Luận văn
STREN GTHEN IN G THE PARTN ERSHIP OF UN IVERSITY AN D EN TERPRISES IN HA N OI, VIET N AM: THE CASE OF ULSA A RESEARCH PAPER PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY, LUCBAN, QUEZON, PHILIPPINES IN COLLABORATION WITH THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY, SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DOCTORAL DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION By NGUYEN XUAN HUONG - RICARDO July, 2013 ACKN OWLEDGEMEN T In order to complete this dissertation, I need helps from many people Their helps provided the very great contribution to my work I am deeply indebted to all of them First of all, I wish to thank DR Cecilia N Gascon, my advisor Without her very useful helps and advices I would not be able to finish my work Her very high requirements have encouraged me to try my best I also want to thank all my professors and staffs of SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY and THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY for their interesting lectures and helps which provided me necessary knowledge to write this dissertation, as well as to work in my future In order to have a good dissertation with scientific quality and practical significance, I need to collect some information from employers and graduated students Without their very useful ideas and information, my dissertation can not be completed I want to give my sincere thanks to them for their valuable cooperation and kind help I would like to thank all commentators Their comments help me to make my dissertation better I need to express my special thanks from bottom of my heart to my passedaway parents who brought me into the world and brought me up Also, I am indebted to all members of my family, who kept encouraging and providing me favorable conditions when I am taking this course I am grateful to all my classmates and my friends who help me to collect materials in the preparation of the dissertation Their assistance helped me to save my limited time to focus on writing i Last but not all, I am indebted to many other people They are writers of useful materials in books, internet, and newspapers Hanoi, 2013 ii CON TEN T ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i CONTENT iii ABSTRACT vi ABBREVIATION vii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGRURES viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 10 HYPOTHESES 10 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 11 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 12 DEFINITION OF TERMS 13 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 16 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF UNIVERSITY – ENTERPRISE RELATIONSHIP 16 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 28 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 33 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 39 RESEARCH DESIGN 39 POPULATION AND SAMPLING DESIGN 40 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 42 iii DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE 44 DATA PROCESSING METHOD 45 CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 46 PROFILE OF ULSA 46 POLICIES RELATING TO UNIVERSITY - ENTERPRISE PARTNERSHIP 48 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 49 3.1 Basic characteristics of respondents 49 3.2 Job history of graduated students 51 3.3 Experiences of enterprises with relation to ULSA 53 3.4 Working weaknesses of students 55 3.5 Ability and experiences of enterprises in cooperation with universities 59 3.6 Potential opportunities for ULSA in cooperation with enterprises 64 3.7 Solutions for strengthening the cooperation between ULSA and enterprises 67 3.7.1 Ensure harmonious benefits for enterprises 67 3.7.2 Acknowledge the contribution by enterprises 71 3.7.3 Supplementary solutions 72 SUMMARY 73 CHAPTER V SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 74 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 74 CONCLUSION 77 RECOMMENDATION 78 3.1 Proposed cooperating framework 79 iv 3.2 Improving training curricula and changing teaching methods 80 3.3 Devoting more resources to create and maintain the partnership with enterprises 82 3.4 Ensuring harmonious cooperating benefits for enterprises 83 3.5 Acknowledge the contribution by enterprises 84 3.6 Create “formal” partnership with enterprises 84 3.7 Cooperate with other universities for strengthening university-enterprise cooperation 85 LIMITATION AND FURTHER STUDY 85 BIBLIOGRAPHY ix APPENDICES xiv LETTER OF INVITATION TO PARTICIPATE IN THE SURVEY xiv QUESTIONNAIRE FOR LEADER OF ENTERPRISE xv QUESTIONNAIRE FOR GRADUATED STUDENTS OF ULSA xxi SURVEYED RESULTS OF LEADERS OF ENTERPRISES xxvi SURVEYED RESULTS OF GRADUATED