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Mot chQc nang quan trpng cua Tu van kien true trong nude la bien dich va chuyen doi cac b i n thiet ke nguyen gdc tU nUde ngoai thanh eac ban thiet ke theo dung tieu chuan, qui pham[r]
(1)QUAN LY Dii AN OAU TU XAY Dl/NG (PHAN 2):
VAITRO C U A T J V A N TRONG Nl/OC TAI
CAC DU A N HOPTAC VOI N U O C NGOAI
KTS NCS Ngd Le Minh Dai hoc Dong Te, ThiTcfng Hai, Trung Quoc
Tu van kien true nuPe ed vai trd rat quan trpng qua trinh xay dung mot an thiet ke cho den hd so dupc phe duyet va cap phep xay dung Mot chQc nang quan trpng cua Tu van kien true nude la bien dich va chuyen doi cac b i n thiet ke nguyen gdc tU nUde ngoai eac ban thiet ke theo dung tieu chuan, qui pham hien hanh cua Viet Nam, de tQ d d cae eO quan cd tham quyen tai Viet Nam xem xet va phe duyet hd so thiet ke TQ van thiet ke nQdc ed nhiem vu p h i i dam bao hd sd xay dQng tuan theo d u n g tieu chuan, qui pham va cae yeu eau cua chinh quyen sdtai
Theoluat phap Viet Nam hien hanh, chi ed eac don vi t Q v i n thiet ke nQdc mdi cdtQcach phap nhan ddi vdi cae hd so thiet ke xay dQng, cdn cac Cty nQdc ngoai thi chQa dQpc phep.TQvin thiet ke nQPc cd nhiem vu phai dam b i o hd so xay diing tuan theo dung tieu chuan, dinh dang va cac yeu c i u eua chinh quyen sd tai
Ngoai ra, de giam bdt ehi phi thue t u van nude ngoai (TVNN), t u v i n nude (TVTN) lam luon p h i n hd so chuan bi dau thau va c h i m t h i u n h i m ehpn lUa nha thau xay dung cdng trinh Cdng viee thudc ve giai doan thU cua mdi DQ an (giai doan thiic hien d u an), d dd khdng can nhieu den ky nang thiet ke hay sang tao ma chi can sU thao edng tac chuan bi dau thau va cae thu tuc hanh ehinh, vdn la the manh cua cac nha TVTN Hau het cac d u an d i u t u xay dung cd sii hpp tae vdi nudc ngoai deu lUa ehpn m d hinh hpp tac nay, dien hinh n h i t la viec thiet ke xay diing Trung tam Hdi nghi Qudc Gia tai My Oinh, Ha Ndi Cdng trinh KTS ngudi DQc Meinhard Von Gerkan va Nikolaus Goetze thiet ke, cdng tac voi mot Cty t u v i n thiet ke nQdc thudc Bp Xay dQng, va chin Tdng cdng ty thudc Bd XD tham gia xay dung cdng trinh nay, dQng dau la Tdng cdng ty xay diing Ha Npi
Vay tao phai thue Tu van thiet ke NN ma khdng thue Tu v i n thiet ke TN lam het tQ d i u den cudi d i i an?
Theo dung quy luat ciia thi trudng "Tien nao eua nay", linh viic kien true xay dung cung gidng n h u eac linh vUc khac, anh se nhan dupe mot san pham tuong xQng vdi gia tri dau t u ban dau Chu dau t u se phai tra them chi phi cho nhQng kinh nghiem, tinh chuyen nghiep va tinh sang tao eho cac Kien true sU tai ba hoae nha t u van gidi, ma ta thudng hieu dd la "thuong hieu" Hp se thay mat Chu dau t u nghien cQu va t u tim tdi nhQng y tudng sang tao ddc dao, bd tri s i p xep edng trinh hpp ly va hoan chinh ve mat cdng nang sQdung, t u van cho cac trang thiet bi phu hpp, cd hieu s u i t sQdung cao, Ndi t d m tai la hp se giup Chu d i u tQtao mot san pham canh tranh tren thi trQdng bang kinh nghiem va sQc sang tao cua hp, de cho san pham cd the tdn tai lau dai vdi thdi gian Thdng thudng, neu tinh theo ty le phan tram (%) eua tdng mUc dau tQ cho Du an thi phi thiet ke eho Tu van NN ed the se eao hon tU % - 3% so vdi t u van TN, nhung hieu qua mang lai tU sQ dau tQ se lau dai va ben vQng Trong trQdng hpp Du an dau t u xay diing mot khu nghi dudng