* Khi caâu ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu ôû hieän taïi ñôn, thì cuûa ñoäng töø trong caâu giaùn tieáp khoâng ñoåi vaø caùc töø chæ thôøi gian hoaëc nôi choán vaãn giöõ nguyeân.. - The doctor sa[r]
(1)Buæi 1: Tenses
A Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the use and form of tree tenses : The Present Simple Tense, The Present Progressive Tense, The Present Perfect Tense
- Teaching aids: teaching plan, exercise book
THE PRESENT SIMPLE, THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE, THE PRESENT PERFECT
I The Present Simple Tense
1 Form to be
- Affirmative: S + V1… S + am/is/are……
- Negative: S + do/does + not + V… S + am/is/are + not… - Interrogative: Do/Does + S + V….? Am/Is/Are + S ….? 2 Use
a Diễn tả hành động thói quen (always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, every…….)
Ex: I usually go to school in the afternoon
b Diễn tả chân lí, thật lúc Ex: The earth moves around the sun
3 Đối với ngơi thứ ba số ít: He, She, It.
a Thêm “S” vào sau động từ thường Ex: Lan often gets up early in the morning
b Thêm “ES” vào sau động từ tận là: ch, sh, s, x, o, z.
Ex: He watches a lot of TV on Sundays
II The Present Progressive Tense
1 Form - Affirmative: S + am/is/are + V-ing……
- Negative: S + am/is/are + not + V-ing… - Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing ….? 2 Use
Diễn tả hành động xảy lúc nói (now, at the moment, at this time, at present….)
Ex: - I am looking for the latest newspaper now
- They are watching a sport game show at the moment 3 Note:
(2)Ex: - We are tenth-grade students now - I understand the lesson at the moment
III The Present Perfect Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + has/have +V3/ed… - Negative: S + has/have + not + V3/ed…
- Interrogative: Has/Have + S + V3/ed….? 2 Use
a Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ kéo dài đến (never, ever, not…yet, since, for, so far, until now, up to now,…….)
Ex: We have learnt English for years
b Diễn tả hành động vừa xảy (just, recently, lately) Ex: She has just gone out
c Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ không xác định rõ thời gian (already, before)
Ex: Have you seen this movie before? 3 Notes
a Cách dùng since for
- SINCE: mốc thời gian (2000, September, I last saw you, …) - FOR: khoảng thời gian (3 months, a long time, ages, …)
b S + has/have +V3/ed……since + S + V2/ed….
Ex: We have known each other since we worked in this factory
c Các trạng từ: never, ever, just, already thường đứng trợ động từ (has/ have) động từ (V3/ed)
Ex: I have already finished my homework
EXERCISES
Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense:
1 He (practice) _ the piano every day I (believe) you
3 Bob (see) this movie before Jorge (read) the newspaper already Maria (have) _ a cold now
6 He (swim) _ right now
(3)9 John (hate) smoke
10 Jill always (get up) at 6.00 a.m 11 Joan (travel) _ around the world 12 We (not see) _ this movie yet 13 Terry (mow) the lawn yet
14 John and I (be) pen pals for nearly years 15 Maryam (stay) with us at the moment
16 He (wear) _ the same coat since he (move) _ here 17 I (not see) _ your brother recently
18 Listen to those people! What language they (speak) _? 19 It (not rain) much in our country in winter
20 I never (talk) _ to such an interesting person
-Choose the best option that best completes each sentence:
1 Thu and Lan close friends for years
A are B were C had been D have been
2 The children their parents for a long time
A didn’t see B haven’t seen C don’t see D haven’t see 3.The children enjoy with their friends through computers A to chat B chat C chatting D chatted
4 How often you sports? –Twice a week A did-play B have-waited C do-play D did-played In some countries, uniforms is compulsory in schools
A wear B to wear C wearing D wore
6 Vietnamese women _ very proud of their ao dai
A are B were C had been D have been
7) Life _ easier thanks to technology
A is getting B gets C get D are getting 8) I have a friend called Fabrice He from France
A came B come C comes D has come 9) He's her closest friend He _her since they were children
A knew B knows C has known D known 10 The earth _ round the sun
A goes B go C went D has gone
11 English _ in many parts of the world
(4)12 When I came to visit her last night, she _ a bath
A has B was having C is having D had 13 If I had time, I to the beach with you this weekend
A will go B will have gone C would have gone D would go
14 I don't believe a word she says, I think she
A is telling lie B lied C is lying D is laying
15 The students in this class were made _ very hard
A.to learn B learning C having learnt D learn 16 The weather was terrible I wish it _ warmer
A has been B had been C was D were 17 My parents first _ each other at the Olympic Games in 1982
A had meet B met C have met D meet
18 He to New York three times this year
A had been B was C is D has
been
19.Physics mechanics, heat, light, sound and electricity
a.studied d.study c.studys d.studies
20.Mary with her parents .classical music
a.like b.likes c.liking d.dislike
Buæi : Tenses
A Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the use and form of tree tenses : The Past Simple Tense, The Past Progressive Tense, The Past Perfect Tense
- Teaching aids: teaching plan, exercise book
B Procedure:
(5)I The Past Simple Tense
Form to be
- Affirmative: S + V2/ed… S + was/were…… - Negative: S + did + not + V… S + was/were + not… - Interrogative: Did + S + V….? Was/Were + S ….? Use
a Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ xác định rõ thời gian (yesterday, ago, last……, in the past, in 1990)
Ex: - My father bought this house 10 years ago - Mr Nam worked here in 1999
b Diễn tả loạt hành động xảy liên tiếp khứ
Ex: - Last night, I had dinner, did my homework, watched TV and went to bed
- When she came here in 1990, she worked as a teacher II The Past Progressive Tense
Form - Affirmative: S + was/were + V-ing… - Negative: S + was/were + not + V-ing… - Interrogative: Was/Were + S + V-ing….? Use
a Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm khứ Ex: They were playing chess at o’clock yesterday
b Diễn tả hành động xảy có hành động khác xen vào khứ (when, while, as) Hành động xảy dùng
Past Progressive, hành động xen vào dùng Past Simple Ex: - I was studying my lessons when he came
- We saw him while we were walking along the street III The Past Perfect Tense
(6)a Diễn tả hành động xảy trước thời điểm khứ Ex: By the end of last month, she had made skirts
b Diễn tả hành động xảy hoàn thành trước hành động khác khứ (before, after, by the time) Hành động xảy trước dùng Past Perfect, hành động xảy sau dùng Past Simple
Ex: - After Nam had done his homework, he went to bed
- They had lived in Dong Thap before they moved to HCM city THE FUTURE SIMPLE + EXERCISES
The Future Simple Tense
Form - Affirmative: S + will/shall + Vo….
- Negative: S + will/shall + not + Vo… - Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + Vo….?
(will not = won’t; shall not = shan’t) Use
Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai (tomorrow, in the future, next… ), khơng có dự định trước
Ex: It will rain tomorrow Notes
a Trong caâu nghi vấn, dùng Shall I/Shall We… ?