STUDENTS xxxvi CURRICULUM VITAE xlvi v ABSTRACT Creating and strengthening university – enterprise partnership is a very important solution for universities to archive the goal “raising the training quality to meet labour demands for the socio-economic development…” This paper presented potential opportunities as well as solutions for University of Labour and Social affairs (ULSA) to strengthen its long-term partnership with enterprises It can be said that universities in the economic and social field can maintain partnership with enterprises in many activities if having appropriate cooperating policies Of all proposed solutions for strengthening the partnership with enterprises, the most important one is that universities should ensure harmonious cooperating benefits for enterprises vi ABBREVIATION ULSA: University of Labour and Social affairs CEO: Chief Executive Officer CRM: Customer relationship management EUE-Net: European Programme of Entrepreneur’s mobility within Universities MOET: Ministry of Education and Training MOLISA: Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social affairs vii LIST OF TABLES AN D FIGRURES Table Kinds of enterprises 14 Table Types of CRM 29 Table Population and sample of the study 41 Table Contents in the questionnaire for CEOs 42 Table Contents in the questionnaire for graduated students 43 Table General information of surveyed leaders and enterprises 49 Table General information of graduated students 50 Table Reasons for not-employing bachelors graduated from ULSA 54 Table Activities that enterprises have ever cooperated with universities 61 Table 10 Activities that enterprises will be willing to cooperate with ULSA 64 Table 11 Solutions to ensure harmonious benefits for enterprises 67 Figure QCi model of CRM 30 Figure The CRM value chain 31 Figure The Payne’s five-process model of CRM 31 Figure The Gartner competency model of CRM 33 Figure University-enterprise relationship 35 Figure Conceptual framework 37 Figure Job characteristics of graduated students 52 Figure Working weaknesses of bachelors graduated from ULSA 56 Figure Solutions to acknowledge the contribution by enterprises (Unit: %) 71 Figure 10 Cooperating framework for ULSA 79 viii CHAPTER I IN TRODUCTION In the Strategy for Education development of Vietnam in 2011-2020, the Government exposed seven limitations in the current educational system of Vietnam This showed that Vietnamese educational quality is low, contents are heavily theoretical, and universities have not changed much into training based on demands of the society (Vietnamese Government, 2012, pp 4-5) In this Strategy, developmental goal for vocational and university training is that “raising the training quality to meet labour demands for the socio-economic development…” (Vietnamese Government, 2012, p 9) To achieve this goal, Vietnamese universities need to fulfill many activities for improving their training programs, of which, creating and maintaining a close partnership with employers is an important one Employers are regarded as “indirect” customers of universities because they not “buy” training services (main products of universities) provided by universities but they “buy” working ability of graduates That means they will buy the “outcomes” of training services Thus, if employers not hire graduates because they have inappropriate working ability, it may be worthless for students to take training courses provided by universities For this reason, universities should create and maintain relationship with employers to collect information about labour markets, such as which skills and knowledge employers want employees to be trained, future Basing on the collected information, universities can change their contents of training programs, teaching methods, and so on, in such a way that provide knowledge and skills that are most-needed for students By doing so, it will be easy for their graduated students to find jobs in which they can apply what they have been trained technology and management Sell enterprises' researching results (machines, softwares, 12 10.26 26.92 9.09 27 23.08 23.08 15 34.09 12.77 73 62.39 16 61.54 29 65.91 28 59.57 56 47.86 etc.) to universities 2.13 15 57.69 20 45.45 21 44.68 63 53.85 19 73.08 23 52.27 21 44.68 Cooperate in research University and enterprise mutually participate in or contribute resources to fulfill research projects Sign contract with universities to undertake research projects (for enterprise) (Enterprise) Provide supports for researching activities of universities University and enterprise mutually participate in scientifictechnological forums, clubs Table Opinions of leaders of enterprises about solutions/ activities should ULSA realize in order