Ly thuye't xac dinh rang, mdt ngffdi ed nhieu sang kie'n hay sang tao phu thudc vao eae ye'u td', gdm: Ky nang lien quan de'n ITnh vffc sd trffdng (Domain- relevant Skills); Qua trinh [r]
(1)Xay du'ng cac gia thuyet ve anh hu'dng cua von xa hoi
va moi tru'ofng phat trien y tifofng sang tao doi mdi cua to chufc
NGOYIN MONG THU* Tom tat
Su sdng tgo vd doi mdi cd the duac thuc Men d nhieu cdp bdc khdc nhau: cd nhdn, nhdm, to chffc vd giffa cdc cdp Moi cdp bdc sdng tgo deu cd nhffng ye'u td tdc dgng, gid tri vd lai ich rieng Met Cdc nghien cffu cd khuynh hudng dung thudt ngff sdng tgo (creativity), sdng kie'n (creative idea) cho cdc nghien cffu cdp cd nhdn vd nhdm Thudt ngff ddi mdi thudng duac sd dung cdc nghien cffu cdp td chffc vd cdng ty Bdi vie't ndy ddt trgng tdm vdo nghien cffu vdn xd hoi vd mdi trudng thdc day sU chuyen hda tff sU sdng tgo nhdm thdnh sU ddi mdi cua td chffc Tren ca sd nhffng nghien cffu trUdc, tdc gid xdy dUng cdc gid thuye't dnh hudng cua vd'n xd hgi vd moi trUdng phdt trien y tudng sdng tgo thdnh ddi mdi cua td chffc
Tuf khda: vdn xd hgi, mdi trudng, y tudng sdng tgo, ddi mdi cua td chffc Summary
Creativity and innovation can be implemented at many different levels: individuals, groups, organizations and across levels Each level of creativity has its own influences, values and interests Studies tend to use creativity, creative idea for individual and group studies The term innovation is often used in organizational and company level studies This article focuses on the study of social and environmental capital that promotes the transition from group creativity to organizational innovation Based on prior researches, the author develops hypotheses ofthe influence of social and environmental capital on developing creative ideas into organizational innovation
Keywords: social capital, environment, creative idea, organizational innovation
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MOT SO KHAI NIEM CHUNG
Khdi niem ve sdng tgo (Creativity)
Trong eae nghien effu sff sang tao eiia ca nhan, Amabile (1997) eho rang, sang tao dffde khdi dau tff sff da dang va phong phii suy nghi Cu the hdn, sang tao dffde khdi dau tff mot van de dffde suy nghi, phan tieh va danh gia d nhieu khia canh khae Sau dd, ngurdi sang tao se tim nhffng die'm ehung giffa nhffng khia canh nay, ke't nd'i eae die'm chung dd de trd mdt y tffdng sang tao
Khdi niem ve sU ddi mdi (Innovation)
Sff ddi mdi la qua trinh ffng dung va trao ddi tri thffe de' thffc hien edng ve viee san xua't nhffng san pham, dich vu hay quy trinh mdi dap ffng dffdc muc tieu cua td chffc de Doi mdi ciia td ehffe eae nghien effu thffe nghiem dffde danh gia bdi trffdng nhdm va cap tren ciia trffdng nhdm Ngffdi danh gia dffdc yeu cau danh gia mffe thffe hien y tffdng sang tao eiia nhdm: (1) Vin dang thff nghiem; (2) Dang qua trinh phat trie'n; (3) Dang dffdc hoan thien; (4) Da lan tda, da phd bie'n, nhffng vin bi tranh luan; va (5) Lan tda rdng rai (Ferlie va edng sff, 2005)
* ThS Trirdng Dai hoc Van Hien I Email: thuntml908@gmail.com
Ngd\ nuan bdi: 26/09/2018; Ngdy phdn bien: 15/10/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 24/10/2018
(2)Cdc khdi niem ve vdn xd hdi (Social capital)
Coleman (1988) ciing dffa nhieu nhan dinh quan lien quan de'n vd'n xa hdi Ong eho rang, vd'n xa hdi nam eac md'i quan he xa hdi, ngffdi ta thie't lap va tri nhffng quan he de tao thuan ldi cho hanh ddng nham tim kie'm ldi ieh Ngoai ra, trach nhiem, sff mong ddi va ldng tin la eae hinh thffe eua vd'n xa hdi Chinh trach nhiem va mong ddi lin da tao nen sff tin eay giffa eac ca nhan xa hdi