Ex: Shall we go out for a dinner tonight?
b be going + Vo: Diễn tả dự định tương lai Ex: I am going to play volleyball on Sunday EXERCISES
Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense: They (drive) to school tomorrow
2 Gene (eat) dinner when his friend called
3 At three o’clock this morning, Eleanor (study) John (write) his report last night
(7)7 When the teacher (enter) _the room, the students were talking
8 We (hold) _ a soccer match next Sunday Guillermo (call) _ his employer yesterday
10 Jane sent a letter to his university after she (receive) _ her scholarship check
11 The car (flip) ten times before it landed on its roof 12 While Joan was writing the report, Henry (look) _ for more information
13 What you (do) last weekend?
14 Mr and Mrs Ba (take) some beautiful photos a few days ago
15 Her brother (talk) _ to his pen pal on the phone at the moment
16 They (not contact) _ to each other for a long time 17 Nothing (be) done since I moved here
18 I used to walk to school when I (be) _ in primary school
19 He (go) _ to that book shop tomorrow 20 Lan (drink) _ two bottles of water every day
21 She (be) a Vietnamese student She (be) _ born in Ho Chi Minh city She (go) abroad last year to study English She (learn) French before she began to study English She (make) _ great progress since she (get) there Next month, she will take the final exam She (be) _ able to get a good job when she (return) _ to Vietnam
Choose the best option that best completes each sentence The children enjoy _ with their friends through computers
A to chat B chat C chatting D chatted
(8)A didn’t see B don’t see C aren’t seeing D haven’t seen How often _ you _ sports? –Twice a week
A did-play B have-waited C do-play D.did-played How long you for me?-For an hour
A did-waited B do-wait C have-waited D have-wait
6 Since the worldwide recession of the 1990’s, the sail of jeans growing
A stopped B was stopped C was stopping D has stopped In some countries, uniforms is compulsory in schools
A wear B to wear C wearing D wore
8 Vietnamese women very proud of their ao dai
A are B were C had been D have been
9 Vietnamese women can continue _ the unique and fashionable “ao dai”
A to wear B wear C wore D wearing
10 Ba said he _ some good marks last semester
A gets B got C getting D have got
IV Homework :
- Review grammar - Do exercises
Date 3/3/2009
Buæi : Conditional sentences
A Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the use and form of conditional sentences and Wish- structures
- Teaching aids: teaching plan, exercise book
B Procedure:
I. IF CLAUSE : 1. Formula:
(9)1 Future Possible S + Vht + O S + will + V infi
can
may
2 Present Unreal S + V P + O S + would + V infi
could
should
3 Past Unreal
S + had + PP + O
S + would + have + PP could
should 2 Use :
- Type1 : Nó đợc dùng để diễn tả việc xảy tơng lai
- Type 2: Dùng để diễn tả việc xảy
- Type 3: Dùng để diễn tả việc xảy khứ 3 Kinds of exercises:
a If unless: - Unless = if …not ( vị trí ) - phủ định khẳng ñònh
Khẳng định thêm “not” vào mệnh đề Ex: - It you don’t study hard, you’ll fail the graduation exam Unless
b Present unreal in present Examples:
If it rains, I will stay at home
If I were you , I would go on a diet
If I had a lot of money, I would travel all over the world If he had gone to the party, he would have been tired
II. WISH : wish + to –Vo ;wish + clause ( S + wish = If only) Future wish S1+ Wish( that) + S2+ would
2 Present wish S+ wish + S+ V past
(10)S+ wish + S + Had + Pp
* Cấu trúc : S1+ Wish( that) + S2+ would dùngđể diễn tả không vừa lòng với
hiện ớc muốn thay đổi tơng lai: I wish he would answer my letter
I wish they would change the menu I wish they would stop making bombs
* Cấu trúc S+ wish + S+ V past diễn đạt hối tiếc tình
I wish I knew his address
= I’m sorry I don’t know his address I wish you could drive a car
+ wish chuyển sang q khứ mà khơng làm thay đổi giả định cách
* Cấu trúc S+ wish + S + Had + Pp diễn đạt hối tiếc tình khứ
I wish ( that) I hadn’t spent so much money I wished I had taken his advice
II Practice:
Exercise : Put the verbs into correct tenses
1 If I see him I ( give ) him a lift
2 If he ( be ) late, we’ll go without him If I were you , I ( learn ) much harder
4 If he ( work) more slowly, he wouldn’t make so many mistakes What would you if you ( win ) a million dollar
6 If I had realixed that the traffic light were red I ( stop) If I ( have ) a map I would have been all right
8 If I had a computer , I ( chat ) on the net with my friend Unless you are more careful you ( have ) an accident 10.If he (like ) the house , he will buy it
11 I’ll be very angry if he ( make) any more mistakes 12.If he had known the whole story he ( not be) angry 13 He would look a lot better if he ( shave) more often 14.If I were sent to prison, you ( visit) me?
15.Ice ( turn ) to water if you heat it
16.She won’t open the door unless she ( know) who it is 17.He’ll be late for the train if he ( not start ) at once 18 I ( offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill 19.If he had asked you , you ( accept)?
20.If we ( have ) more rain , our crops would grow better * Answers:
1 will give is would learn
4 worked won would have stopped
7 had had would chat will have
10 likes 11 makes 12 would have been
13 shaved 14 would you visit 15 will turn
16 knows 17 doesn’t start 18 would have offered 19 would you have accepted 20 had
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer
(11)A if B unless C or D because Keep silent … they won’t let you in
A if B unless C or D because
3 … there weren’t gravity, everything will float
A If B.unless C or D because
4 If I had time, I to the beach with you this weekend A will go B will have gone C would have gone D would go
5 If I had enough money, _
A I am buy that house B I will buy that house C I could buy that house D I can buy that house If you didn’t this , you punished
A are B will be C should be D would be
7 I wished I .applied for the job
A will B should C had D have
8 I wished so much
A I haven’t eaten B I hadn’t eaten C I not eat D I won’t eat I that coat if I were you
A wouldn’t buy B didn’t buy C don’t buy D won’t buy 10 I don’t know many people I wish I more people
A know B knew C have known D should know
* Answers:
1 B 2.C A D C
6 D C B A 10 B
Exercise 2: Find the word or phrase which is not correct in these sentences If you keep on playing games on computer, I would sell it
A b c d
2 If had I realized how upset she was, I would have given her some advice A B C D
3 What would you have if you were in my position? A B C D
You can’t sell all your wares if you didn’t have them advertised on T.V A B C D
5 I sometimes wish that I will have another car A B C D
(12)7 If I see the sight, I could tell you about that a b c d
8 My children won’t go to bed unless they don’t have some milk
A B C D
* Answers:
1 D A B
4 C C B
7 A B
III Homework:
- Review grammar - Do exercises
Exercises The kids _ that show before
A didn’t see B don’t see C aren’t seeing D haven’t seen How often you sports? –Twice a week
A did-play B have-waited C do-play D did-played How long _ you _for me?-For an hour
A did-waited B do-wait C have-waited D have-wait The kids _ that show before
A didn’t see B don’t see C aren’t seeing D haven’t seen How often _you sports? –Twice a week
A did-play B have-waited C do-play D did-played How long you for me?-For an hour
(13)A comes B to come C came D coming I English here since I graduated from university A teach B taught C have taught D am teaching 10 He used to _full time, but now he is a part time worker
A work B working C worked D is working
11 She asked me where I from
A come B coming C to come D came
12 We _ since we left school
A don’t meet B didn’t meet C won’t meet D haven’t met
13) Where _you yesterday at 3p.m.?
