Đề xuất giải pháp nâng cao công tác quản lý nhà nước về việc làm cho lao động nông thôn tại huyện phú bình tỉnh thái nguyên

DECLARATION I hereby declare that is the research work by myself under the supervisions of Assoc Prof Dr Tran Thanh Tung and Dr Nguyen Quang Chien The results and conclusions of the thesis are fidelity, which are not copied from any sources and any forms The reference documents relevant sources, the thesis has cited and recorded as prescribed The results of my thesis have not been published by me to any courses or any awards Ha Noi, January 2016 Vu Duy Toan i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank to my daily supervisors Dr Nguyen Quang Chien and Assoc.prof.Dr Tran Thanh Tung for sharing their knowledge, providing their useful feedback, guidance, the time invested in me, advice and discussion we had during my thesis work Furthermore, I would like to thank to my family, showing their interest and unconditional support ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii INTRODUCTION ix Motivation x Research Scope x Research objective x Research content x Literature review xi Research methods xii CHAPTER I OVERVIEW OF SHORELINE EVOLUTION AND SIMULATION USING ONE-LINE MODELS 1.1.Some issues worth considering in coastline evolution study 1.2 Process study shoreline changes in the world and current research trends 1.3 Numerical modeling of coastline evolution 1.3.1 Basic Assumption of shoreline change modeling 1.3.2 Litpack model 1.3.3 Unibest model 1.3.4 Genesis model 1.3.6 Conclusion 13 CHAPTER II ANALYSIS NHA TRANG COASTLINE EVOLUTION 14 2.1 Overview of the study area 14 2.2 Data for shoreline and beach monitoring 15 2.2.1 Climatology 15 iii 2.2.2 Hydrodynamics 18 2.2.3 Geology and Geomorphology 19 2.2.4 Wave characteristics 19 2.2.5 Sediment Transport Regime in Nha Trang 20 2.3 Analysis Nha Trang coastline evolution 22 2.4 Conclusion 24 CHAPTER APPLY OF ONE-LINE MODEL TO STUDY NHA TRANG COASTLINE EVOLUTION 25 3.1 SWAN MODEL 25 3.1.1 Basic theory of SWAN model 25 3.1.2 SWAN model setup 30 3.2 GENESIS MODEL 42 3.2.1 Basic theory of Genesis model 42 3.2.2 Setup Genesis model 47 CHAPTER PROPOSE ORIENTED SOLUTIONS TO STABILIZE NHA TRANG BEACH 56 4.1 Scenarios simulated with protective structure 56 4.1.1 Scenarios Nha Trang coastline evolution without protective structure for year, years, 10 years 56 4.1.2 Scenarios Nha Trang coastline evolution with protective structure for year, years, 10 years 58 4.2 Scenarios simulated with beach nourishment 61 CONCLUSION 63 REFERENCES 65 APPENDICES 68 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Nha Trang coast (Source: Google earth) .ix Figure 1.2 Conceptual framework of Nha Trang Coastline evolution study xiii Figure 1.3 Input and output file structure of GENESIS Figure 1.4 Calculation diagram of Genesis model 10 Figure 2.1 The discharge from Cai River in the year of 2013 as well as the mean rainfall in Nha Trang in the years 1995 – 2014 16 Figure 2.2 The variation of the wind magnitude and direction for September during the years of 2002 – 2011, i.e during the southwest