Tham gia của người dân trong các dự án nước ngoài ở một số làng xã thuộc tỉnh quảng trị

THAM GIA CUA NGlTO^I DAN TRONG CAC DlT AN Nl/OC NGOAl Of MOT SO LANG XA THUOC TINH QUANG TRI Ta Long & Ngo Thi Chinh "Dan biet, dan ban, dan lam, dan kiem Ira" da duge Nha nuoc Viet Nam chu truong lir lau, nhung viee hien thyc boa no dang la muc lieu phan dau eiia loan xahgi De hieu eu the sy ticp can cua nguai dan vai cac eong viee cQng iihu boat dgng cua xa hoi, cac lac gia ciia ban bao cao da de cap toi quan he giira nguai dan vai chinh quyen va cac to chuc xa hoi a cap lang xa ciing nhu vai ca quan tai trg Irong lap ke hoaeh, trien khai va quan li dy an nuae ngoai tai mot so lang xa noi c6 nguai Kinh va nguai Van Kieu sinh song Ihuge hai huyen Gio Linh va VTnh Linh cua linh Quang Tri thap nien dau cua nhihig nam 2000 NhiTng dy an thuge cac 16 chuc nuae ngoai duge nghien cuu gom ADB, UTslICEF, Chia Se (SIDA), Plan International Vietnam, RAF (thuge EU), World Vision (Hoa Ki), Oxfarni Hongkong, SODI (Cong boa Lien bang Diic) va Ha Lan Nhijng nhan to chi phoi moi quan he duge tim hieu theo muc lieu, doi tirgng huang Igi, phuang thuc to chuc, quan li cung nhu each trien khai cua tirng dy an khac Viee phan fieh tac dgng cua cac nhan to se giup minh hoa va hieu cu the ve dieu kien tham gia ciia nguai dan vao cac dy an phat trien va ho trg cgng dong noi chung, cua nirac ngoai noi rieng a Viet Nam thai gian gan day De thay ro sy khac biet muc tham gia cua nguai dan cac dy an chung toi Irinh bay theo hai khoi sau: Dy an Chia Se va cac dy an ngoai Chia Se Phan bo cua cac du an nuuc ngoai tai cac xa duffc khao sat Tai 10 xa duge khao sal nhung dy an nuae ngoai bao gom: - Dy an Plan International Vietnam: tai cac xa Linh Thugng, Gio Hai, Gio MT (huyen Gio Linh), VTnh Giang (huyen VTnh Linh) TS Dan toe hoc, Hoi Dan too hoc/ Nhan hoc Viet Nam 246 THAM GIA CUA NGUOi DAN TRONG CAC DU AN - Dy an ciia World Vision: tai cac xa VTnh Khe, VTnh Thai va VTnh Lam (hu>en VTnh Linh) - Dy an ciia Oxfam Hongkong: tai xa VTnh Truong (huyen Gio Linh) - Dy an trSng rirng phong ho cua ADB: tai cac xa Linh Thugng va Linh Hai (huyen Gio Linh) - Dy an lam nghiep Viet - Due: tai cac xa Gio Hai (huyen Gio Linh) va VTnh Tii (huyen VTnh Linh) - Dy an cua SODI: tai xa Linh Hai - Dy an Dinh duong Viet Nam- Ha Lan: tai xa Gio Viet - Dy an Phong chong tai nan, thuong fieh Ire em: tai xa Gio Viet - Dy an tai hoa nhap cgng d6ng cua nguai h6i huong (RAF): tai xa Gio Viet - Dy an Chia Se: tai cac xa VTnh Truong, Linh Hai, Gio Viet (huyen Gio Linh), VTnh Khe, VTnh Thai va VTnh Tu (huyen VTnh Linh) Cac dy an tren duge thyc hien a cung hoac khac dia ban Chang ban, dy an Chia Se duge triln khai cimg xa vai nhiJng dy an da hoan hoac dang duge trier khai ciia cac 16 chuc Oxfam H6ng K6ng, Sodi, ADB, Plan, Worid Vision, UNlCIiF, RAF tai cac xa VTnh Truong, Linh Hai, Gio Viet, VTnh Khe, VTnh Thai va \Tnh Tii; dy an ciia Plan duge trien khai cung dia ban vai cac dy an rirng cila M)B, Lam nghiep Viet - Dire va Chia Sc tai cac xa Linh thugng va VTnh Ttj; nhung tai cac xa Gio Hai, Gio MT, VTnh Quang va VTnh Long ngoai Plan kh6ng c6 dy qu6e te nao Trong c6 xa nhu Gio Viet lai kha nhilu dy an nuae ngoai nhu Chia Se, Tai nan thuong tich Ire em, Dinh duang Viet Nam- Ha Lan, Tai hoa nhap cgng dong cua nguai h6i huong Tham gia cua nguol dan cac du an ngoai Chia Se 2.1 Muc tieu, doi tugng hu&ng Igi, noi dung cua du an Muc tieu du an - Xoa doi giam ngheo: Day la muc lieu cua cac dy an cua Plan, World Vision, Sodi, Oxfam H6ng K6ng, Dinh duong Viet Nam- Ha Lan, Tai hoa nhap cgng d6ng - Phong ch6ng tai