Phác qua tình hình nghiên cứu phong trào Duy Tân ở Việt Nam

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PHAC QUA TINH HINH NGHIEN COt PHONG TRAO DUY TAN VIET NAM N G U Y £ N V A N KHANH* TRirONG BICH HANH" au the ky XX, cudc van ddng Duy tan, khdi phat tQ dat Quang Nam va lan rdng ca nUdc, da danh dau sU ddi mdi tU cQu nUdc cua cac nha yeu nUdc Viet Nam, ddng thdi md dau cho mdt thdi ky mdi lich sQ dau tranh chd'ng Phap cua nhan dan ta 100 nam qua, da cd nhieu cdng trinh nghien cQu d cung nhU ngoai nUdc ve phong trao Duy tan Thdi gian gan day, phong trao cang dUdc quan tam vi nhieu van de ma phong trao Duy tan dat van cd y nghia thdi dai ddi vdi cdng cudc ddi mdi ciia dat nUdc ta hien Bai viet cd' ging khai q u i t nhQng net ndi bat n h i t tinh hinh va ket qua nghien cQu phong trao Duy tan d Viet Nam tQ trUdc den Nha in Tan Viet cho m i t bd Viet Nam chi Sl, lan lUdt gidi thieu tieu sQ va thd v&n cua mdt so' nha yeu nUdc tieu bieu nhU Phan Dinh Phung (tac gia Dao Trinh Nhat), Phan Bdi Chau, Phan Chau Trinh, Huynh Thuc Khang (cung tac gia The Nguyen) Ben canh phan chinh vfin, cac cdng trinh cd phan phu gidi thieu ve mdt sd' sU kien, nhan vat lien quan den phong trao yeu nUdc d i u the ky XX nhU T r i n Ddng Phong, Chau ThUdng VSn Mac du khdng cd ddng gdp nhieu ve mSt hgc thuat, nhUng cac tac pham cung da cung cip dUdc mdt s d t u lieu cd gia tri tham khao NhQng cdng trinh nghien cQu cd tinh ban lam ve phong trao Duy tan chi xuit hien tQ sau nSm 1954 NhQng nSm 20-30 ciia the ky XX, da cd mdt so' cdng trinh trUc tiep hoSc gian tiep de cap den phong trao Duy tan, trUdc het la trUdc tac cua cic chi si lanh dao phong trio nhu Phan Chau Trinh, Huynh Thuc Khang (1) Nam 1937, t i c gia Dao Trinh N h i t cho m i t cud'n Dong Kinh nghia thuc Nha in Mai Linh i n hanh MSc du cdn han che nhieu ve tU lieu nhUng day cd the coi la cdng trinh sdm nha't gidi thieu ve Ddng Kinh nghia thuc Tiep dd, vao nam 1950, Tai mien Bic, dieu kien mdi dUdc giai phdng, viec nghien cQu lich sii chdng ngoai xam, dd cd phong trao Duy tan rat dUdc coi trgng Khi de cap den tinh chat cua phong trao Duy tan, nhieu y kien cho r i n g phong trao Duy tan mang tinh chit tU san va chiu anh hudng cua tU tudng tU san va cac si phu tU san hda lanh dao Ung hg va di theo quan diem la mdt loat bai viet dUdc cdng bdvao giQa nhQng nam 1950 tren Tap san Van-Sd-Dia (sau ddi Tap chi Nghien cdu lich sd), nhU Nhiing cuoc van dgng Dong Du vd Dong D •PGS TS Trudng Dai hoc KHXH&NV - DHQGHN " Khoa Lich sii, TrUdng Dai hoc KHXH&NV 10 Kinh nghia thuc, Duy tdn Id phong trdo tU sdn hay tieu tU sdn ciia Tran Huy Lieu (Tap san Van Sd Dia, 1955, sd' 11; Gop y kien vdo vdn de: Tinh chdt cdch mang Viet Nam qua cdc cuoc van dgng Duy Tdn/Dong Du, Dong Kinh nghia thuc ciia Van T i m (Tap san Vdn Su! Dia, 1956, sd 15); Tinh chdt vd giai cdp lanh dgo hai phong trdo Dong Kinh nghia thuc vd Dong Du ciia Nguyin Binh Minh {Van Sd Dia, 1957, sd' 33, tr 19-39; sd34) Nhin chung, nhQng bai viet dd thd'ng nhat xac dinh phong trao mang tinh chat tU san (dan tdc dan chu) nhUng chUa triet de Rieng ddi vdi Phan Chau Trinh y kien danh gia cdn cd nhQng diem khdng thd'ng nhat TrUdc day, nhieu nha nghien cQu cho r i n g Phan Chau Trinh yeu nUdc tren lap trUdng tu san, thien ve cai lUdng Mat khac, anh hudng ciia quan niem bao lUc each mang, coi dau tranh each mang chi la d i u tranh vu trang, nen da khdng nhan thQc het nhQng ddng gdp va cd'ng hien