A did B were C was D are 14 He's her closest friend He _her since they were children A knew B knows C has known D known 15 I've looked for my book everywhere, but I still _it
A haven't found B have found C find D didn't found
Date15/3/2009
Buæi : PASsive voice
A Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the use and form of passive voice
- Teaching aids: teaching plan, exercise book
B Procedure: 1. Form:
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S + be V3 + by O
( place + by + time)
2 Use : Câu bị động đợc dùng trờng hợp sau:
- Khi tác nhân gây hành động hay ngời thực hành động không quan trọng ngời nói
- Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào ngời hay vật tiếp nhận hành động
- Khi muốn câu nói mang tính khách quan, không thuộc ngời
3 Tenses: be + V3
a Simple present:
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S + am/ is/ are + PP + By O Ex: She write aletter everyday
> A letter is written by her everyday
b Simple past:
(14)Passive: S + was / were + PP + By O
Ex: He wrote a letter
> A letter was written by him
c Simple future :
Active: S + will + V bare infi + O
Passive: S + will + be + PP + By O Ex: He will write a letter
> A letter will be written by him
d Present continuous:
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S + am/ is/ are + PP + By O
Active: S + am/ is / are + Verbing + O
Passive: S + am/ is/ are + being + PP + By O Ex: He is writing a letter now
> A letter is written by him now e Past continuous:
Active: S + was/ were + Verbing + O
Passive: S + was / were + being + PP + By O Ex: He was writing a letter
> A letter was being written by him
f Present perfect:
Active: S + have / has + PP + O
Passive: S + have / has + been + PP + By O
Ex: He has written a letter
> A letter has been written by him
g Past perfect:
Active: S + had + PP + O
Passive: S + had + been + PP + By O Ex: He had written a letter
> Aletter had been written by him
h Future perfect:
Active: S + Will + have + PP + O
Passive: S + will + have + been + PP + By O Ex: He will have written a letter
> A letter will have been written by him
+ Special verbs:
Active: Passive: can / could can / could
may / might may / might
should / could should / could
will /would will / would
had better had better
ought to + ought to + BE + PP
must / have to must / have to
be going to be going to
used to used to
Ex: Somebody has taken my books away
- My books -2.They are going to widen the road to the
village. The road village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village. village.
(15)_ These
keys -5. John used to visit Mr Cole at weekend
- Mr Cole People speak English in almost every corner of the world. English world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world. world.
-6. it is said that
Actie: Sa + Va + (that) + Sb + Vb + O
Passive:- It + be + Va (V3) + (that) + Sb + Vb + O
- Sb + be + Va(V3) + to+ Vb(Vo) + O
Ex: People say that he is a famous doctor
- It is He is -2 People believed that the earth was square
– The earth It
-3 They think that he has stolen my bike
– He - It -4 They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack
- The president - It
-II Practice :
Exercise 1: Rewrite these sentences without changing their meaning, using passive voice of the sentences:
1 People sometimes call Mercury the morning or evening star – Mercury
-2 They use a computer to that job nowadays
- A computer
-3 The children should not open that parcel
– That parcel
-4 Tommy did not break that chair
– That chair
-5 The postman was bitten by our dog
– Our dog
-6 Someone must keep the patient warm
– The patient
-7 Did they finish the work in time?
- was People believed that fresh air was good for sick people
- Fresh air
Answers:
Mercury is sometime called the morning or evening star A computer is used to that job nowaday
(16)5 Our dog bit the postman
6 The patient must be kept warm Was the work finished in time
8 Fresh air is believed to have been good for sick people
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer
1 your homework finished last night?
A.Was B Did C Are D Do
2 Have you decided to apply the job yet?
A.for B to C into D Off
3 The children _ to the zoo
A were enjoyed taken B were enjoyed taking C enjoyed taking D enjoyed being taken English _ in many parts of the world
A is spoken B is speaking C was spoken D speaks Fortunately no one died in the accident but 20 people were .’ A damaged B injured C spoiled D broken My wedding ring of yellow and white gold
A is made B is making C made D maked References in the exmination room
A not are used B is not used C didn’t used D are not used It is that many people are homeless after the floods
A was reported B reports C reported D reporting The room is being at the moment
A was cleaned B cleaned C cleaning D clean 10 There is somebody behind us I think we are
A being followed B are followed C follow D following
Answers:
1 A A
2. C D
3. A C
4. A B
5. B 10 A
III Homework:
- Review grammar - Do exercises
Date23/3/2009
Buæi : comparative cases
A Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the use and form of comparative cases
- Teaching aids: teaching plan, exercise book
(17)S + V + as +ADJ/ADV + as + ……
This car is as expensive as that one He is as intelligent as his brother
2 Superiority:
a Với từ có âm tiết:
S + V + ADJ/ADV –ER + THAN + ….
He runs faster than I She is nicer than her sister b Với từ có nhiều âm tiết:
S + V + MORE + ADJ/ADV + THAN + ….
Lan is more beautiful than Hoa
Ming dances more gracefully than Lan Superlative:
a Với từ có âm tiết:
S + V + THE + ADJ/ADV + ….
He is the tallest boy in our class Hoa types the fastest of all b Với từ có nhiều âm tiết:
S + V + THE MOST + ADJ/ADV + ….
He is the most intelligent student in this class Peter write the most beautifully iin the class * Irregular adjectives/ adverbs:
+ Good > >
Well > Better > The Best + Bad > >
Badly > Worse > The Worst + Much > >
Many > more > The Most + Far > Farther > The Farthest Further > The Furthest + Old > Older > The Oldest > Elder > The Eldest + Little > less > least
* Đối với tính từ hai âm tiết nhng có tận âm tiết sau áp dụng tơng tự nh tính từ ngắn : er; ow; y; le; et
(18)Narrow > narrower > narrowest Happy > happier > happiest Simple > simpler > simplest Quiet > quieter > quieter
* Tính từ ngắn tận phụ âm, trớc ngun âm nhân đôi phụ âm cuối trớc thêm ER
Hot > hotter Big > Bigger
4.Kinds of exercises: a Superiority - equality
Ex: -This exercise is more difficult than the last one The last exercise isn’t ……… - Sue speaks English more fluently than I
I ………
b Superlative:
Ex: No continent in the world is larger than Asia Asia……… c Ex: This room is smaller than that room
This room isn’t……… Ex: An animal is less intelligent than a human being
A human being isn’t……… My mother cooks better than I
> I can’t cook ……… He is the best football player in our team > Noone ………
II Practice :
Exercise 1: Rewrite these sentences without changing their meanings He drives more carelessly than he used to
– He doesn’t … Mum doesn’t speak English as well as Dad – Dad speaks…… No one in the class is taller than Dave
– Dave……
4 It is more dangerous to ride a motor than to drive a car _ Riding …
5 He sings better than his brother
_ His brother …
(19)1. He doesn’t drive as carefully as he used to
2. Dad speaks English better than Mum
3. Dave is the tallest in the class
4. Riding a motor is more dangerous than riding a car
5. His brother doesn’t sing as well as him
Exercise : Complete each of the sentences, using the comparative or superlative
form of a word from the box.The first one has been done for you
large quiet expensive hard-working crowded comfortable easily good nice narrow healthy
1 Your room looks much larger than mine
2 You’re making too much noise Can you be a bit That is the hotel in the region Do you think you can afford it? The room looks _since you decorated it
5 My parents like the countryside as it’s living in a town
6 There were a lot of students in the library It was than usually You can find your way around if you run a smart car
8 This flat is cheaper but it’s _the other one
9 The path gets _and _as it goes further into the jungle 10.Are girls slightly at exams than boys?
11 My younger brother is much the rest of the family Answers:
1 quieter most expensive
3 nicer more comfortable than more crowded easilier
7 better than narrower/ quieter more hard-working 10 healthier
Exercise 3: Choose the best asnwer
1 Peter is the _student in my class
A taller than B so tall as C the tallest D tallest The economic conditions today are _they were in the past
A much more good B much better than C much better D the best than Jane is not her brother
A more intelligent as B intelligent as C so intelligent as D so intelligent that What is the film you’ve ever seen?
A good B best C better D the best
5 He finished the test of all
A rapidly B the most rapidly C most rapidly D more rapidly The lab is from the bus stop than the library
A far B farther C further D B and C
7 The _accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Freeway A badest B most bad C worse D worst
8 I’ll be there I can
A sooner B no sooner as C as soon as D soonest as
Answers:
1 D 2 B 3 C 4 B
5 B 6 D 7 D 8 C
(20)- Review grammar - Do exercises
Date 7/4/2009
Buæi 6 : REPORTED SPEECH
A Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the use and form of reported speech
- Teaching aids: teaching plan, exercise book
B Procedure:
Có hai cách thuật lại lời người khác noiù: cách trực tiếp cách gián tiếp Trong câu trực tiếp (direct speech), ta nhắc lại nguyên văn lời người nói
- He said : “I have lost my pen.”