to create and strengthen the cooperation with enterprises Scale of enterprises Overall Solutions/ Activities Large N o % N o % Medium N o Small % N o % Ensure harmonious benefits for enterprises in such a way that can create an “equal and mutually beneficial” cooperation Pay for activities that enterprises “help” ULSA, such as supervision at work or costs involved in practical activities of students, etc 53 45.30 16 61.54 18 40.91 19 40.43 88 75.21 23 88.46 34 77.27 31 65.96 Give adequate payments when leaders of enterprises give xxxiii lectures at the university Contribute facilities for activities 6.84 19.23 4.55 88 75.21 18 69.23 31 70.45 39 82.98 94 80.34 of students in enterprises 20 76.92 35 79.55 39 82.98 97 82.91 20 76.92 39 88.64 38 80.85 101 86.32 23 88.46 38 86.36 40 85.11 2.13 Contribute to or participate in sporting, cultural activities in enterprises Provide free consultancies or remission of charge for some cooperating activities undertaken by the university (for enterprises) in “exchange for” those activities that enterprises provide free of charge for the university, such as practice at work by students or leaders of enterprises share information about labour markets Update and provide free of charge (mainly by Internet) legal documents relating to enterprise Buy products of enterprises; allow free advertisement of enterprises in the website of the university; allow enterprises to place panels at the university Acknowledge the cooperation from enterprises Make a list of cooperating enterprises and upload to the website 103 88.03 21 80.77 42 95.45 40 85.11 92 78.63 17 65.38 35 79.55 40 85.11 Write articles (in the website or the journal of the university) about important cooperating events xxxiv Send back to enterprise those textbooks, curriculums, etc that they made comments on 69 58.97 17 65.38 25 56.82 27 57.45 96 82.05 19 73.08 37 84.09 40 85.11 Send card, flower, thanking letter or delegate to enterprises in their important occasions, such as establishing date, Tet holiday, birthday of leaders of enterprises Supplementary activities Send information about the university to enterprises 93 79.49 14 53.85 37 84.09 42 89.36 76 64.96 17 65.38 30 68.18 29 61.70 Sign commitments/ agreements to make long-term cooperation with enterprises xxxv SURVEYED RESULTS OF GRADUATED STUDEN TS Table General information of graduated students N o % Studying fields Social insurance 48 32.65 Accounting 47 31.97 Human resource management 52 35.37 Male 50 34.01 Female 97 65.99 Gender Table Current job situation of graduated students Job situation Studying fields Having job N o % Unemployed N o % Social insurance 48 100.00 0.00 Accounting 39 82.98 17.02 Human resource management 52 100.00 0.00 139 94.56 5.44 Overall Table Reasons for being unemployed Reasons N o % Enterprises (employers) have no demand to employ bachelors in your training field 62.50 75.00 87.50 75.00 Enterprises (employers) not want to employ bachelors graduated from the University of Labour and Social affairs (ULSA) be cause the university has low reputation You applied but were not employed because your trained knowledge and skills were not fit for jobs You were employed but then were fired because your trained knowledge and skills were not fit for jobs xxxvi Enterprises (employers) have demand to employ bachelors in your training field but you not want to work because of low salary 75.00 62.50 You were employed but then gave up old job because of low salary for finding a better-payment job Table Characteristics of jobs of graduated students Characteristics of job Fit with Close to Unrelating to training field training field training field N o Studying fields N o N o % % % Social insurance 32 66.67 14 29.17 4.17 Accounting 26 66.67 20.51 12.82 Human resource management 33 63.46 15 28.85 7.69 Overall 91 65.47 37 26.62 11 7.91 Table Type of enterprises that graduated students work for Type of enterprises N on-stateState-owned owned Foreign-invested (exclusive of Studying fields (FDI) FDI) N o % N o % N o % Social insurance 13 37.14 19 54.29 8.57 Accounting 15 39.47 19 50.00 10.53 Human resource management 18 36.00 27 54.00 10.00 Overall 46 37.40 65 52.85 12 9.76 Table Scale of enterprises that graduated students work for Scale of enterprises Studying fields Large scale N o Social insurance % 14.29 Medium scale N o 21 % 60.00 Small scale N o % 25.71 xxxvii Accounting 21.05 21 55.26 23.68 Human resource management 18.00 32 64.00 18.00 22 17.89 74 60.16 27 21.95 Overall Table Duration that graduated students found the first job Training field Overall Duration Social insurance N o % N o % Human Accounting resource management N o % N o % Less than month 18 12.24 12.50 10.64 13.46 From to less