Got sen thodn thodt dgo ngay mdi tudng lay Xdm xdm bdng ldi ncdn khuya m$t minh.. Sau ndy, khi Kilu dd sa vdo vdng ludn Ige, dd "sdng ldm vg khdp ngudi ta" nhu Dgm Tien thud t[r]
(1)So (247)-2016 NGON N G C & B(n S N G 21
YEU THirONG TRONG "TRUYEN KIEU"
-Ttr GOC NHIN CUA NGON NGU" HQC TRI N H ^
LOVE IN TALE OF KIEU UNDER THE VIEWPOINT OF COGNITIVE LINGUISTICSNGUYfiN THU QUYNH (TS; D^i hpc Sir ph^m, DH Thai Nguyen)
Abstract: The concept of emotional LOVE as a special emotional attachment of two people of the opposite sex can be different from every person, every culture, every ideology Try to look from the perspective of Cognitive linguistics, as what the Tale of Kieu suggests about the best way of understanding the subtie and unique emotion
Key words: cognitive model; concept; emotion; love; Tale of Kieu
1 Dat vin dl nhiing ngudi ngang bing); tinh yen ngirdi mp Vdi 3254 cau tha, Tnty$n Kiiu cua Nguyin (tinh yeu ddi vdi nhiing tin tgi yiu duoi); tinh Du, nhu edch ndi cda Phan Ngpc, Id "qiiyin ydu ban than; tinh ydu Chiia, vd thudng lidn bdch khoa todn thu eOa mgt ng^ tdm trgng"
[6] Trtey^n Kiiu qud thyc Id tdc phdm t^p trung vd vdn tam trgng, tinh cam khdc Mdt nhiing tinh edm thudng xuit hifn nhit tdc phim chinh Id tinh edm ydu tiiuong Tim hidu phuang thftc thi hifn tinh edm ydu thuang Truy$n Kiiu tft gdc dp ngdn ngft hpc tri nhfn, bdi vilt hi vpng se gdp phdn gidi md mft sd tin hifu ngdn ngft tac phdm, qua dd thiy dupc biic tranh tinh edm thi gidi nf i tdm cua cac nhdn vft ddng thdi ldm ro d^c tnmg tri nhan vd phong each nghe thudt cda Nguyen Du thi hifn tdc pham Tney^n Kiiu
2 M6 thih: tri nh|ln ve tinh cam VfiU THU'ONG Truyen Kieu
Trong nh|in tiiiic cua nhiing ngudi ndi tiing Vift, tinh edm YEU THU"C(NG (dupc till hifn qua Id tft "yiu ", "thuang " vd cdc tii ngft ding nghia khdc) thudng dupc xdc dinh.cd hai thufc tinh rAu sau: 1/Cd tmh edm de eluu tilp xuc vdi mpt dii tupng ndo dd, muon gin giii vd thudng sdn sang vi doi tupng dd md het long; 2/Cd tinh edm thim thilt ddnh cho mft n^iA khdc gidi ndo dd, muon chung sing vd cCing gdn bd cupc ddi
Cd thi thiy, thupc tmh dau tien rf ng han tiiufc tinh thft hai Tliufc tinh ndy xdc dinh phgm vi Y^U THU'ONG tiong nhftng quan hf tinh edm nhu tinh ydu anh - em (tmh yeu gifta
quan din nhthig tu ddng nghia nhu: thuong, quy, min, Ttong Truyen Kieu, cung cd tiie bit g$p nhiing vl dy tuong ty, nhu;
Qudn gia cd mgt mu ndo/Thdy ngudi thdy nit vdo md thuong
d trin edn cd nhd thung/Liegng trin trdng xudng biit long cd thuong,
Trong dd, thufc tinh thft hai chft ydu Id ndi ve tinh yen quan hf khdc gjdi vdi nhung cung b ^ tinh edm khdc vd Truy$n Kiiu thudng dupc bilu dgt bdng nhiing tft ddng nghia nhu: thuong (vdi nghia "y^u"), ua,mg nhiing cdu tha nhu;
Thuong xin nhd lot nhau/Ndm chdy ciing chdng di ddu md ch^
Thuang sinh td da Hiu/ Gap edn chut bay nhiiu la tinh