monsoon 17 Figure 2.3 The variation of the wind magnitude and direction for November during the years of 2002 – 2011, i.e during the northeast monsoon 17 Figure 2.4 The tidal level variation in the south of Nha Trang bay in the year of 2013 measured at Institute of Oceanography Tide Station in Nha Trang 18 Figure 2.5 Wave rose offshore Nha Trang 20 Figure 2.6 Nha Trang shoreline over years from 2003 – 2015 23 Figure 3.1 Computational domain of Swan model 31 Figure 3.2 Wave height boundary condition for Swan model 33 Figure 3.3 Wave period boundary condition for Swan model 33 Figure 3.4 Wave direction boundary condition for Swan model 33 Figure 3.5 The location of two points use for calibration in Swan model 35 Figure 3.6 Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf 1(109.5, 12.5) (From January to December, 2013) 37 Figure 3.7 Wave Period of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf 1(109.5, 12.5) (From January to December, 2013) 37 Figure 3.8 Wave Period of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf 1(109.5, 12.5) (From January to December, 2013) 38 Figure 3.9 Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf (109.5, 12.0) (From January to December, 2013) 38 Figure 3.10 Wave period of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf (109.5, 12.0) (From January to December, 2013) 39 v Figure 3.11 Wave Direction of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf (109.5, 12.0) (From January to December, 2013) 39 Figure 3.12 Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf (109.5, 12.5) (June to August, 2014) 40 Figure 3.13 Wave period of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf (109.5, 12.5) (From June to August, 2014) 40 Figure 3.14 Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf (109.5, 12.0) (From June to August, 2014) 41 Figure 3.15 Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf (109.5, 12.0) (From June to August, 2014) 41 Figure 3.19 Extract wave data points as boundary conditions for Genesis model 48 Figure 3.21 Wave height for genesis boundary condition 50 Figure 3.22 Wave Period for Genesis boundary condition 51 Figure 3.23 Wave Direction for Genesis boundary condition 51 Figure 3.24 Measured and predicted shoreline positions using different transport parameters (12/2013) 53 Figure 3.25 Comparison of shoreline in model and measured data for 27/06/2014 55 Figure 4.1 Nha Trang coastline evolution without protective structure over years 56 Figure 4.2 Nha Trang shoreline position over ten years 58 Figure 4.4 Result of Scenario with three Breakwaters over 10 years 59 Figure 4.4 Nha Trang coastline evolution after nourishment over years 62 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Statistic storms directly influence to Khanh Hoa Province 15 Table 3.1 The default setting in SWAN and selection for model setting 32 Table 3.2: Parameters used for model calibration 36 Table 3.3 Root mean square percentage error with different cases for Nha Trang shoreline 54 Table 4.1 Shoreline change after year without protective structure 57 Table 4.2 Shoreline change after years