Bài viết dựa trên những tư liệu chính sử, kết hợp với các nguồn tư liệu khảo sát thực địa, đặc biệt là những tư liệu ở làng Đồng Bụt và khu vực phụ cận, góp thêm tư liệu về cuộc đời thiền sư Từ Đạo Hạnh.
V E N O I S I N H C U A T H I E N S U TUT D A O H A N H D D A N H HUXN* C u n g vdi Thien su" Minh Khong (the he thd dong Vo Ngdn Thong) (1) va su Giac Hai (the he thd 10 dong Vo Ngon thong), Thien stf Td Dao Hanh (? 1117) (2) la mot nhdng vi cao tang the he thd 12 cua Thien phai Ty N i Da Ltfu Chi, cung la thien stf dtfdc biet deh kha nhieu lich sd Phat giao trieu Ly Thien stf Td Dao Hanh dtfdc cac sach chep la mot vi cao tang co nhieu phdp thuat, ttf lieu hien cho biet ttfdng doi day du ve than the va hanh trang cua ngai Td thud thieu thdi deh que quan, gia dinh, qua trinh tim dtfdng deh vdi chan tu, nhdng mau thuan vdi stf Dai Dien, hay chuyen Td Dao Hanh thac sinh lam trai Sung Hieh Hau V i du: "Xtfa, Dao Hanh ho Td, ten la Lo, cha ten la Vinh theo hoc dao Phat, lam chdc Dd sat ngach tang quan ddi Ly, thtfdng deh chdi lang An Lang, la'y ngtfdi gai ho Tang ten la Loan, dtfng nha d xdm Nam lang ay Nha d dtfdc kie'u dat quy sinh dtfdc Td Dad Hanh cd cd't tien phat, ldc cdn tre hay chdi bdi phdng tdng, nhtfng cd chi ldn, each cd dong i t ngtfdi ltfdng biet Dao Hanh thtfdng hay ke't ban vdi mdt nha nho ten la Phi Sinh, mdt dao si ten la Le Toan Nghia va mdt ngtfdi dan hat ten la Phan At, dem thi cham doc sach, thi danh cau, thdi sao, danh bac lam vui, thtfdng bi cha mdng la rdng rai * ThS Vien Sd hoc Mdt dem, cha len vao ddm budng, thay ben ngon den, sach vd la liet, Dao Hanh ngdi dtfa an ngu gat, tay van cam quyen sach Td day biet cham hoc, cha khdng lay lam lo Sau Dao Hanh thi khoa Bach Lien, thd nha't, nhtfng khdng chiu lam quan'' (3) Cac sach Bai Viet sit ky toan thii, Thien uyen tap anh ngu luc va Linh Nam chich qudi (4) deu cd ghi chep ve hanh trang cua Thien stf Td Dao Hanh Song cd mdt van de ma sd sach xtfa va nhtfng cdng trinh nghien cdu da xua't b i n gan day chtfa de cap tdi, dd la noi Thien sU duqc sinh cu the d dau\ Hoae sd chep qua tap trung vao lang Yen Lang - ndi gan vdi qua trinh trtfdng thanh, mdi trtfdng gia dinh va hdn nda Yen Lang cung la ndi cd chda Lang (Chieu thien ttf) thd ngai sau da tu dac dao, cung nhtf chua Thay (Thien phdc ttf), ndi ngai tron kie'p tu va hda tren hang ndi (cd hang hda) Trong dd d thdn Ddng But (Bdt) hien v i n ltfu gid truyen thuyet va ttf lieu kha chi tiet ve viec Thien stf dtfdc sinh nhtf the' nao, cung nhtf he thd'ng di tich va tam thdc cua nhan dan ve vide thd phung ngai d day, dd la chua thdn Ddng But (Thieh stf ttf) - dan lang quen goi la chua Thuyen stf Trong bai viet nay, dtfa tren nhdng ttf lieu chinh sd, ke't hdp vdi cac ngudn ttf lieu khio sat thtfc cha, dac biet la nhdng ttf lieu Ve noi sinh ciia Thien su 53 lang Dong But va khu viic phu can, chiing Dao Hanh, ngiidi diidc liet vao hang cac vi toi muoh gop them t i i lieu ve cuoc ddi thien sii thudc phai Ty Ni Da Liiu Chi, Thien sii Td Dao Hanh song cung cd the liet dng vao hang ngu cac Neu co the ke mot diidng thang theo nha Mdt giao [ ] nhiing thay vi Ddc hiidng Tay - Nam, lay Thang Long - Ha Ndi Bdi la ke't hdp Phdt - Dao, thi d dng la ke't lam he quy chieu, ket ndi cac diem di tich hdp Thien - Mdt - Dao" (7) tai mot so" lang, chdng ta se hinh Ve mdi quan he gida chua Lang va chda nen mot khong gian sinh hoat van hoa phdt Thiy, ngiidi xiia cd cau ca ring: giao vdi he tho'ng chda, cac sinh hoat le hoi "Nhd ngdy miing thdng va nhdng truyen thuyet lich sd gan vdi Trd vdo hdi Lang, trd hdi Thdy'' cudc ddi Thien sii Td Dao Hanh Diidng Cau ca tren cang khang dinh them md'i thang] do, lay diem md dau la chda Lang (nayHnudc phiidng Lang Thiidng qudn lien he va n h i n manh den diidng thang Ddng Da Ha Ndi), di ngoai khu viic khdng gian sinh hoat van hda Phdt gido Thang Long ke't ndi vdi cac chua nhu": Chua gan vdi Thien sU Tii Dao Hanh nhu" chdng Tong (xa La Phu huyen Hoai Ddc Ha tdi vda neu Lang Ddng But xiia thudc xa Phuc Lap, Ndi), chua Ca Trung Hung tU (thdn La Phd xa La Phu huyen Hoai Ddc), chda tdng Lap Thiidng, huyen An (Yen) Sdn, phu Thien Vu (thdn La