Sự truyền triều và mặn vùng hạ lưu sông hồng

V A DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRUONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TU NHlfiN ;^ ^ V BAO CAO TONG KET DE TAI Sir TRUYEN TRIEU VA MAN VUNG HA LUU • • • SONG HONG PHAN I: SU TRUYEN TRIEU YUNG HA LUU SONG HONG Ma so: QT- 00 - 27 Chu tri de tai: Th.s Pham Van Vy OAl HOC QU6'C GIA N A N p i Tf^UNG TAI\^ THONG TIN THU VlEN dT/.^s^o HA NOI - 2003 Ten de tai (hoac du an) s u TRUYEN TRIEU VA MAN VUNG HA LUU SONG HONG PHAN 1: SU TRUYEN TRIJ^U VUNG HA LUU SONG HONG Ma so: QT-00-27 Chu tri: ThS Pham Van Vy Cac can bo phoi hop: TS Nguydn Tho Sao (Trung tam Dong luc va Moi truang bien Truang DHKHTN) ThS Phung Dang Hieu (Trung tam Dong luc va Moi truong bi^n, Truang DHKHTN) BAG CAO TOM TAT BANG TI^NG ANH a, Project: The propagation of tidal vt'aves and salt in the Red River Estuary The Part 1: The propagation of tidal waves in the Red River Estuary Code: QT-00-27 b, Head of Profect: Ms Pham Van Vy c, Membership: Dr Nguyen Tho Sao (Marine Dynamics and Environment Center, College of Natural Sciences - VNUH) Ms Phung Dang Hieu (Marine Dynamics and Environment Center, College of Natural Sciences - VNUH) d, Objective and research problems: + Objective: - Studying the features of the propafation of ti'dal waves in the Red River Estuary + Research problems: - Collectin and treatment of data on bathymetry and sea levels in the Red River Estuary - Calculation of the tidal propagation by DynhydS model - Scientific report on data analysis and calculation results e, Main results: - The tidal propagation process is appeared complex, it changes due to season in the year - The wind have a significant influence to the processes of tidal propagation Xac nhan cua BCN Khoa Qui tri de tai -^ (?fc^^^7^ ^y.-vi^ Ihc^-^ Pham Van Vy XAC NHAN CUA TRUONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TUNHIEN HO HItU TRUONG Gw.lo jL^uiti rJl^yri4^ BAO CAO TOM TAT BANG TIENG VIET a, Ten de tai: SU TRUYEN TRif U VA MAN VUNG HA LUU SONG HONG PHAN 1: SU TRUYEN TRltv VUNG HA LUU SONG HONG Ma so: QT-00-27 b, Chu tri: ThS Pham Van Vy c, Cac can bo tham gia: TS Nguyin Tho Sao (Trung t^m Dong luc va Moi trucmg bien, Truong DHKHTN) ThS Phiing Dang Hieu (Trung t t o Dong luc va Moi trucmg bi6n, Truang DHKHTN) d, Muc tieu va npi dung nghien curu Muc tieu: Lam sang to dac diem qua trinh truyin triiu vung cua song Hong Noi dung: _ _ - • - T^p hop va xu ly so lieu dia hinh va muc nuoc cac cua song Ba Lat, Ninh Co - Tinh toan qua trinh truyen tneu vung cua song H6ng - Viet bao cao tdng ket ve xii ly so lieu va ket qua tinh toan e, Cac ket qua dat duac - Tap hop dugc tap sd lieu ve dia hinh, muc nuoc cac cua song Ba Lat, Ninh Co - Qua trinh truyen trieu rat da dang, bien ddi theo mCia - Gio CO anh huong dang ki den qua trinh truyen tneu a viang nghien cuu f, Tinh hinh kinh phi cua de tai - Tong kinh phi nam 2000: 7.000.000 ddng Sd kinh phi da quyet toan thang 12 nam 2000 Muc Noi dung Sd tien Hoi nghi, xemina Muc 112 1.500.000 cong tac phi Muc 113 720.000 Muc 114 Thue khoan 4.500.000 Xir ly sd lieu dia hinh Xu ly sd lieu muc nuoc Chay chuang trinh Muc 119 Nghiep vu chuyen mon Quan ly phi Trucmg DHKHTN 280.000 Tdng 