nan, thuong tich Ire em ciia UNICEF - Dy an lam nghiep ciia ADB va dy an Lam nghiep Viet - Due Doi tugng huang Igl ciia du an - Ciia dy an Plan: Ire em ngheo tir - 14 tu6i 247 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU - Ciia dy an World Vision: hge sinh mam non tai trung hge co so, nhom tuong h6 phat trien theo cac mo hinh san xuat n6ng nghiep g6m ca ho ngheo va ho kh6ng ngheo - Ciia dy an Oxfam H6ng Kong: ho ngheo - Ciia dy an Lam nghiep ADB va Viet - Due: ho gia dinh e6 nhieu lao dong - Ciia dy an Tai hoa nhap cgng d6ng: nhiJng nguai vugt bien s6ng a Irai li nan H6ng K6ng hoi huong - Ciia dy an Dinh duang Viet Nam - Ha Lan: cac ba me luoi sinh vanu6i eon - Ctia dy an Phong ch6ng lai nan, thuong fieh Ire em: gia dinh c6 Ire em lir luoi Ngl dung du an - Dy an Plan: + Cap loan bg saeh giao khoa cho hge sinh ngheo thuge tieu hge va trung hge CO so, trang hi goc hge tap eho mot chau thuge ho gia dinh duge huong Igi + To chuc let trung thu 1/6, cac boat dgng the thao va vui choi, hoi thi kien thuc, sang tao tre em, cau lac bg ph6ng vien nho + Xay dirng co so lang phuc vu Ire em loan xa nhu truong mam non cac phong da nang, san choi, tuong bao ciia cac truong fieu hge va trung hge co so, : tram y te va mua sam cac trang thiet bi ciia tram; lam cau, eong bao dam an loan eho hge sinh tren duofng toi truong, xay dyng kenh muong noi dong; cai tao dong rugng cua nhung ho gia dinh e6 hge sinh ngheo + Ho trg eho ho ngheo xoa nha lam, lam gieng nuoc saeh, nha ve sinh + Ho trg ho can ngheo va ho ngheo phat trien san xuat + Tap huan cho cgng dong, dac biet la cac ho can ngheo va ho ngheo ve nuoc saeh va ve sinh moi truong, ky ihuat chan nuoi, thii y, IPM (quan li sau benh), lac, liia + Tham gia tap huan ve Quy che dan chu (QCDC) lai cae xa VTnh Long va VTnh Chap - Dy an World Vision: + H6 trg ho ngheo va ho khong ngheo thuge cae nhom Tuong ho phat trien de trien khai cac mo hinh lr6ng trgt, chan nuoi, ngu nghiep va che bien hai san nham bao dam an loan luong thyc, xay dyng cae e6ng Irinh Ihuy Igi (dap nuoc, kenh muong, tram bom) 248 THAM GIA CUA NG\J0\ DAN TRONG CAC Da AN + Nang cao chat lugng giao due tai cac truong mau giao, lieu hge va trung hge CO sc + Cai Ihien sue khoe cua cgng dong, dac biet ciia phu nir va tre em + Thong qua tin dung tiet kiem de day manh phat trien ben v&ng cho cac ho ngheo + Nang cao nang lye lap ke hoaeh quan ly, giam sat va danh gia cae boat dgng phat trien; tao dieu kien de cae doi tugng de bi t6n thuong tham gia vao cac boat dgng phat Irien + Tuyen truyen QCDC tai cac xa dy an, lam bang tin va pan6 co khau hieu ve QCDC tai hai xa VTnh Tii va VTnh Son, tap huan noi dung QCDC eho cgng d6ng tai hai xa VTnh Chap va VTnh Long - Dy an tai hoa nhap cgng d6ng ciia EU: eho nhiing ngudi h6i huong vay v6n tao thu nhap de tai hoa nhap cgng d6ng - Dy an Lam nghiep ADB: tr6ng rung phong ho tai cae xa VTnh Truong, Linh Thumg va Linh Hai - Dy an Lam nghiep Viet - Due: dau tu eho ho gia dinh tr6ng rirng san xuat (tram, bach dan) de phii xanh dat tr6ng, d6i trgc - Dy an dinh duong Viet Nam- Ha Lan: + Phat to roi va tai lieu ve eh6ng suy dinh du&ng tre em + Tap huan ve ch6ng suy dinh duong tre em eho cac cgng tac vien y te va cgng lac vien dinh duong th6n ban, nhan vien tram y te xa de hg tap huan cho cae ba ne tu6i sinh va nuoi eon - Dy an Phong chong tai nan, thuong tich tre em cua UNICEF: + Tuyen truyen ve phong eh6ng tai nan, thuong tich tre em bang to roi, pano, ap piieh, lap bien canh bao a nhimg noi de xay tai nan + Tap huan eho truong ph6 th6n, can bg phu nil va nien, c6ng tac vien y te thonban, giao vien va