Ddt khudn kho li thuyit ve md thftc tri nhgn II tudng, ed the hinh dung ve tinh edm YEU THU'ONG nhu mpt md tiiftc phftc cdu gIm mft so tilu md thuc tri nhfn nhu;
(i) Tilu md thuc ve sy dnh hudng (duong tInh - tich cyc/dm tinh - tidu eye); tirtii edm YEU THU'ONG Id tinh cam cd tinh chdt duang tinh, tdc dpng tich eye tdi trgng thai tdm II cua ngudi
(2)22 NG6N NGC & B(n S6NG So (247)-2016
(iii) Tieu md thdc vl ddi tupng (hudng ngoai/ hudng ndi): tinh cam YfiU THU'ONG danh cho doi tupng khdc (thudng dupe nhdc den Id ngudi dgc bift, khdc gidi) ho§c cho bdn thdn minh Ngudi thy hudng hdnh vi thich ung cd thi Id chu till (yeu ban thdn) nhung thdng tiiudng la ddi thi (ngudi ^ bift khdc gidi, cha mp, anh em, cdi, bgn be, nhdn logi, ) (iv) Tilu md thftc vl nguydn nhdn; tinh edm YfeU THU'ONG cd till phdt sinh nhiing nguydn nhdn thuin tdy xftc edm ho$c nhirng nguydn nhdn khdc nhu sy tri dn, sy suy tinh,
(v) Tidu md tiiftc vl khd ndng kilm sodt; tinh edm YEU THU'ONG (ti^ng mli quan hf khdc gidi) cd thi din ddn nhftng hdnh dfng mat kiem sodt nhu muon gdn giii hay sy dfng chgm vl thi xdc, muln au yim, tinh tft,
Dudi ddy, xin minh hpa cdc tilu md thftc tri nhfn ndi trdn md tiiudng hay g$p nhdt tix)ng TriQ/^n Kiiu, bdng nhiing vl dy Id cac bilu tiiftc ngdn ngft (BTNN) cd chfta cdc tft ngft bilu tiii tryc tilp tinh cam YEU THUONG
fl Tiiu md thdc vi mdc dg
Tu lifu khao sdt Tnty^n Kiiu cho thdy: tinh edm YiUTHUONG dupe till hifn rit phong phii vd da dgng vdi nhilu cung bfc khdc Mft phgm tiii nhu YEU THU'ONG (tuong duong tiing Anh Id LOVE) d Tnry$n Kiiu cd the dupc bilu hifn bdng tft sau day (sip xep theo tin sl xuit hifn cao - thkp tdc pham): throng, yiu tea, di dn, thuong nhd, m0, kinh yiu (3 mdc dp eao efta tinh yeu Id cdc tft; yeu, di dn Idnh yiu, thuang; d mftc df thip han dupc bilu thj bing cdc tii Id: thuang nhd, md, ua Ching hgn;
Ndi vl tinh cam ciia Kilu vd Thuc sinh ngay tii mdi gdp ga; Thuong cho v?n thi thuang/Tinh cho trgn mgi dudng xin vdng Din chia tay Thuc sinh, Kilu ciing da dn can ddn dd: Thuong xin nhd ldi nhau/Ndm chdy cung chdng di ddu md chdy Vd sau nay, Kilu gdp lai Kun Trpng sau 15 ndm ddi xa cdch, Nguyen Du cung diing tft thteong dl y nif m hda tinh edm giiia 1^ ngudi
vl du: Thuang xin nhd ldi nhau/Ggp nhau edn chiit bdy nhiiu Id tinh
d miic df cao han, dl bilu thi y nifm tinh cam gin bd ddc bift cda hai ngudi khdc gidi, Nguyen Du cdn diing tft^u vd dl dn
Tu Yiu xuat hifn trudng cdnh Kilu ndi vdi TTiuc sinh: Binh Khang ndn nd bay Idu/Yiu hoa y^ duQc m^t mdu diim trang hay Nguyin Du mieu td tinh edm say dim cua Kim Trpng ddnh dio Kilu ngdy ^p Igi: Thoat thdi, toy Igi edm tay/Cangyiu vi net cdng say vi tinh