ciia Phan Chau Trinh Do dd, ve cd ban, dUdng Idl bao ddng ciia Phan Bdi Chau dUdc danh gia cao hdn dudng Idl "cai lUdng" cua Phan Chau Trinh Tham chi, cd ngudi cdn cho Phan Chau Trinh la sd Phap, sd vu tdi tan nen da lUa chgn dUdng "cai lUdng" Cd the phUdng phap nhan thQc, cdng vdi sU thieu thd'n ve tu lieu dieu kien dat nUdc dang chien tranh da khien cho sd' lUdng cac cdng trinh nghien cQu ve phong trao Duy tan d Trung Ky va Nam Ky xuat hien khdng nhieu NgUdc lai, gidi sii hgc mien Bic lai r i t quan tam den Ddng Kinh nghia thuc vdi tU each mdt trung tam cai each d Bic Ky TQ nhQng nam 60 the ky XX, Tap chi Nghien cdu Lich sd da md cudc thao luan ve Ddng Kinh Nghia thuc, thu hut sU tham gia cua ddng dao cac nha nghien cQu Trong Dang Viet Thanh cho r i n g "Ddng Kinh Nghia thuc la mdt cudc each mang van hda dau tien d nUdc ta" Rghien curu Lich sit s6 9.2007 (2) thi cd y kien khic lai coi Ddng Kinh nghia thuc "chi la mdt cudc d i u tranh tU tudng theo hudng tU san" (3) Dac biet, cudc tranh luan xung quanh v i n de danh gia vi tri ciia Ddng Kinh nghia thuc mdi quan he giQa hai xu hUdng bao ddng va cai each phong trao giai phdng dan tdc Viet Nam dau the ky XX diin het sQc soi ndi Neu Nguyen Anh luan vSn dang tren Nghien cdu Lich su! sd' 32, nam 1961 cho r i n g "Hoat dgng cua Ddng Kinh nghia thuc n i m pham vi anh hudng cua xu hudng cai lUdng lUu hanh each mang Viet Nam dau the ky XX ma Phan Chau Trinh la ngudi tieu bieu" (4) thi Nguyin Van Kiem lai cd y kien hoan toan trai ngUdc Ong k h i n g dinh: "Ddng Kinh nghia thtic la mdt bg phan cua cudc each mang dan tdc dan chu Phan Bdi Chau dQng dau, sy chi dao trUc tiep cua Phan Bdi Chau" (5) Tran Minh ThU (but danh cua GS Hd Song), tren tinh than "Cdgang tien tdi thdng nhdt nhdn dinh ve Ddng Kinh nghia thuc" da chu trUdng mdt each dung hda cho r i n g Ddng Kinh nghia thuc la "mdt phong t r i o boat dgng chu yeu tren mat trSn van hda tU tudng, chiu anh hudng cua ca hai xu hUdng bao ddng va cai lUdng, nhUng anh hudng cua xu hudng bao ddng cd phan dam net hdn" (6) Tuy chUa di den mgt nhan dinh thd'ng nhit, song cac nha s^ hgc mien Bic tQ nhieu gdc nhin nhan khac da gdp phan nang cao mdt budc nhan thyc ve Ddng Kinh nghia thuc va phong t r i o Duy tan Trong gidi sii hgc mien Bic dac biet quan tam nghien cQu ve tinh chat, vi tri cua phong t r i o Duy tan, thi cac tic gia mien Nam lai tap trung tim hieu ndi dung, dien bien cua phong trio TrUdc het, phai ke den viec Anh Minh xuat ban mgt sd trUdc t i c cua Huynh Thuc Khang - mgt lanh tu cua phong trao Duy Tan (7) Thyc ra, Anh Minh (Ngd Thanh Nhin) xui't ban Phac qua Hnh hinh nghien curu cac trudc tac cua Huynh Thuc Khang cung nhu cua Phan Bdi Chau, Phan Chau Trinh khdng chi vi hgc thuat ma cdn phuc vu muc dich chinh tri Tuy nhien, khdng the phu nhan cac trUdc tac da giiip ich rat nhieu cho gidi nghien cQu mien Nam La mdt tac gia dUdc danh gia "la nha sQ gia cua phong trao Duy tan" (8) vdi "tri nhd tuyet hao", "nhan xet sau xa, niem tin vQng manh va diin ta b i n g giong van tram hung" (9), Huynh Thuc Khang nghien cQu cua minh da cung cap mgt sd'tu lieu dang tin cay Cung dUdi ngdi but ciia dng, mgt so' sU kien, nhan vat cua thdi ky lich sQ nhU dUdc hdi sinh, linh ddng khac thudng Ben canh cac trUdc tac cua Huynh Thiic Khing, t i e pham cua mdt sd' chi si Duy tan khac cung dUdc xuat ban rai rac d mien Nam (10), qua dd cung cap mdt so' sii lieu giup ich cho viec nghien cQu Nhin chung, gidi