Ly thuye't cdu thdnh sU sdng tgo (The componential theory of creativity) cua Amabile (1983)
Ly thuye't xac dinh rang, mdt ngffdi ed nhieu sang kie'n hay sang tao phu thudc vao eae ye'u td', gdm: Ky nang lien quan de'n ITnh vffc sd trffdng (Domain-relevant Skills); Qua trinh sang tao (Creativity-relevant Processes); Ddng Iffc cdng viee (Task Motivation)
Ly thuye't hdnh dgng sdng tgo cua cd nhdn (Theory of Individual Creative Action) cua Ford (1996)
Ly thuye't cho rang, ngffdi lao ddng se can nhac giffa hai lffa ebon sang tao hay tie'p tuc lam nhffng viec mang tinh lap di lap lai theo thdi quen Ford (1996) dffa ye'u toed the anh hffdng de'n van de nay, gdm: Cam xue (Sensemaking); Ddng Iffc (Motivation); Kie'n thffe va kha nang (Knowledge and Ability) Mdt hanh ddng sang tao eua ea nhan la ke't qua tdng hdp cua ye'u to va trffdng hdp thie'u bat ky mot ye'u td'cd ngbia la ea nhan se khdng tham gia vao qua trinh sang tao
Ly thuye't ve sU tuang tdc sdng tgo cua td chffc (Theory of Organization Creativity) cua Woodman, Sawyer, Griffin (1993)
Ly thuye't nhan manh sang tao eua td ehffe la sff tffdng tae phffc tap giffa ngffdi va td chffc Ke't qua eua sang tao la san pham, dich vu, y tffdng, thii tue hay quy trinh mdi dffde bat ngudn tff sang tao eua eae ea nhan, nhdm va dac diem mdi trffdng lam viec eua td ehffe
Ly thuye't mdi trudng cho ddi mdi (Climate for innovation) cua West (1990)
West (1990) de xua't md hinh mdi trffdng eho dd'i mdi cho hai cap nhdm va td chffc, nd bao gdm nam ye'u td' chinh: Tam nhin (Vision); An toan tham gia (Participative safety); Dinh hffdng nhiem vu (Task orientation); Ho trd eho ddi mdi (Support for innovation); Tan sd'tffdng tac (Interaction Frequency)
KHOANG TRQNG NGHIEN CLfU VA DE XUAT c A c GIA THUYET NGHIEN CLfU
Theo Iffdc khao cae nghien effu eua tae gia, thi sff sang tao ed the la phat kie'n eua eae ea nhan thien tai, nhffng ngffdi lam viee doe lap, nhffng sff ddi mdi ed the' xay nhffng ngffdi binh thffdng biet each lam viec Cling Ndi each khac, mdi trffdng lam viec nhdm khuye'n khieh dd'i mdi sang tao va mang Iffdi quan he xa hdi/vd'n xa hdi (ben va ben ngoai) nhdm ed vai trd ra't quan giiip nang eao nang life
cho ddi mdi sang tao eho doanh nghiep Tren ed sd nhan dinh dd, tae gia eung tdng quan tai lieu de xay dffng eae gia thuye't ve anh hffdng eua vd'n xa hdi, mdi trffdng qua trinh phat trien y tffdng sang tao ddi mdi eua td ehffe, eu the nhff sau:
Xdy dUng gid thuyet ve dnh hffdng eua vo'n xd hgi qud trinh phdt trien y tffdng sdng tgo thdnh doi mdi cda td chdc
Trong mot nghien effu thffe nghiem, Perry-Smith (2014) nhan tha'y rang, ngffdi sang tao nhan dffde thdng tin tff eae md'i quan he gan gui (thffdng la thdng tin ndi bd nhdm), ho danh It thdi gian phan tieh va tieh hdp nd Do dd, nhan thffe ngffdi sang tao nhieu kha nang van theo nhffng ldi mdn cii, khdng tao y tffdng mdi Ngffdc lai, tie'p nhan kie'n thffc khae tff eac md'i quan he chat Iffdng thap hdn (thffdng tff ben ngoai nhdm), ngffdi sang tao can phan tich, xff ly va tieh hdp thdng tin theo nhieu each khae nhau; nhieu phffdng an dffde dffa va sff sang tao ddi dao hdn Tren ed sd dd, tac gia de xua't gia thuye't I
Gid thuye't 1: Sd luang ke't ndi giffa cdc nhdm it cd sU ke't ndi thuc day sU hinh thdnh sdng kie'n