Diidng - xa Diidng Ndi - Quo'c Oai, tra'n Sdn Tay (8), lang huyen Hoai Ddc), chua Ngai Cau (thdn thudc xa Ngoc Liep, huyen Qudc Oai Lang Ngai Cau huyen Hoai Ddc) (5), chua Thay cd ten Ndm la Ddng But, ve ten goi Ddng (Thay) (xa Sai Sdn huyen Qudc Oai Ha Phdt (Han) Ddng But (Ndm), theo chdng Ndi) va diem cudi cung cua diidng thing la tdi nd mang dam d i u i n Phit giio, y nghia chua Ddng But Thien Su tU (thdn Ddng n i y tim ten l i n g Viet cd truyen r i t it But - xa Ngoc Liep huyen Quo'c Oai Ha gap Xet theo quy luat bien i m cua ngdn Ndi) Nhii vay, ve cd b i n cac ngdi chda neu ngd, cd nhieu dang thdc khac nhau, nhiing tren cd the hinh nen ba khu viic ro dd cd cich bien i m td i m B sang i m ret Net dac triing cua cic ngdi chua la Ph (B Ph) (9) v i ngiidc lai, vi nhii l i n g cd md hinh thd t i i kieu tien phdt, hdu Philng Xd (Hin) l i n g Bung (Ndm) thdnh (6) So vdi cac chua khac d chau thd hay lang Phu Xd (Hin) l i n g Bua Bac Bd, ddc biet la ben hdu ngan sdng (Ndm), day cung la mdt nhdng dang Hdng, sd' liidng cac chua thd tii kieu rd't thdc hinh va bien ddi cua ten lang it, ngoai trd he thd'ng tiidng phdt diidc bai Viet Trddng hdp ten l i n g Ddng But, sd tri nghiem trang khdng gian chda, bien am doc chech t d Phdt sang But hay thi cdn cd cac vi diidc thd vdi lai lich ngddc lai la sd bien i m hoan toan nhdng cudc ddi khdng chi thuan nhud'm mau nghia khdng ddi, bing cich gid nguyen td Phdt giao ma cdn pha mdt chdt cua Thien, td dau (Ddng) va thay ddi td td' thd hai cua Mdt va Dao giao (phu chd va phdp (Phit-But), nghia cua td v i n dddc thuat) Nha nghien cdu Nguyen Qudc Tuan bio Idu Nhd vay, nhan dan ndi day da rat so sanh Thien sii Td Dao Hanh vdi Ddc kheo ldo dat ten cho ling, cd le Bdi thd d chua Boi Khe (Dai bi td), t i m thdc ngddi d i n thdn Ddng But, Thien huyen Thanh Oai, Ha Noi da viet: "thdi Ly sd Td Dao Hanh da ghi d i u an s i u d i m da cd mot nhan vdt rd't quen thudc la Td lich sd khai hddng l i p lang - hdn the' Rghien cuu Lich sir s6 3.2011 54 la Cdnh Tri that nien diidi trieu vua Le Huyen Tdng nam thd (1669), van bia khac ghi ten cua mot so vi hiing cdng tieh va rudng vao chua qua trinh xay Ngay nay, tai lang Ddng But nhan dan diing va tu sda Mac dd dau tich kien trdc van cdn liiu truyen cau chuyen ve ndi va di vat khdng cdn, nhtfng qua mot ngudn ttf lieu khac rat dang tin va cho phep gdi Thien stf Td Dao Hanh da sinh Cach md rang: chiia dUdc xdy dtfng tit thdi Trdn lang Ddng But khong xa, khoang 500m ve Vi can cd vao ndi dung minh chudng khac phia Tay Nam, co mdt khu dat cao goi la diidi trieu vua Gia Long nam thd 18 (1820), Viidn Nd (11), tiidng truyen day la ndi Ddc (day la qua chudng due lai) cho biet: stf tich Td Dao Hanh diidc sinh ra, truyen d lang Ddng But, huyen Yen Sdn, phu Quo'c ke rang: Mot dem nam ngu, ba Tang Thi Oai cho hay Td phu (tdc Td Vinh, Loan mong thay mot chdm hoa sen moc cha cua Td Dao Hanh TG), sinh Td Dai d ben tay trai, rdi td thu thai, Tang thi Thanh (tdc Td Dao Hanh - TG) vu ban thdn mong thay sii la thudng ben di tim ndi linh (d thdn), cd dien thd ltfu dd, chia deu dja de sinh, Tang thi di tdi khu Viidn Nd cho bdh giap lam rudng hiidng hda gid thudc thdn Ngoc Phdc, trdng thay chd dat chap, viec thd ttf cd td thdi Tran Dai hay, sdn thuy hdu tinh, long tdng quy an, Tri nam thd 12 (1369) va da dtfdc khac vao nen lien sinh Ddc Td Dao Hanh d dd hdng chung Nhiing binh loan, chudng (12) Ngay nay, dan gian goi la Viidn Nd phai cat da'u xud'ng ao (triidc cda chda cd ao Xiia kia, tai Viidn Nd cd mot ngdi mieu nhd Sen), mang len danh khdng keu, ben phung thd Td Dao Hanh, mieu dtfdc xay due chudng khac, nen da ghi lai nguyen theo hinh chudi vd, nhiing vao cudi nhdng van le cu va danh tinh cua nhdng bac hiing nam 80 (the' ky XX) chinh quyeh dja cdng cdng ddc xay dtfng chda (13) Cung vdi phiidng xay tram xa xa, ngdi mieu da bi chda Thay, chua Thien stf thdn Ddng But pha Den nam 2005, nhan thdc diidc gia la sd' it ngdi chda cd md hinh thd tieh phat tri cua nhu cau tam linh, dan lang da phuc hau d huyen Quo'c Oai, ngoai viec diing lai ngdi mieu thd phat d ben ngoai, hau cung vi Mieu thd ndi Ddc sinh khdng dtfdc thd la Ddc Td Dao