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Dgc bidt, chi ed mdt sd lang du lich tgi Ldm Ddng ldy cam hdng td kidn true tmydn thdng dupe xep hgng 3 sao, cdn Iai tat cd cde dia didm dang dupe dia phuang lya ehpn lam didm phat t[r]
(1)TAP CHi KHQA HQC DAI HQC V A N LANG Hd Thi Thanh Nh^n BAO TON KIEN TRUC TRUYEN THONG TAY NGUYEN TRONG QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN DU LICH DJA PHlTOfNG
CONVERSE TA YNGUYEN TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL TOURISM
Hd THf THANH NHANO TOM TAT: Bdi viet khdi qudt nhirng gid tri ca bdn cda cdc logi hinh kien true truyen thdng tiiu bieu a Tdy Nguyen, sa luge vi thyc trgng cdc logi hinh kiin trdc ndy boi cdnh hpi nhgp, dong th&i ehi nhiing tiim nang khai thdc du Hch dia phuang dya trin cdc kiin trdc tiiu bieu, dgc sac nhdt cua mgt sd ddn tgc dia phucmg Bin cgnh do, bdi viit gi&i thiiu mpt sS ea s& kinh doanh du Hch dia phuang, qua phdn tich mot so kho khdn cda du lich cgng dSng & Tdy Nguyen hi^n vd thie di xudt hu&ng khdc phuc Tu khoa: kiin trac truyin thSng Tdy Nguyin, nhd RSng, nhd ddi, nhd mS, E De, Gia Rai, BaNa, Mndng
ABSTRACT: The paper has outlined principal values of typical traditional architectural forms in Tay Nguyen, summarized the reality of such in the context of integration, pointed out potentials in local tourism exploitation base on the most typical and distinctive architectures of local ethnic groups Besides, it also introduces some local tourism businesses, from that, analyses difficulties of Tay Nguyen community tourism at this moment and suggest solutions to overcome
Key words: Tay Nguyen traditional architecture, communal house, long house, sepulchre, E Di, Gia Rai, Ba Na, MnSng
1 KHAI QUAT VE KIEN TRUC E Dd, Mndng, Ca ho, Mg, Chu Ru) cd Hch TRUYDN THONG T A Y NGUYEN sd cu tm lau ddi, tiiy nhidn kidn tiiic tmydn
Nhin chung, kidn true ttong mdi ngdi thdng dupe biet den thudng ehi Id eua lang tmydn thdng cda ede dan tpc Tay nhung nhdm dan tpc ddng dan hon cd, nhu Nguydn cd thd dupe chia thdnh ba nhdm ngudi Ba Na, Gia Rai d phia Bde (Gia Lai, dua theo myc dich su dung, gdm: nha d, Kon Tum), ngudi E De d phia Nam (Ddk nhd cpng ddng va nhd md, ngoai cdn cd Ldk) Didu nhidu nguyen nhan, chdi rdy, kho thdc nhung quy md nhd vd it ttong cd nguyen nhdn quy md dan sd vd ddc trung Tdy Nguyen gdm tinh (Gia muc dp dn dinh eua nai eu tin Lai, Kon Tum, Dak Ldk, Dak Ndng, Ldm Theo mdt nghien edu vdo ndm 1994 Ddng), vdi 11 dan tde ban dia (Gia Rai, Ba [2], tiidi gian djnh cu cua cdc ldng ddn tde d Na, Xa Dang, Gid Trieng, Brau, Ra Mam, Tdy Nguyen chia tiianh ba cdp dp: Nhdm di
(2)TAP CHl KHOA HQC DAI HQC V A N LANG S6 03 / 2017 CU nhidu nhat Id nhung ddn tde eo dan sd it,
canh tde rdy ttdn nhiing dja bdn nhieu sdi da, bgc mdu, dinh cu khdng qud 10 nam; Nhdm cd ddn sd trung binh di cu it ban, eanh tdc tren nhiing dia hinh thoai thoai, quy ddt ddi dao, kha mau md, didn hhih la cdc nhdm ngudi Ba Na d huydn An Khd, huyen Khang (Gia Lai), "trong d&i ngu&i Ba Na & vung
An Khi, Kbang thu&ng phdi chimin ldng 3-4 ldn !-4;; Nhdm ddn cu dn dinh nhdt eanh tdc
Ida nude hodc lam rdy tien nhiing vung ddt bdng rdng ldn, didn hinh la ngudi Gia Rai, E Dd, nhdm Ba Na-Kon Tum va nhdm Mndng-Rldm Budn lang eda hp ddng ddc, nha cda khang ttang, chdc chdn, ndu cd rdi ehuyen thi tiiudng chi vi ly tm nguang