without protective structure 57 Table 4.3 Shoreline change after 10 years without protective structure 57 Table 4.4 Shoreline change after year after building three breakwaters 60 Table 4.5 Shoreline change after years after building three breakwaters 60 Table 4.6 Shoreline change after 10 years after building three breakwaters 61 vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank to my daily supervisors Dr Nguyen Quang Chien and Assoc.prof.Dr Tran Thanh Tung for sharing their knowledge, providing their useful feedback, guidance, the time invested in me, advice and discussion we had during my thesis work Furthermore, I would like to thank to my family, showing their interest and unconditional support viii INTRODUCTION Study area Nha Trang is a coastal city and capital of Khanh Hoa province The study area is located at the vicinity of Cai River, the north is Cai River and at the south of study area is a breakwater of military port Nha Trang is one of the most beautiful bays in the world, one of tourist centers, famous resort in the country and the world with many beautiful landscapes, blue sea, many of the most typical ecosystems the coral reefs, many beautiful sandy beaches With marine tourism criteria at present the world is: Sun, Sea, Sand (3S), the Nha Trang Bay meets these criteria above Nha Trang has many beautiful beaches, the beach along Tran Phu Street with a length of about kilometers is the most famous beach Nowadays the city experiences new possibilities to earn capital as tourists are drawn to the area Many people come for the appealing weather, but the long and central located sandy beach is also making it an attractive place for leisure Figure 1.1 Nha Trang coast (Source: Google earth) ix Motivation Viet Nam has 3260 km coastline, 89 river mouths and more than 3000 islands Along the coastline are 29 provinces and cities A number of seaports, oil refinery plants, fishing areas and aquaculture zones greatly contributes to the economic development of the coastal and estuarine areas Beside advantages and huge potential, annually we have to deal with beach erosion, estuarine deposition and the Government had to invest thousands of billions VND to consolidate, upgrade sea dykes and to build coastal structure protection Coastline evolution process is very complicated, which varies in space and time The process is strongly related to nearshore hydrodynamic condition including tidal circulation, wind wave, wave-induced currents combined with storm surge Especially it becomes more and more complicated and stronger due to climate change and sea level rise On the other hand, due to the continuity of the longshore sediment transport, the coastal protection in this region will again cause erosion in other regions Therefore, it is necessary to perform coastline evolution prediction based on the bathymetry, meteorology, nearshore hydrodynamic for coastal zone planning with the aims of sustainable development and national defense Research Scope Nha Trang beach section (300 m at the vicinity of Cai River) Research objective - The study aims to estimate