Hanh cdn nda, nhiing mot ndi cdn liiu gid kha Tai gian gida cua chua cd bdc dai ttf ghi nhidu t i i lieu ve Thieh sii la chua lang ba chd t I Thdnh trung vtfdng va Ddng But ten chd la Thien Stf ttf [W W ddng lac khoan: mot ben ghi Hodng Bdo TF], chda diidc khdi diing tren mot khu da't Bai nhi nien ddi vua Bao Dai nam thd cao gida lang (thuoc xdm Trong, vi lang cdn (1927) va ben ghi: Bong van gidp (giap cd xdm Ngoai), hiidng quay ve phia Tay Ddng) bai tieh Vdi bdc dai ttf nay, theo Nam nhin thang khu Viidn Nd, chua diidc xay theo ldi kien true hinh chd cdng chung tdi y mud'n ndi Ddc Td Dao Diia tren ldi kien true va phong each nghe Hanh dau thai lam phu nhan Sdng thuat cua cac cau kien, cho phep chung tdi Hien Hau (14), vi ngtfdi Ddc doan djnh chua diidc xay diing diidi trieh cd mot phan cua vua va ngiidc lai hau Le, cdng vdi qua trinh xay diing, chua Tii ndi dung bdc hoanh phi ndi tren, chdng cdn cd bia Phdp sU tU bi, nien dai tao diing ta cang cd them cd sd de lien he tdi nhdng nda Til Dao Hanh cung la mot vi su tu hanh dac dao (10), nen ho da lay ten lang minh la Dong But (hay Ddng Phat) de ttfdng nhd deh Thien su" Ve noi sinh ciia Thien sir dong sd chep nhu sau: "Do la mdng thang nam Hoi Tudng Dai Khanh nam thd (1112), Dao Hanh td coi nat ban ve coi ddi thac sinh lam trai Sung Hien Hdu, khdng can nuoi ma chong ldn, khong can hoc ma thong sudt, ngddi dep va co tai Vua Ly Nhan Tong dem vao cung nuoi day, rdi lap lam hoang thai td Deh Nhan Tong mat, thai td len ndi ngoi tdc la vua Than Tong" (15), vdy, da trung viidng Dac biet hdn, trddc cda hau cung chua, phia ben phai cdn treo bdc hoanh phi ghi bdh chd S i l l (16) - tit cd ddn thdnh tam dich Thdnh sinh la nen tdng cua long tit bi, bdc hoanh phi khong co ddng lac khoan ghi bang chd Han (17) Xuat phat td viec Ddc TU Dao Hanh dUdc sinh tai ndi day va gdn lien vdi qua trinh hinh lang Ddng But, nen bdc dai tU y mud'n ndi ve Ngudi Trong tam thdc dan lang Ddng But cdn lUu truyen rang, Ddc Td Dao Hanh da day dan lang lam an, khai canh md rudng Ngay nay, khu ddng Mai trUdc cda chua truyen rang NgUdi cung nhan dan khai pha, ngUdi xUa goi la khu Da Mai vdi dien tich 72 mau Rudng d xd ddng Da Mai hay cdn goi la rudng Sach sU, theo dan lang ke lai rang, ruong dUdc chia deu cho bdh giap lang cay cdy va phuc vu triic tiep cho viec td chdc le hoi hang nam tai chua ThUc te cho thay, khu Da Mai khong chi la xd ddng Mai trUdc cda chda, ma d ven lang ve phia Tay - Bac cdn cd cac xd ddng khac nhu: xd ddng Md Bung, Md Chudm va Md Ngon, theo chung toi, gida md va mai la mot each doc chech am va cung nghia, vi nhu dia danh Hodng Mai (Ha Noi) doc Ke Md Trong sach Lich sit Viet Nam tap I, viet ve ruong dat dUdi trieu Ly co chep: "Van bia Phdt Tich 55 sdn Tit Dao Hanh phdp sit dien dia ke chi (Ke chf ghi rudng da't cua Phap sU Td Dao Hanh ndi Phdt Tich) ddt d chua Thay (tdc chua Phdt Tich, huyen Qudc Oai) ghi ro so' ruong da't cua TU cd hai bo phan la: 30 dien 64 de lUu truyen cdng phdt va 63 dien 83 d dong Da Mai, hUdng Ba Ldp (Ba Lap Phuc Lap va cd the la khu Da Mai cua thon Ddng But TG) la cua rieng Td Dao Hanh Sau Td chet, thi sd ruong tren bi chau cat chiem la'y, khong cho lUu thong" (18) Ngay nay, tai thon Liep Mai cdng xa, van cd ddng ho Td sinh sd'ng, vdi sd' nhan khau khoang chdng hdn 200 ngUdi Trong qua trinh khao sat, mac du khdng tim thay gia pha, nhUng chung toi cho rang, co the ho Td d day cd md'i quan he td xa xUa vdi phu cua NgUdi la Tang quan Dd sat Td Vinh va Ddc Td Dao Hanh hien dUdc thd d chua lang Ddng But chang? Hang nam, den mdng 10 thang Am lich, nhan dan lang Ddng But lai md hdi, te le, cac phe giap dUdc cat cd nhiem vu trdng coi dinh chua cho dan lang va lo cac cdng viec nhdng le hdi Ngay mdng trUdc dd, cd le muc due, nhdng ngudi tham gia le muc due phai dUdc liia chon can thdn, gia dinh khdng cd tang ma, cd nhan each dao ddc tdt lanh Deh tdi mdng 9, cd le rUdc bai vi cua Ddc thanh, rddc td hdu cung ngoai tien dddng cua chda, qua trinh td chdc le hdi cung da thu hut dUdc ddng dao nhan dan cac lang phu can deh tham gia, nhieu nghi thdc te' thanh, le phdt tdi hdm dd cung dddc dien Trddc day, vao nhdng lang md hdi