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= met by chance 6.Some verbs can take an object and a to infinitive Verb + O + to - infinitive advise, allow, ask, begvan xin,bancấm, cause, challenge, convincethuyết phục, daredám, enab[r]
(1)1 The Infinitive I The to – infinitive : 1.The to - infinitive can be used as subject and subject complement a As subject : - To save money now seems impossible - To turn down the invitation seems rude - To learn well is our task b As a subject complement after be - The main thing is not to panic - The idea was to surprise everybody - My dream is to become a doctor 2.A to infinitive clause can express purpose , duty and result - To get a good seat , you need to arrive early - She has gone out to some shopping - He grew up to be a handsome young man 3.An infinitive clause can also express a comment on the whole sentence - To be frank, you didn’t make a very good impression - I’m a bit tired of sightseeing , to tell you the truth 4.A to infinitive can be used after some verbs (object of a verb) - I plan to visit Hanoi next week - I don’t want to see you again - We expect to have completed the work by Saturday Verb + to - infinitive afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, care, claim, consent, choose , decide, demand, expect, fail, forget, hesitate , hope, learn, manage, mean, offer, omit, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, seek,swear ,struggle, tend, threaten, volunteer , train , want , wait,wish … 5.We can use seem , appear , happen, come , grow , turn out , prove with a to infinitive - The plan seemed to be losing height Lop11.com (2) - We happened to meet in the street.( = met by chance) 6.Some verbs can take an object and a to infinitive Verb + O + to - infinitive advise, allow, ask, beg(van xin),ban(cấm), cause, challenge, convince(thuyết phục), dare(dám), enable, encourage(khuyến khích), expect, force,forbit, hire ,invite, mean, need, love , like ,oblige ,order, permit, persuade, remind, recommmend, request , teach, tell, tempt , trouble , urge(thúc dục),want, warn, wish ,would like,… -I expected you to meet me at the airport - We ask the teacher not to give us any homework - The doctor told me to stay in bed Adjective + to – infinitive(object of an adjective ) a.It + lingking verb + adjective + to – infinitive clause - It’s difficult to solve the problem Marvellous , terrific , wonderful,perfect, great,good, nice, pleasant, lovely, terrible,awful, dreadful, horrible… Interesting , exciting , depressing , confusing,embarrassing, amusing… Easy , difficult, hard , convenient , possible , impossible, safe, dangerous , cheap, expensive … Necessary , vital,essential , important, advisable , better/best … Usual, normal , common , rare … Strange , odd, incredible , natural , understandable… Good , nice , kind , helpful , mean , generous, clever, intelligent , sensible , right , silly , stupid , foolish , careless , wrong , polite , rude… b.The pattern : The letter was easy to write (the letter as the object of to write ) - The problem is difficult to solve c.The pattern : It was an easy letter to write - It’s a difficult problem to solve Lop11.com (3) 8.Patterns with too , enough - The coffee was too hot to drink - This rucksack isn’t big enough to get everything in - The light wasn’t shining brightly enough for anyone to notice it 9.The pattern: I was happy to write the letter ( Here the subject of the main clause is a person ) - We were sorry to hear your bad news - I was lucky to win the game 10 The pattern : It is likely to happen - The peace talks are likely to last several weeks - The party is sure to be a great success 11.Noun phrase + to –infinitive a.The pattern : The need to write - Is there any need to write a letter ? - Everyone laughed at his attempt to impress the girl - Our decision to stay at home was the right one - We shall never lose a chance to succeed Ability Agreement Ambition Anxiety Arrangerment Attempt Chance Choice decision demand desire determination eagerness effort failure intention need offer opportunity plan preparations promise proposal refusal b.The pattern : letters to write - I’ve got some letters to write - Take something to read on the train - The doctor had a number of patients to see 12 Question word + to-infinitive - I just don’t know what to say - She wasn’t sure how much to tip the porter - Have you any idea how to open this packet ? - No one told us where to meet Lop11.com reluctance request scheme(kế hoạch) time willingness wish (4) - I’m worried about what to wear 13 After noun and indefinite pronouns something , anything , somewhere …to express purpose - I need the money to pay the phone bill - We need something to eat - We have few jobs to 14.After noun phrase with enough , too much , many , little , few , plenty - We’ve got plenty of time to homework - There’s too much work for you to finish today II.The bare infinitive ( The infinitive without to) 1.After a modal verb and auxiliary : can ,may , must , shall, should, ought to , had better , would rather - I must speak to the manager - You had better not be late - You should be more careful - They must be having a party next door 2.Verb+ object + bare infinitive Make , let , dare , help , have can take object + bare infinitive - He always makes me smile - The teacher let us go home early - I’ll have the porter bring up your luggage 3.After feel , hear , see , watch , smeell , listen , notice … + object - I saw her enter the room, unlock a drawer , take out a document, photograph it and put it back - I heard someone knock on the door Compare : Eg1: I saw an old man walk across the street ( whole action) Eg2 : I saw him playing video games ( part of the action) Attention: In a passive form , make , see , hear , help , know are used with the to – infinitive - He was seen to enter the office Lop11.com (5)