Tu di dn dupc Nguyin Du sft dyng trudng hpp ndi ve tinh edm cua Kieu danh cho Kim Trpng dem trac> duyen cho Thiiy Vdn: Bdy gid trdm gdy giKy>ig tan/Ki ldm hit mudn vdn didn Thuc sinh ciing dd cd lin khuyen Kieu: Liiu md xa ch^ cao bav/Aidn ta cd ngdn ndy md thdi, nhdn thftc dupc tinh ydu ciia minh vd Kilu da bi Hoan Thu ldm cho tan vd, chia lia Sau ndy, Kieu dupc trd vl dodn ty vdi gia ^nh, Nguyin Du cung da dftng Idy ffi Idy Igi tft an di vd di dn dl ndi ve mong muon mft tinh edm gin bd d$c bift cua Kim Trpng ddnh cho Thuy Kilu; Cdn nhieu dn di chan chan/NghT rdng ehua thodt khoi vdng didn
(3)So (247)-2016 NG6N NGC* & B(n S6NG 23
0 mftc dp thip ban, Nguyen Du sft dyng cdc BTNN nhu w£^ mp ndi din tinh edm YEU THU'ONG mdi d muc dp edm tinh t nifm bilu thj tinh yen d mftc df edm tinh nhu idy lam bdng ldng, thich tiid dupc xuit hifn tixmg n ^ cdnh Ma Gidm sinh mua Kilu: Man ndng mgt ve mgt ug/Bdng ldng khdch mai co dgt diu hay Tft Hdi gdp Kilu: Trudng to giap mgt hoa ddo/Ve ndo chdng man, net ndo chdng ug; Hai bin ciing liic hai long cimg tm Y nifm bilu thi tinh yen mdi d mftc dp efta sy ham thich dupc xudt hifn ngft cdnh Tft Hdi chu dfng den tim Kilu nghe dupe danh tiing ciia Kilu da Idu: Hoa khdi mo tiing Kiiu nhilThiip hdng tim din huong khui gui vdo
Nhu vgy, dya trdn tu lieu khdo sdt Truy$n Kiiu, tidu md thftc tri nhgn ve muc dp cua tinh edm YEU THLTONG cho tiidy, tinh cam ndy dupc the hifn tdc pham la mpt tinh edm manh md, ddn ndn vd cd tinh tuang ddi on dinh." Tmh cam YEU THU'ONG tixmg mdi quan hf nam nft (tiic vdi mft dii tupng ddc bift khdc gidi) cd cudng df mgnh hon nhung tinh edm khdc vd cd sy phdt trien tuang ddi phong phu tft tinh cam d mftc dp thap, cdn mang tmh chat cam tinh (edm tinh) (nhu wa, mg ) cho din sy ning ndn, cuong nhift, xdm chilm todn bp ddi sing tinh than ciia cd nhdn (dhayiu, didn, thuong, )
b Tiiu md thdc vi ddi tu0ig
Tinh edm YEU THtTCJNG tiiudng hudng tiii dii tupng la dii till nhu mft ngudi d$c bift khdc gidi, cha mp, anh em, cai, bgn bd, nhdn logi, hoac hirdng tdi chft thi Id bdn thdn minh
Trong Truy?n Kiiu, tilu md thftc tri nhdn vl dii hipng efta tinh edm YEU THU*C5NG dupc thi hifn hit sue phong phft Doi tupng cua tinh cam ndy dupe Nguyen Du nhic den tixmg mli quan hf linh edm gin bd d0c bift ciia Thdy Kilu vdi ba ngucri khdc gidi gom: Kim Trpng, Thuc sinh vd Tft Hdi
Kim Trpng Id ngudi yeu dau tien ciia Kieu vd ciing la ngudi dupe Kieu ludn tudng nhd vd
ydu tiiucmg nhdt Ddy Id moi tinh tha ngdy, troi^ sdng vd rat mfng ma Hai ngudi yeu udc mfng, tudng tupng nhieu han Id ttiyc te Kim Trpng dd tham yeu Kilu tft chua g|p gd: Ntede non cdch mdy buong thiu/NhOng la trdm gidu thdm yiu choc mdng Vfta mdi gip tiet Thanh minh, hai bdn dd yeu tixmg mft mli tinh thim Idi^: Ngudi qudc sdc, ke thiin tdi/Tinh nhu dd mdt ngodi cdn e Tinh ydu ciia Thuy Kilu vdi Kim Trpng cd thi ndi Id nong thdm nhung khdng vf i vdng; trdi lai cd phin e ap, diu dang, gin gift