Nha Trang coastline evolution using Genesis model - Propose alternative solutions to protect Nha Trang Coast Research content - Analysis on the coastline evolution of Nha Trang coast - Modelling wave propagation from deep water to shallow water using Swan model x behind structure tend to be accreted and between two Breakwaters the shoreline tend to be eroded So to get more effective on shoreline protection need combine with beach nourishment Another solution was proposed to protect Nha Trang shoreline is nourishment This solution need to take every three years to maintain a continuous shoreline Base on two scenarios were set up indicate that we need combine hard structures with soft solution to achieve high efficient and give the lowest cost 64 REFERENCES [1] C A Acworth, “GENESIS Modelling of Sand Nourishment Options at Collaroy-Narrabeen Beach, Sydney,” NSW Coast Conf., pp 1–22, 2009 [2] M F Ahmad, R Yaacob, M Mamat, A M Muslim, M L Husain, and others, “Coastline Changes in Vicinity of Runway Platform of Sultan Mahmud Airport, Kuala Terengganu: Comparative Analysis of One-line Model Versus Satellite Data,” J Appl Sci., vol 14, no 19, p 2234, 2014 [3] L T Binh et al., “Some Preliminary Results on Studying the Shoreline Evolution of Nha Trang Bay Using Video-Camera,” no Cil [4] L T Binh and D H Thuan, “The shoreline evolution of the nha trang beach, khanh hoa, vietnam,” 2015 [5] C Chen and R C Beardsley, “INVESTIGATION OF EROSION MECHANISM ON NHA TRANG COAST , VIETNAM,” no JANUARY, 2015 [6] M A Dabees, “Efficient modeling of beach evolution,” Ph.D Thesis, Queen´s Univ Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 2000 [7] S Di Bona, “Modeling of coastal evolution: long term simulation in the Vagueira region (Portugal),” p 138, 2013 [8] E Eriksson and M H Persson, “Sediment transport and coastal evolution at Thuan An Inlet , Vietnam Eva-Lena Eriksson Madeleine Hjertstrand Persson.” [9] E Eriksson and M H Persson, “Sediment transport and coastal evolution at Thuan An Inlet , Vietnam Eva-Lena Eriksson Madeleine Hjertstrand Persson,” p 145, 2014 [10] M Van Ha, Doan Tien; Dan, “Ứng dụng mơ hình CDAS để tính tốn, dự báo diễn biến đường bờ biển khu vực Sầm Sơn - Thanh Hóa,” 2013 [11] H Hanson and N C Kraus, “TIC FTECHNICAL ICoastal,” 1989 65 [12] H Hanson and N C Kraus, “TIC FTECHNICAL ICoastal US Army Corps of Engineers,” Security, 1989 [13] H Hanson and N C Kraus, “GENESIS: Generalized Model for Simulating Shoreline Change,” Coast Eng Res Cent., 1989 [14] B J A Huisman, “Modelling Coastline Evolution,” p 15, 2014 [15] Nguyễn Thành Luân, Nguyễn Hoàng Sơn, and Trần Thanh Tùng, “Nghiên cứu biến động vùng cửa sông Cái , Nha Trang qua tư liệu viễn thám (giai đoạn 1999 -2013),” vol 45, no 5, 2014 [16] C Paper, “SEASONAL EVOLUTION OF SHORELINE CHANGES IN NHA TRANG BAY , VIETNAM,” no JANUARY 2014, 2016 [17] C Paper, N Thanh, L Key, C Engine, V V T A Universit, and L Universit, “ESTIMATION OF SHORELINE CHANGES OF THE CAI RIVER ESTUARY IN VIET NAM,” no SEPTEMBER, 2015 [18] C Pereira, C Coelho, A Ribeiro, A B Fortunato, C L Lopes, and J M Dias, “Numerical