Trong câu gián tiếp (indrect speech) hay câu tường thuật (reported speech), ta diễn tả tư tưởng câu người khác nói mà khơng cần lập lại ngun văn câu nói họ
- He said that he had lost his pen.
A Câu phát biểu (statements in reported speech) 1/ Ví dụ :- He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”
He said that he had lost his pen that morning. - She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.” She told him that she would go with him the next day. 2/ Ghi nhớ : muốn đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta phải :
+ Giữ nguyên động từ giới thiệu said đổi said to thành told có túc từ + Bỏ dấu hai chấm (:) ngoặc kép (“…”) thêm liên từ that
+ Thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu… theo qui tắc sau : Ngơi thứ đổi thành thứ chủ từ mệnh đề Ngơi thứ đổi thành ngơi thứ túc từ Ngôi thứ giữ nguyên không đổi
+ Thay đổi động từ câu trực tiếp cách cho lùi khứ bậc Cụ thể sau :
Direct speech Reported speech
- simple present - simple past
(21)- present perfect - past perfect
- simple past - past perfect
- past continuous - past perfect continuous
- present perfect cont - past perfect continuous
- simple future - present conditional (should/would)
- past perfect - unchanged (không đổi)
- perfect conditional - unchanged + Thay đổi số từ thời gian nơi chốn
- now - then
- today / tonight - that day / that night
- tomorrow - the following day / the next day
- yesterday - the previous day / the day before
- next week / month… - the following week / month…
- last week /month… - the week before /the month before…
- the day before yesterday - two days before
- the day after tomorrow - in two days’ time
- ago - before
- tomorrow morning - the following morning
- last Tuesday - the Tuesday before
- right now - at once
- here - there
- this / these - that / those - He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.” He said that he would come there to take that book. - They said to us : “You must this work right now.” They told us that we had to that work at once.
Chú ý :* Khi câu trực tiếp biểu thị tập quán, thật hay chân lý đổi sang câu gián tiếp động từ không thay đổi
- The lecturer said : “The earth moves round the sun.” The lecturer said that the earth moves round the sun.
- The teacher said to them : “The Second World War ended in 1945.”
The teacher told them that the Second World War ended in 1945.
* Khi câu động từ giới thiệu đơn, động từ câu gián tiếp không đổi từ thời gian nơi chốn giữ nguyên
- The doctor says to her : “You will have to stay here until tomorrow.” The doctor tells her that she will have to stay here until tomorrow. B CAÂU HỎI (Questions in reported speech)
1/ Ví dụ :- She said to me : “Do you like swimming ?” She asked me if I liked swimming.
- Tom said : “Has she finished her home work ?”
Tom wanted to know if she had finished her homework.
(22)He asked me why I had come home so late the night before. - Mary said : “ What’s he doing now?”
Mary wondered what he was doing then.
2/ Ghi nhớ :+ Đổi said thành asked (có khơng túc từ theo sau), wondered hay wanted to know (khơng có túc từ).
+ Bỏ dấu hai chấm (:), dấu ngoặc kép (“…”) dấu chấm hỏi (?) giữ lại question-word (như what, where, how…) câu hỏi nội dung (Wh-questions) thêm if (hay whether) câu hỏi có hay khơng (Yes-no questions).
C CÂU MỆNH LỆNH (Commands in reported speech) 1/ Ví dụ :- The teacher said : “Go to the blackboard, John.”
The teacher told John to go to the blackboard. - He said to them : “Don’t be late tomorrow.” He told them not to be late the next day.
2/ Ghi nhớ :+ Đổi said hay said to thành told hay asked buộc phải có túc từ theo sau. + Dùng to để thay cho dấu hai chấm ngoặc kép câu mệnh lệnh xác định dùng not to câu mệnh lệnh phủ định
Tóm tắt Câu gián tiếp (reported speech)
Statements
(Câu phát biểu)
* S + said + (that) + clause * S + told + O + (that) + clause
Commands
(Câu mệnh lệnh)
* S + told + O + to infinitive
* S + told + O + not + to infinitive
Wh-questions (Câu hỏi nội dung)
* S + asked + (O) + wh-… + clause * S + wondered + wh-… + clause * S + wanted to know + wh-… + clause
Yes-no questions (Câu hỏi có không)
* S + asked + (O) + if / whether + clause * S + wondered + if /whether + clause * S + wanted to know + if / whether + clause EXERCISE I : Put into the reported speech :
1/ Tom said : “I want to buy a pocket calculator for my father.”
- _ 2/ She said : “I once spent a summer in this village.”
- _ 3/ The nurse said : “The patient in this room didn’t obey your orders, Doctor.” - _ 4/ They said to me : “You taught us English last year.”
(23)- _ 6/ He said to her : “ I can’t find my hat anywhere in this room.”
- _ 7/ My father said to them : “My secretary is going to finish this job.” - _ 8/ They said : “We can’t meet you here either today or tomorrow.” - _ 9/ My mother said : “I think it won’t rain tomorrow.”
- _ 10/ He said : “Your car has been stolen, John.”
- _ EXERCISE II : Change to the reported speech:
1/ Mr Smith said : “Where are you going on your vacation this year ?” - _ 2/ She said : “Did the mechanis finish repairing your car ?”
- _ 3/ She said : “Why has David been looking so miserable lately ?” - _ 4/ I asked my friend : “Was anyone hurt in the car accident last month ?” - _ 5/ She asked me : “How old are you now ?”
- _ 6/ He said to her : “Have you been to town today ?”
- _ 7/ John said : “How long does it take you to get to London, Mary ?” - _ 8/ The policeman asked the little girl : “What’s your name ?”
- _ 9/ Mr Green said to his secretary : “Who did you talk to a few minutes ago ?” - _ 10/ Paul said : “Can you swim, Mary ?”
- _ EXERCISE III : Turn into the reported speech:
1/ The manager said : “ Come into my office, please.”
- _ 2/ The teacher said ro us : “Don’t make so much noise.”
- _ 3/ Mr.Green said : “Please come to our dinner tonight, Bill.”
- _ 4/ Susan said to Tom : “Don’t call me again at this late hour.”
(24)- _ 6/ The policeman ordered : “Stay where you are and don’t touch anything.” - _ 7/ The old lady said : “Will you please water these flowers for me.” - _ 8/ She said : “Don’t leave your coat on this chair.”
- _ 9/ She said to him : “Don’t speak to me like that and behave yourself.” - _
10/ Peter said : “Would you mind lending me your dictionary till next Monday.” - _
IV Home work: - Review grammar
EXERCISE IV : Rewrite the following sentences:
1/ The flight attendant said : “Don’t forget to fasten your seat belts.”
The flight attendant reminded _ 2/ The policeman said to her : “Show me your driving licence.”
The policeman ordered 3/ He said : “Did you see Mary yesterday ?”
He wanted to know 4/ He said : “Would you mind telling me the time ?”
He told _ 5/ I said to my friend : “When did you buy your new car ?
I asked 6/ My friend said to me : “We have known everything about that.”
My friend told _ 7/ I wondered why there were so many people at the station that day
I said : “ 8/ The teacher asked whether we had found the solution to the problem yet
The teacher asked us: “ _ 9/ He ordered us not to touch anything in that room
(25)Date 12/4/2009
Buæi 7 : RELATIVE CLAUSES ( ADJECTIVE CLAUSE)
A Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the use and form of relative clauses
- Teaching aids: teaching plan, exercise book
B Procedure:
1 Những đại từ quan h
Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ Sở hữu
Thay cho ngêi Who/ That Whom/ That Whose
Thay cho vËt Which Which Of which/ Whose *Example: a) Thay cho ngêi.