nhan vien y te xa ve phong chong tai nan, thuong tich tre em + Cap nap gieng va eiii giu tre cho cae gia dinh co tre lir - tu6i; trang hi den, qual may, dien eho cac truong mam non cac thon, truong tieu hge va trung hge :o so 2.2 Tham gia ciia nhicng nha chirc trdch dia phuang vd ngu&i dan cac lu an Tham gia cac du an ciia Plan Dy an lai Quang Trj duge dieu hanh hoi Van phong Plan Van phong tnhn khaidy an thong qua cac trg ly chuong Irinh ciia minh phu trach cac xa va Ban dieu 249 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU hanh ciia cae huyen co dy an Ban dihu hanh chiu trach nhiem quan ly va dilu hanh dy an tai xa Ban g6m truong ban, mot ban, ke loan va liy vien phu trach cae hg huong Igi Khi xay dyng eong Irinh (truong hge, tram xa, kenh muong ) ban dy an duge lap Thanh phan ciia ban thuge vao hang rnue eong Irinh Chang ban c6ng trinh la truong lieu hge hay truong thong co so, hieu truong la truong ban dy an, vien g6m mot can bg liy ban nhan dan (URND) hoac Mat Iran T6 qu6c (MTTQ) xa va mot dai dien phu huynh hge sinh Khi eong trinh la truong mam non thon ban ban quan li dy an g6m hieu truong (truong ban), truong th6n va hoi truong phu huynh Khi xay dyng tram xa tram truong la truong ban, hai can bg xa la vien Khi xay dyng kenh muong tuoi lieu chii nhieni hgp tac xa (HTX) dich vu n6ng nghiep la truong ban, truong thon hoac bi thu chi bg thon va mot dai dien cua dan th6n huong Igi la vien N§u la eong trinh h6 trg hg ngheo nhu nha o, gieng nuoc, ban quan li dy an (QLDA) g6m trg ly chucmg trinh cua Plan, mot can bg xa va mot can bg MTTQ, ba nguoi se hku mgl hai nguai dia phuong lam truong ban Ban QLDA dya vao kinh phi va nhu cau xay dyng de xac dinh vat tu, to chiie dau thau, mua vat lieu xay dyng, bao gia va fien cho Plan cQng nhu quan ly eong trinh Viee ho trg san xuat eua hg gia dinh duge thyc hien nhu sau: LOT giong duge cap cho hg d6i tugng ciia Plan, giong cay tr6ng (nhu th6e, lac ) duge c^p cho tat ca cac hg xa theo dien tich chii nhiem HTX nong nghiep xac nhan Ngoai viee tham gia thong qua cae dai dien ban QLDA neu tren, nguai dan eon tham gia dong gop lien de xay dyng cae c6ng trinh: o Gio MT (Cjio Linh) viee dong gop theo ti le 20% (theo 6ng Tran Dinh Xao, Ph6 Chii tich UBND xa) d xa LinhThugng d6ng g6p ciia cgng dong chiem 16,5%\ Phu nil tham gia quy tin dung tiet kiem bang v6n cua Plan va fien gui lay lai chi hoi phu nir thon quan ly Nhimg ngiroi vay phai tra lai suat 1,5%/thang, nhirng nguai gui duge huong lai suat 0,6%/thang, 0,9% lai su§t vay de chi cho quan ly phi cua quy Tham gia cac die an ciia World Vision Dy an World Vision tai cac xa duge quan ly va dieu hanh hoi ban QLDA xa Chu tich va Pho Chii tich UBND xa lam truong ban va ban, can bg dia chinh xa la cgng tac vien chuyen trach (xa VTnh Thai, huyen VTnh Linh) Duoi cae thon co mot cgng tac vien finh nguyen thon; cae truong mam non, lieu hge va trung hoe ca so CO mot e6ng tac vien van thu Ban dieu hanh du an Plan xa Linh Thugng Bao cao ket qua thuc hien chuong trinh hgp tic giira t6 chuc Plan vai eong dong xa Linh Thugng 1995 - 2008 20/6/2008, tr.7 250 THAM GIA CUA NGUOl D A N TRONG CAC D L / A N Truoc nam 2005 tharn gia ciia nguoi dan vao lap ke hoaeh ciing nhu ke hoaeh boat dong ciia dy an hi han che: Th6ng thuong ban quan ly dy an huyen th6ng bao von hang nam eho ban quan ly dy an xa de lap ke hoaeh theo ITnh vyc nong nghiep, ngu nghiep, giao due, y te, xay dyng co so tSng Th6ng tin de lap ke hoaeh cho dy an ciia xa duge cgng tac vien chuyen trach thu thap tir cac cgng tac vien tinh nguyen th6n, sau lap ke hoaeh trinh lanh dao ban quan ly