modelling of shoreline evolution in the Aveiro coast , Portugal – climate change scenarios,” J Coast Res., no 65, pp 2161–2166, 2013 [19] M V Sena, “Modeling of Shoreline Evolution Influence of Using Synthetic Series of Agitation,” no October 2010, pp 1–10 [20] M J F Stive et al., “Variability of shore and shoreline evolution,” Coast Eng., vol 47, no 2, pp 211–235, 2002 [21] R C Thomas and A E Frey, “Shoreline change modeling using one-line models: General model comparison and literature review,” ERDC/CHL CHETNII-55 Vicksburg, MS US Army Eng Res Dev Cent., vol 1956, no December, 2013 [22] C Topics and T Group, “Modelling Long - Term Shoreline Evolution in Complex Coastal Projects,” p 21 [23] K N Trang-bukten, “Coastal Evolution at Nha Trang Bay , Vietnam,” pp 223– 66 230, 2015 [24] C William and G Point, “Shoreline Evolution Chesapeake Bay Shoreline Northampton County , Virginia Virginia Institute of Marine Science Shoreline Evolution Chesapeake Bay Shoreline Northampton County , VA,” 2004 [25] MAU, L D 2014 Overview of Natural Geographical Conditions of Nha Trang Bay Nha Trang: Institute of Oceanography 67 APPENDICES APPENDICES 1: GENESIS The output files with nearshore wave climate data from one location generated with the Swan model were used as input data for the simulation of the future longshore sediment transport and shoreline evolution with the model GENESIS Conditions for the model were stated in the start.h01 file The simulated area was divided into 100 cells and 10 meters along the shoreline "******************************************************************* * INPUT FILE START.DAT TO GENESIS VERSION 3.0 - CREATED BY GENESIS95 * ******************************************************************** ** A - MODEL SETUP A A.1 RUN TITLE NhaTrang Kich ban Khi chua co cong trinh A.2 DON VI DO LUONG (METERS=1, FEET=2): ICONV A.3 SO LUONG O TINH TOAN, CHIEU DAI O: NN, DX 100 10.000000 A.4 VI TRI O BAT DAU TINH TOAN, SO O TINH TOAN (N = -1 MEANS N = NN): ISSTART, N 100 A.5 DELTA T (THOI DOAN): DT A.6 NGAY THANG BAT DAU MO PHONG : MOT NAM BAT KI (DATE FORMAT YYMMDD: MAY 1992 = 920501): SIMDATS 130101 A.7 NGAY THANG KET THUC MO PHONG, HOAC SO THOI DOAN MO PHONG 68 (DATE FORMAT YYMMDD: MAY 1992 = 920501): SIMDATE 230201 A.8 SO LAN IN RA KET QUA TRUNG GIAN: NOUT A.9 NGAY THANG (HOAC THU TU THOI DOAN) CAN IN KQ TRUNG GIAN (DATE FORMAT YYMMDD: MAY 1992 = 920501, NOUT GIA TRI): TOUT(I) 141031 130628 A.10 SO DIEM TRUNG BINH HOA, DE LAM MIN DUONG BO (ISMOOTH = KO LAM MIN, ISMOOTH = N LAM THANG DUONG BO GOI Y GIA TRI MAC DINH = 11): ISMOOTH 11 A.11 HIEN THI CAC THONG BAO LOI (YES=1, NO=0): IRWM A.12 CAC HE SO HIEU CHINH VAN CHUYEN BUN CAT DOC BO: K1, K2 0.55 0.25 A.13 PRINT-OUT OF TIME STEP NUMBERS? (YES=1, NO=0): IPRINT B - WAVES B B.1 HE SO HIEU CHINH H SONG(*), ALPHA SONG(*), ALPHA SONG(+) (DEG) (NO CHANGE: HCNGF=1, ZCNGF=1, ZCNGA=0): HCNGF, ZCNGF, ZCNGA 1.000000 1.000000 0.000000 B.2 SO LIEU SONG DO O DO SAU BAO NHIEU M?: DZ 20.000000 B.3 CO DUNG MO HINH TRUYEN SONG KHONG (YES=1, NO=0): NWD B.4 COMMENT: NEU KHONG, XEM TIEP B.9 B.5 TINH SONG CHO MAY O LUOI CUA