Khdc vdi Kim Trpng, tinh yeu cua Kilu vdi TTiftc sinh Id tinh ydu cda mpt ki nft dii vdi khdch ldng choi Tinh yeu cua Tft Hdi vdi Thuy Kilu cung Id tinh gifta khdch ldng choi vd kl nft nhung moi tinh ndy cung ed It nhieu dilm gilng v<M tinh yeu cua Kim Trpng vdi Thuy Kieu: Thuy Kilu da xftc dfng \\ dang difu hdo hoa, phong nha ciia Kim Trpng va cdi uy nghi, I§m lift, phdch ngang tang ciia Tft Hai
Vdi cdc doi tupng khac tilu md thtic tii nhan cua tinh edm Yl&U THU'ONG, tixjng Truy$n Kiiu, Nguyin Du ciing ddt Kieu mli quan he:
Vdi cha ciia TTiue sinh Id Thuc dng: Lugng trin trdng xuong biit ldng cd thuang NghT con vdng ve thuang ngudi nit na;
Vdi vien quan xft vy kifn; Nghe ldi ndi cUng thuang ldi;
Vdi ngirdi quan gia efta gia dinh hp Hoan: TJidy ngicdi thdy nit vdo md thuang vdi Gidc Duydn: Gidc Duyen su trudng long lanh Hin thuang
Ddc bift Id cd tinh edm ciia Hogn Thu danh cho Kieu: Tiiu thu xem cung thuang tdi/ Rdng: Tdi nen trgng md tinh nen thuong
(4)24 NGON NGU* & DCn S N G So (247)-2016
ngudi) vd cho bdn thdn (Khi tinh rugu, luc tdn canh/Gidt minh, minh Igi thuong minh xdt xa)
Cd thd thdy tieu md thftc tri nhdn v l doi tiipng cua tinh edm Y ^ U THLTONG tuang d i i phong phii, da dang: Id mpt ngudi dac bift khdc gidi; Id mpt ^ i tupng ndo dd cd quan hf gin bd cdc mdi quan hf gia dhih va xd hf i (cha ching ddu, vp cd vp le, quan -ddn thudng, qudn gia - ngirdi ^ u p vifc, ) vd ciing cd thi Id chinh bdn thdn minh (di ki - ty yeu) ^
c Tiiu md thuc vi ngiQfin nhdn
Tinh edm YEU THU'ONG cd till phat sinh nhftng nguyen nhdn thuan tiiy xuc edm ho^c nhftng nguyen nhdn khdc nhu sy tii dn, sy tinh todn vy Ipi,
Trong Thry$n Kiiu, Nguyen Du khdng d l c^p tryc tilp nhung ngudi dpc van cd till nhfn dSIt tilu md hlnh tri nhfn v l nguydn nhdn cua tinh edm moi quan hf tinh edm ciia Kieu vdi ba ngirdi dan dng ddi ndng Id Kim Trpng, Thftc sinh vd Tft Hdi:
Nguydn nhan tao ndn tinh ydu ciia Thfty Kilu vd Kim Trpng Id sy hda hpp ciia tim s i c dpp efta Kilu khiln hoa ghen, liiu hdn, khiln nghieng nude nghiing thdnh cung nhu phong tiidi phong nhd, hdo hoa cua Kim Trpng ddu Id nhung ndt tiianh xudn sdng, hip din ciia nhiing ngudi dang ydu
Tinh yeu giiia Thfty Kilu vd Thuc sinh bit nguIn chu yeu tft nguyen nhdn tinh dye vd sy toan tinh Dii vdi Thuc sinh, tinh edm giiia hai ngudi Id theo cdch nhilu lan gin gui ndn thdnh tinh yeu: Sdm ddo tdi man Im la/Trudc
trdng gid sau dd vdng Vdi Kilu, tinh yeu
i y Id sy suy tinh, dupc xdy dyng ti^ cdn bdn tien bgc vd ciia mft ngudi ddn bd tftng tr^, chft khdng sang nhu cua ndng doi vdi Kim Trpng; Tfnrong eho v?n thi thuang
Tinh eho trgn mgi dudng xin vdng
Tinh ydu giiia Tu Hdi vdi Thuy Kieu cung Id tinh giiia khdch ldng choi vd Id nft, nhidn cimg cd phdn giong vdi tinh ydu cua Kim Trpng vd Thdy Kilu Thdy Kilu ciing dd xftc ddng trudc ve dpp vd tdi ndng cua mft v6
tmimg; Dudng dudng mdt ddng anh hdo/Con