7.000.000 PHlfiU DANG KY KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU KH-CN T6n d6 tai (hoac du an): SUTRUYEN TRIEU VA MAN VUNG HA LUU SONG HONG PHAN 1: SUTRUYEN TRIEU VUNG HA LUU SONG HONG Ma sd: QT- 00- 27 Ca quan chu tri de tai (hoac du an); Trucmg Dai hpc Khoa hpc Tir nhi6n Dia chi: 334, Nguyln Trai Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi Tel: 84 8584615,8581419 Co quan quan ly de tai (hoac du an): Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha N6i Dia chi: 14, Duong Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha N6i Tel: 8340569, 8340564 Tong kinh phi thuc chi: 7.000.000 d6ng Trong do: - Tir ng^n sach nha nuoc: 7.000.000 d6ng - Kinh phi cua truong: - Vay tin dung: -V6ntirc6:0 - Thu h6i : Thdi gian nghien curu: 12 thang Thoi gian bdt dau: 1/2000 Thoi ^lan ket thuc 12/2000 TS Nguydn Tho Sao (Trung tam Dong luc va Moi truong bien Trudng DHKHTN) ThS Phung Dang Hieu (Trung tam Dong luc va Moi [ruong bidn Trucmg DHKPTTN) Sd dangky de tai: So chumg nhan dang ky ket qua nghien cuu: Bao mat: a) Ph6 bien rong rai: x b) Phd bien han che: c) Bao mat; Ngay: Tom tat ket qua nghien cuu: - Tap hop dupe tap sd lieu ve dia hinh, muc nuoc d cac cua song: Ba Lat, Ninh Co; - Qua trinh truydn tridu o cua song rat da dang, bien ddi theo mua; - Gio CO anh hudng dang kd den qua trinh truyen trieu o vung nghien cuu Kien nghi vd quy mo va dOi tupng ap dung nghidn cuu: •- Nhirng ket qua nghien cuu co thd diing tham khao cho nhung nguoi lam cong tac quy hoach va sir dung nguon nuoc cira song nhu: thuy loi nong nghiep Chu nhiem dd tai Thii trudng co quan Chu tich hpi h6ng Thii trudng ca chii tri dd tai danh gia chinh thiic ! quan quan iy dd tai Pham Van Vy Tran Nghi Fha/h Vah (Juc^^ Ho ten Hpc ham o ^ li GS,TS hoc vi ^:-:i_ m T^ /' 36 37 1625 155 400 180 000002 5C0GE-020 (",r,r r _ r -7 1500 129 600 130 000002 OOOOE-': 33 39 1325 274 700 130 000002 5GOOE-020 OOOOE-Ol 39 40 1200 191 900 180 000002 5000E-020 OGOOE-01 40 41 1250 191 3.200 180 000002 5000E-020 OOOOE-Ol 41 42 1175 239 200 180 000002 5000E-020 ooocE-o: 42 ^3 550.0 235 900 130 000002 50C0E-020 OOOOE-01 43 44 3375 837 13.00 45 000002 5000E-020 OOGOE-01 44 45 1235 314 10.50 180 000002 50C0E-020 GOOOE-01 45 45 2400 296 11 40 180 000002 5000E-020 OOOGE-01 46 47 2930 613 10.00 225 000002 5000E-020 OOOGE-01 47 48 2220 434 100 225 000002 5000E-020 OOOOE-Ol 43 49 2405 469 10.00 130 000002 5000E-020 OOOOE-01 49 38 3:3JE-020 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 302250 223.0 12.90 135.000002.5000E-020.OOOOE-01 50 51 0 378.0 14.00 135 0 0 G E - 0 E - 51 51 52 ***** CONSTANT INFLOWS *********-tr^r^,^^r^^,.t^*^r******•^e********^kir-^f•kir•ir*•^^***•^r•l'*•k•k•k••t,i,-k•>rr* 250.0 20 80.0 51-330.0 * * * * * VARIABLE INFLOWS * * * * * * * + * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * SEAWARD BOUNDARY DATA * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - r * * * * * * * * * * 1 00.1400 7000 1.080 13 4800 17 00.5000 21 01.0000 00.4500 49 00.8900 0-.8500 + * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 1.00 00.6900 0-.0400 • • + ^r*,^,^, 0-.2400 00.4400 1 0-.4000 0- 10 - 0 11 - - 0-1.060 14 - 0 15 - O 16 0- G-.2400 18 0 0 19 0 0 20 00.3000 22 0 0 23 0 0 24 00.9800 2 00.9000 ^0.5600 00.2100 0-.0300 0' J-.330C - -.1 12 0- 5000 0-.6700 1.020 13 - 7300 17 - 0 00.3400 21 0 0 00.9700 00.9500 20 49 1 00.9900 00.2500 00.0000 3000 0-.410C 7100 13 0-.":'3O0 2100 17 0 0 00.5000 21 0 0 01.1300 01.0800 00.5500 10 - G G 11 - 0 12 0- 14 - 15 - 0 16 3^ 13 - 0 19 0 0 20 22 00.