd'i canh d6i mdi eae chi'nh sdch phdng chd'ng HIV/AIDS va ede ehinh sach lifin quan Bdng chfftig la cac nghifin cffu nhdn dugc sir quan tam vd tai u-g cua nhilu ca quan dd cd cac Id chffe phi chinh phii qudc le Tu\ nhifin, mdt dac difi'm ndi bat Id phdn Idn ede ngudn lai trg eho nghifin cffu HIV/AIDS d Vifit Nam den iff ede nhd lai trg mang dinh hudng chucmg trinh thay vi nhihig co quan mang djnh hudng nghifin cuu Rdt nhilu cdc nghifin cffu HIV d Vifit Nam quan tam dfi'n ede phan tich dae dilm vl hdnh vi, vd xem xui tdc ddng ctia HIV d cd'p dd cd nhan Phdn Idn eac cdng trinh nghifin ciru dugc ihuc hifin trfin cdc qudn the' "nguy ca cao" bao gdm ngudi tifim ehi'ch ma tu^, nhdm mai ddm nu vd gdn ddy hon la nhdm nam gidi cd quan hfi linh due ddng gidi Cae nghifin effu chu yfi'u xem xlt cae yfi'u id quyfi't ilinh hdnh \ i cd thi ddn dfin Idy nhifim HIV luy nhifin ehua quan tam ddy du dfi'n cau hdi vl ede yfi'u id' mang li'nh xa hdi cd anh hudng dfi'n thuc hdnh ffng phd cung nhu su phdt triln cua dich d Vifit Nam Trong hem nam qua vdi tdi irg ciia Td chffe Cdc Vifin Sffc khoe Qud'c gia Hoa Ky (NIH), Trudng Dai hgc Columbia, Hoa Ky da trifi'n khai chuong trinh "Tifi'p can khoa hgc xd hdi nghiln euu HIV/AIDS" (vifi't tdt la STAR) hgp tac vdi Dai hge Y Ha Ndi va mdt sd' co quan nghifin cffu va t6 chffe phi chi'nh phii Vifit Nam nham nang cao nang luc nghifin cuxi Le Minh G i a n g va cfic t a c gia 61 khoa hgc xa hdi vl HIV/AIDS Cdc boat ddng ciia chucmg trinh bao gdm boat ddng nghifin cthi dp dung phuong phap nghifin cffu khoa hgc xa hdi, dao tao nghifin cffu vien td chffe cdc hdi thao vc khoa hgc xa hdi nghifin cffu HIV/AIDS vd hd trg ky thudt cho irung bay "Ndi Dau va Hy Vong: 20 nam HIV/AIDS d Vifit Nam" Trung tam Nghifin cuu vd Phat trifi'n Sffc khoe Cdng ddng (CCRD) va Bao Tdng Ddn tdc hge Vifit Nam (VME) td chffe vao thang 11/2010 Cdc bdi bao dang s6 tap chi la san phdm cita chuong trinh ddo tao cho nghifin cffu vifin giai doan II Chuong trinh cung cdp mdt sd IKMI tang ly thuyet lifin quan dfi'n nhan hgc y tfi', khoa hoc chinh tri, cdc khia canh lich su vd dao dffc ciia y tfi' cdng cfing va nhd'n manh vdo vific chuyfi'n nhimg nghifin cffu dua trfin nin tang ly thuyfi't trd nhffng ndi dung cd y nghTa ddng gdp ve chinh sdch Ben canh muc lifiu cung cd'p kifi'n thffc, cac khda hge hudng dfi'n vific cung cdp ky nang ca ban \'icc phan lich cae du lifiu dinh ti'nh va vifi't bdi nghifin cffu dinh linh Dae bifit, cdc khda hoc hudng dfi'n muc tifiu xay dung tu phan bifin eua nghifin cffu vifin thdng qua vific phan tich mang tinh phfi phan dd'i vdi cac phat hifin va phucmg phap, ddnh gid ve tinh chat che, mdi me vd idm quan trgng cua nghifin ciru ITnh vuc HIV/AIDS Chuong trinh ddo tao cung quan tam dfi'n vific xay dung eho ede nghifin cffu vifin nhihig hifi'u bifi't co ban vfi dao dffc nghifin cffu, dac bifit tifi'n hanh nghien cffu trfin ddi tugng nguy co cao Dac difi'm n6i bat ciia chuong uinh dao tao la djnh hudng nghien effu tan dung cac sd lieu da sdn cd, ngi dung ddo tao va tai lieu tham khao dugc lua chgn ky ludng dl phu hgp vdi ddi tugng hgc vien ndi dung bao gom ca ly thuyfi't va phucmg phap, va nhan manh edch tifi'p can khoa hgc xd hdi lifin nganh nghifin cihi HIV/AIDS Chuong trinh ddo tao da lua chon 15 hgc vifin tdng sd hon 80 ffng vien Day la nhirng nghifin effu vien tiem nang trfin ITnh vuc nghifin cih: khoa hge xa hdi, y tfi'cdng egng hoac dang true tifi'p tham gia cae du dn can Ihifip tren ITnh vuc phdng chd'ng HIV/AIDS Cac hgc vifin dd tham du ba khda tap hudn nam 2012 Idn lugt vl Iy ihuyfi't vd phuong phap khoa hgc xa hgi nghifin cffu