Trong nghien cffu cap nhdm, eac nhdm ed mffe gan ke't cang eao, thi sff tin tffdng va sff ho trd lin giffa eae vien cang nhieu (Aral va Van Alstyne, 2011) Cac ca nhan sang tao cam tha'y yen tam chia se y tffdng vi ho cam nhan dffde sff chia se, thau hieu va sff giiip dd lan Tuy nhien, mffe gan ke't cang cao khie'n ngffdi sang tao ed khuynh hffdng thay ddi y tffdng de tffdng ddng va phu hdp hdn vdi y tffdng nhdm, dieu cd the lam giam kha nang dffa y tffdng dac biet cua ngffdi sang tao Tren cd sd dd, tac gia de xua't cae gia thuye't
Gid thuye't 2a: Sd luang hgn che mdi quan he gdn gui cd the thuc day viec phdt trien y tudng thay cho mffe gan ke't cao d ngi bg nhdm
Gid thuye't 2b: Mffe gan ke't cao trong nhdm cao giup thdc day viec phdt trien y tudng
Ca nhan ddng vai trd ngffdi ke't nd'i se kiem soat ddng chay eua thdng tin, giup ho nhan dffde sff ung hd eho y tffdng va sang kien (Burt, 1992; Seibert va cdng sff., 2001) Cd the' nhan tha'y rang, kha
(3)nang ke: no'i cd vai trd quan trong giai doan hoan thien y tffdng Dieu se giup ho d l cdng hdn d giai doan hoan thien y tffdng sang tao (Brands va Kilduff, 2013) vi dieu giiip ho giam tinh khdng chae chan va quyen the' ehinh thd'ng cua minh Tren cd sd dd, tac gia de xua't eae gia thuye't
Gid thuye't 3a: Khd ndng phdt trien ke't ndi (tu thdn hay vay muan) thuc day hodn thien y tudng
Gid thuye't 3b: Vay muan mgng ludi quan he hieu qud han tu thdn phdt trien ket ndi qud trinh hodn thien y tudng
Gid thuye't 3c: Vay muan mgng ludi quan he hieu qud han mdi quan he gdn gui trong viec thdc day hodn thien y tudng
Mffe gan ke't cang eao cang lam giam rui ro cam nhan, cang thiie day moi ngffdi hdp tac vi muc tieu ehung (Lingo va O'Mahony, 2010) va tang cffdng chia se thdng tin (Uzzi va Spiro, 2005) de' thffdng mai hda edng Tuy nhien, mffe gan ke't qua chat vffa giup dieu chinh cae vien theo dung hffdng cua ngffdi sang tao, nhffng ddng thdi ciing khie'n eae vien gap khd khan dffa eae y tffdng khac Cac nghien cffu ve qua trinh sang tao cap nhdm bac bd cae quan die'm cho rang mffe gan ke't cao lam giam hieu sua't sang tao (Fuller va Aldag, 1998; Kozlowski va Ilgen, 2006) Cac nghien cffu sau bd sung nhffng nhdm nhd gan ke't cd hieu qua sang tao eao hdn, ne'u ho ed nhffng md'i lien ke't ben ngoai nhdm (Perry-Smith va Shalley, 2014) giai doan thffdng mai hda
Tortoriello va Kraekhardt (2010) cho rang, qua trinh tac ddng ciia y tffdng sang tao, sff gan ke't chat ehe nhdm cd vai trd quan hdn sff da dang ciia eae lien ke't ngoai
Tuy vay, qua nhieu lien ke't ngoai ed chat Iffdng ed the lam suy ye'u ddng Iffc va ldng trung ndi bd nhdm (Perry-Smith va Shalley, 2014) Cac hen ke't ben ngoai ehi nen ddng vai trd bae eau eho cae vien nhdm, cdng vdi nen tang la mdt ca'u triic nhdm gan ke't chat che Ca hai se la mdt ke't hdp td't nha't cho bffdc lan tda (Tortoriello va Kraekhardt, 2010) Tren ed sd eac nghien cffu tren, tac gia de xua't cae gia thuye't
Gid thuye't 4a: Mgng ludi quan he cua ngudi sdng tgo chdt luang cdng tdt cdng thuc ddy qua trinh Men thuc hoa y tudng
tao sai
Gid thuye't 4b: Cdc lien ke ben ngodi cua cdc thdnh vien nhdm giup tdng lan tda vd tdng phu cua y tudng sdng tgo
Gid thuye't 4c: Cdc lien ket ben ngodi vd sU gan ke't nhdm se thdc day viec thUc Men y tudng sdng tgo (bao gom sdn xudt vd lan tda), do, gan ke't nhdm Id quan trgng nhdt
Xdy dffng gid thuyet ve dnh hffdng eua moi trffdng eho ddi mdi den qud trinh phdt trien y tffdng sdng tgo thdnh ddi mdi cua to ehffe