-7500 23 0 24 0 0 0 0 1.00 00 0 00 5500 0- 1000 1 10 - 5200 - 11 14 - 6000 1 -1 J — 5300 - 12 - :- 4600 - 15 3900 1 22 0 0 '- 23 31 1300 2500 - 19 0300 n _ 13 00 0 JO :o ^600 20 24 -t 0- 00.2500 00.0000 0-.1600 0.3200 0-.4700 10 0-.5400 11 0-.6800 12 0.7000 13 0-.7100 14 0-.7200 15 0-.7000 16 0.6100 17 0-.4000 18 0-.1800 19 00.0000 20 00.1500 21 00.2400 22 00.3100 23 30.5600 24 00.7500 00.98 ***** WIND DATA ******************"**********************'*^****'***''**-*********'**** 25 1 5.00 135 5.00 135 5.00 135 5.00 135 5.00 135 5.00 135 5.00 135 5.00 135 5.00 135 10 5.00 135 11 5.00 135 12 5.00 135 13 5.00 135 14 3.00 135 15 5.00 135 16 ^5.00 135 - • • - ^• 17 5.00 135 18 5.00 135 19 5.00 135 20 5.00 135 21 5.00 135 22 5.00 135 23 5.00 135 34 5.00 135 5.00 135 ***** PRECIPITATION OR EV.-.PORA.TION DATA ***** JUNTION' GE^OMETRY DATA * CHANNEL GEOMETRY DA' + «*******-r***-'*-*-*-*''*''^ * MAP TO WASP4 TAP CHi KHOAJQCDHQGHN KHTN & CN t.XIX N,1, 2003 VAN DE TRAO DOI NUdC CUA CAC DAM NUOI THUY SAN VUNG CLTA SONG VEN BIEN Pham Van V>; Khoa Khi tuang Thuy vdn & Hdi duOng hoc Bai hpc Khoa hpc Tu nhien, DHQG Hd Npi L Dat v a n d e Viec sU dung mat nii6c bai trieu va xiing ngap man d vung ciia song ven bien de nuoi thuy san diJdi hinh thiic quang canh hoac quang canh cai tien da va dang dien rat manh me b hau khap cac tinh ven bien nUdc ta Qua trinh b4t dau tii nhiing nam 60, nhUng dien at nhiing nam gan day, dac biet la thi triidng tieu thu thuy san (tom, cua, ca, ) dudc md rong va da mang iai ldi ich thiet thuc, tang thu nhap cho ngUdi lao dpng Tuy nhien, viec quai de xay dUng dam nuoi thuy san khong hdp ly, khong co quy hoach cu the, c6 luc pha ca riing ngap man, da lam ton hai chang nhiing den tai nguyen ritng - vanh dai dai bao ve vung cUa song ven bien, ma dan tdi sU thay doi cac yeu to' moi trUdng cua dam nuoi, lam giam nang suat va cuoi cung la dam nuoi bi thoai hoa Nguyen nhan lam thoai hoa cac dam nuoi thuy san co nhieu nhUng mot nhiing nguyen nhan cd ban va quan la sU trao doi nUdc gnia song - bien vdi dam va pham vi dam; lUu iUdng nUdc trao doi khong nhiing bao dam nguon gio'ng, lUdng thiic an ma giiip tri on cua cac yeu to moi trUdng cac dam nuoi Bao cao trinh bay nhiing ket qua nghien ciiu ve qua trinh trao ddi nu6c d mot so' dam nuoi thuy san d viing cUa song ven bien thuoc viing cUa song Hong - Thai Binh Phiftfng p h a p n g h i e n cvTu Do dac trUc tiep cac yeu to' vat ly, hoa hoc, sinh hoc va dpng lUc d viing cUa song, tai cua cong lay nUdc vao dam va dim Tinh toan sU trao ddi nU6c giUa song - bien v6i dam va hoan luu nUdc uam Ket q u a v a t h a o l u a n TCV.' 