"Cd nhimg ngu&i Ba Na a Kon Tum cd d&i ehua bao gi&phdi chuyen ldng" [2] "Buon Anur cua ngiKti E Di tinh din ndm 1975 da tdn tgi dugc trin 100 ndm" [2] Budn ndy
hien van cdn d Huydn Krdng Pdk ^ a k Ldk) va dd trd thdnh mpt dia didm du ljch van hda ndi bat eda dia phuong
Trong ngdn ngfl Tdy Nguydn, theo nhom ddn toe, lang cdn dupe gpi Id palai,
palei, bon, bSn, buSn, Lang eua ngudi E
Dd tdn tgi dn dinh nhat so cac dan tdc tai ddy, kien trdc nhd d cda hp cung kien cd ban nhdm tdn tgi qua nhidu thd hd Ngudi E Dd ed tuc 1^ mdi ttai gdi kdt hdn se vd chung sdng d nhd dang vp, ngdi nhd lai dupe ndi thdm mpt budng, hp sinh de cai, ngdi nhd cua ddng hp me ed the ma ddi thdm mai Ngdi nhd ndy chia tiidnh hai phdn, phia tiardc la Gah, la nai sinh boat chung, cd bdp sudi, bep nau, cd cdng chieng, trdng da ttdu, hdng ept mpn, nhiing chide ghd ddc mdc K'pal rdt dai ddng de tidp khach va thyc hidn cac nghi Id; phdn
sau gpi la Ok, chia nhidu budng nhd dpc theo hanh lang, dupe ngan bdi phen tte, ddnh cho timg cap vp chdng vd phdng cua cac cd gai ldn, rieng ttai chua vp thi ddm ngu d nha Rdng Ngudi E Dd theo ehd dd mhx he, eon gai ldy chdng, re ve d ehung vdi dgi gia dinh ben vp, ngdi nha lai tiep tuc dupe ndi ddi Ndp sdng tinydn thdng nhu tten gdp phdn ly gidi vi cac dan tdc khac chi cd kidu nha sdn dan Id nhung ngudi E Dd lai ndi tidng vdi nhflng ngdi nhd ddi hang tidm met nhu md td ttong Tradng ca Dam San: "Nhd ddi nhu
tiing chieng ngdn "
Nhd d cua ngudi Gia Rai vd ngudi Ba Na kha nhd, ttang tn don gidn, nhung hp lai cd nidm ty hao vd nhung mai nhd Rdng hinh luai bda cao vdt ttdn ndn ttdi, day la edng trinh quan ttpng nhdt ludn dupe hodn thdnh dau tidn ldp ldng Nha md eda hp cung ndi bat nhdt ttong vung vdi nhieu chi tidt dieu khdc tten kidn true vd tupng gS, chi tiet dan lat tten mdi tinh xdo, dep mdt Ngudi Xa Dang ciing cd nha Rdng mdi cao nhung nhd md thi khdng da dgng bdng Ngudi Gie Trieng lgi ed kieu nha Rdng cd mai hinh mu rua vdi hai dau hoi bo ttdn, trdn mai ed ehi tiet tiang tri hinh cgp simg ttau Rieng ngudi Mndng co kieu nha ttdt vdi bp mai hinh ndn lap cd ttanh day d ^ Day la kieu kien true dia phuong nhat dupe biet den tgi Tay Nguydn khdng cd sdn nang eao khdi m^t dat nhu tdt cd nhiing ddn tpc cdn lai, ly Id vi ngudi Mndng cu trd chd ydu d khu vyc ven Hd Lak (Ddk Lak), nai dja hinh bdng phdng, tdm nhin rdng rai va quang dang
(3)TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC V A N LANG Hd Thi Thanh Nhin
mdi Tuy nd luc bdn bi, nhung cdc co quan quan ly van hda, cde bdo tdng dia phuong va tiling uang vdn ehi cd the gift lai dupe nhiing hidn vdt nho, hoac tdi tao bdi cdnh sinh hogt ttong cdc le h^i vdn hda, ridng cac kidu thde kidn true tmyen thdng dja phuang qua phong phd vd da dgng, rdt kho bdo tdn luu giu day dd
2 KIEN TRUC T R U Y I ; N THONG TAY NGUYEN TRONG B I C A N H HQI N H ^ P
Su mai mpt cda cdc kidu thdc kidn true traydn thdng Tay Nguyen nhu ngdy la he qua cda ca mot qud trinh rdt Idu ddi chiu tae dpng bdi nhidu nguyen nhdn, ttong hai nguyen nhdn chu ydu Id sy thay ddi tin nguong - tdn giao vd sy phdt ttien vd nhidu mgt cua kinh te - xd hOi
Tdn giao ddu tidn xam nhdp vdo mien ddt la Cdng giao, bdt ddu td chuydn di tham ndm 1850 Trong sudt 50 ndm cudi thd ky XIX, Cdng giao vdn quanh qudn ttong vung ddt cda ngudi Gia Rai, cde giao sT phai tim each md rOng phgm vi tiuyen dgo sang cdc dan tpc khde Tinh ddn ndm 1954, "sS tin dd cdng gido & vitng Ba Na