Mdi trffdng va qua trinh lam viee nhdm ed tac ddng manh me de'n hieu qua thffc thi sang tao Mac dd ehi mdt vai ngffdi ed kha nang sang tao bam sinh, nhffng phan ldn moi ngffdi deu cd nang Iffe sang tao d mot vai ca'p nao dd Mdt nha quan ly xua't sac ludn bie't tap hdp moi ngffdi lai vdi nhau: nhffng ngffdi ed the' dffa eae sang kie'n mdi, nhffng ngffdi khdng ngan ngai suy nghi theo phong each mdi va nhffng ngffdi ed du kien nhin de theo dudi edng viee cho de'n hoan de ed dffde mot tap the lam viec sang tao Do dd, mdi trffdng lam viee can tranh xuat hien chi trich hay ehe bai eac nhan vien dffa nhffng y tffdng khdng phii hdp Vi the, tac gia de xua't gia thuye't
Gid thuye't 5: An todn tham gia tdc dgng tich cue de'n qud trinh chuyen hda y tudng sdng tgo thdnh ddi mdi cua td chffc
Giao tie'p edi md la vd eiing thie't ye'u lam viec nhdm Mdt vai cdng ty quy dinh eae ky nghi phep hay cho phep nhan vien ed nhieu thdi gian hdn de' lam viee vdi dff an cua chinh ban than ho Viee td chffc va tham gia vao cac budi hop ban ngoai linh vffc ehuyen mdn, lam viee vdi nhffng nhan vien ciia eac phdng ban khae, eho phep danh thdi gian de di du lich, de thffe hien nhffng hoai bao ea nhan ed the dem lai ke't qua rd ret viee gia tang tinh sang tao va cai thien hieu sua't edng viee Vi the', tac gia de xua't gia thuye't
Gid thuyet 6: Tan sd tuang tdc tdc dgng tich cue de'n qud trinh chuyen hda y tudng sdng tgo thdnh ddi mdi cua td chffc
Cac nhan vien can nhan ta't ca cac khia canh eua van de rdi tff dd dffa nhffng giai phap sang tao Mdi trffdng lam viee can dffde dam bao rang, moi nhan vien deu thau hie'u tap the dang ed gang dat dffde dieu gi, eiing nhff nhffng mue tieu va mong ddi ciia edng ty la gi Vi the', tae gia de xua't gia thuye't
Gid thuye't 7: Tam nhin chung cd tdc dgng tich cue de'n qud trinh chuyen hda y tudng sdng tgo thdnh ddi mdi cua td chffc
Cae edng ty thffdng tap trung vao viec lam the' nao de' sinh cang nhieu y tffdng mdi bao nhieu cang td't bay nhieu Tuy nhien, moi viee khdng ehi dffng lai d dd Cd rat nhieu y tffdng td't, nhffng quan la edng ty can lffa ebon, ddng vien va hien thffe hda cae y tffdng kha thi nha't Trong cude canh tranh ve sang tao, nhffng y tffdng td't nha't (ed the dd'i lap vdi nhffng y tffdng sang tao dffde de xua't bdi cae ea nhan d ehffe vu lanh dao cao nha't) nen gianh phan thang Moi nhan vien edng ty can phai dffde ddng vien va tao dieu
(4)kien de tham gia vao quy trinh va chia se cdng chung Nhffng ye'u td' chinh tri nen dffde ngan ngffa va dd la trach nhiem ciia nha quan ly cho moi boat ddng edng ty khdng bi ehi phd'i bdi mdt quyen Iffe nao ca Vi the, tae gia de xua't gia thuye't
Gid thuye't 8: Hd tra ddi mdi cd tdc dgng tich cue de'n qud trinh chuyen hda y tudng sdng tgo thdnh ddi mdi cua td chffc
Mdi trffdng lam viee can lam de khich le moi ngffdi lam viec gan ke't vdi tap the Hay ed gang loai bd cai tdi ban nga eae nhan vien Mdi trffdng lam viee nhdm khdng nen ed khuynh hffdng thien ve mdt vai ea nhan ffu tu, xua't xac edng ty Mdi trffdng lam viee nhdm phai dam bao khdi day tinh sang tao d moi nhan vien va ddng vien ho ddng gdp eho hieu qua edng viee ehung eua edng ty Vi the, tae gia de xua't gia thuye't
Gid thuye't 9: Dinh hUdng nhiem vu cd tdc dgng tich cvtc de'n qud trinh chuyen hda y tudng sdng tgo thdnh ddi mdi cua td chffc
KET LUAN
Tren ed sd nhffng nghien effu trffdc, tae gia xay dffng gia thuye't anh hffdng cua vd'n xa hdi va mdi trffdng phat trie'n y tffdng sang tao ddi mdi eiia td ehffe Dffa tren nhffng gia thuye't dd, dinh hffdng nghien effu tie'p theo eua tae gia la xay dffng eae thang do Iffdng cac nhan to': Doi mdi d td ehffe; Sang tao d nhdm; Mdi trffdng eho ddi mdi va vd'n xa hdi ben va ben ngoai nhdm.Q
TAIXIEU THAM KHAO
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