hgc gia mien Nam kha quan tam den phong trao Duy tan Tren cac tap chi d mien Nam trUdc nSm 1975, xuat hien mgt so' bai viet, de cap den nhieu khia canh khac cua phong trao Duy tan: tQ nhan vat den thd van, tii Dang cd tiing bdo d mien Bic den A^dn^ cd dam vdi phong trao Duy tan mien Nam (11) Tuy nhien, da phan dd chi la nhQng nghien cQu cdn sd lUdc, chUa cd nhQng phat hien, danh gia s i u ve mSt khoa hgc Nhin chung, cac nghien cQu ve phong trao Duy tan d mien Nam giai doan 1954-1975, ding chu y nhat v i n la cic cdng trinh cua ciia cac t i c gia Nguyin Hien Le, Nguyen v a n Xuan va Sdn Nam Dong Kinh Nghia Thuc Nguyin Hien Le bien soan, dUdc xuat ban d Sai Gdn nSm 1956 Den nam 1974, cdng trinh da dUdc tai ban l i n thQ ba (12) Dieu dd chQng td syc h i p d i n ciia cdng trinh Tuy nhien, day cung chi la tap sach n h i m gidi thieu sy kien, sii li?u chQ chUa phai la mdt khao cyu 11 s i u sic, nhu chinh t i c gia cua nd thQa nhan: "Cud'n sich nhd ddc gia dang dgc day khdng phai la mgt cud'n sii, nd chi chya dyng nhQng tai lieu ve sii thdi " (13) Sdn Nam la tac gia cua Phong trdo Duy tdn d Bac Trung Nam Nha xuat ban Ddng Phd an hanh nam 1975 va Mien Nam ddu the ky XX - Thien Dia Hgi vd cuoc Minh Tdn in tai Nha xuit ban La Bdi nSm 1971 Ca hai cdng trinh da dUdc Nxb Tre, Tp Hd Chi Minh tai ban nam 2003 Trong hai t i e pham nay, Sdn Nam da gidi thieu nhQng net cd ban ve phong trao Duy tan tren pham vi ca nUdc, nha't la da cung cap cho chung ta kha nhieu thdng tin gii tri ve phong trao Duy tan d mien Nam (thudng dUdc ggi la cudc Minh Tan) Cdng trinh nghien cQu tieu bieu va ndi bat n h i t ve phong trio Duy tan d mien Nam trUdc nam 1975 l i cudn sach cung ten cua Nguyin VSn Xuan Vao thdi diem xuat ban lan dau nam 1969, cud'n sach dUdc coi la cdng trinh dau tien nghien cQu kha day du ve phong trao Duy tan, tQ ngUdi lanh dao, td chQc, dien bien, cung nhU nhan dinh, danh gia Nguyen Van Xuan nhan thay "phong trao Duy tan cd p h i n yeu kdm ve chinh tri neu so vdi nhQng td chQc chinh tri Idn lao, cd lanh dao chat che, cd sach lUdc vQng vang cd kinh nghiem tranh diu sau nay, nhUng chUa td chQc nao hdn nd ve dai van dgng Tan van hda, t i n sinh hoat, p h i t trien toan dien giao due, cdng, ndng thUdng" (14), nhUng ddng thdi dng cung chi nhQng han che cua phong trio: Cac lanh tu cua phong trio chi hieu ve dan quyen mgt each thd sd nhUng lai qua tin vao dan quyen, Phan Chau Trinh l i n Idn dan quyen vdi ngUdi Phap, ao tudng cd the: y Phap cau tien bg de den sang Phap vd mong, td chQc, ky luat ndi bd yeu k6m (15) Ve phUdng phap, ben canh khai thac tdi da ngudn tu lieu, tic gia da di dien da va phdng vin dUdc nhieu nhan chyng nhU dng 12 cQ LUdng Trgng Hdi, dng Cii Hd Ngai, dng Le Am (con re Phan Chau Trinh), dng Vd Hoan (mdt than si d Quang Nam), dng Nguyen XUdng Thai (nguyen quan ly Bao Tieng Ddn) Nhd viy, cdng trinh la mdt khdng nhieu nghien cQu d mien Nam dUdc danh gia cao ve mat hgc thuat va sii lieu Tat nhien, cud'n sach cung cd mdt vai khuyet diem Ban than t i c gia cung k h i n g dinh, dng viet cdng trinh tinh trang rat thieu thd'n ve mat tU lieu Cac tai lieu dien da du cd ich den d i u cung khdng the thay the hoan toan cic ngudn sQ lieu chinh thQc Ong da danh mdt phan rieng de khao ve Ddng Kinh nghia thuc vdi tU cich la mdt bd phan thd'ng nhat cua phong trao Duy tan ca nUdc nhUng lai khdng he de cap den phong t r i o Duy t i n d mien Nam Mat khac, Nguyen Van Xuan viet phong