chinh, thUdng cd te', rddc len Quan Thanh Quan Thanh la mdt di tich cd lien quan tdi Td Dao Hanh Td lang Ddng But, nhin theo hudng Tay - Bdc ve phia chua Thay, Quan 56 Hghien ciru Lich sit, so' 3.2Q11 Thanh each lang Dong But khong xa, khoang 1km diidng chim bay Truyen rang, Quan Thanh la ndi nghi chan cua Ddc Td Dao Hanh tren diidng di td lang Ddng But chua Thay Ndi day, xiia dan lang xay dQng trang nghien, xung quanh cd tiidng bao va cdt ddng tru uy nghi, cd hai day nha thd tii cdng te, thiidng goi la quan tren va quan diidi Quan tren la ndi thd chinh nen diidc xay theo loi kien true bdh mai Sau nam 1954, quan tren da bi gid lay nguyen vat lieu xay triidng hoc, chi cdn lai nha't den la quan diidi, nhiing di tich hien dang bi mai mot Td mot ngudn tu lieu chd Han nhan dan, chdng toi da phat hien diidc mot cuo'n sach (19), co ghi noi dung cac doi cau ddi viet tren cot ddng tru d Quan Thanh Dang chu y la tren mat tien cua cot ddng tru, co doi cau ddi noi dung noi ve viec thd va hanh tich cua Thien su Td Dao Hanh da tu d chda Sai Sdn (chua Thay), cau ddi viet: Sdi Sdn thdnh hda thien thu tai; Td thuy thdn cd van cd' truyen tam dich: Sai Sdn Id ndi thdnh hda ngdn nam vdn con; Sit tich tren ddng sdng Td Lich mdi truyen ve sau (20) Tai Quan Thanh, kieu diidc nidc td chda Thien Sii len, tai day dan lang dang te vat pham, sau cdng te xong lai nidc kieu td Quan Thanh ve chda, di theo sau la xe chieng xe trdhg, cd xi tung bay Nhdng nam gan day, viec te riidc len Quan Thanh khong cdn diidc thiic hien nda, mot phan vi Quan Thanh da bi hii hdng, mat khac cung mot thdi ky cac hoat dong van hoa tam hnh d dia phiidng khong diidc coi trong, do ma dan bi lang quen 1 Den sang mdng 10 Am lich, bai vi cua Thanh diidc riidc vao cung, sau dd dan lang bat dau td chdc te yen vi, van te cd nhac tdi viec Ddc sinh tai ndi day, van viet: Ddc thdnh Tit Dao Hanh can sinh Ddng But thdn Cung vdi van te, hien tai chua lang cdn liiu gid mdt cuo'n Sii tich chua Thien Sit, cd doan vie't: thdn tu luyen it Sai Sdn ddng [that] dan sinh Dong But chi hitdng Hdn the' nda, treng tam thdc ngiidi dan lang Ddng But va quanh vung deu cho rang Ddng But la ndi can sinh va thd Ddc Td Dae Hanh Td lau, nhan dan hai lang Ddng But va Sai Sdn da cd tuc ket giao vdi nhau, le hdi d Ddng But td chdc, cac cu ngoai Sai Sdn deu cd mot le nhd mang vao de dang len Ddc Do dd, dan gian van truyen lai cau ca: Miing hdi Thay, miing 10 hdi Sep nhd ngdy md di, hdi Sep y ndi hdi chua Thien Sd (21) Hien nay, cung chda Thien Sd van cdn tddng thd Ddc Td Dao Hanh dat kham d ben trai hau cung, dd la mot bdc tddng nhd, ngdi khoanh chan, tay dat len gd'i Cd y kien cho rang, vi Ddng But la ndi can sinh, nen tddng thd la tddng thdi nien thieu, so vdi Sai Sdn la ndi Ddc tu luyen chinh qua, dd ma tddng thd la dang vdc cua ngddi da tu dac dao trddng (22) Cung tai hau cung chua Thien Sd, phia ben p h i i cd ban thd than phu Tang quan Dd sat Td Vinh va than m i u Tang Thi Loan cua Ddc Td, dd cd ddi cau dd'i: Linh tich vinh thuy ciiu chi; Anh triidng bd viem giao - tam dich: Truyen xiia liiu tai ddt nay; Tieng lanh truyen mai vi sau Vdi ddi cau dd'i nay, p h i n nao cho thay da'u tich cua than phu va than mau da sinh Ddc Td Dao Hanh tren minh da't lang Ddng But, va hdn nda nhdng truyen xda dd da dddc liiu truyen va nhan dan mai nh&c tdi ve sau Trong van bia Hd phdp bi ky Idu tai chua, cd nien dai Minh Menh nguyen nien (1820), mat trddc cd ndi dung ndi ve dao Vg noi sinh cua Thien su phat, mat sau liet ke cac hiing cong hoi chu hiidng noi deh khach thap phiidng da thien tam gdi tien, ruong vao viec trung tu chua Trong vdn bia co doan viet: Thdnh van Tang quan Do sat Tit tinh Dqi Thien stf, tru tri thuqng phung (23) - Co nghia la: dau tich cua Tang quan Do sat Dai Thien sii ho Td da tru t r i chda van diidc phung thd d tren Than the cua than phu Ddc Td cung diidc sd chep: "Xiia, Dao Hanh ho Td, ten la Lo, cha ten la Vinh theo hoc dao phat, lam chdc Do sat ngach Tang quan ddi Ly" (24) Tai toa tam bao, co mot doi cau doi viet ve cai tam viec giac ngo dao phat, cau doi cho biet: Qua khd phdt, hien tai phdt, vi lai phdt, hd sa chtf phdt tdm; Kien dinh