't- \Lm nuoi thuy san theo hinh thiic quang canh va quang canh cai i'"' " b'*lin^ ciia song ven bien nUdc ta ( Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Thai Binh, N D' h Thiia thien - Hue, Quang Ngai ) nhieu nam (1984, 1987, 1993, I99fi '^000) cho thay p h i n Idn cac d^m co nang suat kha cao nam d i u khai , , ' " i- ^inm dan va den nam thii tu- thii nam thi bi thoai hoa, ngUdi lao dong ihac, sau gi^^^' ^ , , , ^ ^- i - -" ,- , r u lA buoc phai pha bo Lung co iuc xay sU co o nhiem moi trUdng am an tnua i^ 118 d§m lam cho vat nuoi chet hang loai nhu d Do Sdn (Hai Phong) 1992, Thuan An (Thto Thien - Hue) 1994, Ket qua khao sat chi tiet mpt nu6c trieu vao thang 03/1993 va thang 09/1993, va tfnh toan cho khu vUc dam Nha Mac (Quang Yen - Quang Ninh) Dien tich dam nuoi theo hinh thiic quang canh va quang canh cai tien thUdng tif 20 den 200 ha, m6i dam bo' tri c6 - cong va - mang tran de lay nu6c vao dim, dam co the co hoac khong co kenh d i n nUdc va co cac bai su vet phan bo theo kieu da bao Dien bien mot so'yeu to'vat ly va dpng luc ngoai song Bien ddi mUc nU6c tren song Nam ( thupc he thong cUa Bach Ding) mang tinh dieu hoa vdi bien dp cao nhat la 310 cm n g ^ 5/3/1993 Nhu vay mUc khong cua song n i m thap hdn mUc khong ciia co'ng tdi 130 cm va tha'p hdn mUc nUdc dim tdi 280 cm Muc nUdc cUc dai ngoai sor.g :hi cao hdn mUc khong cua co'ng 195 cm, nUdc chi bat d i u chay vao dam tu Jy c^^ 150 cm ^tren muc khong ciia cong) vao mua kho va 170 cm vao miia mUa tUdng iing vdi 280 cm den 300 cm so vdi mUc khong tren song Trong ky nUdc cudng chi co - la mUc nUdc ngoai song c6 dp cao dang ke so vdi mUc nUdc dam Dp man ciia nUdc song bien doi phiic tap theo ca khong gian va thdi gian Tren mat cat ngang song va dem dp man co bien dp dao dpng kha Idn 10%o P^V- thupc vao liic nUdc len hay nUdc riit, dp rpng cua dai riing ngap man, kenh dan nUdc vao co'ng va mang tran (Bang 1) I B a n g Dp man (%o) ngoai dim Nha Mac 4-5/ 03/1993 "^^ ^T^hdi gian (h) Dia diem Song Cong Mang 23 21 21 21 22 24 23 25 27 25 30 30 30 25 26 26 ^"-"" ^ Trao ddi nUdc giiia song Nam va song Bach D i n g vdi cac dim d bai Nha Mac m thdi ky khong khai thac chi xay - trieu cao cua nUa thang mat trang va thdi gian lay nUdc vao d i m mot khong qua gid, Ket qua tinh toan cho thay lUdng nu6c trao ddi giiia song va d i m khong Idn; tai dim vdi dien &h 85 va c6 mot cong mot mang lay nUdc, tdng lUdng nUdc vao dim m6i igay bien ddi tii 0.68.10^ m^ den 0.8 10^ m^ va chiem 16 - 20% tdng lUdng nUdc rong d i m Tai d i m vdi dien tfch 200 c6 mpt cong doi va hai mang tran, lUdng lUcic lay vao d i m mpt dem la 1.14 10^ m^ den 1.4 10^ m^ va chiem 10 - Phqm Vdn Vi i 15% tong ludng nude dam Nhu vay mpt ddt trieu cao lUdng nUdc lay vao dim chi khoang - 10^ m^ vdi dam va - 10^ m^ vdi d i m Neu khong c6 liicJng nude nao thoat khoi d i m thi tren dien tfch cac d i m mpt ddi trieu «ao, mUc nude d i m co the tang len 25 - 35 cm, nhUng mpt lUdng nUdc Idn bi thoat qua co'ng, rd ri qua de bao, trao ddi nUdc vdi cac d i m xung quanh, bay hdi nen thUc te mUc nUdc chi tang khoang 20 cm ca thdi ky t n e u cao Vao miia kho bay hdi manh nen mUc nUdc tang dim nho hdn So heu thuc va tinh toan (1987, 1993) cho tha'y lUdng nUdc trao ddi dem qua ca hai miia cung ;hi chiem 10 - 20 % so vdi tdng lUdng nUdc dim Su lan truyen nUdc d i m Theo ddu hieu dp man: Dp man cua nUdc Crong dam bj chi phdi bdi dp man nU6c song xam nhap vao qua co'ng Ket qua phan tfch dp man theo mat cit tii cdng lay nUdc vao