trdo Duy tdn vdi tam hdn ndng nhiet cua mdt nha van, khien phong trao Duy tan mang day mau sic, thi vi nhUng cung vi the ma ddi khi, mdt vai nhan dinh cud'n sach cdn mang tinh chu quan Sau nam 1975, dat nUdc hoan toan thd'ng nha't, nen sQ hgc hai mien cd dieu kien xich lai g i n nhau, bd sung cho Trong cac khao cQu cd lien quan den phong trao Duy tan, d i n g chu y la cudn Dong Kinh Nghia thuc vd phong trdo cdi cdch van hoa ddu the' ky XX cua ChUdng T h i u nam 1982 - cdng trinh dUdc xem la tdng hdp nhat ve Ddng Kinh nghia thuc cho den Ben canh viec phac hga nhQng ndt chung n h i t ve tinh hinh chinh tri, kinh te, xa hdi Viet Nam dau the ky XX, t i c gia da dyng lai mgt bQc chan dung kha chi tiet ve Ddng Kinh nghia thuc tren ca ba mat boat ddng: van hda giao due, xa hdi va kinh te, ddng thdi dUa dUdc nhQng danh gia ve vi tri cua Ddng Kinh nghia thuc phong trao giai phdng dan tgc Viet Nam So vdi cac nghien cQu trUdc dd ve de tai nay, cdng trinh cua ChUdng T h i u da vUdt len d mgt mQc nhat dinh ve tai ligu va danh gia Rghien curu L|ch sit s6 9.2007 nhan dinh Tuy nhien, quan diem cua ChUdng Thau ve vi tri cua Ddng Kinh nghia thuc cung khdng khac may so vdi Tran Minh ThU cho ring: Ddng Kinh nghia thuc "vln dQng lai d mQc cua mdt phong trao tan cai cich cd xu hudng thien ve phong trao cai cich cua Phan Bdi Chau, mdt phong trao tien bd nha't d nUdc ta dau the ky XX" (16) De lam s i n g td van de nay, t i c gia Nguyen Van K h i n h da gdi y mdt hudng tiep can mdi: tren cd sd danh gia s i u sic va chat che cac dieu kien nhQng dieu kien ben va ben ngoai, can phan tich s i u hdn nhQng dieu kien chu quan va khach quan cua cac xu hudng yeu nUdc d Viet Nam dau the ky XX, n h i m giai thich t h i u dio hien tUdng phan hda phong trao each mang thdi ky (17) TQ dat nUdc budc vao thdi ky Doi mdi, nghien cQu lich sQ ndi chung, nghien cyu phong trao Duy tan ndi rieng da cd nhQng bUdc tien manh me Mdt nhQng bUdc tien rd ret nha't nghien cQu phong trao Duy tan thdi gian gan day chinh la cdng t i c tap hdp va cdng bd tU lieu Nam 1990, bg sach Phan Boi Chdu todn tap ddi va nhanh chdng trd "cam nang cho nhQng ngUdi nghien cQu Phan Bdi Chiu Mudi lam nam sau sau, vao nam 2005, Nha x u i t ban Da Ning da cdng bd' toan bd khdi lUdng "di cao" dd so cua Phan Chau Trinh qua tap sach Phan Chdu Trinh todn tap Cd the ndi day l i mgt cdng trinh diy du nha't ve cac trUdc tic cua Phan C h i u Trinh nhan ky niem 80 nam mat cua nha chi si (24-3-2006) Bd sich cdn sUu tap cac bai viet, cac y kien cua nhQng nha each mang, nhQng nha nghien cQu va ngoai nUdc viet ve Phan Chiu Trinh, nhu "nhQng ldi binh" ve thd van va tU tudng, sU nghiep cua Cu Ngoii ra, mgt sd trUde tic cua Huynh Thuc Khing, nhQng nghien cQu cd gia tri xui't ban d mien Nam trUdc nam 1975 ciia Sdn Nam, Nguyen Q Thing, Nguyin Van Xuan Ian lUdt dUdc tai Phac qua Hnh hinh nghien curu ban (18), cung mdt so' cdng trinh mdi m i t nhu Phan Chdu Trinh qua nhdng tU lieu mdi, Nxb Da Ning, 2003 cua Le Thi Kinh va Vdn thd Dong Kinh Nghia thuc, Nxb Van hda Thdng tin, 1997, da cung cap them nhieu tai lieu tham khao cho nhQng quan tam den phong trao Duy tan Mdt nhQng hudng nghien cQu dUdc quan tam nQa thdi gian gin day la di sau tim hieu phong trao Duy tan qua nhQng nhan vat, dia phUdng cu the, tieu bieu nhu ChUdng Thau vdi Dong Kinh nghia thuc vd phong trdo Nghia thuc d cdc dia phuang, Nghien cdu Lich sir, 1997, sd (293), Hai Nggc Thai Nhan Hda vdi Tdng Bgt