khodng 10.000 ngu&i, viing Xa Ddng khodng 8.000 ngu&i [6] Khu vyc eua
ngudi Gia Rai tidp xdc vdi Cdng gido ddu tien nhung sue lan tda lgi rat cham Thdng ke nam 1954 eho thay, "& viing ngu&i Gia
Rai, sd tin dS Cdng gido chi chiem khodng 15% ddn sd" [6], ddn ndm 1999 eon sd ndy
van ehi dat khodng 15.000 ngudi tiong tong sd tin dd Cdng giao tai Tdy Nguydn da ldn ddn 635.615 ngudi [4] Nam 2009, sd tin dd Cdng gido tgi Tdy Nguydn Id 1.707.287 ngudi [5] Nhu vgy, chi vdng 10 nam dau thd ky XXI, sd lupng tin
dd mdi gia nhdp Cdng gido tai Tdy Nguyen da gdp ddi tdng sd gido ddn thu ngp sudt 150 ndm rdng kd tu Cdng giao ddn midn ddt ndy
Dgo Tin Lanh vao Vidt Nam mudn hon (1911), gdn 20 ndm sau mdi bdt ddu len Tdy Nguydn, ca sd truydn gido ddu tien d§t tai Da Lgt ndm 1929, sau tai Budn Ma Thudt nam 1934 Giai doan ddu, tin dd Tin Lanh d Tdy Nguydn hdu hdt la ngudi E De, td ndm 1954 tdn giao lan ve phia Bde, tidp cdn cdc dan tdc cdn lgi Sau nam 1975, dgo Tin Ldnh cd giai dogn phat trien rdt chdm Nam 1999, sd tin tten toan Tay Nguyen la 244.769 ngudi, tap ttung nhieu nhdt van d tinh Dak Lak (113.120 ngudi, ehidm ban 46%) Nam 2001, Hdi thdnh Tin Lanh Vi^t Nam chinh thdc dupe cdng nbgn, edc ca sd truydn gido d Tdy Nguyen bat ddu boat ddng tid lai Nam 2004, tten toan Tdy Nguydn cd 286.219 tin dd Tin Lanh, ndm 2005 tdng ldn 301.149 tin dd, ttong ed 282.799 tin dd la ngudi ddn tdc thieu sd ehidm 93,9%, phdn ldn vdn la ngudi E Dd [6]
Sde anh hudng cda Cdng gido vd dgo Tin Lanh cang lan tda sdu rpng, pham vi cda tin ngudng truydn tiidng cang thu h?p lgi, td dd kidn true nha md lien quan true tidp ddn tin ngudng, hoac kidn true nha Rdng la nai td chdc cac nghi thde tin ngudng thd than ddu bi tdc ddng ddn den nguy ca tan lyi
2.L Ki^n trdc nhd md
(4)TAP CHI KHOA HQC PAI HQC V A N LANG S6 03 / 2017 nhd mS Tdy Nguyen la nghi thugt tgo lap
Ididng gian, Id ngh$ thudt su- dmg chdt lieu, la nghe thugt tong hgp cde logi hinh nghe thudt khdc nhau, la nghi thugt phdi hgp ti li, nhip ^leu vd mdu sdc giiea cdc thdnh phdn kiin tnic v&i di tgo mgt tdc pham nghi thugt thong nhdt, hodn hdo vd dpc ddo " [1] Tuy nhidn, vd gid tri vgt chat,
khae vdi cdc kien true tdn giao khae thudng hudng ddn sy tmdng ton, nha md Tay Nguyen dupe tgo tac ehu ydu bang gd khdng qua xd ly dp dm va mdi mpt, khdng ehu trpng vd chung logi hay tudi ddi eua gd, vi vdy kien true xudng cap rat nhanh chdng bi bd mac giiia thien nhien Vd gid tti tinh thdn, nhd nghien euu Ngd Van Doanh ciing khang dinh: "nhd md chi co y
nghia sic dung nhiing ngdy ldm le bd md (tic din ngdy) cho nin nd chi phdt huy hit hiiu qud nghe thudt cua minh nhicng ngdy do" [1] Ndi each khdc, neu tin
ngudng ttuyen thdng mat di, kidn true nhd md cho du dupe suu tdm bdo qudn can than Cling se chi cdn la cac hien vdt dd "ddng bdng" cac bao tang, hogc dupe tai hidn nhu mdt loai hinh nghd thudt ttinh didn ttong edc Id hpi van hda du lich
Tac gid dd tidn hdnh nhieu cudc didn da cac khu nha md ven thdnh phd Pleiku (Gia Lai) ttong khodng tii ndm 2009 ddn Thye td cho thdy, mat dd nha md vd tupng md ngdy cdng thua thdt Ve dge trung tao hinb, kidn true vdn theo kieu dang cu va cac dd tai ttang tti vdn dupe giu lgi nhung vdt lieu va phuong phap tgo tac truyen thdng hdu nhu khdng cdn, nhiing chi tidt dac sdc nhdt nhu nhung manh gd day cham cdnh sinh boat thudng gdn tten ndc mdi dupe cdt bdng tdn mdng ,
