Một số điểm giáo viên cần lưu ý khi sửa lỗi bài viết cho sinh viên

MOT SO DIEM GIAO VIEN CAN LUU Y KHI SQA L | BAI VIET CHO SINH VIEN THS PHAM THI THANH THUY (A) Khoa Anh, Trudng DHNN I DAT VAN DE Trong qui trinh day bgc ndi chung, ngoai ngfl ndi rieng, ngudi gilo vien la mot nhan to quan trgng, gifl nhflng vai trd khic nhau: ngudi td chfle elc boat ddng gilng day va bgc tap, ngudi quin ly, gilm sit, ngudi giup do, ngudi kiem tra, dinh gil ket qui bgc tap cua sinh vien Vi the' hg ed nhieu nhiem vu khIc tflng budi len Idp Dae biet, qui trinh day viet cho sinh vien bing tieng nude ngoai, gilo vien ed nhiem vu rat quan trgng la dgc vl neu nhan xet ve ndi dung bli viet cua sinh vien eung nhu sfla nhflng Idi ve giao tiep, ve van hoi, ve ngdn ngfl ma sinh vien mic phai Bli viet se khdng di sau vio vai trd dgc va pbin bdi cua gilo vien ve ndi dung bli viet cua sinh vien, ml chi neu mot so diem ml gilo vien can luu y sfla nhflng Idi ve ngdn ngfl bli viet cua hg II NO! DUNG Co sd cua viec sua Idi 1.1 Thenao laloi? Theo cic nba ngdn ngtt (Corder, 1967, Bartholomae, 1980, Homing, 1987, Bates et al, 1993, Brown 1994, etc.) ed su khIc gifla hai khai niem mistake vl error • Mistake (tam ggi la Idi nhdm Idn) la su su dung sai he thd'ng 342 ngdn ngfl da bie't, thudng Id Idi, nham lln, hoac trang thai co the met mdi, xfle ddng Vi the, Idi nham lln khdng he thd'ng, rdi rac, la dieu tat ye'u giao tiep Ngay d ngudi ban ngfl eung cd the mIc kieu Idi sfl dung tieng me de • Cdn error (tam ggi la Idi hi thd'ng) thi la d e b ngudi bgc ngoai ngfl su dung sai he thd'ng ngdn ngfl dich, la Idi mang tinh he thd'ng, phan anh trinh tiep thu ngdn ngfl dich cua ngudi bgc Ngudi ta khdng bi mIc Idi kieu dung tieng me de VI du: mot sinh vien cd the mie Idi ve su boa hgp gifla chu vi ngfl (he study) mot hay hai lln mot bli viet thi duge coi la Idi nhim lln - mistake Nhung cd sinh vien khIc lai mIe Idi nhu vay nhieu lln cflng mot bli viet hoac d e bli khIc nhau, mang tinh he thd'ng Trudng hgp sinh vien da mac Idi he thd'ng - error Nhu vay, tfl su khae gifla hai kieu Idi ta cd the thay ngudi bgc trinh kbic thi mIc phai Idi khIc nhau, va Idi he thd'ng (error) cd the chi cdn la Idi nham lln (mistake) sau mot thdi gian b'gc tap Hon nfla, ngudi bgc cd the tir sfla Idi nbim lln chfl khd cd the' tir sfla Idi he thd'ng duge neu khdng ed su nhan xet phin hdi tfl phia ngudi day Ve phia ngudi day, giao vien eung d n cd thii thuc te ban sinh vien mIc Idi, bdi le Idi khdng cdn don thuan II su phIn anh phuong phip day bgc cua gilo vien, ma la dau bieu cho thay qui trinh bgc dang dien Ndi mot elch khIc, viec ngudi bgc mIc Idi qui trinh hgc ngoai ngfl la khdng the trinh duge Van de dat cho gilo vien II phai hie'u rd ve Idi va su cin thiet phai sua Idi, phan tich Idi de' biet duge tai sinh vien mIc Idi, Idi nao sinh vien tu sua duge, tfl gilo vien biet Idi nao hg ndn sfla va sfla vIo luc nao II thich hgp nbat Tai chung ta can sua loi bai viet cua sinh vien? Sinh vien hgc ngoai ngfl can duge gilo vien phan hdi ve Idi vi: - Day la mot phan quan trgng qua trinh hgc mot ngdn ngtt thfl hai Nhu vfla ndi d trdn, qua trinh hgc ngoai ngfl, ngudi hgc cd the mac Idi trudc dat duge mflc hoan thien ve ngdn ngfl