Ho - tinh thdn yeu nUdc gdn lien vdi tU tudng canh tdn, XUa vd Nay, sd'48B, t h i n g 2, 1998; Ly Tung Hieu vdi Luang Vdn Can vd phong trdo Duy tdn, Dong Du, Nxb Van hda Sai Gdn, Tp Hd Chi Minh, 2005 Quang Nam la que hUdng cua phong trao Duy tan vdi nhieu nhan vat xuat sic Dieu dd ly giai tai cd nhieu cdng trinh gidi thieu ve phong trao Duy tan tren dat Quang Nam (19) Tat ca nhQng cdng trinh dd, d nhQng mQc khac nhau, dem lai cho chung ta cai nhin diy dii, toan dien, sdng dgng va chan thUc hdn ve mdt nhQng phong t r i o yeu nUdc Idn nhat dau the ky XX d Viet Nam Thanh cdng nghien cQu phong t r i o Duy tan nhQng nam gin day khdng chi n i m d sdlUdng cdng trinh dUdc cdng bd, ma cdn d nhan thQc ve tam vdc, vi tri va y nghia cua nd ddi vdi phong trao giai phdng dan tgc dau the ky XX va vdi ca thyc tiin ddi sd'ng dat nUdc hdm Thay ddi nhan thyc ve phong trio Duy t i n trUdc het n i m thay ddi each danh gia ve Phan Chau Trinh Theo quan niem phd bien trUdc day thi cai lUdng la tieu cue, phai dau tranh chdng lai den cung Ngay nay, d giac tien bg xa hdi, tren cd sd nghien cQu ky yeu cau cu the ciia 13 xa hdi Viet Nam luc bay gid, gidi nghien cyu cang nhan rd hdn tam tU cua dng, ty mgt ldi tU truyen thdng, bao thu chuyen sang tU mdi hUdng ben ngoai, tiep can nhQng gia tri mdi me cua van minh phUdng Tiy, phu hdp vdi xu the van ddng va hdi nhap cua the gidi Diy cung la y kien chung cua nhieu nha sQ hgc cudc Hgi thao ky niem 80 nSm m i t Phan Chiu Trinh diin vao thing 32006 tai Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh GS Dinh Xuan Lam da nhan xdt: "Xu hUdng chinh tri va nhQng boat ddng cua Phan Chau Trinh da cd t i e dung tich cQc den phong trao each mang thdi dd, chd yeu cau dan chii, k b i t vgng nhan quyen Cu de xUdng l i phu hdp vdi thdi dai, phu hdp vdi bUdc tien ciia each mang Viet Nam dang chuyen tQ pham tru cu - phong kien sang pham tru mdi - cd tinh chit tU san Dudi anh hudng ciia xu hudng chinh tri va nhQng hoat ddng sdi ndi ciia Cu, mdt cudc van ddng cai each dan chil rdng Idn da dUdc phat dgng tai mien Trung va nhanh chdng lan rgng ca nUdc, tan cdng kha quye't liet vao he tU tudng phong kie'n, thUc hien cai each phong tuc, day manh phat trien cdng thUdng nghiep Khdng cdn nghi ngd gi nQa, Phan Chau Trinh la ngudi d i u tien cd tU tudng dan chu d Viet Nam Vdi tU cich dd, Cu that xQng dang chiem mdt vi tri cao lich sii dau tranh giai phdng dan tdc cua nhan dan ta" Tren cd sd nhin nhan lai mdt each khach quan hdn nhQng ddng gdp ciia Phan Chau Trinh, mdt so' nha nghien cQu gin day da di tim va ly giai sdi day lien he giQa phong trio Duy t i n va sU nghiep ddi mdi cua d i t nUdc ta hien Nam 1997, nhan ky ni$m 90 nam Ddng Kinh Nghia thuc, bai viet "Gop them vdo sU ddnh gid Dong Kinh Nghia thuc", t i c gia Hd Song thdng qua tim hieu Vdn minh tdn hoc sdch vk Quoc ddn dgc bdn cho ring: suy nghi ciia cac nha lanh dao Ddng Kinh Nghia thuc da 14 "phac thao mdt ly luan ve sU phat trien, chUa that hoan hao, song cung khdng k6m phan sau sic, cap nhat; va cho den v l n cdn tinh thdi sU ndng hdi" "NhQng i p u, hy vgng va mdi chi thUc hien dUdc mdt p h i n r i t nhd b6 dd, thi dang dUdc Dang va Nha nUdc ta tich eye thyc hien cdng cudc xay dUng dat nUdc" (20) Nam 2005, Hai Nggc Thii Nhan Hda cho m i t cud'n Xu hudng canh tdn, Phong trdo Duy tdn, Su nghiep ddi mdi (Tii gida the'ky XIX den cuoi the ky XX), dd cd nhQng tim tdi dang tran trgng Di theo hudng nay, nha lich sii