than months 74 50.34 23 47.92 26 55.32 25 48.08 From to less than months 37 25.17 13 27.08 11 23.40 13 25.00 From to less than months 6.12 8.33 4.26 5.77 From months to year 2.72 2.08 2.13 3.85 More than year 2.72 2.08 2.13 3.85 Have never got a job 0.68 0.00 2.13 0.00 Table N umber of organizations/ enterprises that graduated students have worked for since graduation Training field Overall N o of organizations Social insurance N o % N o % Human Accounting resource management N o 121 82.31 39 81.25 23 15.65 14.58 % N o 44 93.62 % 38 73.08 4.26 14 26.92 or more 1.36 4.17 0.00 0.00 Have never got a job 0.68 0.00 2.13 0.00 Table Reasons that graduated students changed their jobs Reasons Training field Overall Social Accounting Human xxxviii insurance resource management N o % N o % N o % N o % Students were fired because trained knowledge and skills were not fit for jobs 20.00 44.44 0.00 7.14 16 64.00 66.67 100.00 57.14 payment job 24.00 22.22 0.00 28.57 Other reasons 0 0.00 7.14 Previous job(s) did not fit with training field so that student gave up in order to find another one that fit with training field Previous job(s) brought low salary so that students gave up in order to find a better- 4.00 0.00 Table 10 Working weaknesses of graduated students Training field Weaknesses Overall Social insurance N o % N o % Human Accounting resource management N o % N o % Lack of practical knowledge and skills needed for their jobs 135 92.47 43 89.58 43 93.48 49 94.23 6.25 8.70 13.46 18.75 17.39 13 25.00 Lack of theoretical knowledge needed for their jobs 14 9.59 Lack of supplemental knowledge and skills, such as team-working or making document, needed for their 30 20.55 xxxix jobs Low ability in using computer and softwares needed for their jobs 6.25 8.70 13.46 141 96.58 46 95.83 45 97.83 50 96.15 47 32.19 12 25.00 16 34.78 19 36.54 14 9.59 Low ability in using foreign languages for their jobs Low ability in self-control, independent, and creative working Table 11 Opinions of graduated students about how training curricula and teaching methods of ULSA need to be renovated inn order to make trained knowledge and skills more fit for their jobs in the reality Training field Overall Social insurance Human Accounting resource management N o % N o % N o % 138 93.88 46 95.83 43 91.49 49 94.23 140 95.24 46 95.83 45 95.74 49 94.23 138 93.88 46 95.83 43 91.49 49 94.23 142 96.60 46 95.83 46 97.87 50 96.15 N o % Promote the participation of employers in giving comments or designing curricula Set up a net/ forum of former (graduated) students for collecting information of labour markets and comments on training curricula Undertake more practical activities at enterprises for students Promote the participation of employers in giving lectures, xl sharing information/ experience, supervision, and giving marks to final theses/ designs Renovate teaching, evaluating methods in such a way that promotes selfcontrol, creativeness of students in order to give opportunities for students to exercise and accumulate needed “supplemental” skills 140 95.24 45 93.75 45 95.74 50 96.15 47 100.00 52 100.00 3.85 Promote the participation of students in services, consultancies, etc that the university provides to enterprises Others 147 100.00 3.40 48 100.00 4.17 2.13 Table 12 Opinions of graduated students about activities in the university – enterprise cooperation that ULSA choose to implement Training field Activities Overall Social insurance N o % N o % Human Accounting resource management N o % N o % 45 95.74 48 92.31 47 100.00 52 100.00 Cooperate in training Promote the participation of employers in giving comments or designing curricula 139 94.56 147 100.00 46 95.83 Create a permanent relationship with some 48 100.00 xli enterprises for sending students to practice there Create a permanent relationship with some leaders of enterprises in order to encourage them in giving lectures, sharing information/ experience, supervision, and giving marks to final theses/ designs 147 100.00 118 80.27 147 100.00 48 100.00 47 100.00 52 100.00 39 37 78.72 42 80.77 47 100.00 52 100.00 (The university) Provide short-time training courses in technology, management, etc for enterprises 81.25 Create a permanent relationship with some enterprises for attracting supports in machines, facilities, or scholarships 48 100.00 Cooperate in services (The university) participate in evaluating the production, management systems of enterprises 59 40.14 18 37.50 20 42.55 21 40.38 107 72.79 35 72.92 35 74.47 37 71.15 129 87.76 42 87.50 42 89.36 45 86.54 5.44 4.17 4.26 7.69 (The university) participate in introducing, mediating new technology to enterprises (The university) participate in providing consultants about technology