cao cap (Resort) tai mien Trung, Chii dau t u hoan toan cd the thue mpt sd hang tram Cty t u van thiet ke dang hoat ddng tai Viet Nam vdi nhieu mQc gia va c h i t iQpng khac nhau.Tuy nhien, neu dat van de r i n g cdng trinh d d se phai dat chuan qudc te sao, hay thi Chu dau t u phai tinh toan va tim hieu tQ nhieu kenh thdng tin nude ngoai, tim kiem sQ hpp tae mpt phan hoac toan bd qua trinh thiet ke xay dung cdng trinh ciia minh Rd rang, neu nhin nhan dudi gdc dp kinh te, thi thue t u van nudc ngoai (vi du Thai Lan, Singapore, Phap, ) cd phi thiet ke cao hon k h o i n g 1% - 2% eua tdng mUe d i u tu, nhung ve mat c h i t lupng va chuan qudc te cua cdng trinh khach san - resort thi se dupc d i m b i o d mQc cao n h i t
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Quin ly & Kiem soit Quin ly
thdi gian Quin ly tai ehinh
1
Quin ly chit luong
1
Quan ly sQ dieu ehinh
'r
Quan ly nhan sU
1
Quin ly hop ddng
1
Quin ly thdng tin Quin ly & sQly sued Oinh gia
giai doan J
Hinh I.Cong tac quan ly duan mang tinh tong hop va chuyen sau
Hien tai d Viet Nam mdi chi cd rat it khu nghi dudng cao cap dupc the gidi biet den, chu yeu tap trung tai vai trung tam du lich Idn nhu Oa N i n g , Hdi An, Nha Trang va Phan Thiet Va chi cd mpt vai cdng trinh cao cap mdi cd the dem so sanh dupc ve dang cap, chat lupng, tien nghi vdi cac khu nghi dudng ndi tieng tai Phukhet hay Samui dThai Lan, va Bali d Indonesia Do vay, de cd the canh tranh vdi nhQng edng trinh tdt nhat va hap dan nhat tai cac nQdc khac khu vQc, Chu dau t u phai dau tQ manh luc ban dau nham muc tieu cd dQpc mpt s i n pham canh tranh, thu hut nhdm khach hang cd thu nhap eao den vdi minh tQ nhieu noi tren the gidi
ThQc te nhQng nam g i n day cho t h i y eac khach san va khu nghi dQdng Resort tai Viet Nam cd chat luong cang cao, dich vu cang hoan hao thi cang ddng khach, va Ipi nhuan cao hon nhieu so vdi cac cdng trinh ciing loai nhQng cd d i n g cap thap
(2)Hinh 2-3 Khu Centara Karon Resort tai Phuket-Thai Lan
Cae giai doan thQe hien Quy hoach tdng the va Thiet ke
Thiet ke so bd Thiet ke chi tiet Cac hpp ddng xay dQng Dau thau
y t u d n g
TUvan 100% 95% 90% 10% 0%
NN Tu van TN 0% 5% 10% 90% 100%
ThUc hien va q u i n ly hpp ddng 5% 95%
hon Nhu vay, bai toan d i u tU ban dau da cd Idi gi^i cdng trinh cd chat lupng cao thi se t h u hdi vdn nhanh va cd Ipi nhuan cao va dn dinh hon Od la chua ke viee hpp tac vdi cae Nha q u i n ly khach san qudc te (chang han nhQ Hyatt Regency, Sheraton, Marriott, Swiss-bel Hotel, Intercontinental Hotels Group, ) se giup khu nghi dQdng dQpc hQdng cae ngudn khach qudc te rat tiem nang t h u o n g hieu qudc te eua hp dem den (Hinh 4)
Trach nhiem chung cua TUvan thiet ke bao gdm :
Tu van thiet ke se cung cap cho Chu dau t u toan bd cac edng viec chuyen mdn lien quan den chuyen nganh thiet ke, phu hdp theo ndi dung da dupc thda thuan giQa hai ben ma ed lien quan den D Q i n ;
ThQe hien toan bd cac cdng viee thiet ke theo yeu cau mpt each nhanh chdng va hieu qua, phu hpp vdi cae tieu chuan ky thuat chuyen nganh dat tieu chuan qudc te va theo dung cac quy dinh hien hanh cua Viet Nam;
Tu van thiet ke phai dam bao cac b i n ve, nghien cQu, tinh toan va hd so thiet ke thuc hien theo dung cac quy pham ky thuat TrUdng hpp cd sai sdt loi ciia TQ van thiet ke, ben Thiet ke se tien hanh cac dieu chinh c i n thiet hoac thuc hien viec
