Thúc đẩy động lực học tập ngoại ngữ cùa sinh viên không chuyên thông qua các bài kiểm tra tiến độ progress tests

THUC DAY D O N G LUC HOC TAP NGOAI NGU CUA SINH VIEN KHCDNG CHUYEN TH(!)NG QUA CAC BAI KIEM TRA TIEN OO (PROGRESS TESTS) NGUYEN THI MINH TAM, B.A Khoa Ngogi ngu Chuyin ngdnh, Trudng DHNN Trong thuc te bgc tap va giang day, dac biet giang day va bgc tap tie'ng nude ngoai, dgng luc hgc tap (motivation) ddng vai trd quyet dinb den ket qua thu dugc Theo Ellis, R (1998), ddng life hgc tap hgc tap ngogi ngu Id ede dgng thdi do, edc trgng thdi ed klid ndng tdc dgng di'n su nd lue ci'ia ngudi hgc hgc ngogi ngu Ellis phan ddng luc bgc tap bdn loai, tieng Anh ggi la: instrumental motivation, integrative motivation, resultative motivation, va intrinsic motivation Ddng luc hgc tap dugc tao tfl nhieu yeu to, ca yeu to ben va ca yeu to ben ngoai Cac ye'u to ben ngoai cd anh hudng den ddng luc hgc tap cua ngudi bgc gdm cd: ket qua hgc tap va su ghi nban danh gia cua giao vien ddi vdi ket qua bgc tap do, cac yeu cau ma giao vien de ddi vdi qua trinh bgc tap cua ngudi bgc, cac bai kiem tra, cac tai lieu va boat ddng bgc tap, tham chi la su tbi dua ve tich hgc tap giua cac vien Idp Yeu to ben cd tac ddng den bflng thu, ddng luc hgc tap cua ngudi hgc chinb la quan diem cua ban than ngudi hgc, cua nhflng ngudi xung quanb, tham chi ndi rdng la quan diem cua loan xa hoi ve su thiet yeu cua viec hgc tap Cu the, mot mdi trudng xa hoi danh gia cao ve vai trd cua viec day va hgc ngoai ngfl, ngudi hgc ngoai ngfl se cd bflng thu hgc tap Idn ban nhieu so vdi nhflng ngudi hgc mot xa hoi ma ngoai ngfl khdng 437 dugc coi trgng Bdi vay, giao vien ngoai ngfl cd the tac ddng true tie'p vao cac ye'u td ben ngoai va gian tie'p vao cac ye'u to ben ndi tren de thuc day ddng luc bgc tap ngoai ngfl cua ngudi hgc O Viet Nam, tai cac trudng dai hgc va cao dang chuyen ngoai ngfl, ddng luc hgc tap ngoai ngfl duong nhien la ra't Idn va giao vien khdng nhat thiet phai dau tu qua nhieu cdng sfle de khuyen khich sinb vien qua trinh bgc mdn hgc Nbung ddi vdi giao vien cac trudng khdng chuyen ngfl, viec kich thich nang cao ddng luc hgc tap cho sinb vien la mot van de khdng de dang Tam ly chung cua cac sinb vien khdng chuyen ngfl cac trudng dai hgc va cao dang d Viet Nam la khdng coi trgng mdn ngoai ngfl trudng, coi day la mot mdn phu, khdng phuc vu cho chuyen nganh nen muc tieu dat la hgc chi de "qua " cac ky tbi, khdng can qua cham chi Thuc te cho thay ngoai ngfl ludn la mot cdng cu trg giup hflu ich mgi llnb vuc nghien cflu, va cac trudng dai bgc va cao dang khdng chuyen ngu, ngoai ngfl bd trg cho sinb vien rat nhieu qua trinh tu dao tao tbdng qua viec dgc va dich tai lieu tham khao chuyen nganh bang tieng nude ngoai De kbac phuc nban tbfle thieu toan dien cua sinb vien khdng chuyen ve hgc tap ngoai ngfl, giao vien ngoai ngfl d nhflng trudng dai hgc va cao dang khdng chuyen ngfl can thiet phai thuc day ddng luc bgc tap cua sinb vien qua viec tac ddng vao cac ye'u td ben va ben ngoai nbu da de cap tren day Trong