+ Làm chủ ngữ ( Who/ That)
Ex: - The boy who/ that sits next to me is very clever - I don’t like the men who/ that dont speak the truth + làm tân ngữ ( Whom/ That)
Ex: - The doctor whom/ that she invited is my brother
- The man whom/ that you are speaking to is my teacher
b) Thay cho vật.
+ Làm chủ ngữ ( Which / That )
Ex: - The pencil which/ that is lying on the table is mine
- You can see the plane which/ that is flying over our head + Làm tân ngữ ( Which / That )
Ex: The flowers which I cut this morning are still fresh
c) ChØ së h÷u ( Whose / Of which )
Ex: Mr X is the barber whose shop is opposite my house I have a chair the leg of which/ whose leg is broken
2 Khi ẩn đợc đại từ quan hệ xác định.
Note: Chỉ ẩn đợc đại từ quan hệ nú lm tõn ng
a)Tân ngữ trực tiếp
Ex: The man ( whom/ that) you see at the door is my friend The flowers ( which/ that) I cut this morning are still fresh
b) Tân ngữ sau giới từ
Ch n đợc giới từ sau động từ mệnh đề tính ngữ Ex: The man ( whom/ that) you are speaking to is my teacher
The picture ( which/ that) you are talking about is very beautiful
Note: Không ẩn đợc giới từ đặt trớc đại từ quan hệ xác định Trong trờng hợp đợc dùng “ whom, which” không đợc thay “ that”
Ex: The man to whom you are speaking is my teacher
The picture about which you are talking is very beautiful
(26)+ Sau tính từ dạng so sánh tuyệt đối + Sau all, any, only, it is
+ Khi từ đứng trớc bao gồm ngời lẫn vật
EX: He is the most courageous man that ever lived All the people that I have met disliked him
Any paper that you read will give you the same story It is the teacher that decides what you read
He is the only boy that can answer all the questions in the test
III) Connective relative pronouns.
* Dùng để nối hai ý câu Ngời ta thờng dùng who which Ex: I met Lan She gave me this
I met Lan and she gave me this = I met Lan who gave me this I bought this map It helped me a lot
=> I bought this map and it helped me a lot = I bought this map, which helped me a lot
* Note: “ Which” đợc dùng để thay cho mệnh đề trớc Ex: He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true We had to sleep in our wet clothes, which was most uncomfortable
IV) Một số điểm khác cần nhớ thêm.
1 Mnh đề tính ngữ bắt đầu bằng: Where, When, Why ( Gọi phó từ quan hệ)
+ When = on, in which ( Thay cho danh tõ chØ thêi gian) Ex: I remember the day when we first met
We will put off the picnic until the next week, when the weather may be better
+ Where = in, on, at, by, over which ( Thay cho danh tõ chØ n¬i chèn) Ex: This is the house where he lived with his parents in his childhood + Why = for which ( Thay cho danh từ nguyên nhân, lÝ do)
Ex: I know the reason why he was so angry
2 Sau same such mệnh đề tính ngữ th“ ” “ ” ờng đợc bắt đầu as.
Ex: She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister usually does I have never heard such stories as he tells
3 “ What” có trờng hợp làm đại từ quan hệ Nó có đặc điểm khơng thay cho danh từ hay đại từ đứng trớc nó, tơng đơng với:
- The thing that ( Cái mà, Điều mà)
- The things that ( Những mà , Những điều mà) Ex: Tell me what you want to know
When she sees what you have done, she will be furious
V) Bµi tËp : RELATIVE CLAUSES – EXERCISES
1 The woman _lives next door is a doctor A who B whom C which D whose The boy _.Mary likes is my son
A who B whom C which D whose The boy _eyes are brown is my son
A who B whom C which D whose The book _is on the table is interesting
A who B whom C which D whose The book _you bought yesterday is interesting
A who B whom C which D whose The table legs are broken should be repaired
(27)A when B where C why D which Sam Son is a beautiful beach _I used to sunbathe
A when B where C which D why Dec 26th, 2005 was the day _the terrible tsunami happened.
A when B where C which D why 10 Sunday is the day _ go to Water Park with my kids
A when B where C why D which 11 Do you know the reason _006 was killed?
A when B where C why D which 12 That was the reason he didn’t marry her
A when B where C why D which 13 An architect is someone _designs buildings
A who B whom C which D whose 14 What was the name of the girl phoned you lastnight?
A who B whom C which D whose 15 What was the name of the girl you phoned lastnight?
A who B whom C which D whose 16 The bed _which I slept was too soft
A in B on C at D for 17 I didn’t get the job _which I applied
A in B on C at D for 18 The man whom she is married has been married twice before A in B on C at D to 19 The party which we went wasn’t very enjoyable
A in B on C at D to 20 Who was that girl _.whom you were yesterday?
A with B on C at D in
21 The flight _which we wanted to travel was fully booked
A in B on C at D for
22 I enjoy my job because I like the people whom I work
A in B on C at D with
23 I wasn’t interested in the things which they were talking
A in B on C at D about
24 The house _which I am living is not in very good condition
A in B on C at D for
25 My brother Jim, lives in Houston, is a doctor
A that B who C whom D which 26 Brad told me about his new job, he is enjoying very much
A that B who C whom D which 27 We stayed at the Grand hotel, Ann recommended to us
A that B who C whom D which 28 My English teacher, .comes from australia, loves computers
A that B who C whom D which 29 This morning I met Diane, _I hadn’t seen for ages
A that B who C whom D which 30 Amy, car had broken down, was in a very bad mood
A that B who C whom D whose 31 Mrs Bond is going to spend a few weeks in Sweden, her daughterlives A when B where C why D that 32 Jack has three brothers, all of _are married
(28)A who B whom C which D that 34 There were a lot of people at the party, only afew of I had met before A who B whom C them D that 35 I have sent them two letters, neither of has arrived
A who B them C which D that 36 John won $20,000, half of _he gave to his parents
A it B whom C which D that 37 Ten people applied for the job, none of were suitable
A who B whom C them D that 38 She couldn’t come to the party, _was perfectly true
A who B it C which D that 39 Jill isn’t on the phone, _makes it difficult to contact her
A which B that C who D it 40 They said they didn’t have any money, was a pity
A which B that C this D it
IV Homework
- Do exercises
- Review grammar
41 I haven’t got a passpost,…………means I can’t leave my country A which B that C this D it 42 He offered to let me stay in his house,…….was very nice of him
A this B which C it D that 43 They didn’t thank us for the meal before they left,…….I thought was very rude of them
A this B which C it D that 44 The part of town where I live is very noisy at night,…………makes it difficult to sleep
A this B where C that D which 45 That is the room…….I used to stay A which B when C where D why
46 That is the supermaket…….I used to buy things A which B when C where D why
47 That is the one………they serve the best food A where B which C when D why
48 Doc Let is the beach………I used to sunbathe A where B which C when D why
49 It was the time…….I had a lot of toy A where B which C when D why
50 Those were the days…………we played truant Trèn häc ['tru: nt]ə A where B which C why D when
51 That was the time………I was unhappy A where B which C why D when
52 That’s the reason………I didn’t come to the meeting last night A where B which C why D when
(29)54 I know a place………there are a lot daffodils Cây thuỷ tiên hoa vàng ['dổf dil]
A where B how C when D why
55 My aunt told me …….I can get very reasonably priced clothes
A when B what C where D how 56 Tom knows………to please the boss so he gets a lot of promotions A when B where C what D how 57 Tom……is a monitor of the class, is also the captain of the football A who B which C whom D whose 58 I saw the man……… owns that car walking towards the shop
A who B which C whom D whose 59 The street ………….leads to my school is very narrow
A who B which C whom D whose 60 Bring me the clock……… is over there A whom B which C whose D who
61 My friend,……….aunt is a nurse, would like to be a doctor someday A who B whom C which D whose 62 Please give this to the beggar……….is at the door
(30)Date 20/4/2009
Buæi 8: PREPOSITIONS
A Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the use and form of prepositions
- Teaching aids: teaching plan, exercise book
B Procedure:
Giới từ (preposition) từ dùng để nối danh từ (noun) đại từ (pronoun) với thành phần khác câu
- He’s been waiting for her since early morning.