kinh te Dang Phong lai cd' ging so sanh nhQng diem gid'ng va khac giQa phong trao Duy tan va sU nghiep ddi mdi va di den ket luin: Tuy thdi gian dien xa nhau, hoan canh, ngudi, ddi tUdng khac va ket qua cung khac nhUng ca hai phong trao deu lya chgn cii mdi, cii tien bg nhU giai phap cd ban cua phat trien Ca hai deu cd ndi dung cd ban la khic phuc nhQng dinh kien va le thdi cu, ke ca nhQng cai tQng dUdc ngd nhan la khudn vang, thUdc nggc mdt thdi Ca hai deu cd chung nhQng khudn vang, thUdc nggc mudn thud la: dan giau, nUdc manh, cdng bing, hQu ai, van minh "On cd' nhi tri tan", cd the xem day la mdt hudng di mdi nghien cQu phong trao Duy tan Phong trao Duy tan la mdt nhQng sU kien quan trgng nhat ciia lich sii Viet Nam dau the ky XX Tai Viet Nam, phong trio Duy t i n dUdc nhieu the he hgc gia quan tam dUdi nhieu gdc do: van hgc, sii hgc, triet hgc, van hda Rieng tren phUdng dien sQ hgc, qua mdt the ky, nghien cyu phong trao Duy tan d Viet Nam da dat dUdc mgt so' tUu dang ghi nhan: Cac trUdc t i c cua cac chi si Duy tan cung cic tai lieu cd lien quan dUdc sUu tam va gidi thieu rgng rai, cung cap cho cac n h i nghien cyu nhQng tU lieu can Rghien curu Lich si3r, sg 9.2007 thiet Cung vdi thdi gian, hieu biet ve phong t r i o Duy tan mdt sau sic hdn ve dien bien, ndi dung va dac diem ciia phong trao d ca ba mien; diem tUdng ddng va di biet giQa phong t r i o Duy t i n d cic dia phUdng; so phan, h i n h trang cua mdt sd nhan vat cu the da dUdc lam sing td them Ve cd ban cho den nay, gidi sii hgc cung da thd'ng nha't vdi nhin nhan tinh chat va lUc lUdng lanh dao phong trio Ddng thdi, nhQng han che nhan thQc va danh gii ve phong trao Duy tan cung nhu ve Phan Chau Trinh cung din dUdc k h i c phuc Tuy nhien, cho den v l n cdn mdt sd' van de chUa thUc sU thdng nhat, dd cd van de quan he giQa phong trao Duy tan va phong trao Ddng Du ndi chung va quan he giQa hai nha lanh tu dai dien cho hai phong trao ndi rieng Nhu ta da biet, Phan Bdi Chau v i Phan Chu Trinh la hai nha yeu nUdc ddng vai trd khdi xUdng va d i n dao hai khuynh hUdng tieu bieu nhat phong trao giai phdng d i n tdc Viet Nam dau the ky XX Mac du khdng t i n dUdng Idl cQu nUdc cua nhau, nhUng Phan Bdi Chau va Phan Chu Trinh khdng he d i u tranh, bai trQ ma v l n hdp t i e mQc n h i t dinh Tren thUc te, Phan Chau Trinh cUc lyc phan ddi dUdng ldi bao ddng va ciu ngoai vien song lai chu trUdng bdi dUdng nhan tai n h i m cha'n hUng dan tri va dan khi, phat trien dat nUdc NgUdc lai, Phan Bdi Chau mac du chu trUdng dudng Idl bao dgng nhUng v l n hudng den tU tudng cdng hda va nen dan chu tU san Thdng qua phong trao Ddng Du, dng da chQng td la mgt nha tan tien phong va triet de Hy vgng ring, khdng cua cdng cudc ddi mdi ca ve kinh te, tU tudng va hgc t h u i t hdm nay, nhQng ban che va dinh kien nhin thQc ve hai phong t r i o dan toe cung chiu anh hudng cua tU tudng tU san vdi hai n h i n vat dai dien la Phan Bdi Chau va Phan Chau Trinh se dUde k h i c phuc, tQ dd P h a c qua Hnh hinh nghien ciru cd cai n h i n d u n g d i n va k h i c h q u a n hdn ve vai trd vi t r i c u a h a i k h u y n h hUdng bao dgng va cai each t r o n g p h o n g t r a o yeu nUdc Viet N a m d i u t h e ky XX Ben c a n h p h o n g t r a o D u y t a n , Ddng K i n h n g h i a t h u c c u n g la mdt de t a i ludn d a n h dUdc sU q u a n t a m cua cac n h a n g h i e n cQu t r o n g n h i e u t h a p ky q u a T r o n g k h i mdt so' n h a sQ hgc coi Ddng