tdm, vd uy tdm, bd de tdm, gidc ngan tdm ngd phdt tam dich: Phdt qua khd, Phdt hien tai vd Phdt ttfcfng lai ciing tdt cd gidi Phdt deu bat ngudn tit tdm; Tdm vdng vdng, tdm bdt khudt, tdm thdng tue, mudn gidc ngd chi cd tdm theo Phdt Nhd da noi cl tren, Td Dao Hanh la mot vi cao tang dac dao va hoa tren hang da nui Sai Sdn, qua trinh tu tai ndi Phat Tich (ndi Sai Sdn), ngai da doc dddc mddi van tam nghin 57 ldn cau kinh phat Dai-bi-da-la Do la chdng qua tron kie'p tu, doi cau doi tren vda viet ve the' gi6i phdt, phap, tang dang toa vi tai tam bao cua chda, cung la noi ve Td Dao Hanh da kien djnh tam theo Phat ma chinh qua Tue Trung Thddng si dd6i thdi Tran da de cao triet ly tu Phat la phai co tam kien djnh va ong noi tam cl Phat va Phat cung tam, tam thi Phat con, neu tam diet thi Phat cung diet, cung la td bien chdng theo triet ly cua Thien vay Chda Thien sd la mot ngoi chda cd Mnh Tdi nay, chung tdi van chda thay mdt cdng trinh nao khao cdu ve ngdi chua Dac biet hdn, day la mdt ngdi chda cd md hinh thd td kieu tien Phat hau - Ddc Td Dao Hanh dddc thd chda Tim hieu chinh sd va mot sd' cdng trinh da xua't bin, chung tdi thay, hanh trang cua Td Dao Hanh van can dddc bd khuyet Do vay, dda vao nhdng ngudn td lieu chinh sd va td lieu thdc dja neu tren, chdng tdi mudn gdp them y kien ve ndi sinh cua Thien sd Td Dao Hanh va nhan manh rang lang Ddng But da bao Idu mdt trd lddng td lieu k h i tin cay ve sd sinh cua Ngddi (25) CHU THICH (1) Ve Thien stf Minh Khong, vSn nhieu sach chep khac nhau, Nguyln Lang: Viet sach chep chtf a tho'ng nhat, Thanh Tii: Thiin Nam phdt gido stf luan, sdd, tr 114 chep nam ma't stf Viet Nam Tu vien chdn khong xua't ban, Sai la 1112; Thanh Ttf: Thien stf Viet Nam Sdd, tr 71, Gon, 1972, chep Thien stf Minh Khong thuoc the chep la nam 1115; Trong Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u he thtf dong Vd Ngdn Thdng (tr 114, 119); linh Nxb Van hoc, Ha Ndi, 1972, tr 147, chep la Nguyln Lang: Viet Nam phdt gido stf ludn, tap I , nam 1112; Le Manh That; Thien uyen tap anh a'n II, III Nxb Van hoc, Ha Noi, 2000, tr 114, chep: ban dien td (soan gia Kim Son, Le Manh That Thien stf Minh Khdng thuoc thehg thtf 13 ddng Ty dich, Le Bic chuyen sang a'n ban didn td nam Ni Da Luu Chi Trong bai viet nay, chung tdi theo 2001), tr 116, chep la nam 1117; Bai Viet stf ky sach Thien stf Viet Nam, sdd todn thtf, tap Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi, Ha Ngi, (2) Ve nam sinh Dtfc Ttf Dao Hanh chua 1998, tr 287 chep la nam 1116; Vien Van hgc: Tha dUOc biet til nao, nhUng nam ma't thi cd nhieu van Ly - Trdn, tap Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi, Ha Ngi, 58 1977, tr 343 chep la 1117 (3) Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh Nxb Van hoc, Ha Noi, 1972, tr 140, 141 (4) Chung ta co the tim hieu them ve hanh trang cua Thien stf Ttf Dao Hanh qua cac sach: Dqi Viet sd ky todn thii, tap Sdd, tr 286, 287; Vu Quynh, Kieu Phii: Llnh Nam chich qudi Nxb Van hda - Vien Van hoc, Ha Ndi, 1960, tr 77 - 86; Ly Te Xuyen: Vtef dien u linh Sdd, tr 140 - 149; Thien uyen tap anh ngQ luc (til lieu Vien Svt hoe ky hieu thu vien DVv 440), tr 97 102; Thanh Ttf: Thien sit Viet Nam Sdd, tr 71 - 75; Nguyln Lang: Viet Nam phdt gido sQ ludn, sdd, tr 132 - 134; va Dang Van Tu, Nguyen Ta Nhi (chu bien): Dia chi Ha Tay (tai ban cd sQa chiia) Sd Van hda Thong tin Ha Tay, 2007, tr 632 - 639, sach Dia chi Hd Tdy, phan ndi ve Ttf Dao Hanh, sach cd din tu lieu Van chdu DQc thdnh, hien luu tai Thu vien Vien Nghien cflu Han Nom, ky hieu: AE alO/13, viet bang chii Nom theo the song tha't luc bat, vdi 182 cau nhung khong ndi tdi viec DUc sinh nfli dau va nhu the nao Rghien cuoi Lich six, so" 3.2011 chua Dong But, chua cung la mdt ndi thd Thien sU Ttf Dao Hanh theo mo hinh tien phat hau va cd md'i quan he dac biet vdi chiia Thay (7) Nguyln Qudc Tua'n: Md hinh phdt - thdnh qua chiia Bdi Khe - Dqi Bi (Ha Tdy), Tap chi Nghien ctfu Tdn giao Ve ton gido vd ton gido d Viet Nam Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2004, tr 376, 377 (8) Vien Nghien ctfu Han Nom: Ten lang xa Viet Nam ddu the ky XLX thuoc cdc tinh tQ Nghe Tinh trd (cdc tong