dy an xa xem xet roi trinh len ban quan ly dy an huyen Sau ke hoaeh duge huyen phe duyet ban quan ly dy an xa va cac nhom tuong ho trien khai dy an Tir nam 2005 ban phat trien viing va ban QLDA huyen da bat dSu viee lap kS hoaeh tir duoi len theo nhu cau eiia nguoi dan cac th6n, sau d6 t6ng hgp lai de lap ke hoaeh phan b6 kinh phi cho cae xa hgp ly hon Tham gia de xuat nhu cau dh ban QLDA xa lap kh hoaeh ciing nhu thyc hien ke hoaeh kh6ng chi g6m cae hg ngheo ma ca hg khong ngheo, vi hg ciing duge huoT.g Igi true tiep theo nhom tuong h6 Nhung nguoi dan kh6ng duge chii dgng vh v6n, vi no thuge vao sy can d6i long kinh phi dy an ciia xa eho cac th6n Tai euge hgp voi nhom quan ly giam sat dy an Chia Se va 10 hg nguoi Van Kieu fii6n Khe Cat, xa VTnh Khe (VTnh Linh) duge hoi mgi nguoi thich dy an ciia chuc Chia Se hay Tam Nhin (Vision) hon, co nhi6u nguoi noi thich TSm Nhir ban, vi hg kha ciing duge huohg Igi true tiep va nho c6 thi thiic day hg ngheo phat trien va vi Tam Nhin hay cap gao eho hg ngheo Nhung ciing tai cuoc hop moi nguai da neu han ch6 tham gia va huong Igi eiia nguoi dan dy an Tam Nhin nhu: th6n khong duge biet truoc kiiihphi ca nam; hg ngheo muon duge h6 trg sua nha, lam gieng phai dii dieu kien hoar chinh c6ng trinh, tuc phai co ti en them vao cho eong trinh, neu khong, phai de ho khac Tam Nhin kh6ng de hg huong Igi ly lam hoac thue nguoi lam eong trinh, ma ban giao e6ng trinh eho hg Cach ho trg true tiep bang hien vat (bo, Ign, giong cay tr6ng) khien hg huong Igi khong chii dgng viee lya chgn gia ca va eh at lugng Tham gia du an Idm nghiep cua ADB Chii dy an la ban QLDA finh (thuge Chi cue Kihm lam) Ban QLDA lap chi lieu rirng phong hg loan tinh, th6ng bao chi tieu cho cac xa dh dac, thic ke ke hoaeh tr6ng rirng va thong bao cho cac thon ban de dan dang ky nhan tron^, cham soc va bao ve voi ban QLDA Tham gia dy an chi nhirng hg c6 nhieu lao dgng Vi rirng phong hg duge dau ngu6n xa nha, nguoi tr6ng rirnj; phai s6ng a lan tai rirng, dieu kien sinh boat kho khan, sau h6t hgp d6ng lien lai duge loan cham toi hang nam, nen nhieu nguoi tham gia du an da bo da Igp dong 251 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU UOl THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU Tham gia du an Lam nghiep Viet - Dire Cling nhu dy an eiia ADB, tham gia dy an phai la nhirng hg gia dinh dong lao dgng Tuy vay, kh6ng phai tat ca cae hg e6 dii dieu kien deu tham gia, vl moi nguoi kh6ng dam chae tir eat soi cay co the phat trien rirng va cho fiiu hoaeh, mac dii dy an da dau tu lir khau cay may de lam dat lr6ng cay gi6ng, ckp cay giong va lien eong tr6ng va lien cham soc hang nam Trong dy an Uy ban nhan dan xa quan ly tir khau rirng toi thu hoaeh vu dau de thu lien cac hg nop tra dy an (500.000d/ha) va ti§n thue rirng kinh th (200.000d/ha) Tham gia du an cua Oxfam Hong Kong Trong dy an cac hg ngheo binh xet hg huong Igi nuoc saeh, Uy ban nhan dan xa xet cap cay gi6ng de cai tao vuon tap theo danh saeh hg ngheo Gieng duge can bg dinh canh dinh eu tinh thue thg dao va hg huong Igi them lien de hoan chinh Ngoai cac hg ngheo va cac hg can ngheo duge tham gia lap huan ky thual ve trgt, chan nu6i va y te cgng dong Trong xay dyng nha tre va truong mam non bang lien tai trg eiia dy an, xa khong lam chii dau tu nen khong duge chgn nha thau, ma chi nhan e6ng trinh huyen ban giao 2,3 Nhan xet ve tham gia cua chinh quyen vd ngudi dan cac du an nude ngoai tgi cac xa duge khao sat Vi tham gia cua chinh quyin vd cac dodn thi xd hoi Trong tat ca cac dy an chinh quyen xa d6u phu trach ban QLDA Ban chiu trach nhiem truoc ban QLDA tinh (dy an Plan ggi la Van phong viing, dy an World Vision ggi la Ban phat trien viing) va ban QLDA huyen viee thu thap nhu cau ciia nguoi dan va cgng dong de lap ke hoaeh va de trinh ban QLDA huyen to chuc trien khai cac boat dgng thyc hien ke hoaeh cua dy an Viee thyc hien cac boat dgng co the ban QLDA cua cae don vi hiiru quan lam ehii dau tu va giam sat (nhu dy an ciia Plan) hoac ban QLDA cua xa true tiep lam ehii dau tu va cgng dong giam sat (nhu dy an cua World Vision, dy an Lam nghiep Viet - Due) Ciing co truong hgp ehii dau tu khong phai la ban QLDA xa, ma la ban QLDA huyen hoac tinh (Oxfam Hong K6ng, ADB, Sodi, UNICEF, Dinh duong Viet Nam - Ha Lan) Cac doan the xa hoi, can bg thon ban, cae finh nguyen vien ciia thon ban (nhu cgng tac vien y te th6n ban, e6ng tac vien dinh.duong th6n ban ), can bo cae 252 THAM GIA CUA NGl/Ol D A N TRONG CAC D U A N truong hge (mam non, lieu hge, ph6 lh6ng trung hge) va tram y th xa tham gia cae boat dgng ciia dy an nhu quan ly cae eong trinh, dy tap huan lai xa r6i ve lap hu4n lai eho ca cgng d6ng hoac cae d6i tugng huong Igi tai thon ban Vi tham gia cua ngudi dan Cac d6i tugng huong Igi (nhu hg ngheo, hg dac biet ngheo, hg khong ngheo, hg ngheo co Ire em tir - 16 tu6i, phu nu tu6i sinh de va nu6i con, hg co tre en tir - tu6i ) tham gia cac boat dgng ciia dy an theo cac m6 hinh san xuat ciia ihom tuong h6 phat trien (nhu eiia World Vision); theo cac lop tap huan ve nong nghiep, ngu nghiep, y te, giao due, dinh duong tre em, phong ch6ng tai nan thucng tich tre em; hoac dong g6p von doi ung xay dyng co so tang eiia th6n xa (truong hge, tram y te, kenh muong, giao th6ng) ciing nhu xoa nha tam, lam gieng nuoc saeh rong cac dy an dang duge noi toi, nhu cau cua nguoi dan va cua cgng d6ng thon ban lu6n duge diing lam co so de xay dyng ke hoaeh va phan b6 kinh phi tai trg Nhung noi chung ehua dy an nao de nguoi dan tham gia lap ke hoaeh, de hg huong Igi lam chii dau tu Ngoai dy an ciia Plan, tat ca cac dy an co dau tu xay dyng CO so lang deu kh6ng de don vi huong Igi (nhu thon ban, nha truong) lam chu lau tu cae c6ng trinh, ma nhieu lam chi giam sat e6ng trinh Co dieu dang chu y la hau bet cac dy an a nhimg dia phuong duge khao sat khong chii trgng toi QCDC nen khong tuyen truyen van dgng vh quy chh ciing nhu khong dua no vao quy che boat dgng ciia dy an Dy an Plan toi nam 2007 da tai trg kinh phi de tuyen truyen tap huan va hoi thi ve OCDC tai mot s6 xa Nhung n6i chung viee de nguoi dan tiep can voi cac chinh sacl phap luat cua nha nuoc eon rat ban che Tham gia ciia nguoi dan cac du an thuge chuung trinh Chia Se 3.1 Cae nguyen tac cua chuong trinh Chia Se Chia Se la Chuong trinh hgp tac giira hai chinh phii Viet Nam va Thuy Dien ve giam ngheo duge thyc hien tai ba tinh Ha Giang, Yen Bai, va Quang Tri Chucmg trinh duge xay dyng tren cac nguyen tac sau: - Phan cap quan ly va sy tham gia ciia chinh quyen cac cap dia phuong quai ly va lap ke hoaeh - Binh dang va e6ng bang qua trinh quyet dinh, tiep can cac ngum lye va dich vu ciing nhu co hoi phat trien giira nhirng nguoi va cae ben than gia 253 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU* TU - Tinh minh bach va trach nhiem giai trinh quan ly tai chinh va cac ngu6n lye khac, chia se th6ng tin, quyet dinh ciing nhu su dung c6ng quy - Dat xoa doi giam ngheo lam trgng tam ciia cae boat dgng ciia chuong trinh - Cae boat dgng va ket qua eiia chuong trinh phai ben virng - Cach tiep can da nganh, tuc cae boat dgng ciia chuong trinh phai tren nhieu ITnh vyc va thu hiit nhieu nganh tham gia nhu: giao due, y te, cham soc sue khoe, xay dyng co so