K i n h n g h i a t h u c va p h o n g t r a o D u y t a n la h a i p h o n g t r i o r i e n g biet t h i mdt sd' k h a c lai cho r i n g dd chi la "mdt p h o n g t r a o dUdc ap d u n g t a i hai diem" (21) Ve cd b a n , ndi d u n g h o a t dgng cua Ddng K i n h n g h i a t h u c k h a g i n vdi p h o n g t r a o D u y t a n d T r u n g Ky Cd t h e coi Ddng K i n h n g h i a t h u c la p h o n g t r a o Duy t a n d B i c Ky n h u each ggi cua N g u y e n V a n X u a n V i n de d a t r a la Ddng Kinh CHU 15 nghia t h u c chiu a n h h u d n g cua P h a n C h a u T r i n h h a y P h a n Bdi C h i u ? Day cung la chu de ciia cudc t r a n h l u a n d i i n r a tQ nhQng nSm 60 t h e ky XX den n a y cQng chUa cd hdi ket Mgt k e t l u a n thd'ng n h i t tQ gidi sQ hgc v l n cdn d p h i a trUdc Cudc v a n ddng Duy t a n dien r a n g i n n g u i va k e t cue t h a t bai, song n h i e u v i n de ma nd d a t r a nhU d a n chu, d a n quyen, cai each giao due, c h i n hUng thUc nghiep v l n cd y nghia thdi sy t r o n g cdng cudc ddi mdi cua d a t nUdc h i e n N h i n lai phong t r i o Duy t a n , k h d n g chi n h i m tiep tuc k h a m p h i , n h a n thQc d u n g d i n va day du hdn nhQng v i n de thudc ve qua khQ, ma cdn de due r u t nhQng bai hgc lich sQ va tim r a ldi giai cho nhQng v i n de cua d i t nUdc hdm THICH (3) To Trung, Phong trdo Ddng Kinh nghia (1) Mgt so cong trinh xufi't ban tru6c nfim thuc - mot cudc cdi cdch xd hoi ddu tien (trao doi y 1954: Bdi dien thuyet dgo diic, ludn ly Dong Tdy vd doan litac sCt cu Phan Chdu Trinh, S Nhfi in kie'n vdi dng Dang Viet Thanh), Tap chf Nghien Xiia Nay, 1926; Phan Chau Trinh, Lich sH quoc cUu Lich si, 1961, tr 53-55 gia huyet le, Thinh Quang, 1926; Ngo Diic Ke, (4) Nguyin Anh, Ddng Kinh nghia thuc cd Phan Tdy Hd di thao, Thinh Quang, 1926; Tap phdi cudc vdn ddng cdch mang vdn hda ddn tdc diin van cita dng Huynh Thuc Khdng, Chan khdng? Tap chi Nghien cUu Lich sit, 1961, so 32, phUdng a'n quan, 1926; Sii Binh Tii (Huj^nh Thiic tr 38-46 Khang), Thi van vdi thdi da\, Nhfi in Tieng Dan, (5) Nguyen Vfin Kifm, Tim hieu xu hiidng vd Hue, 1937; Thi van cdc nhd chi sl Viet Nam cua Huynh Thuc Khdng, Dan Thanh, Hue, 1937; Dfio thiic chd't cda Ddng Kinh nghia thuc Tap chf Trinh Nhfi't, Ddng Kinh Nghia thuc, Nhfi in Mai Nghien ciiu Lich siC, 1964, so 66, tr 39-45 Linh, Hfi Noi, 1937; Minh Vien Huynh Thiic (6) Tran Minh ThU, Co gang tien tdi th&ng Khang, Biic thii trd ldi chung, Nhfi in Tieng dan, nhdt nhdn dinh ve Ddng Kinh nghia thuc Tap chf 1945; Duong Bd Trac - Tieu siC vd thii van, Dong Nghien cihi Lich su", 1965, so 81, tr 31-37 Tay, 1945; The' Nguyen, Huynh ThUc Khdng, S (7) Huynh ThUc Khdng tU truyen, Anh Minh Tfin Vift, 1950; The Nguyen, Phan Chdu Trinh dich vfi xufi't ban Hue, 1963; Biic thU bi mdt gid (1872-1926), S Tan Vi?t, 1950 Ky ngoai hdu Ciidng De, Anh Minh xufi't ban, HuS', (2) Dfing Vi?t Thanh, Phong trdo Ddng Kinh 1967 Hai cuon sach nfiy dU(?c nhfi xufi't ban Vfin nghia thuc • cuoc cdch mang vdn hda ddn tdc ddn h6a Thong tin in lai nfim 2000 vdi tiJa de Huynh chu ddu tien a nUdc ta Tap chi Nghien ciiu Lich Thuc Khdng nien pho: Huynh ThUc Khdng tii Si?, 1961, so 25, tr 14-24 truyen vd Thdgiti Ky Ngoai hdu CUdng De 16 Rghien ciiru Lich stir, sg 9.2007 (8) Nguyen Vfin Xuan, Phong trdo Duy tdn, Nxb La Boi, Sai Gon, 1970, Nxb, Da Nfing in lai, 1995, tr (9) Nguyin Vfin Xuan, sdd, tr 10 (10) Thai Bach, Tha vdn quoc cam thdi Phdp