bai viet tac gia xin phep chi de cap den viec nang cao bflng thu, ddng luc bgc tap ngoai ngfl cho sinb vien bang each tac ddng vao mot cac yeu td tren, la tbdng qua cac bai kiem tra tien qua trinh hgc Theo Penny Ur, P (1996), "bdi kiem tra test dugc dinh nghia Id mot logi hogt dgng vdi elide ndng chinh Id eung cap thdng tin vi mde ngudi dugc kiem tra ed khd ndng thuc hiin dugc mot ky ndng hay cdng viec ndo Clidc ndng ndy giup phdn Met hogt dgng kiem tra vdi hogt dgng luyin tap vi muc dich cua luyin tap chi Id thudn thuc hiin hogt dgng hgc tap Thdng thudng, edc bdi kiem tra chu yeu phuc vu cho muc dich ddnh gid trinh cua ngudi hgc thdng qua diem sd (tliang diem ede bdi kiem tra dugc thii't ki'sao cho diem sd cd 438 khd ndng xde dinh mde kii'n thdc eiia ngudi dugc kiem tra) Tuy nhiin thuc ti'eho thay muc dich viec su dung ede bdi kiem tra vd hogt dgng ddnh gid trinh cua ngudi hgc chi triing khdp vdi nliau d mot mde nhat dinh ndo vi bin cgnh ede bdi kiem tra, gido viin ed the ddnh gid trinh cua hgc viin bang nhieu cdch khde, vd nguge Igi, edc bdi kiem tra cdng cd the dugc su dung cho nhiiu muc dich khde elid khdng dan thudn elii de ddnh gid trinh cua ngUdi hgc " Theo Hughes, A (1989), cac dang bai kiem tra cd the dugc phan loai dua tren tieu chi la cac dang tbdng tin dugc danh gia qua cac bai kiem tra ay Nbu vay cac bai kiem tra ed the chia thanh: bai kiem tra miic ky nang (proficiency tests), bai kiem tra miic tiep thu kien thirc da hgc (achievement tests, loai dugc chia bai dang cu the la kiem tra tie'n qua trinh hgc - progress tests va kiem tra cudi qua trinh hgc hay cudi mot giai doan hgc nbu hgc phan, hgc ky - final tests), ngoai la mot sd dang kbac nbu cac bai kiem tra phan tich (diagnostic tests) hay kiem tra phan loai (placement tests) Cac bai kiem tra du la loai nao cung mang bieu qua eung cap thdng tin Idn Cac bai kiem tra tie'n (progress tests) giup giao vien xac dinh mot each thudng xuyen mfle tiep thu bai cung nbu mflc chuyen can cua sinb vien, tfl cd nhflng dieu chinh phu bgp ndi dung va phuang phap day Ddi vdi sinb vien, cac bai kiem tra dugc tien hanh deu dan chinh la yeu cau dat cho viec on tap va bd sung kien thflc thudng xuyen Chinh nhflng bai kiem tra tien giup nang cao bflng thu, ddng luc hgc tap cua sinb vien, luc dau chi don thuan la bflng thu dugc sinb mot each thu ddng nham dat ket qua cao kiem tra, nbung dan dan se tao nen thdi quen bgc tap ngoai ngfl thudng xuydn va bieu qua vdi bflng thu hgc tap cao, chu dgng tiep can tai lieu, tham gia cac boat ddng hgc tap gid bgc ngoai ngfl Dac biet, mdi bai kiem tra tien cung cap cho sinb vien nhflng thdng tin kip thdi ve nhflng kie'n thflc chua nam chac hay nhflng kien thflc can bd sung, giup sinb vien cd dinh hudng rd rang qua trinh tu cung cd, md rdng kien thflc Cac bai kiem tra tien dugc tie'n hanh 439 sudt qua trinh hgc tao nen cho sinb vien nban dinh ve su thdng nhat xuyen sudt cua qua trinh hgc, mdi bai kiem tra la mot "mde" danh dau cac giai doan bao ham ca mot qua trinh hgc keo dai Nhflng bai kiem tra tien