DUONG BO?: ISPW 69 B.6 SO DAI SONG DE TINH TRUYEN SONG BANG MO HINH (MINIMUM IS 1, MAXIMUM IS 9): NBANDS B.7 COMMENT: NEU CHI CO DAI SONG, XEM TIEP B.9 B.8 CHIEU CAO SONG UNG VOI DAI THAP NHAT, BE RONG DAI SONG (DELTA H): HBMIN, HBWIDTH 0.000000 0.000000 B.9 THOI DOAN DO SONG (GIO) (PHAI LA MOT BOI SO, HOAC LA BANG DT): DTW B.10 SO THANH PHAN SONG TRONG MOI BUOC THOI GIAN: NWAVES B.11 THOI DIEM BAT DAU SO LIEU SONG (FORMAT YYMMDD: MAY 1992 = 920501): WDATS 130101 C BEACH -C C.1 DUONG KINH TRUNG BINH (MM): D50 CAT MIN 1.0 C.2 CHIEU CAO THEM BAI TRUNG BINH: ABH 1.0 C.3 DO SAU GIOI HAN VAN CHUYEN BUN CAT: DCLOS 2.74 C.4 CO BIEN MO (OPEN BOUNDARY) KHONG? (NO=0, YES=1): IOB C.5 COMMENT: NEU KHONG CO BIEN MO, XEM TIEP D C.6 BIEN MO THAY DOI TRONG THOI GIAN NAO? (KO DOI = 1, THEO NGAY = 2, THEO THOI DOAN TINH TOAN = 3): ITB C.7 BIEN MO VE PHIA TRAI? (NO=0, YES=1): IOB1 70 C.8 COMMENT: NEU CO BIEN DONG (CLOSED BOUNDARY) PHIA TRAI, XEM TIEP C.10 C.9 KHOANG CACH DICH CHUYEN CUA BO BIEN TAI BIEN TRAI THEO THOI GIAN (XET O C.6), THEO DON VI XET TRONG A.2 (NEU BIEN TRAI CO DINH => YC1 = 0): YC1 0.000000 C.10 BIEN MO VE PHIA PHAI? (NO=0, YES=1): IOBN C.11 COMMENT: NEU CO BIEN DONG (CLOSED BOUNDARY) PHIA PHAI, XEM TIEP D C.12 KHOANG CACH DICH CHUYEN CUA BO BIEN TAI BIEN PHAI THEO THOI GIAN (XET O C.6), THEO DON VI XET TRONG A.2 (NEU BIEN PHAI CO DINH => YCN = 0): YCN 0.000000 D - NON-DIFFRACTING GROINS -D D.1 CO DAP MO HAN NGAN (SHORT) KHONG? (NO=0, YES=1): INDG D.2 COMMENT: NEU KHONG CO DAP MO HAN NGAN, XEM TIEP E D.3 SO DAP MO HAN NGAN: NNDG D.4 VI TRI O LUOI CO DAP MO HAN NGAN THU (I) (NNDG GIA TRI): IXNDG(I) 10 20 30 40 50 D.5 (= TOA DO DUONG BO + 30) CHIEU DAI DAP MO HAN NGAN THU (I), TINH TU TRUC X (NNDG GIA TRI): YNDG(I) 35.38720539 46.4983165 67.71043771 72.81 74.88 E - DIFFRACTING (LONG) GROINS AND JETTIES E E.1 CO DAP MO HAN DAI KHONG? (NO=0, YES=1): IDG E.2 COMMENT: NEU KHONG CO DAP MO HAN DAI, XEM TIEP F E.3 SO DAP MO HAN DAI: NDG 71 E.4 VI TRI O LUOI CO DAP MO HAN DAI THU (I) (NDG GIA TRI): IXDG(I) 10 20 30 E.5 CHIEU DAI DAP MO HAN DAI THU (I), TINH TU TRUC X (NDG GIA TRI): YDG(I) 250 E.6 DO SAU TAI MUI DAP MO HAN DAI THU (I) (NDG GIA TRI): DDG(I) F ALL GROINS/JETTIES F F.1 COMMENT: NEU KO CO BAT KI DAP MO HAN NGAN+DAI, XEM TIEP G F.2 HE SO NGAN DONG CHAY CUA DAP MO HAN THU I (NNDG+NDG G.TRI): PERM(I) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F.3 NEU CO DAP TAI BIEN PHIA TRAI, KHOANG CACH TU DUONG BO TAI BIEN CHO DEN MUI DAP BANG BAO NHIEU?: YG1 0.000000 F.4 NEU CO DAP TAI BIEN PHIA PHAI, KHOANG CACH TU DUONG BO TAI BIEN CHO DEN MUI DAP BANG BAO NHIEU?: YGN 0.000000 G DETACHED BREAKWATERS G G.1 CO DAP CHAN SONG KHONG? (NO=0, YES=1): IDB G.2 COMMENT: NEU KO CO DAP CHAN SONG, XEM TIEP H G.3 SO DAP CHAN SONG: NDB G.4 CO DAP CHAN SONG CAT QUA BIEN TRAI KHONG? (NO=0, YES=1): IDB1 G.5 CO DAP CHAN SONG CAT QUA BIEN PHAI KHONG? 