[A] : Một số giới từ thời gian thông dụng (Some common prepositions of time)
* AT : Ta dùng at với điểm thời gian (times)
at o’clock at 11.45 at midnight at noon at lunchtime - Tom usually leaves work at o’clock.
Ta dùng at thành ngữ sau:
At night - I don’t like going out at night.
At the weekend / at weekends- Will you be here at the weekend?
At Christmas / at Easter - We give each other presents at Christmas. At the moment / at present - Mr Benn is busy at the moment.
At the same time - Ann and I arrived at the same time. At the age of… - Tom left school at the age of 16 / at 16. * ON : Ta dùng on với ngày tuần (days) ngày tháng (dates)
on March 12th on Friday on Christmas Day
- They got married on March 12th.
* IN : Ta dùng in với khoảng thời gian dài : tháng (months), năm (years), mùa (seasons):
in April in 1968 in (the) winter in the 18th century in the 1970s in the Middle Ages
Ta noùi :
in the morning(s) in the afternoon(s) in the evening(s) - I’ll see you in the morning.(nhöng I’ll see you on Friday morning.)
Ta không dùng at / on / in trước last và next:
- I’ll see you next Friday. - They got married last March.
(31)- The train will leave in a few minutes (= a few minutes from now) - Jack’s gone away He’ll be back in a week (= a week from now.)
- They are getting married in six months.
[B]: Một vài giới từ vị trí thơng dụng (Some common prepositions of position)
* AT : Ta dùng at ta muốn nói có mặt kiện xảy (someone is at an event) :
at a party at a meeting at a conference at a concert at a football match at a cinema - Were there many people at the party?
- I saw Jack at the football match on Saturday.
Chúng ta nói :
at home at university at the seaside in bed
on a farm at work at a station at sea (on a voyage) in hospital at school at an airport in prison
- Julia is studying medicine at university. - Tom’s father is in hospital.
- Have you ever worked on a farm?
* IN : Ta dùng in với thành phố (cities) làng mạc (villages)
- His parents live in London.
- He was born in a small village near Manchester.
Ta thường nói :
in a room in a building in the water in a row /in a line in a garden in a park in the sea in a queue
in a town in a country in a river in an armchair in a picture in a photogragh in a mirror in the sky
in your hand in a newspaper in your hand in the mountain - “Who is that woman in that photogragh ?”
- It was a lovely day There wasn’t a cloud in the sky.
- Don’t sit in that armchair It’s broken.(nhöng Don’t sit on that chair.)
at the top at the end of the street at the back at the bus stop at the bottom at the corner of the street at the frontat the door - Who is that man standing at the door ?
- Write your name at the top of the page.
(32)Nhöng : - The television is in the corner of the room.
on the ceiling on the wall on the floor on a page on a board on a shelf on a chair on your nose on the left on the right on the ground on the beach on an island on the coast on a road on the way - In Britain we drive on the left.(…on the left-hand side.)
- Our flat is on the second floor of the building.
- Tom spent his holiday on a small island off the coast of Scotland. C] : Giới từ theo sau tính từ : (Prepositions following Adjectives.)
Có số tính từ mà theo sau chúng buộc phải có giới từ nhất định (theo cấu trúc Adjective + preposition) Hãy học thuộc lịng các nhóm tính từ :
* nice / kind / good / generous / mean / stupid / silly / intelligent / clever / (im)polite / rude / unreasonable OF someone (to something) :
- Thank you It was very kind of you to help me
- It’s stupid of her to go out without a coat She’ll catch cold
Nhöng : (to be) nice / kind / good / generous / mean/ (im)polite / rude/ (un)pleasant / (un)friendly / cruel TO someone :
- She’s always been very nice to me - Why were you so rude to Ann?
* angry / annoyed / furious ABOUT something
angry / annoyed / furious WITH someone FOR doing something
- What are you so angry about ?
- They were furious with me for not inviting them to the party
* delighted / pleased / satisfied / disappointed WITH something :
- I was pleased with the present you gave me
- Were you disappointed with your examination results?
* bored / fed up WITH something :
- You get bored with doing the same thing every day
* surprised / shocked / amazed / astonished AT / BY something
- Everybody was very surprised at the news
* excited / worried / upset ABOUT something :
(33)EXERCISE I : Put in the correct prepositions: at, on or in.
1/ The course begins January and ends 10 March 2/ I went to bed _ midnight and got up 6.30 the next morning 3/ Mozart was born Salzburg 1756
4/ There are usually a lot of parties New Year’s Eve
5/ Mary and Henry always go out for a meal _ their wedding anniversary 6/ The price of electricity is going up October
7/ I might not be at home the morning Can you phone _ the afternoon ? 8/ Tom doesn’t see his parents very often these days – usually only Christmas and sometimes the summer for a few days
9/ Tom’s grandfather died 1977 the age of 79 10/ I’m going out to some shopping I’ll be back half an hour 11/ The doorbell and the telephone rang the same time
12/ Do you fancy going to the cinema Friday night ? 13/ Hurry up We’ve got to go five minutes
14/ Are you doing anything special the weekend ?
15/ Carol got married 17, which is rather young to get married
EXERCISE II : Complete these sentences with in, at or on.
1/ Turn left the traffic lights
2/ You’ll find the cups the top shelf
3/ It can be dangerous when children play football the street 4/ We got stuck in a traffic jam the way to the airport
5/ Ann’s brother lives _ a small village _ the south coast of England 6/ Paris is the river Seine
7/ Do you take sugar your coffee ?
8/ Mr Brown’s office is the first floor When you come out of the lift, it’s the third door your left
9/ Look at those beautiful horses that field
10/ I’ll meet you the corner of the street 10 o’clock
IV Homework
(34)- Review grammar
11/ I can’t find Tom this photogragh Is he it ?
12/ You’ll find the sports results the back page of the newspaper 13/ I didn’t see you the party Saturday Where were you ?
14/ Tom’s ill He wasn’t work today He was home bed
15/ I haven’t seen Ken for some time I last saw him Dave’s wedding
16/ Paul is a student London University
17/ The exhibition the art gallery finished Saturday afternoon
18/ What time did you arrive London ?
19/ When we arrived London Station, there was a long queue outside
20/ He speaks quite good French He studied Paris for a year
EXERCISE III: Supply the correct prepositions.
1/ It’s very nice you to let me use your car Thank you very much
2/ Why are you always so rude your parents ? Can’t you be nice them ?
(35)4/ I don’t understand people who are cruel animals 5/ Why you always get so annoyed little things ?