quyin hon sOc, liegrc thao gom tdi Tinh yeu
ciia Thuy Kilu vdi Tft Hdi cung Id mft tinh yeu bf t phdt cd hai dlu M "tiing set di
tinh " buli hfi ngf ddu tien: 77»*^ danh dua din idu hong/Hai ben cimg liie hai long citng ua Nhung tinh yeu ndy dlu ciing c^
it nhilu sy tinh todn, la Kilu mong ed ngirdi d l dupc cgy nhd, nuong tya: Rgng thteong co
ngi hoa hen/Chut thdn beo bgt ddm phien mai sau
Nhu vfy, cd thd thdy, tilu md thftc tri nh|n v l nguyen nhdn cua tinh edm YEU THU'ONG cd thi phdt sinh cdc nguydn nhdn khac ho$e xen ling giiia cdc nguyen nhaa Trong dd, md thftc tri nhfn II tudng ve mot tinh ydu chan chinh, nguydn nhdn thuin xiic edm ed vai trd ddc bift quan trpng vd ludn
dxKifc coi trpng Cd 15, \d the md ba m6i
tinh eiia Kieu, m l i tinh ciia Kilu vdi Kim Trpng Id moi tinh sdu dam, ddi lau vd tha thidt nhit
d Tiiu md thdc vi khd ndng Him sodt
Tinh edm YEU THU'ONG (;xdt tiong moi quan hf nam nft) cd till dan din nhiing hanh dpng mdt kiem sodt nhu muon gin gui hay s^ dfng chgm ve till xdc; m u l n au yIm, tinh tft, Tilu md thftc tri nhfn ndy eiing dd du^c till hifn tuang d i i ro Tno^n Kiiu
Khi lira tinh dd bftng chdy Thfty KiSu vd Kim Trpng, Nguyen Du ^ midu td canh Thdy Kieu den vdi Kim Trpng mft dem trdng (cd phin hai liiu lioh va hodn todn vucrt ngodi khudn phdp cua l l gido phong kien);
Got sen thodn thodt dgo mdi tudng lay Xdm xdm bdng ldi ncdn khuya m$t minh Dem
bdm iy, sau hai ngudi dd cung thi thot vd sau ndng dgo ddn cho Kim Trpng nghe, Kim Trpng dd td khdng kiem che n6i minh: Song tinh dudng dd xiiu xiiu/Xem
du yim cd chiiu Id loi, Kilu dd kip tiidi ngSn
d i ^ dupc cdi "sdng tinh " i y d l ddnh gjft dio^ nhau sy trinh nguydn qu;^ gjd: Dd cho vdo #
(5)S6 (247)-2016 N G N NGf & DOI S N G 25
ngudi dy cdu ldm ehi Sau ndy, Kilu dd sa vdo vdng ludn Ige, dd "sdng ldm vg khdp ngudi ta" nhu Dgm Tien thud tiirdc, ndng cung dd cd Iftc chpt tile nuli: NghT thdn din bude Igc lodi/Nhf ddo thd be cho ngudi tinh chung Khi xay dyng mli tinh giiia Thuy Kilu vd Kim Trpng, Nguyin Du dudng nhu dd muon gift cho tinh yeu ndy tiong sdng tuyft doi tft dau drai cuoi Ndn du van cd nhftng &i yira, tinh tft, nhftng dam me, khao khdt nhung tinh ydu ndy dd khdng vupt khdi ^di ban efta chft TRINH, tft liic mdi ban ddu hay sau 15 nam luu Igc efta Kilu
Khdc vdi Kim Trpng, vdi Tft Hdi vd ddc bift la vdi Thuc smh, Nguyen Du Igi gdn tinh yeu tieu md thftc tri nhan ve khd ndng kilm sodt/mit kiem sodt lidn quan din tinh dye Dd Id luc Thftc sinh dupc chiem ngudng dung nhan ciia ngudi dpp cdnh: BuSng the phdi budi thong chng/Ihanh lan ru bdc truong hdng tdm hoa/Ro rdng nggc trdng ngd/Dc^ ddy sdn diie mgt tda thien nhien Tat nhien, vdi mft tdi ndng sft dyng ngdn ngft bdc thiy, Nguyen Du khdng cin phdi ndi tdt cd nhung ngudi dpc vln cd thi hilu dupc bdm y cua dng Tu day, Thuc sinh ngdy cdng bi Kilu ehinh phyc va muon liy ndng ldm vp Mli tinh ciia Tft Hai vdi Kilu Igi cdng dien mot each chdng vdnh Chi mdi trd chuyen vai cau, sau dd y hpp tdm ddu, Tu Hdi dd vf i lo chupe Thdy Kidu vd vd mong sing chung vdi nhau: Ngd ldi noi vdi bdng nhdn/Tiin trdm Igi cd nguyen ngdn phdt hodn/BuSng riing sua chdn nhdn/Ddt giudng that bdo vfJy mdn bdt tiin