nghien cQu bd sung de thay ddi thiet ke Theo trinh t i i eac giai doan cua dQ i n , viec phan chia trach nhiem de phdi hpp trien khai cac giai doan thuPng dupe t h d n g n h i t n h u sau:
1 Quy hoach tong the va thiet ke y tifcrng
Tu van thiet ke NN chuan bi cac tai lieu ve Quy hoach t d n g the va thiet ke y tUdng, bao gdm cac b i n ve sau:
a) Bin ve Quy hoach mat b i n g tong the, ty le 1/500, ed thdng ke dien tfch sQ dung, mat dp xay dung va he sd sQ dung dat;
b) Mat bang cac t i n g the hien cae khu chQc nang chinh eua cdng trinh;
c) Cac mat c i t ehinh eua cdng trinh the hien mdi quan he chQc nang theo phQong t h i n g dQng;
d) Cac mat e i t ngang dien hinh dQdng di, ed the hien kich thudc;
e) Cac mat dQng ehinh the hien so bd phong each kien true cua edng trinh;
f) So dd cac he t h d n g va eac bang d u tinh khdi lupng;
g) Mpt sd hinh i n h phdi canh ben ngoai cua cdng trinh
Mdt cudc gap so bd vdi Ban QLDA cua Chii dau t u va Tu v i n TN tai hien
t r u d n g ciia d u an la can thiet de ciing t h d n g nhat x i c djnh nhQng y tudng va muc tieu chung
2 Thiet l<e s o b o
a) Sau cd phe duyet phan y tQdng, TQ van NN se l i p T h i e t ke so bd, bao gdm cac b i n ve va cac tai lieu lien quan de minh hoa cho quy md va mdi quan he chQc nang giQa cae khu viic eua d i i i n , theo dung b i n Thiet ke y tudng da dupc phe duyet trUdc do;
b) C i c mat b i n g , mat dQng va mat cat eua moi edng trinh, t y le 1/100, phdi cinh 3D t d n g the eho m d i cdng trinh;
c) Lap m p t b i n g quy hoach sQ dung dat t d n g t h e (a gross area tabulation);
d) Sau ed Thiet ke so bd, Chu dau t u hoac chuyen gia tU van ve d i i toan ciia Chu dau t u chuan bi m p t b i n g Khai toan cac ehi phi xay d u n g ;
e) So lupc cac quy each ky thuat, d d cd de xuat cae loai vat lieu x i y dUng va hoan thien cho edng trinh;
f) Bao cao b i n g van b i n md t i chung ve Thiet k e s o b p
3 Thiet ke chi tiet
a) Sau nhan dupe phe duyet doi vdi b i n Khai toan x i y dUng va van b i n phe duyet trien khai giai doan thiet ke tiep
(3)Hinh Khu Resort Nam Hai - Hoi An, Viet Nam Tu van thiet ke nudc ngoai thuc hien, 2007
theo, TVNN se trien khai viec thiet ke chi tiet Khdi lupng cdng viec bao g d m cac tai lieu xac dinh quy md, khdi iQpng va tinh chat cua toan bp dQ an, d d cd cac khdng gian kien true, cac nguyen vat lieu hoan thien, cung nhQ eie nguyen vat lieu phai chuan bj;
b) De thQe hien dQpc hd so thiet ke chi tiet, chu d i u t u v a TVTN p h i i hoan thien va cung cap cac p h i n ky thuat bd sung n h u ket cau, co khi, dien va dien lanh cac nha t u van phu khac tham gia vao d i i an;
c) Tren co sd b i n ve thiet ke chi tiet cua TVNN da dupe phe duyet, Chii dau tU hoac chuyen gia t u van ve dU toan cua Chu d i u t u se phai chuan bi Du toan va Tdng d u toan cho edng trinh;
d) TVNN se cung cap mpt bp hd sP b i n ve gdc eho Chu dau tU de phuc vu cho cac edng tac tiep theo cua TVTN
4 Cac ho SCI xay dung
a) TVTN chju trach nhiem chuan bi hd so xay dung tren cP sd cac b i n ve thiet ke chi tiet cua TVNN;
b) Sau chuan bi xong, TVTN se chuyen ngUdc lai cho TVNN b i n in cae tai lieu xay dung de soit, kiem tra cho dung vdi y d d thiet ke kien true ban dau;
5 Dau thau
a) TVTN chiu trach nhiem chuan bi mpi hd sd lien quan den qua trinh dau t h i u va dam phan hpp ddng, ky hpp ddng xay dung vdi cac nha t h i u xay dung