trdn xa danh bi lam) - Dtfdng Thi The, Pham Thi Thoa dich va bien soan Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, 1981, tr 36 - 38 (9) Trong trUdng hdp nay, cd Giao sU Trin Qudc VUdng da cd each diln giai nhu sau: "Ve mat ngii-am hpc-lich sii B (bd) - Ph (phd) la ttf Han am chuyen sang Dudng am (kieu bueng/phdng, buom/pham)", xem: Lang Bung Trang Bung (Vdi ddng cdm nghi), Tran Qudc VUdng: Theo dong lich sQ nhQng vung ddt, thdn va tdm thQc ngtfdi Viet Nxb Van hda-Thong tin, Ha Noi, 1996, (5) Trong sach Viet dien u linh cd chep: "Dao tr 97 Hanh lai dtfng phep rut da't, tien ve phia trUdc, an (10) Cac sach chinh sU deu chep truyen Thien vao bui ram d xa Ngai Cau, thuoc huyen Ttf Liem, sU Ttf Dao Hanh cung sU Giac Hai, sU Minh Khong hda minh lam hd gam thet xong coi ra't ghe di sang da't Tay Thien hoc dao, tren dUdng cd di so" xem Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh Nxb Van qua nude Kim Xi (Kim Xi Man nUdc moi rang hoc, Ha Ndi, 1972, tr 143 Day la mot chi tiet vang) thuoc vung Van Nam Trung Qudc Viet dien u linh viet ve truyen Ttf Dao Hanh cung nay, trd ve TU Dae Hanh da tu dac dao va hda sU Giac Hai va su Minh Khdng tren dudng di hoc d chua Thien Phuc nui Sai Sdn Cdn Giac Hai va phdp thuat ttf Tay Thien trd ve, cd le chinh vi Minh Khdng thi ve tu d chtfa Giao Thuy, xem Ly Thien sU Ttf Dao Hanh da ghi lai da'u a'n d vung Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh, sdd, tr 142-144 Ngai Cau (nay thuoc Hoai Dtfc - Ha Noi) nen nhan (11) Ngay nay, khu Vudn Nd thuoc thdn Ngoc dan da lap chua thd ngai Phuc cung xa vdi thdn Dong But (6) Cac chtfa: Chua Td'ng, chua Ca, chua Thien Vu, chua Ngai Cau nhu vtfa neu tren, ngoai thd Thien su Ttf Dao Hanh cdn thd Thien stf Giac Hai va Nguyen Minh Khdng Trong mot cdng trinh nghien ctfu cua Nguyln Van Tien: Chua Thdy (Thien Phuc tii) Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, 2004, tr 191, thd'ng ke mot sd'kieu chtfa tien phat hau thanh, khdng thay tac gia neu ten (12) Ben canh truyen thuyet dan gian truyen lai nhu vay, chung tdi sUu tim dUdc mot cudn tu lieu chep vao nam 1973 ttf nguon tu lieu chtf Han, noi dung cudn sach kha diy du, cd nhieu chi tiet trung hdp vdi sach Viet dien u linh v& Linh Nam chich qudi mk chung tdi da din bai Tu lieu dng Do Danh Hoang, ddi thon Dong But cung cip Ve noi sinh eua Thien su (13) Nguyen van chQ Han nhQ sau: & & H?,3c m,ik m &,m m tt.w * n %,m v ± tt, ± T i f f l , B I S t t f X ! l t l T * tt.W ffl ± s » p t - i ] , ^ 5> n § * ,g intern m A ?& + - if-jij A $ m,m ^ ¥ m m [ ] « % [ « ] , M & m M, w m m m,m a & $ j?f * ffl ± , i l ft 10 H, J?J A S M S ffir.S # ± m J* f l j l l M tt $ 3?fl T Jg -pAi&i ], sQ tich dQdc scan dQdi trieu vua Canh Hung nam thQ 36 (1776) [Jtm S f& Pi ¥ =S H tt ffl sfc t t $ S ¥ tfo] va dUdc thQa lai vao nam Nham Dan, dQdi thdi Viet Nam Dan chii Cong hda, nen chung tdi da cd them thong tin ve hanh trang cua Thien sU TQ Dao Hanh, tQ lieu chep: "tt & i t ft tt ® R W m S 5(1 » * 75 ill H SPl^ttAt!ltt$S3Se'B-«|i«-W-iS^it S&PS^R&A^&'Sifffi^&iffrT- 59 trieu Ly, cha dng lam deh chQc Tang quan sat, (dng TQ Vinh) thQdng du hoc d lang Yen (An) Lang, lay ngudi phu nQ ho Tang, ten la Loan lam vd, sau sinh TQ Dao Hanh d thdn Ddng Bdt, d day van nen nha Me la Tang Thi Loan tu hanh b xa ThQdng Yen Quye't, tai (chua) Ba Lang Cam Ung Anh Linh, ngQdi sau dap tUdng de phung sQ Dao Hanh" Ngudn tQ lieu cung cho biet them: " - B PJ $ # # A B = ¥ H TJ tt L B mftm%m & & mM$ i i ¥ P $ iffi # W - Phien dm: Nha't tich Binh Than Hdi Tudng Dai Khanh tam nien tam nguyet sd that nhat Ngo thdi Dao Hanh niet ban Vi thdi xua't the vi Ly Than Tdng Ddng Bdt thdn de nien quy phung nghenh hoi le Tam dich: Su tich vao nam Binh Than, Hdi Tudng Dai Khanh mung 7, thang 3, nam thQ 3, thuoc gid Ngo, Dao Hanh niet ban vao gid Mui, xua't the lam Ly Than Tdng, thdn Ddng Bdt hang nam md hdi theo le" (14) Sach Vief dien u linh chep: "Bay gid, vua Ly Nhan Tdng khdng cd trai, ciu tQ mai cung khong dQdc, em Nhan Tdng la Sung Hien Hau ben mdi Dao Hanh den nha cau tu cho minh, de sau minh dUdc lap lam thai tQ Dao Hanh xin dau thai de ta On Bay gid Sung Hien Hau phu nhan dang