hang rao gd dupe thay thd bang tudng xay, tupng md kha hidm hoi, xen ke vdi nha md Id nhung ngdi md Cdng giao Ngay nay, vdn cdn mot sd gia dinh td chuc Id bd md nhung quy md rat nhd, nghe thudt kien true, dieu khde, dan lat, mua rdi, mua tsoang, tha ca le ciing khdng cdn dac sac nhu xua Rieng nghe thugt dieu khde tupng md dang dupe cac co quan van hda dia phuang nd lye giu gin va phat huy bang each md cac Idp eho nghe nhan tmyen dgy, td chdc nhihig eupe thi tgc tupng, tridn lam hidn vdt va nhiep dnh vd didu khae ddn gian, Sd di dieu khde gd Tdy Nguydn vdn tdn tgi dupe vi nghd thuat ndy gdn nhu da ttd mpt logi hinh didu khdc hidn dgi mang ddm phong cdch dia phuang, cang xa dan muc dich tin nguang
2.2 Kidn true nhd Rdng
(5)TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Hd Thi Thanh Nh&n cda ldng) ttu ngu Nhung tidn bp xa hdi md
cdc nhd tmydn giao dd mang lgi eho cpng ddng cdc ddn tpc Tay Nguyen Id ydu td tieh cue khdng thd phd nhdn, nhung d mpt mat khdc, ciing ehinh cdc tdn gido mdi Id nguyen nhan chu dgo ldm mat di tin ngudng ttuyen thdng, vdn bao trum vd chi phdi mpi hogt ddng vdn hda cda ngudi Tay Nguyen, td cdc Id hdi dan gian vdn hdu hdt dupe tidn hdnh d nha Rdng va nha md ddn bi thay thd bdi nhihig Id hdi tdn giao dupe td ehde tai nhd thd
Mdt khdc, sy phat tridn tdt ydu cda xd hdi cung lam dnh hudng ddn vai tid cda nha Rdng Xua kia, nhiing chdng trai ehua vp ngdy ldn nuong rdy, dem ve quay qudn d nhd Rdng nghe ngudi gia ke ehuyen, ehinh ben bep Ida chang bao gid tat dy, ngudi gia tiao cho ngudi tte nhihig kinh nghiem sdn xuat va ky nang sdng quy bau eua minh Ngay nay, ndng nghiep Tay Nguyen da phat tiien vdi da dgng gidng eay tidng, sd hiiu ddt dai va td ehde san xuat khdng cdn theo t^p the ma phan tan vao tdng hp gia dinh, kidn thdc vd ky nang dupe truyen dat theo nhidu edeh khde xua, rat nhieu ngudi tiep nhdn kidn thde qua tmdng hpc vd cdc kenh tinydn thdng Nhiing tin hidu ddng mdng ndy ddng thdi cung I^ gidi vi nhd Rdng va hpi ddng gia ldng khdng eon giu vai ttd ttpng yeu qudn ly san xudt vd gido dpc the he tre dupe niia
Tu nhihig nam ddu the k;;- XXI, mpt so ldng bdt ddu xuat hidn khai nidm mdi Id "nhd Rdng vdn hda" Nhd nude xay dyng bang vat lidu hidn dai, md phdng hinh dang nha Rdng Giai phap ndy da gdy nhidu tranh eai giiia nhiing ehuyen gia vd cdc ca quan qudn ly vdn hda Tinh Gia Lai dd td
chuc mdt hpi thdo (nam 2004) dd ban ve vdn dd Ndm 2014, Uy ban Nhdn dan Tinh Dak Ndng tidp tuc td chdc Hpi thao Khoa hpe "Xdy dyng d&i sdng vdn hda
ndng thSn m&i - Khu vuc Tdy Nguyin ", vdn
de bao tdn kidn true nhd Rdng tiep tuc dupe khoi lai, chirng td tdm quan trpng eua edng tiinh ndy ddi vdi van hda traydn thdng edc ddn tdc Tdy Nguyen hien
2.3 Kidn true nha d