6/ The people next door are annoyed us making so much noise last night
7/ We enjoyed our holiday but we were rather disappointed the hotel
8/ I was surprised the way he behaved It was quite out of character
9/ She doesn’t often go out at night She’s afraid the dark 10/ I’ve been trying to learn Spanish but I’m not satisfied my progress
11/ Jill starts her new job on Monday She’s quite excited it
12/ I was shocked what you said You should be ashamed yourself
13/ Did you know that Linda is engaged a friend of mine ? 14/ I had never seen so many people before I was astonished the crowds
15/ Bill has been doing the same job for too long He’s bored it
(36)18/ She’s quite nice but I wouldn’t like to be married her 19/ I’m hopeless repairing things
20/ I’m not very good tennis
21/ I’d rather not go to an Indian restaurant I’m not very keen Indian food
22/ I’m sorry the smell in this room It’s just been painted 23/ The police are responsible maintaining law and order 24/ Ann is very fond her younger brother
25/ Britain certainly isn’t famous its food
26/ This place is always very lively at night It’s usually crowded people
27/ That man’s very honest He isn’t capable telling a lie 28/ Our house is similar theirs – I think ours is a bit larger 29/ I felt sorry the children when we went on holiday.It rained very hard and we had to spend most of the time indoors
30/ Bill and I come from the same town but my accent is different his
EXERCISE IV : Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions :
(37)3 We are pleased the result of our work We are confident the success
5 Most people are afraid snakes
6 Our country is rich natural resources Hue city is famous its historical vestiges My mother is always busy her housework Dirty air is harmful our health
10 We are proud our people’s heroic tradition 11 The teacher’s advice is profitable the students 12 The streets are crowded vehicles at the rush hour 13 The climate of our city is favourable agriculture 14 The air at the seaside is good health
15 My friend is good maths and physics 16 John is skilful dancing
17 This opportunity is lucky us
18 I’m not accquainted those fellows
(38)21 My home is far school 22 He is sad his son’s laziness
23 Many young people want to be independent their parents 24 We are grateful our teacher
25 I’m interested current events 26 Your profession is similar mine 27 This chemical is dangerous humans 28 This work is not suitable him
29 Her voice sounds familiar me 30 This student is eager study 31 My house is next the post office 32 This man is greedy fame
33 I was absent class yesterday 34 Children are fond candies
35 The beach is full tourists in summer 36 We are present the lecture yesterday
(39)39 He is friendly everybody
40 This sweater will keep your safe the cold
Date 25/4/2009
Buæi 9: GERUNDS & INFINITIVES
A Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the use and form of GERUNDS & INFINITIVES
- Teaching aids: teaching plan, exercise book B Procedure:
(40)Danh động từ có cấu trúc giống phân từ ( tức động từ thêm ING) : talking, learning, cutting, lying…
Danh động từ, tên gọi, động từ dùng danh từ Danh động từ chủ yếu đứng vị trí, thực chức năng, danh từ câu Nó thường :
1/ Dùng làm chủ từ : (subject)
- Swimming is good for our health - Being friendly will bring you friends
2/ Dùng làm túc từ cho động từ : (object of a verb) - These boys like swimming.
- My brother practises speaking English every day
3/ Dùng làm bổ ngữ cho chủ từ : (subject complement) - My hobby is swimming.
- Seeing is believing.
4/ Dùng làm túc từ cho giới từ : (object of a preposition) - He is fond of swimming.
- She is interested in learning English
5/ Dùng câu ngăn cấm ngắn (short prohibition) để thành lập danh từ kép (compound noun)
- No smoking. - No talking, please
- a swimming pool - a dining room - a washing machine
6/ Dùng sau tính từ sở hữu :
- Please forgive my coming late
- His driving carelessly often causes accidents
7/ Dùng sau số động từ số cách diễn đạt định như : admit, advise, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, finish, hate, keep, like, mind, practise, postpone, quit, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand, be worth, be busy, it’s no use, there’s no…
- We enjoy listening to music
- I can’t help laughing when she makes jokes
B ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU : (Infinitive)
Động từ nguyên mẫu thường có giới từ to đứng trước (to do, to learn, to help,to advise…) dùng trường hợp sau :
(41)- To conceal the truth from her was foolish - He wanted to become a spaceman
- What he asked for is to be left alone
2/ Làm tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ :
- He was the first man to leave the room - English is an important language to master. 3/ Làm trạng từ diễn tả nội dung sau :
* Mục đích hành động.
- He went to the station to meet her - He bought a dictionary to study English * Kết quả, hậu quả. (sau TOO +Adj / Adv)
- She is too tired to go for a walk
- The box was too heavy for her to carry.
* Hiệu quả (sau Adj / Adv + ENOUGH)
- I’m strong enough to carry that heavy box
- He isn’t rich enough to travel everywhere by taxi
4/ Dùng sau số động từ định : afford, agree, arrange, decide, demand, expect, fail, hope, intend, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise,refuse, threaten, want, wish, would like…
- They promised to come back soon - He can’t afford to take a taxi
…và dùng sau số động từ có túc từ (verb + obj + to inf) : advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, help, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, want, warn…
- They don’t allow us to smoke in the office - I taught myself to play the guitar
+ Chú ý : Một số động từ theo sau danh động từ động từ nguyên mẫu có khác biệt nghĩa câu
(*) Remember + gerund : nhớ lại việc thực - I remember posting the letter
Remember + to infinitive : nhớ để thực - I remember to post the letter
(*) Stop + gerund : ngưng thực việc làm - She stopped mending the dress
(42)(*) Try + gerund : thử làm việc
- I try writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better
Try + to infinitive : coá gắng làm việc - They tried to work as hard as they could
(*) Mean + gerund : mang ý nghóa
- Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year
Mean + to infinitive : dự định làm việc - He means to take the coming exam
(*) Forget + gerund : quên điều xảy - I forgot telling her this story
Forget + to infinitive : quên làm điều - I forgot to tell her about this
(*) Regret + gerund : hối tiếc việc xảy - She regrets going to a village school
Regret + to infinitive : hối tiếc làm việc
- The party was great He regretted not to go there
C ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KHÔNG “TO”. (Bare Infinitive)
Đây động từ nguyên thể không kèm với to (infinitive without to) sử dụng trường hợp sau :
1/ Dùng sau động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs) : can, could, may, might, must, ought to…
- You may go now
- They must finish the work by now
2/ Dùng sau động từ : HAVE, LET, MAKE, HELP…
- I helped the child tidy his desk - He had a painter paint the gate
- They let him enter the room without a ticket - My parents make me go to bed early
3/ Dùng sau BUT, EXCEPT với nghĩa “ngoại trừ”
- Why don’t you anything but complain?
- She agreed to everything but help him with the homework
4/ Dùng sau động từ giác quan : see, watch, hear, notice, observe, spot…
(43)Chú ý : ta biết phân từ (present participle) dùng cho động từ để diễn tả hành động tiếp diễn Còn động từ nguyên thể dùng trường hợp hành động hoàn tất
- I watched them playing football for a while (trận đấu tiếp diễn)
- I watched them play football yesterday afternoon (xem toàn trận đấu)
EXERCISE I :Supply the correct form of the verbs :
1/ Could I (see) _ Mr Brown, please ?
2/ He told me (try) _ (come) _ early 3/ I wanted her (learn) _ English
4/ Will you (help) _ me (move) _ this desk ? 5/ Please (let) _ me (know) _ your opinion
6/ Would you like (paint) _ your bike or should I (have) _ a painter (do) _ it for you ?
7/ He warned me (not come) _ late
8/ There’s noone (tell) _ what might (happen) _
9/ Did you (see) _ Tom (try) _ (reach) _ the top of the dresser
10/ We had to (ask) the students (stop) _ (make) so much noise
Answers:
1 see to try/ to come to learn help/move
5 let/ know to paint/ have/ done not to come
8 telling/ happen see/ trying/ to reach 10 ask/ to stop/making
EXERCISE II :Use the correct verb form :
1/ The children are busy (collect) _ shells on the beach
2/ The teacher promised (help) _ us (prepare) for the examination 3/ We regret (say) _that the lecture was dull and wasn’t worth (listen) _ to
(44)8/ He advised me( consider) all the facts before (decide) (accept) _ the job
9/ They refused (allow) us (go) _ in without (sign) the book 10/ My uncle used to (show) _ me where (go) and what (buy)
Answers:
1 collecting to help/ prepare saying/ listening denying/ listening boiling/ frying/ cooking
6 asking/ to lend to finish/ writing 8.toconsider/deciding/to accept
EXERCISE III : Rewrite the following sentences.