sau d i m va dpc bd dim cho thay anh hUdng ciia nUdc song qua :6ng vao d i m chi lan truyen nhanh mpt dem tai khu vUc lan can ciia :ong gidi han 300- 400 m, ndi c6 mUdng d i n nUdc vao tii cUa cdng thi nUdc co the lan truyen xa hdn (bang 2) Tai khu vUc trung tam va dinh dim,dp man ft bien doi va la ket qua cua qua trinh can bang nUdc tiing thang NgUdc lai, khu vuc ^an ciia cong dp man bien doi manh thdi ky lay nUdc vao dim B a n g Dp man ( %o ) dim Nha Mac 21/09/1993 (tii co'ng lay nUdc tdi dinh dim) ^"^"^^Qidi gian (h) Dia diem 8,5 12 9,5 6 ^""" .^^ Cdng Nl(giiia dam) N2(dinh dim) Tin I todn hoan lUu: Ket qua tfnh toan hoan luu ngang cua nUdc dim Jfcam Van Huan, 1994) vdi nhieu phUdng an khac (dim co co'ng, cdng; c6 [io va khong c6 gio thdi, dp sau d i m thay ddi va co cac bai sii vet dim) cho hay tdc dp dong chay chi idn 20 - 30 cm/s d khu vUc lan can cUa cdng Su trao doi i^clc chi the hien ro d khu vUc each eUa co'ng 1/3 - 1/2 dp dai ciia dim; co bai su 'etmiic dp trao ddi nude kem hdn so vdi d i m thoang, khu vUc dinh d i m quanh nam 'i^^c ft dUde trao doi (dp man thap, rong reu phat trien manh) *' Ket l u a n Vdi dien tfch dam nuoi thuy san d viing ciia song ven bien tii 20 den 200 ^achi CO - cdng va mang tran thi lUdng nUdc trao ddi giiia song va d i m qua it chiem 10 - 20% tdng lUdng nUdc d i m ; hdn niia, dam lai khong co he }ng mUdng dan hdp ly nen nUdc d khu vUc dinh cac d i m nuoi it dUdc trao ddi gay dong Do muon tri dn dinh cua cac yeu to' moi trUdng d i m nuoi va tang uon gidng- lupng thiic an c i n phai tang luu lUdng nUdc trao ddi giiia song vdi d i m pham vi d i m b i n g each xay so' lUdng co'ng lay nUde phii hdp vdi dien tfch m nuoi, bo trf he tho'ng mUdng dan hdp ly de nUde lay tii song vao co the lUu ong toan dam Ngoai c i n phai n i m dUdc quy luat dien bien theo thdi gian khong gian ciia mUc nude trieu d viing cUa song ven bien de co the lay dudc lupng ;cic tdt nhat cho d i m nuoi li lieu tham k h a o If Dang Ngpc Thanh va nnk, Dac trUng he sinh thai viimg trieu cua song Bic Viet Nam va kha nang sii dung cho nuoi trdng hai san, Tuyen tap bdo cda: Hpi thao khoa hpc quoc gia "Nghien cdu vd qudn ly viing ven bien Viet Nam", Ha Npi, 1993 Dang Trung Thuan va nnk Mo hinh he kinh te sinh thdi phuc vu phdt nong thdn ben viing, NXB Nong nghiep, Ha Npi, 1999 trien IJOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Nat., Sci., & Tech., T.XIX, N Q I 2003 m WATER EXCHANGE OF THE INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE MARICULTURE POOLS IN THE ESTUARY AND THE COASTAL AREA P h a m V a n Vy Department of Hydro Meteorology and Oceanology College of Science, VNU Nowaday, the m a n c u l t u r e is rapidly developing m Vietnam The data l ^ d from the surveys m the estuaries and coastal is processed The results ivethat the water discharge rate between estuanne and pools is only 10 - 20 % of i^ater mass m the pool, the salt is changed from the estuary mto the pool and in • pool (from 10 %o to 15 %o); an environment factors m the pool is changed and , T • ^]-r Hprrpased To grow productivity in the pools m che tetivity in the pool is aibO decreasea i g H stal the water discharge rate between estuary- coastal zone and is increased