72 (NO=0, YES=1): IDBN G.6 VI TRI CAC O LUOI CO CAC DAU/CUOI DAP CHAN SONG: (2 * NDB - (IDB1+IDBN) GIA TRI): IXDB(I) 10 25 32 G.7 CAC KHOANG CACH TU TRUC X DEN CAC DAU/CUOI DAP CHAN SONG (TUONG UNG VOI CAC G.TRI O G.6): YDB(I) 75.82491582 65.38720539 87.60942761 98.97 G.8 DO SAU TAI DAU CAC DAP MO HAN (TUONG UNG VOI CAC GIA TRI O G.6): DDB(I) 5555 G.9 HE SO NGAN DONG CHAY CUA DAP CHAN SONG THU (I) (NDB GIA TRI): TRANDB(I) 0.5 0.22 H SEAWALLS H H.1 CO TUONG BIEN KO? (YES=1, NO=0): ISW H.2 COMMENT: NEU KO CO TUONG BIEN, XEM TIEP I H.3 CAC VI TRI O LUOI DAU VA CUOI TUONG BIEN (ISWEND = -1 MEANS ISWEND = N): ISWBEG, ISWEND 100 I BEACH FILLS -I I.1 CO NUOI DUONG BAI TRONG THOI GIAN MO PHONG KHONG? (NO=0, YES=1): IBF I.2 COMMENT: NEU KO NUOI DUONG BAI, XEM TIEP J I.3 SO LAN NUOI DUONG BAI: NBF I.4 THOI GIAN KHOI DAU TUONG UNG CUA MOI LAN NUOI BAI (DATE FORMAT YYMMDD: MAY 1992 = 920501, NBF GIA TRI): 73 BFDATS(I) 130101 I.5 THOI GIAN KET THUC MOI LAN NUOI BAI (HOAC SO THOI KHOANG KEO DAI) (DATE FORMAT YYMMDD: MAY 1992 = 920501, NBF GIA TRI): BFDATE(I) 130101 I.6 VI TRI O LUOI BEN TRAI CUA MOI LAN NUOI BAI (NBF GIA TRI): IBFS(I) I.7 VI TRI O LUOI BEN PHAI CUA MOI LAN NUOI BAI (NBF GIA TRI): IBFE(I) 20 I.8 BE RONG BAI SAU KHI TANG CUONG SO VOI VI TRI TU NHIEN (CAN BANG) (NBF GIA TRI): YADD(I) 20 J - BYPASSING J J.1 CO CHUYEN CAT TRONG THOI GIAN MO PHONG KHONG? (NO=0, YES=1): IBP J.2 COMMENT: NEU KO CHUYEN CAT, XEM TIEP K J.3 READ BYPASSING RATES FROM A FILE HOAC SPECIFY BELOW? (FILE=1, BELOW=2): IBPF J.4 COMMENT: NEU MIEU TA CHUYEN CAT NGAY TRONG FILE NAY, XEM TIEP J.8 TU J.5 DEN J.7, MIEU TA CHUYEN CAT TRONG FILE KHAC -J.5 NGAY (HOAC SO THOI DOAN) LUC BAT DAU & KET THUC FILE CHUYEN CAT (FORMAT YYMMDD: MAY 1992 = 920501): QQDATS QQDATE 0 J.6 VI TRI DIEM LAY CAT VA DO CAT TRONG O LUOI 74 00 J.7 COMMENT: HET PHAN KHAI BAO FILE CHUYEN CAT XEM TIEP K TU J.8 DEN J.10, TRUC TIEP KHAI BAO CHUYEN CAT -J.8 SO LAN CHUYEN CAT TRONG THOI GIAN MO PHONG: NBP J.9 NGAY (HOAC THU TU THOI DOAN) BAT DAU CUA LAN CHUYEN CAT THU (I) (DATE FORMAT YYMMDD: MAY 1992 = 920501, NBP GIA TRI): BPDATS(I) 820601 J.10 NGAY (HOAC THU TU THOI DOAN) KET THUC CUA LAN CHUYEN CAT THU (I) (DATE FORMAT YYMMDD: MAY 1992 = 920501, NBP GIA TRI): BPDATE(I) 820630 J.11 VI TRI O LUOI CUA DIEM LAY CAT LAN THU (I) (NBP GIA TRI): IBPS(I) 64 J.12 VI TRI O LUOI CUA DIEM DO CAT LAN THU (I) (NBP GIA TRI): IBPE(I) 68 J.13 CUONG DO CHUYEN CAT TINH THEO THE TICH/GIO (CY/HR HOAC M3/HR, DON VI TUONG UNG NHU TRONG MUC A.2) DOI VOI LAN CHUYEN CAT (I) (NBP GIA TRI): QBP(I) -138.89 K COMMENTS K * ALL COORDINATES MUST BE GIVEN IN THE "TOTAL" GRID SYSTEM * ONE VALUE FOR EACH STRUCTURE, TIP ETC ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT FOR COMBINED STRUCTURES, E.G., TWO DBW'S WHERE THE LOCATION WHERE THEY MEET HAS TO BE TREATED AS TWO TIPS 75 * ANY GROIN CONNECTED TO A DETACHED BREAKWATER MUST BE REGARDED AS DIFFRACTING * CONNECTED STRUCTURES MUST BE GIVEN THE SAME Y AND D GIA TRI WHERE THEY CONNECT * IF DOING REAL CASES, THE WAVE.DAT FILE MUST CONTAIN FULL YEARS DATA * DATA FOR START OF BEACH FILL IN SPACE AND TIME SHOULD BE GIVEN IN INCREASING/CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER DATA FOR END OF BEACH FILL MUST CORRESPOND TO THESE GIA TRI, AND NOT NECESSARILY BE IN INCREASING ORDER * DON'T CHANGE THE LABELS OF THE LINES