thudc, Khai Tri, Sfii Gon, 1968; Nguyin Thieu Dung, Vdn hoc thdi Duy Tdn, Bach Khoa, so' 389390, Sfii Gon, 1973; Nguyin Vfin TUcIng vfi Pham Lieu, Ddng Diiang chinh tri ludn: Mdt di thao chiia dUdc cdng bd'cua Phan Chdu Trinh, Bach Khoa, so 406, Sai Gon, 1974 (16) ChUdng Thau, Ddng Kinh Nghia thuc vd phong trdo cdi cdch van hda Viet Nam ddu the ky XX, Nxb Ha Noi, Hfi Noi, 1982, tr 91 (17) Nguyin Van Khanh, Doc sdch "Ddng Kinh Nghia thuc vd phong trdo cdi cdch vdn hda ddu the ky XX, Tap chf Nghien cUu Lich sH, so (283), 1983, tr 82-85 (18) Huynh ThUc Khdng nien phd: Huynh Thdc Khdng tii truyen vd Tha giti Ky Ngoai hdu Ciidng De, Anh Minh dich, Nxb Vfin h6a Thong tin Ha Noi, 2000; Nguyen Vfin Xuan, Phong trdo Duy tan, Nxb Da Nfing vfi Trung tam Nghien ciiu Quoc (11) Co the ke day mot so bfii viet tieu bieu; hoc, 2000; Nguyin Quyet Thfing, Huynh Thuc Thai Bach, Thd van quoc cdm thdi Phdp thudc, Khdng • Con ngitdi vd tha vdn (1876-1947), Nxb Khai Tri, Sfii Gon, 1968; Vu Dfic Bang, Dai hoc tii Vfin hoc, Hfi Noi, 2001; Nguyin Hie'n Le, Ddng Kinh lap ddu tien d Viet Nam hien dai, Tu tiidng, Sfii Nghia thuc, Nxb Vfin hoa Thong tin, Hfi Noi, 2002; Gon, so 1-2/1975; Pham Long Dien, Vai trd cua Sdn Nam, Phong trdo Duy tdn d Bac Trung Nam; Ndng CO mim dam phong trdo Duy tdn miin Mien Nam ddu the ky XX - Thien Dia Hdi vd cudc Nam, Bach Khoa, so 425, Sfii Gon, 1975; Lam Minh Tdn, Nxb Tre, Tp Ho Chf Minh, 2003 Giang, Trdn Quy Cdp vd tii trdo cdch mang ddn quyen ddu the ky XX, Dong A xufi't ban, Sfii Gon, (19) Trdn Quy Cdp - Nhd chi sl Duy tdn Viet 1970; Phan Khoang, Nhiing ngitdi Viet Nam cd Nam ddu the ky XX, Nxb Dfi NSng, 1995; Phan tinh thdn cdi cdch Duy tdn niidc nha mdi tiep Thtic Duyen phong trdo Duy tdn Viet Nam, xuc vdi vdn minh Tdy phuang Bach Khoa, so 71, Nxb Vfin h6a, 1996; Phan Chdu Trinh - nhd chi sl thang 12-1959 Thieu Sdn, Mot thieu sdt quan yeu nitdc, nhd canh tdn ddu the ky XX, UBND thi trong: Ddng Kinh Nghia thuc vdn hoc sic Viet xfi Tam Kj>, Quang Nam, 2002; 100 ndm trUdng Nam, Pho thong, so 86, thang 8-1962 Tdn hoc Phil Ldm vd nhd thiic hdnh Duy tdn xudt (12) Nguyin Hie'n Le, Ddng Kinh Nghia thuc, Tac gia xufi't ban tai Sfii Gon nfim 1956, Nxb La Boi, Sfii Gon xufi't ban lin thit hai nfim 1968, lin thii nfim 1974 (13) Nguyen Hien Le, sdd, tr 13 (14) Nguyin Vfin Xuan, Phong trdo Duy tan, Nxb Dfi Ning vfi Trung tam Nghien ciiu Quoc hoc, 2000, tr 301 (15) Nguyen Vfin Xuan, sdd, tr 299 sdc: Le Ca (Ky yeu hdi thao), Sd Vfin hoa Thong tin Quang Nam, 2006; Qudng Nam hdnh trinh md cdi vd giii; nitdc, Nxb Tong hcjp Thfinh Ho Chf Minh, 2005 cua Nguyen Q Thfing (20) Gdp them vdo sU ddnh gid Ddng Kinh Nghia thuc Tap chf Nghien cihi Lich sit, so 44 (293), 1997, tr (21) Nguyin Q Thfing, Qudng Nam hdnh trinh md cdi vd giQ nudc - nhin tit gdc dp vdn hda, Nxb Tdng h?lp Thanh Ho Chi Minh, tr 304  ... nghien cQu phong trao Duy tan Phong trao Duy tan la mdt nhQng sU kien quan trgng nhat ciia lich sii Viet Nam dau the ky XX Tai Viet Nam, phong trio Duy t i n dUdc nhieu the he hgc gia quan tam... cua phong trao Duy tan ca nUdc nhUng lai khdng he de cap den phong t r i o Duy t i n d mien Nam Mat khac, Nguyen Van Xuan viet phong trdo Duy tdn vdi tam hdn ndng nhiet cua mdt nha van, khien phong. .. sl Duy tdn Viet 1970; Phan Khoang, Nhiing ngitdi Viet Nam cd Nam ddu the ky XX, Nxb Dfi NSng, 1995; Phan tinh thdn cdi cdch Duy tdn niidc nha mdi tiep Thtic Duyen phong trdo Duy tdn Viet Nam,