tang, tao thu nhap tir n6ng nghiep va phi nong nghiep, quan ly tai nguyen thien nhien va an sinh xa h6i\ Cae nguyen tac tren kh6ng nhae toi thual ngir dan chii, nhung no da ham chiia noi dung dan biet, dan ban, dan lam, dan kiem tra cua QCDC Hon the nija, n6 kh6ng chi dat quan he giira cac cap thu bac theo chieu dgc (phan cap va tham gia eiia dia phuong), ma dat quan he theo chieu ngang giira nguoi dan voi cac khu vyc nha nude va tu nhan voi cae nganh dich vu khac each tiep can da nganh cua no ciing nhu quan he giiJa nguoi dan voi nguyen lac eong bang va binh dang De tim hieu hieu qua cua dan chii hoa cae boat dgng ciia chuong trinh Chia Se tai cac xa duge khao sat tai Quang Tri, chiing toi se dya vao nhiing nguyen lac neu tren 3.2 Lam chu ciia ngudi ddn cac hogt dgng ciia cac du an ciia Chia Se Tiep can ciia ngudi dan vai QCDC vd cac van ban phdp liidt Chia Se to chuc De bien QCDC toi tan hg dan ban quan ly chuong trinh Chia Se da cho xuat ban cuon Tom tat ngl dung quy chi thuc Men ddn chu a xd (ban hanh kem theo Nghi dinh s6 79/2003/ND - CP 07 thang nam 2003 ciia Chinh phii Cu6n saeh da giai thieu t6m tat nhung noi dung sau: - Lgi ich eiia dan chii - chuong ciia QCDC Nghi dinh s6 79,/2003/ND- CP quy dinh: + 14 viee nhan dan can phai duge lh6ng bao + viee nhan dan duge ban va quyet dinh Iryc tiep + viee nhan dan ban, tham gia y kien, chinh quyen xa quyet dinh + 11 viee nhan dan giam sat, kiem tra Chia Se - Mot xu huang mai xoa doi giam ngheo Vietnam MPI & SIDA, Ha Noi, tr 19 254 THAM GIA CUA NGUOl DAN TRONG CAC DU AN + Cac phuong thuc thyc hien QCDC + Trach nhiem ciia cac eo quan, to chuc va ca nhan thyc hien QCDC + Nhiem vu, trach nhiem va quyen ban cua truong th6n xay dyng thon ban + Thuong phat thyc hien QCDC Nhirng noi dung torn tat da duge trinh bay ket hgp giua chu va hinh ve sinh dgng, giiip nguoi dan de tiep thu va de hieu quy che Ban t6m tat noi dung QCDC da duge de tai trung lam hge tap cgng d6ng eiia cac th6n ban dl nguoi dan den hgp co the lay dgc Tuy vay, eho toi giiia nam 2008, lai mot s6 trung tam hge tap eong dong eiia cac th6n van mot so ban ciia cu6n t6m tat QCDC, mac du so ban in ehua bang s6 hg thuge viing dy an Chia Se eiia Quang Tri Trong bao cao boat dgng va bao cao tien ciia ban quan ly dy an tinh va hai huyen Gio Linh va VTnh Linh ciing nhu bao cao long hgp finh hinh thyc hien cac boat dgng eiia Quy phat trien dia phuong (LDF) a cac xa qua cac nam kh6ng thay noi toi hoac khong e6 muc boat dgng tap huan hoac hoi thao ve QCDC, nhung thay nhUng tap huan ve nuoc saeh, an loan thyc pham, an loan giao thong cho hge sinh Nhirng boat dgng tim hieu luat ciing duge ban QLDA cac huyen va xa triln khai: a huyen VTnh Linh cac nam 2005 - 2006 co cac lop tap huan ve luat Dat dai, luat Dan sy, luat H6n nhan va Gia dinh, luat Bao ve va Cham soc ba me va tre em Tai mot s6 xa thuoc huyen Gio Linh nhu VTnh Truong, Linh Hai, Gio Son, Gio Chai, Gio Hoa, Gio Viet ban QLDA xa da 16 chuc cac lop tap huan ve cac luat nhu Dat dai, Khieu nai va T6 cao, Dan sy, H6n nhan va Gia dinh, Cu tni ' Xet theo tan suat tap huan, Luat Dat dai duge tim hieu bien va nhieu lan nhat sau la Luat Hon nhan va Gia dinh, Luat Cu tni, Luat Dan sy Bg luat Khieu nai A a To cao co duge tap huan nhung chi thay a xa Gio Hoa (huyen Gio Linh) hien tugng khieu nai, khieu kien deu c6 a tat ca cae xa Nhung bu6i tap huan ve cae bg luat n6i tren xuat phat tir nhu cau eiia nguoi dan tai cic thon ban xa va e6 lien quan toi euge s6ng cua ca nhan va gia dinh hg Charg ban tai cae xa Linh Thugng va Gio Viet (huyen Gio Linh), nhieu gia dinh CO em em di lam xa tai cac