and management to enterprises (The university) buy xlii researching results (machines, softwares, etc.) of enterprises Cooperate in research University and enterprises mutually participate in or contribute resources to fulfill research projects 110 74.83 147 100.00 81 55.10 37 77.08 35 74.47 38 73.08 48 100.00 47 100.00 52 100.00 28 26 27 51.92 (The university) sign contract to undertake research projects for enterprise) University and enterprise mutually participate in scientific-technological forums, clubs 58.33 55.32 Table 13 Opinions of graduated students about solutions/ activities should ULSA realize in order to create and strengthen the cooperation with enterprises Training field Overall Solutions/ Activities Social insurance N o % N o % Human Accounting resource management N o % N o % Ensure harmonious benefits for enterprises in such a way that can create an “equal and mutually beneficial” cooperation Pay for activities that enterprises “help” ULSA, such as supervision at work or costs involved in practical activities of students, etc 14 9.52 6.25 12.77 9.62 133 90.48 45 93.75 41 87.23 47 90.38 Give adequate payments when leaders of enterprises give lectures at the xliii university Contribute facilities for activities of students in 20 13.61 8.33 19.15 13.46 107 72.79 34 70.83 34 72.34 39 75.00 128 87.07 41 85.42 41 87.23 46 88.46 80 54.42 27 56.25 24 51.06 29 55.77 enterprises 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52 100.00 Contribute to or participate in sporting, cultural activities in enterprises Provide free consultancies or remission of charge for some cooperating activities undertaken by the university (for enterprises) in “exchange for” those activities that enterprises provide free of charge for the university, such as practice at work by students or leaders of enterprises share information about labour markets Update and provide free of charge (mainly by Internet) legal documents relating to enterprise Buy products of enterprises; allow free advertisement of enterprises in the website of the university; allow enterprises to place panels at the university Acknowledge the cooperation from enterprises Make a list of cooperating enterprises and upload to the website 147 100.00 48 100.00 47 100.00 xliv Write articles (in the website or the journal of the university) about important cooperating events 147 100.00 143 143 48 100.00 47 100.00 52 100.00 97.28 47 97.92 46 97.87 50 96.15 97.28 47 97.92 46 97.87 50 96.15 Send back to enterprise those textbooks, curriculums, etc that they made comments on Send card, flower, thanking letter or delegate to enterprises in their important occasions, such as establishing date, Tet holiday, birthday of leaders of enterprises Supplementary activities Send information about the university to enterprises 137 93.20 46 95.83 43 91.49 48 92.31 135 91.84 43 89.58 44 93.62 48 92.31 Sign commitments/ agreements to make longterm cooperation with enterprises xlv CURRICULUM VITAE I Personal Information Name: Ricardo (Nguyen Xuan Huong) Sex: Male Date of birthday: 27/3/1972 Birthplace: Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam Civil Status: Head of Scientific Department – University of Labour and Social Affairs, Vietnam Father: Nguyen Ngoc Sinh (Passed away) Mother: Nguyen Thi Thin (Passed away) Wife: Ha Thi Hong Ngan Date of birthday: 06/12/1977 Son: Nguyen Ha Duong Date of birthday: 23/11/2005 Daughter: Nguyen Ha Phuong Chi Date of birthday: 10/02/2010 II Educational Qualification • 2003: MA in Development Economics, Dutch Project (National Economics University) • 1995: BA in English, Ha Noi University of Foreign languages • BA in Marketing, Ha Noi National Economics University III Civil service, eligibility and Government (N one) IV Experiences Year employed: 2003 Employer: University of Labour and Social Affairs (ULSA) – MOLISA Address: Trung Hoa Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam Current Position: Head of Scientific Department xlvi Year employed: 1993 Employer: Bac Thai metal company Address: Tan Lap Ward, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam Position: Clerk xlvii ... for Education development of Vietnam in 2011-2020, the Government exposed seven limitations in the current educational system of Vietnam This showed that Vietnamese educational quality is low,... aspects of University – Enterprise cooperation may include Cooperative reseach project – Contract researh and Scientific service projecte The service aspect of University – Enterprise cooperation... of which most are enterprises However, very few Vietnamese universities have regular relationships with enterprises It is not unknown that Vietnamese education in general and at university level