Nhu vfy, tilu md tiiftc tri nhfn ndy da dupe thi hifn tucmg dii ro rdng, d nhiing mftc dp khac nhau: Tmh edm YEU THU'ONG cd khd ndng dan din nhiing hdnh dfng mdt kilm sodt nhu muon gdn gui hay sy dfng chgm vl thi xdc, muln du yIm, tinh tft vd cao nhat la quan hf tinh dye, Tilu md tiiiic tii nhfn ndy ciing cho tiidy, tix)ng tinh edm YEU THU'ONG, ngudi cd thi diing li tri dl ki&n sodt hdnh vi
nhung ciing cd khdng thi kilm sodt dupc hdnh vi cua minh
3 Mft so an diji f nifm vl tinh cam YEU THU'ONG Truyen Kiiu
3.1 Sdli^u thong ke
Khdo sdt cdc dn dy ^ nifm vl tinh cam YEU THU'ONG qua cdc BTNN ti-ong Truyen Kieu da cho kit qud nhu sau:
Bdng L Kit qud khdo sdt in dy y nifm ve tinh edm YfiU THU'ONG
TT
1
2
3
4
An dv ^ nifm
YEU THUONG LA MOT V A T T H E
YfiU THUONG LA M O A XUAN
YEU THUONG LA MOT CUOCHANHTRINH Y £ U THUONG LA LUA Y£U THUONG LA MA U}C YfiJ THUONG LA CHAT L N G TRONG BAU C H C A YEU THUONG LA BAU CHLTA
Luvt xakt hifn
46 (57,5%)
10 (12,5%) 7(8,8%)
6(7,5%) 4(5,0%) (5,0%) 3(3,7%)
Ting: 80 (100%)
(*Ghi chu: Trong bang khdo sat nay, s6 thdng ke chi cdc BTNN co chua cdc dn du y ni^m)
3.2 Nhfn xet
Trong Truyen Kieu, xuat hi?n an du y ni|m vS tinh cam YEU THU'ONG C4c mien Nguon la V^T THfi, MIIA XUAN, CUOC
HANH TRINH, LCA, MA Lye, CHAT
L6NG TRONG BAU CHUA, BAU CHUA
da ^inh xa sang mi^n Dich Id tinh cSm YEU THUONG An dy ^ ni$m YftU THUONG LA V A T THE CO lugrt xuat hi?n nhik nhat (46 luot chiem 57,5%) Tiep dSn 14 & du y nifm YEU THUONG L A MUA XUAN (10 lui;t, chifal 12,5%) An d\i y ni$m YEU THUONG LA BAU CHLTA C6 lui;it xu& Men it nhit (3 lugt, chi^m 3,7%) Cv the; (6)26 NGON N G C & B(n S N G S6 (247)-2016
Day Id sy tri nhdn mang tinh dfc ddo, sdng tgo ciia Nguj^en Du bm mo hinh tri nhan ndy khdng xuat hifn danh sdch cdc in dy ^ nifm qudt ciia nhdn logi vl tinh cam YEU THUONG dupc G Lakoff & M Johnson, Gibbs va Z Kovecsra thing kL An dy y nifm ndy dupe the hifn qua BTNN tieu bilu, vi dy:
Mdi tinh ddi dogn vo ta/Giac huong quan luSng Idn ma canh ddi
C6 tinh md cung tgi ta^u la edi phOc tinh Id day oan
Ndo ngudi cu gio tudn mua/Mgt ngdy ndng gdnh tuong tu mgt ngdy
(u) YEU THLTONG LA MUA XUAN Ddy Id mo hinh tri nhfn cd tin sl Idn thft hai Truyen Kiiu de ^ mf m h6a tinh edm YfiU Trong mo hinh dn dy ndy, Nguyin Du dd gdn cdc thudc tinh, d§c trung efta MtJA XUAN cho tinh edm YEU THUONG Cung nhu MUA XUAN, tinh edm YEU dem Igi sftc sing phai phdi, niem vui vd hgnh phuc cho nhiing ngudi dang yeu Ddy cung Id mft sy tri nhfn mang tinh dfc ddo, sdng tao efta Nguyen Du bdi mo lunh tri nhfn ndy ciing khSng xuit hifn tiong danh sdch cdc an dy y nifm qudt vl tinh edm YEU dupc G Lakoff & M Johnson, Gibbs vd Z Kdvecses thing ke An dy y rufm ndy dupc the hifn qua BTNN tieu bilu, vf dy:
£)« diiu trung khiic dn edn/Ldng xudn phoi phdi chen xudn tdng tdng
Vinh hoa bd luc phong trdn/Chu tinh ngdy mdt them xudn mdt ngdy,
(iii) Y^U THUONG L A M O T CUOC HANH TRINH
MO hinh Id md hinh tri nhfn mang tinh qudt chung efta nhdn logi tren ca sd cdc^ tiiuf c tinh vd tri tiiftc ve CUQC HAJJH TRINH dupe dnh xa, ph6ng chieu cho tinh edm Y U THUONG; mft sl ddc tiung eua CUOC HANH TRINH dupc gdn cho tinh edm YEU THUONG cua ngudi Trong Truyen Kiiu, Nguyen Du nhfn thftc tinh edm Y6U dya trSn y nifm vl cdc qud trinh tiong mpt cupc hdnh trinh cy the An dy y nifm ndy
dupe till hifn ti-ong cdc BTNN tifiu bilu, vi Rdp mong treo dn tu qimn/Mm sons dl ldi mdy ngdn cUne pha/Ddn minh aBg|| can qua/Vdo sinh tu hoa Id thdy m Qudn chi lin thdc xudm ehinh/CUne toa^
song thdc vdi tinh cho xong -'|j (iy) YfiU THLTONG LA LLTA
Ddy Id md hinh tri nhfn quan trpng ciia ca cfng dong vdn h6a phucmg Ddng va phuong Tdy dl y nifm hda tmh edm YfiU Cdc tiiufc tinh, d|c tnmg va tri thftc vl LLTA dupc dnh xg, phdng chilu ISn cdc trgng thdi cua tinh edm YEU THU'ONG Trong Truy$n Kiiu, YfiU ciing da dupc tri nhfn dya trSn y nifm vl cdc trgng thdi ciia LtTA Sy mdnh lift ciia tinh y6u dupc mieu td nhu mft ngpn Ifta dang bimg chdy Sy tin tgi cua thih yfiu gilng nhu mft ngpn Ifta dang chdy, sy di cua linh ySu giong nhu vifc mft ngpn Ifta dang h\ dgp tdt, An dy y nifm ndy dupc till hifn qua BTNN nhu:
Trdeh long hd hdng vdi Idng/Lugjvmtg choc di Ignh lung bdy Idu
Ddn edm Idieo ngdn nga ddv/Lda hucmg biet cd hep nua thdi,
(v) YfiU THU'ONG LA M A Ll/C Day Id md hinh tri nhfn mang tinh qudt eiia nhdn logi dl "^ nifm h6a tinh cam YEU THUONG Trong til cua ngu&i, thih edm YEU THLTONG dupc xem nhu mft ph^p mdu ki difu chi phii ngufid dai^ yeu, khiln hp khong cudng nii hay khd md tho^ ra dupc Trong 7>wvp« Kiiu, Nguyin Du cOngf nhfn tiiftc tinh edm YEU THU'ONG nhu tV mpt ph^p mdu nhifm, nhu mpt thft ma lye mS ho^ ngudi dang y6u An dy y nifm ndy dupc till hifn qua BTNN tiSu bilu:
Sinh cdng mot tinh mudi me/Ngdy xudn ldm lae di vi vdi xudn
Thdn thd luc tinh liie mi/Mdu theo nude mdt hdn lia chiim bao,
(7)s l (247)-2016 NGON NGt* & Bin S N G 27
Ddy Id md hinh tii nhfn mang tinh phi qudt ciia nhan loai dl y nifm hda tinh cam YEU THU'ONG Trong tu chung cua ngudi, tinh cam YEU THU'ONG cung giong nhu cdc tinh cam khdc dupe xem nhu mft thft chit long bdu chfta co till Trong Tn^$n Kiiu, tinh edm YEU THU'ONG cung dupc coi nhu Id mft thft chit ldng bdu chfta ca the ngudi An dy y nifm ndy dupc the hifn qua BTNN tieu bilu:
Sdng tinh dudng dd xiiu xiiu/Xem du yim co chiiu Id loi
Tinh xua lai ldng khdn hdn/Thong dong Igi hoi ngdn dem ngdy xua,