1/ Would you close the door, please ?
- Would you mind _ ? 2/ They didn’t allow us to smoke in here
- They didn’t let _ 3/ My teacher advised buying that book
- My teacher advised us _ 4/ The thief forced the bank manager to lie on the ground
- The thief made _ 5/ He has studied English for six years
- He began 6/ It is necessary to master English
- Mastering 7/ He spent two hours writing the essay
-It took _ 8/ He is too young to ride a motorbike
-He isn’t 9/ The bag was so heavy that she couldn’t carry it upstairs
- The bag was too _ 10/ He expects to hear from her as soon as possible
- He is looking forward _
IV Homework
- Do exercises
- Review grammar
Date 29/4/2009
(45)A Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the pronunciation of some sounds in English
- Teaching aids: teaching plan, exercise book B Procedure:
1 Cách đọc tận s“ ”
Danh từ số đổi sang số nhiều thêm s hay es Tận es hay s đọc là/ iz/ /s/ hay/ z/ tuỳ theo âm đI trớc chúng
a Tận s đọc /iz/“ ”
* Nếu danh từ số tận s, x, sh, ch, số nhiều thêm “es ” đọc /iz/ Ex: A class - classes /iz/
A box - boxes A brush - brushes A watch - watches
(+) Note: a mornarch - monarchs: vua
* Nếu danh từ số tận –ce,- se, ge số nhiều chí thêm “s” đọc / iz/
Ex: a sentence - sentences A house - houses
A rose - roses
A page - pages
b Tận s đọc /s/:“ ”
* Nếu danh từ tận p, pe đọc là/ p/; tận –f, -fe, -ph, -gh đọc là/f/; tận –t, -te đọc /t/, tận –k, -ke đọc /k/, số nhiều thêm “s” Tận “ ” đọc là/ s s/
Ex: a cap - caps
A chief - chiefs A paragraph - paragraphs
A hat - hats
A book - books
A lake - lakes
(+) Note: Nh ta thấy, nhiều tiếng phần tận es Nhng danh từ tận E câm, nên đọc /p, f, t, k/ Do tận “s”đọc /s/ Ngi ra, chữ s tính từ tận ous; ious đọc /s/
Ex: famous; curious
c Tận s đọc /z/“ ”
Ex: a bee - bees
A sea - seas
A mountain - mountains A river - rivers /z/
(+) Nhiều tiếng tận o thêm es, tiếng tận y sau phụ âm đổi thành Ies Tận es đọc /z/
Ex: a potato - potatoes /z/ A tomato - tomatoes/z/ A fly - flies/z/
(+) Đặc biệt: đọc tận /s/ áp dụng cho: - Danh từ số tận “s”
Physics Series
- §éng tõ ë ngôI thứ số tại: Classes (v): phân loại
(46)2 Cỏch c tn ed“ ”
a Sau âm /t/ hay /d/, tận “ ed” đọc /id/
Wanted united
Needed divided
b Sau chữ (p), ( f; ph; gh) , ( s; x; ce), ( sh), (ch), (k) tận ed đọc /t/
to stop - stopped to laugh - laughed to miss - missed
to mix - mixed
to watch - watched
c Ngoài ra, tận “ed” đọc /d/ Nh vậy, trờng hợp “ed” đợc đọc /d/
To open - opened To close - closed To soil - soiled (*) Chó ý:
- Một số tính từ tận “ed” luôn đọc là/ id/ /d/ “ed” sau âm gì:
Crabbed / id/ Crooked/ id/ Learned / id/ Unmatched / d/
- Đặc biệt tiếng aged đọc / id/ đI trớc danh từ, đọc là/ esd-d/ đI sau danh từ hay sau verb be:
His father is an aged/ eidjid/ man ( ngêi cao niªn) They have one daughter aged/ eidjd/ seven (
He was aged/ edjd/ two when his father died ( độ tuổi)
II Exercises:
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently
1 A eliminate B elephant C endanger D erosion
2 A worked B stopped C watched D visited
3 A peasant B please C reason D ease
4 A waited B mended C invited D faced
5.A traveled B stared C landed D fastened
6.A occupation B college C comfortable D knowledge
7.A determined B researched C obtained D harbored
8.A mingling B simplicity C variety D difficulty
9.A insect B.apes C seal D whales
10.A forest B resort C reason D visit
11.A summary B multiply C subtract D instruction
12.A brushed B punched C pumped D stimulated
13.A mankind B cancer C alcohol D survival
(47)15.A communicat B mistakes C complains D develops
16.A manages B laughs C photographs D makes
17.A eight B weight C height D freight
18.A contribute B tiny C disaster D investigate
19.A nature B native C natural D nation
20 A compete B decide C announce D
necessary
21 A different B world C disaster D practiced
22.A of B off C profile D prefer
23.A defeat B dead C leader D
pleasing
24.A involved B offered C outnumbered D helped
25.A dishes B oranges C experiences D chores
26.A romantic B private C marriage D attract
27 A fills B adds C stirs D lets
28 A clapped B noted C deleted D confided
29.A furious B butter C culture D multiple
30.A welfare B effort C longevity D secure
31A heat b great c beat d break
32a blood b pool c food d tool
33a preserve b sack c reason d poison
34a property b access c possession d American
35 a carry b Sky c type d
Hydropower
36 a house b hour c high d how
37 a breathe b breath c sea d seat
38 a stopped b ordered c prepared d defined
39 a book b good c look d blood
40 a great b head c break d came
41a Africa b access c ache d man
42 a Cat b certain c cook d Canadian
43a Respect b send c set d then
44a Good b book c, flood d look
45a Brain b lamb comb d climb
46a Property b access c possession d American
(48)48a Decide b vivid c provide d life 49a Looked b united c stopped d missed 50a Particular b park c smart d hard
51a Job b chosen c chop d pot
52a Smooth b book c look d good
53a Both b month c smooth d think
54a Tolerated b needed c collected d looked
55 a Child b ill c wild d nice
56a Nature b mature c picture d future
57a Friendly b pretty c type d study
58a Although b this c that d thing
59a Over b problem c know d low
60a Stopped b ordered c prepared d defined
61a Desire b noisy c sugar d present
62a Chin b school c watch d catch
63a Card b car c part d apparent
64a There b chair c clear d hair
65a School b moon c cool d door
66a Pays b says c stays d plays
67a Happen b women c moment d appointment
68a Although b brought c thought d ought
69a Clap b cat c land d tolerate
70.a shoes b shell c send d sure
71 a purchase b chemistry c choose d cheap
72specific b course c cancel d circumstance
73 a calculus b unit c use d computer
74 a happy b multiply c pretty d.daily
75 a.some b come c.lost d.among
76 a.cry b.reply c.sky d.happy
77 a.billboard b.hill c.since d.sign
78 a.cooked b.stopped c.finished d.visited
79 a.specific b.spell c.director d.edit
80 a.take b cake c.radius d.spark
81 a.added b subtracted c omitted d stopped 82 a.mathematics b mumps c counts d houses
(49)84a.three b marathon c without d thank
85a.mice b.practice c.device d.advice
86a.beam b.comb c.black d.bomb
87a.heart b.health c.feather d.fellow
88a.deliver b.milk c.die d.military
89a.material b.cancer c.teacher d.interact