dugc giao vien cham diem va nban xet chi tiet cung la ca sd giup sinb vien cd kha nang tu danh gia nang luc bgc tap cua minb tuong quan vdi cac vien kbac lap, tfl tao nen khdng hgc tap tbi dua cang cao De kiem cbflng tac dung cu the cua cac bai kiem tra tie'n den bflng thu, ddng luc hgc tap cua sinb vien khdng chuyen, tac gia bai viet da tie'n hanh dieu tra tai Idp 49CC nbdm - Trudng Dai hgc Cdng nghe - Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi Nam bai kiem tra tien dugc su dung sudt bgc phan nam hgc 2004-2005 deu la nhflng bai kiem tra tap trung bam sat nhflng van de ngfl phap, tfl vung ca ban, ky nang dgc hieu va viet d trinh so cap (elementary) dua tren giao trinh New Headway Elementary Hai bai test va test dugc tien hanh trudc ky tbi van dap giua ky, test dugc tien hanh sau kiem tra gifla ky nen cd khoang each thdi gian rat xa test va tests Test va test dugc tien hanh deu dan sau test Ke't qua thu dugc nbu sau: Hirng thu, ddng luc hgc tap the hien qua ty le sinh vien cd ket qua tren cac progress tests 440 Sd dl tac gia bai vie't dung bieu dd ve sd sinh vien dat ket qua tren de the hien qua trinh thay ddi bflng thu hgc tap cua sinh vien la bflng thu, ddng luc hgc tap va ke't qua hgc tap ludn cd mdi quan he chat che vdi nhau, bflng thu hgc tap cao tao ket qua td't va ngugc lai Bieu dd tren cho tha'y, vao dau hgc ky, bflng thu hgc tap cua sinb vien khdng cao nbung chi sau giao vien sfl dung progress test tbi bflng thu bgc tap tang rd ret Sinh vien dau tu nhieu thdi gian va cdng sfle ban cho viec bgc tap ngoai ngfl Chinh bdi vay, ke't qua cua test 2, sd sinb vien cd ket qua cao tang vgt Tuy vay, sau mot khoang thdi gian dai tap trung vao ky nang nghe, ndi chuan bi cho ky tbi van dap gifla ky, viec cung cd thudng xuyen cac ky nang va kie'n thflc ndi dung cua kiem tra tien tam thdi bi tri hoan nen bflng thu, ddng luc hgc tap cac ky nang, cac kie'n thflc tren khdng cdn dugc tri d mflc cao nbu trudc dd Dieu giai thich cho su giam sut ve tich ke't qua d test Ket qua test giam sut cung cd tac dung phan anh cho sinh vien thay su thieu hut kien thflc va mdi lien quan chat che gifla su chuyen can hgc tap va ket qua bgc tap, vay gian tie'p tao nen ddng luc thuc day sinb vien cung cd lai ne ne'p va phuang phap hgc tap Do dd ket qua d test va dugc cai thien rd ret Ty le sinb vien dat ket qua tren tang cao the hien bflng thu hgc tap dugc cung cd va day len mflc cao Cd the ndi viec tien hanh test 3, 4, mot each deu dan va lien tuc da dem lai ket qua kha quan Dua tren cac co sd ly luain va nhflng thdng tin thuc te thu dugc tfl thuc nghiem tren day, cd the' rut mot sd kinb ngbiem su dung cac bai kiem tra tien de nang cao bflng thu hgc tap cua sinb vien nbu sau • Cac bai kiem tra tien can dugc bidn soan cho sat chuong trinh hgc, cd mdi lien quan chat che vdi va vdi kiem tra cudi ky, tfl dd tao nen tinh he thdng rd net chuong trinh hgc, giup sinh vien nban thflc rd ve tinh thiet thuc cua cac bai kiem tra tie'n la phuc vu true tie'p cho kiem tra cudi hgc phan Nbu vay viec 441 tie'n