Trong ba logi hinh kidn trdc d Tdy Nguyen, cdng ttinh nhd d it chiu anh hudng bdi sy thay ddi tin ngudng nhdt, nhung lai chiu tdc ddng ldn sy chuyen ddi cda hinh thde td chdc lao ddng sdn xu4t va quan ly xd hdi kidu mdi Cac sd lieu eu dd ghi nhan rdng vdo khoang gifl-a thd ky XX trd ve trade, nhflng ngdi nhd ddi eda ngudi E De thudng ddi ddn 100m, ttong c6 den the hd cdng chung sdng Vi nhidu ly do, nhd ddi eda ngudi E Dd cdng edng ngdn lai theo ndm thang, ddn h^u nhu hp dd tdch cac gia dinh ridng Ie nhu cde ddn tde khde, ddng thdi sd lupng nhd ddi cung ngdy cang it dan Theo thdng kd eda Sd Van hda The thao va Du ljch Tinh Ddk Ldk, tgi thdi didm ndm 2012 tidn dia ban toan tinh chi cdn 2.608 ngdi nha ddi tmydn thdng, ehidm khoang gdn 30% ttong tdng sd nhd d cda ddng bao E De, nhieu budn ldng d phd Budn Ma Thudt khdng edn ngdi nhd ddi ndo
3 KHAI T H A C K I E N T R C C TRUYDN
T H N G TRONG DU LJCH T A Y NGUYEN
3.1 Tinh hinh djch vy luu tru du lich t?i Tay Nguyen qua cdc v3n bdn thong kd
(6)TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG S6 03 / 2017
Nguydn td ndm 2000 ddn nam 2015, sd luong, phan bd vd xdp logi dich vu luu tru tai Tay Nguydn rdt thdp Tinh ddn nam 2011 chi cd 140/1.086 ea sd trdn toan vdng dupe xdp hang, ttong dd da sd ehi dat chat lupng tu ddn Toe dd cdi thien ehdt lupng dich vu luu tru ciing dien rat chgm, td 2009 ddn 2011 vdn ehi eo ca sd dat chuan sao, dich vu tang td len CO sd, tang td len 10 co sd Den nam 2016, theo danh sach cua Tdng cue Du lieh Viet Nam, tinh Lam Ddng cd dich vu luu tru phat trien nhat ca ve sd lupng ldn chdt lupng (hai khach sgn va mpt resort ehudn sao; ba khu nghi duong va tam khdch san chudn sao, mudi tam don vj luu tru khdc dat chudn tiong ed mdt sd ldng du lich), tidp den la Dak Ldk (hai khdch san chudn sao, mot khach sgn ehudn sao, bdn khdch sgn chuan sao), Gia Lai va Kon Tum deu chi cd mdt khdch san chudn va mpt khdch sgn chudn sao, ridng Ddk Ndng bidn van dang ttong qua trinh xdy dyng, chi cd hai khach san dat chuan
Vd phong each, cdc khdch san dgt tidu chudn 4-5 hdu hdt ddu sd dung hinh thde kidn true hien dai mang tinh qude td, khdng lien quan den van hda dia phuang Dgc bidt, chi ed mdt sd lang du lich tgi Ldm Ddng ldy cam hdng td kidn true tmydn thdng dupe xep hgng sao, cdn Iai tat cd cde dia didm dang dupe dia phuang lya ehpn lam didm phat tridn du ljch van hda cdng ddng, ehinh la nhung nai cdn bdo tdn dupe nhidu cdng ttinh kidn tinic tinydn thdng nhdt, ddu chua Ipt vdo danh sach xep hang td trd len
Thang 12/2016, ndi dung hdi thao vd
"Tiim ndng vd phdt triin du lich tinh Gia Lai" Uy ban Nhan dan tinh td chuc eho
thay du lich van hda cpng ddng Id mpt nhung hudng chd lyc md dja phuang sd thu hut dau tu Theo mdt tham ludn tai hpi thao nay, muc chi trd tiung binh hidn eua nhiing du khdch ddn Vidt Nam vi muc dich tham quan, nghi dudng la 70 ddn 90 USD/ngudi/ngdy [3], nhu vdy mdc chi tidu cda du khdch tgi Tdy Nguydn rat thdp so vdi cd nude, khach ndi dja 22 USD/ngay, khach qude te 67 USD/ngay Dae biet, mde ehi tieu phan bd khdng ddu ttong vung, cao nhdt d Tinh Ldm Ddng (khdch ndi dia 31 USD/ngay, khach qude te 110 USD/ngdy), thdp nhdt d Tinh Kon Tum (khdch npi dia 15 USD/ngay, khach qude td 50 USD/ngay) Ben egnh do, thdng ke eua Tdng cue Du lich cung cho bidt 68% khdch npi dia vd 65% khdch qude td ddn Tinh Lam Ddng vi muc dieh nghi dudng, va 83% khdch qude td ddn Tinh Kon Tum vi myc dich tim hidu van hda, ddng thdi sd lupng khdch ddn Tinh Lam Ddng ludn vupt trdi gdp nhidu lan so vdi cac tinh khdc (doanh thu ndm 2016 cua Tinh Lam Ddng ehidm 4.400 ty ddng ttdn tdng doanh thu ban 4.800 ty cda todn vung) Didu chdng td doanh thu cua du lich toan Tdy Nguyen hipn chu ydu chi nhd vdo du lieh nghi dudng tgi Tinh Lam Ddng 3.2 Thyc tr^ng m$t sd cc sd du lich nghi