HIV/AIDS, ky nang phan tieh cac sd lieu sdn cd ciia dir an vd ky nang vifit bai bdo nghien cffu dinh ii'nh.Cae hoc vifin tifi'p can vdi bd sd lifiu cdc nghifin cihi vifin dao tao giai doan I thu thdp vl eac chii de nhu nguy co Idy nhifim HIV/STIs tren nhdm nam ban dam ddng gidi, tac ddng ciia chuyfi'n ddi chi'nh sach phdng, chd'ng ma tdy vd hdu qua HIV/AIDS, va mong udc vd khai vgng sd'ng eiia nam gidi d mdt vung ndng thdn vd nguy ca lay nhifim HIV Mgt sd hgc vifin quye't dinh sir dung sd lifiu eiia eo quan minh cd lifin quan dfi'n chu dl ciia 62 NghiSn cffu Gia dinh vd Gidi QuyS'n 22, so 6, tr 59-63 khoa hgc Trong giai doan phdn tich vd vifi't bdi cac hgc vifin nhdn dugc sir hudng ddn true li^p cua cdc chuyfin gia Vifit Nam gidu kinh nghifim nghifin cffu vii gjdrig day Chuong trinh hgp tdc " lifi'p cdn khoa hgc xa hdi nghifin cffu HIV/AIDS" (STAR) xin chdn ihdnh cam on su ddng gdp cua cac giang viCti Vifii Nam vd chuyfin gia nudc ngodi, n6 liic cd nhan vd tap ihl ciia cdc nghifin cffu vifin sudt thdi gian vffa qua D.IL bifit chung tdi gui Idi cam a\^ dfin C(T quaii Idi trg NIH vd Tap chi Nghifin cffu Gia dinh va Gidi da giiip 6d chiing tdi hodn Ihdnh chuyfin muc vC nhirng dimg gdp bude ddu ciia klioa hgc xa hdi ITnh vuc HIV/AIDS d Vifit Nam iX' cd the' iiOp luc phai trifi'n hon vai trd ciia khoa hoc xa hdi phdng chd'ng I IIV/AIDS (I Vifit Nain chung tdi mong titfp luc nhan dugc suquan tdm, hd trg cua cac nghifin cffu \ ifin cdc nhd ldp ehinh sdch vd cdc can bd chucmg Irinh ITnh vuc HIV/AIDS vd tdc ITnh vue lifin quan • Tai lieu tham khau Bayer R and Oppcnheimer CM 2000 Aids dncion voices from the epidemic New Wnk Oxford University Pa-s- Berkman A Garcia J Munoz-Laboy M Patva V and Parker R 2005 -A critical analysis of ihe Brazilian response to HIV/\!DS: Lessons learned for controlling and mitigating the epidemic in din-clopini! countries" American Jomiud of Public Health 95 1162-1172 Biehl J 2005 Vita: Life in a Zone of Stn nil Abandonment Bcrkclex I'nivereiiy of California Piess Blankenship K,M Friedman, S.R Dworkin S and Mantell J.E 2006 ••Structural intencnlions: Concepts, challenges ind opponunilies for research" Journal ,f Urban lleuhh-BuUelin of the Sew Yoik Aiademv of Medicine 83 1.59-72 Carrier J.M and M.ig.ma J.R 1991 "Use of Ethnosexual Data on Men of Mexican Origin for liiv \ids Prevention Programs" Journal of Sex Research.IZ.2 189-202 Castro A F.R 2004 "Adherence and cost of ireaiment: The need for a biosocial approach in the 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Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge Cross Cultural Perspectives Berkeley University of California Press Sobo E.J 1995 Choosing unsafe sex: AIDS-risk denial among women Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press disadvantaged Sterk C E 1999 Fast lives: women who use crack cocaine Philadelphia Pa., Temple University Vance, C 1991 "Anthropology Rediscovers Sexuality: A Theoretical Comment", Social Science (5 Medicine, 33 8, 875-84 ... Nam Trong hem nam qua vdi tdi irg ciia Td chffe Cdc Vifin Sffc khoe Qud'c gia Hoa Ky (NIH), Trudng Dai hgc Columbia, Hoa Ky da trifi'n khai chuong trinh "Tifi'p can khoa hgc xd hdi nghiln euu HIV/AIDS" ... Minh G i a n g va cfic t a c gia 61 khoa hgc xa hdi vl HIV/AIDS Cdc boat ddng ciia chucmg trinh bao gdm boat ddng nghifin cthi dp dung phuong phap nghifin cffu khoa hgc xa hdi, dao tao nghifin cffu... tao nghifin cffu vien td chffe cdc hdi thao vc khoa hgc xa hdi nghifin cffu HIV/AIDS vd hd trg ky thudt cho irung bay "Ndi Dau va Hy Vong: 20 nam HIV/AIDS d Vifit Nam" Trung tam Nghifin cuu vd