tam phdng, bong thay Dao Hanh hien hinh d thung nQdc Phu nhan kinh hai ndi vdi Hau, Hau da biet y, mat bao phu nhan rang: Thay hinh d thung nQdc, tQc la chan nhan da nhap thai rdi, dQng sd The rdi phu nhan cd mang Dao Hanh tQ biet ve cd dS.n rang: Den phu nhan sinh de, xin bao cho biet Den sinh, phu nhan khd de Sung Hien Hau ndi: Phai Ek $ 3S M Ml *i ft A 55 IS $ * £ if ft" - P/»erc d/n: Sd TQ Dao Hanh tfnh TQ thi huy Lo ky phu bao kip cho cao tang biet Dao Hanh dQdc tin, hop TQ Vinh nai Sdn Tay xQ Ddng Bdt thdn nhan da si cac dd de bao ring: Ta chUa het nhan duyen vdi Ly trieu chi Tang quan Dd sat thQdng du hoc U An ddi, lai phai thac sinh lam vua b nhan gian, Lang hudng thu Tang thi nQ nhan danh Loan vi nad chet lai ve lam chu tam th&p tam thien", xem thiep nhi sinh TQ Dao Hanh vu Ddng Bdt thdn cd Ly Te Xuyen Sdd, tr 146 Sach Llnh Nam chich chi yen ky miu Tang thi Loan tu hanh U ThUdng qudi cung cd doan chep gin gid'ng vdi Viet dien u Yen Quyet xa Ba Lang Anh Linh Cam Ung h&u linh: "Md'i tuc nhan cua ta chUa het, phai thac sinh nhan sdc tUdng phung sU chi Dao Hanh Tam lin nQa ddi, tam lam de vtfohg, kip den gia dich: TQ Dao Hanh ho TQ huy Ld, cha la TQ Vinh, chet lam nhi thap thien tQ", xem Vu Quynh, Kieu ngQdi thon Ddng Bdt (But), tinh Sdn Tay, dudi Phu: Linh Nam chich qudi (Dinh Gia Khanh OJ 60 Nguyen Ngoc San phien dich, chu thich va gidi thieu) Nxb Van hda Vien Van hoc, Ha Noi, 1960, tr 81 Rghien ciru Lich sit, so' 5.2011 de'Ly Thdn Tdng sinh d nhd noi ddy Ddt gidp thdnh cd Thang Long, chudng Kim Ngtfu (chudng chiia Kim Ngtfu ?) tu lanh ghi tich thdnh sinh vd ltfu phuc tqi ddt Tit noi dung (15) Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh, sdd, tr 147 Cdn theo ket qua nghien cdu cua tren, chung tdi cho ring minh chudng ghi ve vi?c A.B.Poliacop, vdi dien bien cua sU kien nay, dng da dan song chi la kiep sinh dau thai lam binh luan va cd nhiing nhan xet them ra't rieng, vua Ly Than Tdng vua Ly Nhan Tdng nhu dng cho rang day la: Sit chuyen giao bi mat cdc chinh sii da chep Theo nguon tu lieu Ddng Bdt trieu dqi d Dqi Viet vao ddu the ky XII Hon nQa, thdn phung ctfu stf tich (da din tren), cung dng cung cho rang, diln bien la cd sd de ong cho chiing ta biet them mot chi tiet ve sU sinh dua quan diem cua minh ve viec phdn chia nhd cua Thien sU Tif Dao Hanh: "— B Wi ^ ft Ly lam hai trieu dinh - Hdu Ly so" vd Hdu Ly mat % m [ ] » S X i * B # S t t I I T Va gidi tu hanh cung dd dong vai tro ddng ke % W Phien Am: Nhat tich Dong Bot thon ky viec thay doi bi mat trieu dinh nam 1127 Poliacop tung [ ] tich phu TU Vinh Dong Bot thon cd cho biet them luc nay, chinh noi bq gidi Phdt chi yen dan sinh tQ TU Lo - Tam dich: Su gido Dqi Viet dd dien cuoc ddu tranh gay gat vi tach tai thdn Dong Bdt cdn lUu diu tfch ve nin nha quyen ltfc Xem them cac nghien cUu cua ciia Thanh phu TU Vinh tai thdn Dong Bdt, ndi A.B.Poliacop: Stf chuyen giao bi mat cdc trieu dqi d sinh Thanh tii Tii Lo (Tii Dao Hanh)" Dqi Viet vao ddu theky XII, Ky yeu Hgi thao Qudc te lan thU II: Viet Nam tren dtfong phdt trien vd hqi nhdp: Truyen thdng va hien dqi, tap I , tr 38-42; Bdn them ve vdn de chuyen giao bi mat cdc trieu dqi d Dqi Viet vdo ddu the ky XII, Ky yeu Hqi thdo khoa hoc 1.000 nam vtfdng trieu Ly vd Kinh Thang Long Nxb The gidi, Ha Ndi, 2009, tr 52-60; Stf phuc htfng cua ntfdc Dqi Viet theky X-XTV Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia-Vien Lich sii Quan sU Vigt Nam, Ha Ndi, 1996, tr 130-150 (17) Mac du vay, bUc dai tu lai cd nien dai 1870 dUdc viet bing voi tring, cd le vi ly nao ma ngudi sau da viet nien dai len (18) TrUdng Hutu Quynh (Chu bien): Dqi ciidng Lich stf Viet Nam tap I Nxb Giao Due, Ha Noi, 1998, tr 141 (19) Tu lieu hien dng Do Danh Bing d doi 4, thon Dong But luu giQ Sach vd'n dng cu than sinh ong Bing chep, vi ong la ngudi dUdc hoc chQ Nho, ngoai nhQng tQ ligu chep v l Quan (16) Tai chua Lang, cd hai qua chudng, nhung Thanh, ong lQu sach ciia minh ndi dung qua chudng dUdc treo d dien phat cd ten: f f cac doi cau ddi tai nhieu ndi thd tu cua lang Deng 1 - Chung ca dan thdnh - tam dich: chudng But cung nhu cac lang phu can ghi ve viec thdnh dd sinh Mac du la