dudng cd sir dung kidn true truyen thong
(7)TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HOC VAN LANG Hd Th| Thanh Nhin phuang dupe tdc gia khdo sat sau day ddu
chua xudt hidn ttong danh sach xdp hang, gdm Memory mini Resort, Ldk Tented Camp (Dak Lak) va Binh An Village Resort (Da Lgt)
Dupe xdy dyng tai km qude Id 14, Memory mini Resort ehi ed mdt khdi kidn true nhat, tang dudi gdm Id tan, bep va cdc cdng trinh phu, tdng tidn gdm ede san san ddn gid Id nai khach ngdi ngam canh vd giao luu, cung phdng luu tru vdi didn tich khoang 10-I2m^ gia tiiud td 400 ddn 600 ngan ddng/ddm Hd bai su dung edng nghe ion, khudn vien sdn vudn kha khiem tdn nhung rdt duyen dang va thoang mat Khdi kien true hidn dgi soi bdng xudng mat hd, tudng bao xdy td nhung he khung gd dupe lay edm tu kien true nha dai truyen thdng E Dd, mdi ttanh ddy gan 20cm, kdt cdu dd mdi hodn todn bang tte bude ddy mdy dde bidt dn tupng, gidp cde phdng nghi mat me quanh ndm, nha vd sinh nhd nhung sach se, day dd trang thidt bj hien dai Vdi cdch tidp ddn thdn thidn va gan gui, khach mdi hdu hdt khach cu gidi thidu den Cd thd gpi day la md hinh kinh doanh Home-stay chdt lupng eao ban Id mdt Resort dung nghTa
Tpa Ige tien mpt ban ddo phia bde Hd Ldk, Ldk Tented Camp cd tdt ca mudi lam khu nha leu vd bdn bungalow Gia thud nhd Idu la 2,2 tridu ddng/ddm va gia bungalow Id 4,2 tridu ddng/ddm, chi danh cho ngudi ldn vd midn phi cho tid em dudi tudi ngu chung giudng, tre ttdn tudi cd giudng phu vdi phy thu 540 ngdn ddng/ddm, bao gdm dn sang Du khach bidt den resort nhd nhieu ngudn thdng tin, ttong ddng kd la nhd eae phan hdi tdt tren didn dan du lich
qude td TripAdvisor Resort cdn ddu tu m0t website tieng Anh, chd yeu nhdm den du khach phuang Tay Ngoai cdc khu luu ttd dupe thiet kd cd thdm m j cao va lpi thd goc nhin td ban dao bd, Lak Tented Camp eon td chuc cac boat ddng vui choi giai tri kha tbu vj nbu cheo thuydn Kayak, thuydn dpc mdc, dap xe dia hinh di thdm cdc budn van hda, xem nghd nhdn lam gdm, hp eiing kdt hop vdi tour du lieh cudi voi cda dja phuang, td chdc cdc show diln edng chieng nhu eae ea sd tien bd Cdng chieng tai day dupe bidu dien ttong nhd dai E Dd, nhidn ngdi nhd lai lap ngdi, ngodi cdu thang vd he e^t chinh theo phong each tiuyen thdng thi mpi ehdt lieu khdc ddu qua mdi, chua hodn toan hoa hop vdi phong each kien true vd chdt lieu truydn thdng
(8)TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC V A N LANG S6 03/2017 khde, ttong khudn vien khep kin cda
resort, hode tham quan, mua sdm d khu vye tiung tdm, tham cde thdng cdnh hd Xudn Huang, hd Tuyen Lam, cac di tich ehua chien va nha thd, ldn dinh Lang Biang ngam toan canh tiidnh phd, hoac chai golf d Ddi Cu
3.3 Thuc trang mdt s6 khu du lich van hda cgng ddng
Theo thdng kd cda Sd Van hda, Thd thao vd Du lich Tinh Dak Lak, chi ttong ba quy ddu nam 2016, tinh da ddn 480.000 lupt du khach, chi cd 45.000 lupt khach qude td, nhu vay khdch ndi dia chiem sd ddng tgi day Ddng thdi, thdng ke cua Cue Phat tridn Du lich eho bidt 65% khach npi dja den Ddk Ldk ehpn cac tour du lieh cpng ddng vi mue dich tham quan, nhien doanh thu chi dat 364 ty ddng, binh quan 750.000d/du khach Con sd khiem tdn cho thdy hidu qua khai thac du lich vdn hda tai ddy rat kem Dupe biet tinh da chpn mdt sd budn ldng dd phdt trien du lich van hoa c0ng ddng nhu budn Akd Dhdng (thanh phd Budn Ma Thudt), budn M'lidng, budn Jun (Huydn Lak), budn Nidng (Huyen Budn Ddn), Budn H'Dinh (Huydn Cu M'gar) Vao thang 10 nam 2016, tdc gid da tim ddn khdo sat thuc te hai tiong sd edc budn ndy nhdm tim hieu nguyen nhdn vi du lich cpng ddng cda tinh lai cd doanh tbu qua thap nhu vdy