b) TVTN chju t r i c h nhiem chuan bi hd sd xin Giay phep Xay dung
Thdng thudng, Giay phep quy hoach da dupc duyet va Chu dau t u cd yeu
c i u trien khai tiep, Tu van thiet ke NN se chuan bi t i t ea eac tai lieu can thiet de xin Giay phep Xay dung Hd sd se dupe chuan bj theo cac quy dinh tai Nghj dinh 16/2005/ NO-CP va cac yeu cau cua SP Xay dung va cae cap tham quyen Ve cd ban, hd sd bao g d m :
- Cac ban ve thiet ke kien true bao gdm Tdng mat b i n g , mat b i n g tat c i cac tang, cae mat dQng va mat c i t ;
- Cac b i n ve sd d d ket c i u ddi vdi p h i n mdng va cau true cae tang;
- Cac b i n ve so dien, nudc, dieu hoa va t h d n g gid;
- Cac ban ve ve phdng chay va Bao cao giai thich;
- Cac quy each eo b i n ve ket cau, bao gdm md t i CO ban ve tinh trang dat va mdng;
- So bd ve he thdng ket cau;
- Md t i so bd thiet ke he t h d n g Dien va Co hpc kem theo m d ta cac bien phap phdng chay va bao ve mdi trUdng
Viee chuan bi cae t i i lieu la can thiet va l i mpt bude giai doan Thiet ke chi tiet TVNN se chuan bi cho Chu d i u t u 07 bd tai lieu de phue vu cho viee xin Giay phep Xay dung Cdng viee tiep theo la TUvan nUde se d i m nhiem :
-Thue mpt chuyen gia t u van chuan bi bao cao Danh gia tae dpng mdi trUdng;
- Lien he va hoan tat c i c thu tue hanh chinh theo yeu eau cua Sd Xay diing de cd the dupe cap Giay phep Xay dung;
- True tiep toan tat ea cac khoan le phi hanh chinh va cae chi phi khac lien quan tdi viec tham dinh va viec ehinh thQe c i p G i i y phep Xay dQng, va thdng bao cho
TQ van NN ve cae van b i n Phe duyet; - Neu Sd Xay Dung yeu cau dieu chinh thiet ke, TVTN se tiep nhan hd so va truyen dat lai cho TVNN de tien hanh cae dieu ehinh dd Thdi gian phe duyet cua cae c i p ed tham quyen khdng dupe tinh vao thdi gian Hop ddng thiet ke da ky vdi Tu van nude va ngoai nude
6 ThUc hien va Quan ly h p p d o n g a) TVTN chju trach nhiem quan ly va toan mpi hpp ddng xay dung, hop ddng tUvan qua trinh xay dUng;
b) TVNN chiu trach nhiem giam sat tien dp xay dung nham d i m bao y d d thiet ke kien true ban dau
Nhuvay, thdi dai bung nd thdng tin vdi hien tupng toan c i u hda nhu hien nay, chung ta dang dupe ehUng kien sU phat trien nhanh chdng va sau rpng eua nganh kien true xay dQng, cung nhQ cac linh vuc t u v i n mdi & mang tinh chat chuyen nghiep Cae ranh gidi ve kinh te, ky thuat, xa hdi, va ca ngudn nhan lUc dang cang thu hep lai, dem lai nhQng CO hdi giao iQu hpc hdi, truyen ba kinh nghiem, va chuyen giao cdng nghe hoat ddng t u van quan ly d u an xay dung cua chung ta Cd the ndi, day cung la dip thuan Ipi cho cae ca nhan va td chUe t u van nude hpc hdi kinh nghiem TQ van thiet ke tQ nude ngoai, gdp p h i n hoan thien minh va doanh nghiep ciia minh cdng cudc ddi mdi dang dien sau
rpng tai Viet Nam •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Chuyen muc Td chdc quan ly du an ijau tu xay dung http://www.quanlyduan.vn, 20C7
2 Edward R.Fisk Construction Projea Administration Fourth Edition Nha xuat ban PRENTICE HALL Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1992
3 Tap chi Project Management Methodology Project Management Life Cycle Standard Edition USA, 2008 Va cac tai lieu tham khao til Du an dau tu khach san cao cap Holiday Inn Hoi An - Viet Nam, Cong ty co phan dau tuBkKy
http://www.quanlyduan.vn,