tinh va ph6 phia nam, nhung hg khau thuong tni van huge quan ly cua que huong, nen nguoi dan rat can tim hieu Luat Cu tni de hieu va ekii dgng quan he voi chinh quyen dia phuong ve cu tni va quan li hg khau Bm QLDA huyen VTnh Linh: Bao cao boat dong nam 2005 Bao cao lien nam 2006 va 20)7 Ban QLDA Chia Se cac xa Gio Viet, Gio chau, Gio Hoa, Gio Son, VTnh Truong va Liih Thuong: Bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien VDF va LDF tu 2004/2005 - 2008 255 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU Tuong ty, Luat Dat dai la cam nang d6i voi nguoi dan va nguoi eo dk a, dat vuon thyc hien cac quyen lgi va nghTa vu ve dat dai doi vofi nha nuoc Luat Khieu nai va T6 cao cGng rat can thiet khong chi doi voi nhirng nguoi eo nhiing van de hue xiie voi chinh quyen dia phuong, ma ca voi nhung nguoi quan ly va doi vo-i nhiing nguoi kh6ng eo van de khieu kien, nhung mu6n biet nhirng quy djnh viee khieu kien va xii ly khieu kien Tuy vay, ban quan li dy an Chia Se cac cap a Quang Tri kh6ng th6ng nhat tra dy an co so, nen viee tap huan tra va giam sat eiia cgng d6ng eo so kh6ng duge quan triet Trong khieu nai, khieu kien eiia nguoi dan ve thyc hien chinh saeh voi nguoi eo eong voi each mang dien nhieu noi, nhung khong thay ke hoaeh boat dgng cua Chia Se tai Quang Tri e6 lap huan ve Nghi dinh uu dai nguoi CO c6ng (s6 210/2004/ND - CP 20/12/2004) Truong hgp tuong ty cung thay voi luat Ngan saeh nha nuoc Day ciing la hien lugng ehua duge lam ro Ngudi ddn vd dan vi huang lgi duge dip can thong tin Cac th6ng tin ma Chia Se giiip nguoi dan duge tiep can khong chi la Quy che dan chii a ca so, cae van ban phap luat, ma ca ve thyc trang phat trien kinh te- xa hgi can xac dinh qua trinh lap ke hoaeh va quan ly phat trien dia phuong Nhirng van ban phap luat va Quy che dan chii o co so khong chi giiip nang cao y thuc eiia nguoi dan ve quyen lgi va trach nhiem eong dan ciia minh, ma trang bi cho hg kien thue ve quyen lgi va trach nhiem nhung ITnh vyc co iien quan toi doi s6ng ciia ca nhan va gia dinh hg, toi quan he giiJa hg va chinh quyen dia phuong Nhijng thong fin ve thyc trang phat trien kinh te - xa hgi cua xa va thon chi duge cung cap mot each he thong va day dii nho viee lap ke hoaeh va quan ly phat trien dia phuong ciia Chia Se cung nhu nho lap ke hoaeh phat trien kinh te - xa hgi cua xa theo phuong phap phan cap va tham gia ciia Chia Se Tuy vay, Chia Se van ehua the giiip nguoi dan tiep can nhung thong tin ve nguyen nhan eiia cac vuong mac ma nguoi dan gap phai thyc hien cac che va chinh saeh, quan ly va su dung tai nguyen dia phuong ma tren da neu Ngay tiep can ciia nguoi dan voi thong tin ve ke hoaeh long hgp cua Chia Se loan xa ciing nhu ke hoaeh phat trien kinh te - xa hgi etia xa duge lap theo phuang phap cua Chia Se phai chang da thuan lgi? Ngudi ddn vd dan vl huang lgi duge tlip can vd quart ly ngudn luc giam ngheo vd cae dich vuphdt trlin mot each eong bang vd binh dang Kh6ng phai chi Chia Se, ma cae chuong trinh mye fieu qu6e gia, cac dy an cua tinh, huyen ciing nhu cac dy an nude ngoai tai Quang Trj deu su dung cae nguon 256 THAM GIA CUA NGUOl DAN TRONG CAC D\J AN lye dc phat trien va xoa d6i giam ngheo Nhung cae chuong trinh, dy an d6 ho^c chinh quyen xa th6n ciing nhu nguoi dan khong duge lam chii dy an va ehii dai tu, hoac duge lam chii dau tu nhung kh6ng duge lam ehii dy an (nhu dy an ^lan), ma chi la nguoi / don vi huong lgi, phan anh nhu cau cho nha tai trg hoac che ban QLDA huyen, linh Trong cac dy an ciia Chia Se, nguon lye giam ngheo (tuc Quy phat trien dia phi-ong - LDF) duge giao cho tirng cap theo ti