SINCE THEY ARE USED TO IDENTIFY THE LINES BY GENESIS * GENESIS95 GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE FOR WINDOWS 95 CREATED BY PERON AT PERON SOFTWARE COPYRIGHT 1996 & HARDWARE (peron@pobox.org.sg) - END APPENDICES 2: SWAN MODEL To simulate wave propagation from deep water to shallow water, Swan model was setup Input file include NhaTrang.bnd1, NhaTrang.bnd2, NhaTrang.bnd11, NhaTrang.bnd22, NhaTrang.swn, NhaTrang.bot, the output file include: NhaTrang.tbl $*************HEADING**************************************** PROJ 'NhaTrang' 'A11' $ PURPOSE OF TEST: Test of the refraction formulation $ | | 76 $ | This SWAN input file is part of the bench mark tests for $ | SWAN | | $ | |-$***********MODEL INPUT************************************** MODE NONSTATIONARY $CGRID 0 108903 110622 359 359 SECTOR 90 300 0.05 0.25 40 CGRID 0 108903 110622 359 359 CIRCLE 12 0.05 0.25 40 INPGRID BOTTOM 0 3599 3599 30.25 30.73 READINP BOTTOM -1 'NhaTrang.bot' FREE BOUN SHAPE JONSWAP 3.3 PEAK DSPR POWER BOUN SIDE E CLOCKW VAR FILE 55311 'NhaTrang.bnd1' 55311 'NhaTrang.bnd2' BOUN SIDE N CCW VAR FILE 32000 'NhaTrang.bnd11' BOUN SIDE S CLOCKW VAR FILE 65000 'NhaTrang.bnd22' $INITIAL HOTSTART SINGLE 'hotstart' $ OFF BREA $ OFF WCAP GEN3 KOMEN OFF QUAD WCAP KOMEN $ BREAKING CONSTANT 1.0 0.73 FRICTION RIPPLES 2.65 0.0003 $ TURBULENCE 0.01 $************ OUTPUT REQUESTS ************************* $CURVE 'CTA11' 10000 100 10000 4000 $TABLE 'CTA11' HEAD DIST HS TM01 DIR DEP RTP DSPR $TABLE 'CTA11' NOHEAD 'a11ref01.tab' DIST HS TM01 DIR DEP RTP POINTS 'loc' FILE 'NhaTrang.loc' $SPEC 'loc' SPEC1D 'NhaTrang.spc' TABLE 'loc' HEAD 'NhaTrang.tbl' TIME XP YP HS TM01 DIR OUTPUT 20140101.000000 HR 77 PROP BSBT TEST 1,0 $COMPUTE NONSTAT 20130307.000000 10 MIN 20130307.210000 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140101.00 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140101.03 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140101.06 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140101.09 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140101.12 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140101.15 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140101.18 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140101.21 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140102 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140102.03 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140102.06 COMPUTE STATIONARY 20140102.09 Stop $ 78 ... to get comparable results Base on the available wave data, chose two points at Continental shelf station for calibration, the time is chosen for calibration is the period during 2013 The wave... program Google Earth was used The program used satellite images, which provides a plan view of the chosen area Satellite image between the years 2003 – 2015 were available over the beach of Nha Trang... −3 U 10 < 7.5m / s C D (U 10 ) = {(0.8 + 0.065s / m.U 10 )x10 −3 U 10 ≥ 7.5m / s (3.12) B can be chosen from Komen et al (1984) or Janssen (1989, 1991) The former expression is:  ρ B = max 0,0.25