Budn Akd Dhdng cda ngudi E De tpa lgc ttong long phd Budn Ma Thudt, each Trung tam Nga Sau chi ban km vd phia bde Dudng sd budn deu trai nhua sach se, hdng rdo cdy edi dupe cdt tia gpn gdng Ngoai sdn xudt ndng nghidp, mdt sd hp dan dd bidn ngdi nha san phia
tmdc nai kinh doanh du lich (shop luu nipm, ea phd, nha hang, khach sgn, ) vd xdy nhd ttdt phia sau dd d Dgc biet, sdng ngdi nhd mdi nhung mpt sd gia dinh vdn tri md hinh dgi gia dinh, nhu nha dng Ma Lin (43 hem Trdn Nhat Duat) ed ngudi con, cd ngudi da kdt hdn va sinh nhung vdn d chung vdi cha me, tinh ea vp chdng dng la bdn hd d chung mpt nhd
Budn Akd Dhdng ed mdt vdi khdch sgn quy md nhd, ndi bat nhdt la khdch sgn Yang Sing vdi dich vu luu tiTi (29 phdng), nha hang (sde ehua 400 khdch) va quan cd phd deu sd dung kieu nha sdn ttong khudn vien cay xanh kha rpng rai, mdt me Quan ca phe Ami cdch khdch san Yang Sing vdi ttam met cung dupe trang tti lay cam hdng tu kidn true va dieu khdc truyen thdng dia phuang Cudi budn la mdt dudng nhd re vdo khu du lich sinh thai Ddu Ngudn cd nha mat cdu cd, thu gian va an udng dupe bien tau td nha sdn tre lap ed ttanh Nam 2008, Nha nude da hd tra kinh phi xdy dyng them mpt ngdi nhd sdn ehung ldm noi sinh hogt edng ddng eda budn vd bieu didn edng chieng phue vu eae tour du lich van hda
(9)TAP CHl KHOA HQC DAI HOC V A N LANG Hd Thj Thanh Nhitn ttong dd hidn dai hda, vi tinh chat "nua
budn lang, nda thi", ddng thdi khdng cd nhidu phong dc, dich vu gidi tn', sdn phdm du lich dac sac Vi vgy, khdch du lich thudng luu trd tai cac ea sd ttong trung tdm thdnh phd va ehi ddn Akd Dhdng tham quan, cdu ed thu gidn vd dn traa
Cung thdi gian nay, tdc gia cdng ddn khdo sat thye dia tgi budn Jun ven Hd Lak, Thi trdn Lidn San, each tiung tam thdnh phd khodng ban 50km theo qude Id 27, cd tuyen xe buyt rat thu|n tidn Cu ddn nai ddy chd ydu la ngudi Mndng So vdi Budn Akd Dhdng, ddu tu cua edc co sd du lieh tgi Budn Jun khdng cao Khu du lieh cdng ddng quy md nhat tgi day hidn cd the kd den ea sd Vdn Long, tai ddy chi co mdt nhd sdn nhdt gdm 30 giudng ddi, gia thue 100 ngan ddng/giudng va eae giudng chi cdch m^t ldi di nhd Ndu thud nguyen can, gid chi tridu ddng/ddm Ngoai ra, co sd cdn cd mdt day nhd xay tang don sa, gdm nhieu phdng nhd, mdt nhd hdng phye vy tdi da 80 khach, cd show didn cdng chieng theo yeu cau, gid 1,5 den tridu ddng/show theo sd lupng chieng Dieh vu luu ttd cdn lgi budn Jun ehii yeu la cac Home-stay ty phat, dieu kidn ve sinh d cdc ca sd ndy ehua dupe chd trpng, tap tmng vao vide cho thud chd ngd, du khach cdn an udng vd gidi tti ddu phai ty Hdn he bdn ngoai Budn Jun thu hut khodng 1.000 den 1.500 khach du lich mdi nam nhd canh quan Hd Lak cung vdi ddn voi hon 20 eua tu nhdn cung tham gia Hpp tdc xa Du ljch Budn Jun td nam 2001, cdc eo sd du lich cd thd thud dd td ehde tour cudi voi tham quan cac budn vdn hda va ngam canh hd