Ngudi hgc hoac tu nhan Idi, hoac duge ngudi khac chi cho Idi, tfl ho 343 phan tich Idi, xlc dinh mflc nghiem trgng cua Idi de de muc tieu sua Idi, ddng thdi tu dieu chinh de' gilm bdt Idi vl trinh mlc Idi Day eung la muc tieu cua viec sinh vien phan tich Idi va viec giao vien phan bdi ve Idi So dd sau day cho thay dudng budng phan tich Idi: (Bates, 1993:13) Feedback Errors determined Errors prioritized Goals set Study of errors and Error correction Independent selfmonitoring - Viec sfla Idi khdng nhflng giflp sinh vidn ban che mlc Idi hay mlc It Idi ban d e bli viet sau, ml cdn giup hg hgc duge vl tuan thfl theo nhflng chuan viet cua van phong khoa hgc va chuyen mdn - Qua nhieu nghien cflu (Leki 1986, Ancker 2000) nhieu sinh vien hgc ngoai ngfl mong mudn bli viet cua minh duge giao vien sfla Idi vi hg thay van phong viet khIc xa so vdi vaa ndi, va viet chuin xlc la rat cIn thiet giao tiep 1.3 Loi nao can sua? Khi nao can sua? Gilo vien cIn nhd ring neu sfla tat d e Idi bai viet cua sinh vien thi ddi lai llm cho sinh vien hoang mang, mat bflng thfl hgc tap Nhflng tieu chi sau cd the giflp gilo vien chgn Idi de chi bay sfla cho sinh vien: - Uu tien cho nhflng Idi nghiem trgng lam ngudi dgc bieu llm hay khdng bieu bai viet Day thudng la nhflng Idi tdng the (global error), lam sai lech nghia cua d cau hay doan, vi du nhu Idi ve trat tu tfl: my father's friend - my friend's father, a race horse - a horse race ; Idi sfl dung tfl ndi sai / shouted at her beeausel sol so that she stopped talking to me ; hay Idi d u true cau When we lost our way in the forest and it got quyte dark were very scary Mac du gilo vien thudng tap trung chfl y ban den ndi dung bai viet cua sinh vien d nhflng Ian diu d e em viet nhip (early drafts), 344 giao vien ed the chi va siia nhflng Idi tdng the nhu vi du trdn d nhflng bai viet nhap - Gilo vien nen sua nhflng Idi sinh vien thudng sai lap di lap lai nhieu lln bai viet ke d nhflng Idi cue bd (local eror) (tflc la Idi chi lam sai lech thdng tin cua tflng tfl don le ma khdng Inh budng nhieu den nghIa chung cua cau, doan VI du: Idi ve thdi cua ddng tfl, trg ddng tfl, quIn tfl, v.v) Ldi cue bd cd the de sfla d nhflng lln viet sau (later drafts) - Gilo vien sfla ldi eung nen xem xet den trinh tieng, tbii do, muc dich cua tflng el nhan sinh vien Vdi mot sinh vidn mdi hgc, dfl bai viet cua cdn nhieu ldi kbIc thi eung chi cd the tap trung vao ehfla mot hay hai loai ldi mot Ian ma thdi Sinh vien tu tin cd the ddn nhan bli viet bi sua nhieu ldi ma khdng mac cam Nguge lai, sinh vien ye'u ban cd the hoang sg hoac nin long, va khdng mudn viet nfla - Neu bai gilng ma giao vien da de cap den mot loai ldi vai lln nhung sinh vidn vin mlc ldi dd thi gilo vien cd the chi bai viet cua sinh vien, du ring ldi dd khdng phli la ngbidm trgng nbat hoac thudng xuyen nbat Ndi tdm lai, gilo vien, du mudn hay khdng, eung nen chi cho sinh vien thay nhflng ldi tdng the de hg cd the sfla, tranh lam sai lech nghia cua bai viet Cd the tdm tit so dd ldi nhu sau: Chgn ldi nao? Ldi tdng thi: Lam anh budng de'n nghIa toan cau/ doan VD: trat tu tfl, cau true cau, tfl ndi i Ket qua: khdng anh budng nhieu den ket qua giao tiep Ket qua: Anh budng den ket qua giao tiep t