hanh kiem tra tien la su the hien gian tie'p yeu cau cua giao vien vdi viec dn tap viec dn tap kien thflc thudng xuyen cua sinh vien, tfl dd kich thich sinh vien tu giac tham gia hgc tap va lam cac bai kiem tra bet kha nang cua minb Day la mot yeu td quan trgng giup giao vien thu dugc tbdng tin xac thuc nha't va trinh va bflng thu, ddng luc hgc tap cua sinh vien • Cac bai kiem tra tien can dugc tien hanh vdi khoang each deu dan nham giup sinh vien ludn gifl dugc tu tudng hgc tap pha'n dau khdng ngflng, tri bflng thu hgc tap cua sinh vien lien tuc d mflc cao, tranh tinh trang bai kiem tra qua each xa lam loang tinh than hgc tap, giam sut ve bflng thu hgc tap (thuc te cho thay mot bflng thu hgc tap cua sinh vien giam sut tbi viec eung ed lai se rat ton thdi gian va cdng sfle cua ca giao vien va sinh vien) • Cac bai kiem tra tien can dugc nban xet chi tiet giup sinh vien cd dinh hudng rd rang cung cd va bd sung kie'n thflc, tfl dd cd kha nang tu dn tap trau ddi kien thflc bieu qua, tao su tu tin va dam me bgc tap Dieu chinb la nban to ben tac ddng den bflng thu bgc tap cua sinh vien • Cac bai kiem tra tie'n can dugc cha'm diem va ket qua dat dugc sau mdi bai kiem tra can dugc giao vien cdng bd rd rang Dieu giup sinb vien cd kha nang tu nban thflc, danh gia ve su tie'n bd hay nbang qua trinh hgc tap cua ban than, ddng thdi tao khdng tbi dua bgc tap Idp Cac ke't qua cung can dugc giao vien luu lai nbu mot tai lieu xac thuc ve nang luc kie'n thflc, su chuyen can, tien bd va kha nang tiep thu cua tflng sinb vien tfl dd cd su dieu chinb phu bgp ve phuang phap va boat ddng day Viec ddng vien khen nggi tinh than hgc tap cua nhflng sinb vien dat ke't qua td't la vd cung can thie't trong viec tang cudng ban nfla bflng thu bgc tap cho nhflng sinh vien dd, ddng thdi tao nen ddng luc cho nhflng sinb vien khac cung cd gang Su nban thflc va khdng hgc tap la nhflng yeu td ben ngoai cd tac ddng vd cung tich cue den bflng thu hgc tap cua sinh vien 442 Tai lieu tham khao Brumfit, C.J., Johnson, K (1979) The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching Oxford University Press Doff, A (1988) Teach English Cambridge University Press Ellis, R (1997) Second Language Acquysition University Press Oxford Mathews, A., Spratt, M., Les Dangerfield (1985) At the Chalk Face British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Ur, P (1996) A Course in Language Teaching Cambridge University Press 443 ... la kiem tra tie'n qua trinh hgc - progress tests va kiem tra cudi qua trinh hgc hay cudi mot giai doan hgc nbu hgc phan, hgc ky - final tests) , ngoai la mot sd dang kbac nbu cac bai kiem tra phan... phan tich (diagnostic tests) hay kiem tra phan loai (placement tests) Cac bai kiem tra du la loai nao cung mang bieu qua eung cap thdng tin Idn Cac bai kiem tra tie'n (progress tests) giup giao vien... danh gia qua cac bai kiem tra ay Nbu vay cac bai kiem tra ed the chia thanh: bai kiem tra miic ky nang (proficiency tests) , bai kiem tra miic tiep thu kien thirc da hgc (achievement tests, loai