Cdch khdng xa budn Jun Id khu du Heh Ldk resort, tpa lac ttong khudn vidn cdy xanh mdt me vdn thude ve cdnh quan dinh Bdo Dgi, nai ddy cd hai nhd san ldm noi luu trd, nhd be nhung phong each kidn true gan giii vdi kidu truydn thdng ban so vdi ea sd du lich Van Long, gid thue vd ndi thdt ddu tuong duong, khdng cd gi ngoai ndm, gdi vd cdc bdng den Chidm da sd tgi Lak resort la edc bungalow don vd ddi xay dyng theo kidu kidn true hien dai, gia phdng gap ddi gia nha sdn Ngoai ra, resort ndy eiing eho thue tat ca cdc phdng tiong dinh vdi mdc gia bungalow, ndi that dinh eung thidu ddu tu cham sdc vd ttang tri npi thdt Khi tdc gid khao sdt, chi mpt vai bungalow cd khach luu tru, nhd sdn va ldt cd cac phdng tiong dinh deu dang bd trdng, khu nha hdng vd hd bai ddu rat vdng ve
Nhin chung, chi phi du lieh cpng ddng d Dak Lak rat re, nhidn, gia re khdng co nghTa la du khach sd hdi long M^t sd du khdch d budn Jun duac phdng vdn da thang thdn ehia se rdng hp ddc bidt thieh thu vdi cam gidc ngdi tidn lung voi di dao quanh Hd Lak va sd gidi thidu cho bgn be va ngudi than, nhidn, hp khdng cd hdng thu quay tid lgi Hd Lak vi chdt lupng edc dich vy luu ttd, dm thye dia phuong qua kem so vdi ky vpng, eanh quan thidn nhien dep nhung khdng gian van hda khdng dgc bidt an tupng, ngogi trd nhiing show didn edng chieng vao ban ddm
4 KET LUAN VA DE X U A T
(10)TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HQC V A N LANG
nguydn Dd Lat cd kbi hdu mat me quanh ndm, phu hpp vdi nhu cau nghi duang, edc cao nguyen cdn Igi mudn nang cao doanh thu, khdng cdn cdch nao khdc Id phai ndng cao chat lupng dich vu du ljch cdng ddng Trong sd cac ca sd dupe khdo sat d ttdn, md hinh kinh doanh cda Ldk Tented Camp la dang de tham khdo Theo dd, cdc ea sd luu tru ndn chpn vi tti cd cdnh quan thien nhien dep, dau tu ca sd vdt chat ddp dng nhu cau nghi dudng hidn dai dd ed tbd thu phi luu trd cao, kem theo cdc dich vu vui chai giai tri ndi bp (cheo thuydn, leo nui), nhidn vd tham my ndn cd y tudng kidn
true vd bai tri khdng gian lien quan ddn vdn hda tiuydn thdng dia phuang, ddng thdi vi tri tpa lac phai rat gdn vdi edc khu bdo tdn van hda de cd thd td chdc cho du khdch tham gia vao cac boat ddng trai nghidm ttong eae budn lang Chinh quydn dia phuang nen khuyen khich doanh nghidp gdp phan tu bd cdc kidn true ttong ddn vd chinh ttang mdi trudng theo each "nhd nude va nhan dan cung ldm", nhdm khai thac du lich ttdn mdt khdng gian van hda "that", sdng dpng, hon la gia lap nhung kien true va cdnh quan truydn thdng vd hdn ttong md hinh kinh doanh khep kin
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Ban chi dao tdng dieu tta dan sd vd nhd d Trung uong (2000), Tong diiu tra ddn so vd
nhd & Viet Nam ndm 1999, Tdng cue thdng kd, HaNdi
2 Ban ehi dao tdng dieu tta ddn sd vd nhd d Tmng uong (2010), Tong diiu tra ddn sS vd
nhd & Viet Nam ndm 2009, Tdng cue thdng kd, Ha Npi
3.Ngd Van Doanh (1995), Li hgi bo mdBac Tdy Nguyin, Nxb Van hda ddn tdc Ha Ndi 4 Luu Hung (1994), BuSn ldng cd truyin xic Thugng, Nxb Van hda ddn tdc Ha Npi 5 Le Vdn Minh (2016), Xu hu&ng du Hch todn cdu hien vd nhirng vdn di dgt doi
v&i phdt triin du lich tinh Gia Lai, Hdi thao Tiim ndng vdphdt trien du lich tinh Gia Lai,
Uy ban Nhdn dan Tinh Gia Lai
6 Nguydn Thi Kim Vdn (2013), Tin nguang vd tSn gido ddn tgc Bahnar, Jrai, Nxb Van hda ddn tdc, Hd Ndi