(vii) YEU THLTCiNG LA B A U CHLTA Day cung Id md hinh tri nhgn mang tinh phi qudt cua nhdn logi dl f nifm h6a tinh edm YfiU THU'ONG TTnh edm ndy duac xem nhu mft bdu chiia dl nhiing ngudi ySu nhau CO thi "roi" vao dd Trong Truyin Kiiu, Nguyin Du cung nhfn thftc linh cam YEU THLTCJNG nhu la mft bdu chfta An dy ^ nifm dupc the hifn qua BTNN ti6u bilu:
Bd nguyen hai cha dong tdm/Trdm ndm thi chdng dm edm thuvin
Ve chi chut phgn b^o mdy/Ldm cho bi di khi (?ay voi
2.3 Phdn tich trudng h^
YEU THLTONG: YEU THUONG L A MOTVATTHfi
An dy y nifm ndy dupc Nguyin Du sft dyng nhieu ban cd cdch tri nhdn cua minh de y nifm hda tinh cam YEU THLTONG An dy y nifm ndy thufc loai in dy bdn till Chinh kinh nghif m ciia eon ngudi ve cdc vat thi Id ca sd dl tao in dy bdn thi Trong loai in dy ndy, ngudi thudng coi cdc y niem vd hinh, triiu tupng, ma hi nhu trang tiidi, sy kifn, boat <!^ng tdm If, tinh edm, tu tudnp Id nhiing thyc the hChi hinh, trftu tupng An du bdn thi giup chiing ta hilu rd han cdc y nifm triiu tupng
Trong md hinh ndy, cdc thufc tinh, ddc tnmg ciia VAT T H dupc gdn cho tinh cam YEU THUONG Ddy Id sy nhdn tiiiic mang
tinh dfc ddo, sdng tao efta Nguyin Du bdi m6 hinh tri nhgn ndy khdng thiy xuit hifn danh sdch cdc in du;? nifm qudt ciia nhdn logi vl tinh cam Y U THUCJNG
VAT T H tiong mo hhih tii nhdn Nguon cua in dy y nifm YfiU THUONG LA M Q T VAT T H £ dupc Nguyen Du nhdn tiiftc rit cy till: YEU THU'ONG L A SOI TO VLJ"6NG VIT, YfiU THLTONG LA SOI D A Y RANG BUQC Nghia goc cua soi to la chi thft spi con tdm nhd ma thdnh (to tdm) hay chi spi chi manh (to mdnh) Tft y nghia ndy, S0 to dupc y nifm gdn vdi to duyin (Ta duvJn cdn vudng moi ndy chua xong), long ta (Ddu thay mdi tdc ddm rdi long td), to ldng (Ddu lia ngd y cdn vuong to ldng) ta tinh (Ta tinh dut rugt Ida phiin chdy gan) Theo quan nifm cua phuang D6ng, nam nii yeu va lay dupc Id nhd cd dng To, bd Nguyft (diln tieh Nguyet Ido xe to) Trong Truy?n Kiiu, Nguyen Du cung nhdc din tIeh ndy th6ng qua BTNN: Trong mdn ldm li to hdng ket duyin hay Lheyin ddu diet to ddo hodc Ndi chi kit tdc xe to Tft nhiing cdch dftng cdc BTNN nay, co thi thiy tdc gid Truyin Kiiu da gan sai to vdi y nifm ve thih edm YfiU Tinh yeu d ldng dupc vi nhu mft spi ta, vfy ndn to long da dftt tiic Id tinh yeu ciing mat Tft y nifm ndy, Nguyen Du nhdn thftc YEU THUONG nhu la mft VAT THfi nen c6 till vudng (ta duyen cdn viedng), c6 the vuang (vuong to), cd till gd (gd mdi ta mdnh), Ve f nifm ndy, nhd tha Xudn Difu e6 Idn da bmh ring vifc Kim - Kilu phdi chia cdch nhu cdi ngd sen b; b6 ddi, nhung d giua hai doan van eon cd nhftng spi ta 16ng cda ngd sen niu lay mdi thdi 6ng dd danh gia ddy Id mft hinh dnh rit A D6ng, ring tac gid Truyen Kiiu dd chpn hinh tupng rdt gidi, dut md van noi, xa van ySu nhau, cdng bj ddi chia rg tr^ tim cdng nfu liy