chudng cd (20) Qua trinh khao sat tu lieu tai chua Lang, ten la ddn thdnh, nhung noi dung chudn chung toi sUu tim dUdc mdt ddi cau ddi, ndi dung khdng ghi DUc Tit Dao Hanh dUdc sinh nhQ sau: To giang cd (phdi) ddn thuy thien trtfdng; nhu the nao Cung vdi noi dung minh chuong ghi Sai Son htfdng truyen kim cd ddc - tam dich: Sdng ten nhiing vi chiu hau, cd mdt chi tiet khien chung Td dan ntfdc ddi mai; Dinh nui Sdi Son vang tdi chu y dd la doan minh chudng: ^ # * truyen khdn ngudi Ca hai ddi cau doi y mudn so w #t m fe.s m m * Wc m z a a., m & z % sanh ve hai ndi thd tu DQc TQ Dao Hanh U U i t © } I it Phien am: Ly Thdn Tong dUdc ton kinh muon ddi vdi nhQng huyen tich hoang de sinh thai co' trach dd Ky dia tdc gidp linh thieng da cd Thang Long chi cd thdnh, chung Kim Ngtfu chi tu (Xem tiep trang 74) khi, ddn thdnh dao ltfu phuc chi - tam dich: Hoang Rghien ciru Lich sir, so" 3.2011 74 tfdc la "co tac dung cd' ke't cong ddng them ben vdng" (tr 332), "net tieu bieu la truyen tho'ng doan ket ' (tr 342), "neu cao tinh than doan ke't" (tr 346), hoae trinh bay mat tich ctfc cua htfdng tfdc d trang 340 lai trinh bay ca mat han che Muc d trang 347 cung trinh bay mat han che cua htfdng tfdc Nen chang, phan tich nhdng mat tich ctfc va han che cua htfdng tfdc co, tac gia lien he ddi net nhdng ndi dung can dtfdc ke thda hay Idu y khac phuc xay ddng hddng ddc mdi d cac dia phddng? stf rat bd Ich va can thiet cho cac nha khoa hoc, sinh vien, hoc vien cao hoc quan tam den de tai htfdng tfdc va lang xa Viet Nam lich sd Theo toi, cuo'n sach neu ltfu y mdt vai khiem khuyet nhd sau day: Vdi ttfa de htfdng tfdc cd lang xa ddng bang Bac Bo thi nen khai thac nhieu hdn cac htfdng tfdc cd cua cac dia phtfdng rai khap cac lang xa d khu vtfc nay, thay vi de cap den ca cac htfdngtfdccd cac dia phtfdng mien Trung nhtf Thanh Hda, Nghe An, Ha Tinh - Trong mot so' trang trinh bay cdn trung lap y Vi du cac trang 332, 342, 340 deu viet ve tfu diem, mat tich ctfc cua htfdng Toi rd't mong mdt thdi gian tdi khdng xa se dddc doc tac pham hddng ddc cd vdng Trung Bo, Nam Bd va hddng ddc cai lddng cua tac gia Vu Duy Men CHU THICH (2), (3), (4), (5) Via Duy Men Hitong Udc cd (l) Trich tQ sach Nguyln Quang Ngoc Mot sd vdn de lang xa Viet Nam Nxb Dai hoc Qudc gia lang xa ddng bang Bac Bo Nxb Chinh tri Qudc Ha Noi, Ha Noi, 2009, tr gia, Ha Noi, 2010, tr 38, 36-41, 176, 208-208 VE NOT S I N H CUA T H I E N SIT TUT DAO H A N H (Tiep theo trang 60) (21) Khong biet vi ly nao, hdi chiia Thien Su lang Dong But da dUOc nhan dan quanh vung goi la hoi Sep Ngay nay, nhieu lang xa quanh lang Dong But cung dUdc goi vdi ten Sep (22) Ong Dang Bing can bo sd V&n hda Thong tin tinh Ha Tay (cu) qua trinh nghien cUu da neu y kien nhu vay Y kien nay, chung toi cung dUdc linh hoi qua trinh khao sat tai dja phuong, nhd cac cu da tUng tham gia l l mdc due md ta lai: tUdng Due Tii Dao Hanh dupe dat kham, hinh hai cdn nho, the ngoi khoanh chan Trong do, tai chua Thay, ngoai tUdng thd DUc da die dao, phdi thd ca vua Ly Than Tong (23) Nguyen van chQ Han: § X It W tP g? % tt * # ffi it W ± * (24) Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh Sdd, tr 140, xem them Vu Quynh, Kieu Phu: Linh Nam chich qudi Sdd, tr 77 (25) Trong Thien uyen tap anh cua Le Manh That cung din y kien ring: "Mdt thuyet ndi ring Dao Hanh la ngudi thdn Dong But, huyen Yen Sdn, cha la TQ Vinh, me la Tang Thi Loan Nay tuong truyen Dong But cd nen cu nha hp TQ, trQdc chua cd 70 miu ruong la rudng ho TQ, dem lam tu dien cho thon a'y", xem Le Manh That, tu lieu da dan, tr 117 ... mdi quan he gida chua Lang va chda nen mot khong gian sinh hoat van hoa phdt Thiy, ngiidi xiia cd cau ca ring: giao vdi he tho'ng chda, cac sinh hoat le hoi "Nhd ngdy miing thdng va nhdng truyen... sinh ra, truyen d lang Ddng But, huyen Yen Sdn, phu Quo'c ke rang: Mot dem nam ngu, ba Tang Thi Oai cho hay Td phu (tdc Td Vinh, Loan mong thay mot chdm hoa sen moc cha cua Td Dao Hanh TG), sinh. .. nhd deh Thien su" Ve noi sinh ciia Thien sir dong sd chep nhu sau: "Do la mdng thang nam Hoi Tudng Dai Khanh nam thd (1112), Dao Hanh td coi nat ban ve coi ddi thac sinh lam trai Sung Hien Hdu,