le duge xac dinh, voi s6 lugng theo dar so va so hg ngheo Cac don vi huong lgi tir huyen toi xa, th6n va hg ngheo duf/c lam chu LDF Rieng huyen va xa, hg huong lgi duge lam chu dau tu xay dyng eo so tang; huyen, xa, thon va hg huong lgi duge lam chii cac boat dgng sir durg LDF theo cac hgp phan da duge quy dinh ciia Chia Se Th6ng qua cac hgp phan eiia dy an nguoi dan va cac don vi huong lgi duge tiep can voi cae dich vu ve nang cao nang lye, phat trien san xuat, tao thu nhap va an sinh xa hgi Cae don vi cung cap dich vu, dac biet la cac don vi kinh te tu nhan, duac tiep can voi nguoi su dung dich vu mgl each binh dang, khong hi ban che boi linh cue bg eiia che quan lieu, bao cap va doanh nghiep qu6c doanh Nguoi huong lgi Iryc tiep hay gian tiep khong bj phan biet ve gioi tinh, than phan giau ngheo, dan toe da s6 hay thieu s6, tat ca deu duge quyen su dung LDF theo cac hgp phan ciia dy an chinh hg xay dyng va binh xet c6ng khai cac cuoc hgp thon ban Cach fiep can va quan ly ngu6n lye va cac dich vu phuc vu giam ngheo eiia nguoi dan va cac don vi huong lgi la hieu qua ro ret va khac biet ciia Chia Se voi cac chuong trinh, dy an quoe gia va qu6c te khac a Quang Tri Tuy vdy, vdn su khac biet vi so Idn vd gld tri huang lgi true tlip cua ede hg ngheo giira cdc xd Tham gia lap ki hoaeh vd quan liphdt trlin dia phuang Phan cap va trao quyen ve quan tri tai chinh, hanh chinh va chinh tri ciing nhu ke hoaeh da duge Quy che dan chii ciing nhu nhieu chinh saeh duge nha nuoc Viet Nam chii truong, nhung viee hien thyc h6a chiing kh6ng phai mot sam mot chieu Trong cac dy an eiia Chia Se, sy tham gia ciia nguoi dan the hien qua phan cap va trao quyen giOa huyen, xa, thon va nguoi dan lap ke hoaeh va quan ly phat trien dia phuong (LPMD) cGng nhu cac boat dgng thyc hien LDF Sy phan cap va trao quyen kh6ng chi the hien qua quan he giira ban QLDA cac cap voi va voi nguoi dan cac boat dgng LPMD va thyc hien cac hgp phan ciia 257 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU H Q I THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU dy an, ma ca quan ly va su dung LDF, giam sat va danh gia chu trinh LPMD ciia cgng dong O ddy, quan hi giira cdc cap khong chi duge phan biet vi chuc nang, md cd vi quyin han vd trdch nhiim.Viec phan cap va trao quyen duge thue hien theo nguyen tac dan chu va binh dang giiia cac ben va cac phln tham gia, nhung ciing duge phan biet ro trach nhiem giiia chiing, kh6ng v6 to chuc va v6 trach nhiem Day la tac dgng can ban cua Chia Se d6i voi sy phat trien lau dai ciia dia phuang Chae tac dgng se duge tri ben viing, vi no da di vao tam thuc, tra nhu cau va tao nang lye eho nguoi dan lam ehii sy phat trien ciia dia phuong Ve dieu kien tham gia ciia nguoi dan qua cac du* an nuuc iigoaii duoc khao sat tai Quang Tri Qua khao sat ve sy tham gia ciia nguoi dan xay dyng ke hoaeh, lain chii dau tu (duge chu dgng su dung von dau tu de thyc hien ke hoaeh da duge duyet), quan li hoac giam sat cae dy an nude ngoai tai Quang Tri co the thay phgm vl vd muc tham gia ciia ngudi ddn tiiy thuge vao muc tiiu ciia tirng du an vd vdo viee phan cdp trao quyin ciia nha tai trg ciing nhu chinh quyen a dia phuong cho cap ca sa, cdc to chirc xd hoi ciing nhu cho ngudi ddn Thyc chat eiia dan ehii tham gia eiia nguoi dan ciing la phan cap va trao quyen cho hg tham gia va quyet dinh Hon nua, dan ehii hoa khong chi doi vdi nguoi dan, ma la quan he giiia cac cap eiing nhu cac khu vyc kinh le- xa hgi voi Cong khai, minh bach ciing nhu binh dang va eong bang tiep can va huong lgi cac nguon lye va cac che do, chinh saeh cGng la van de thuong, vuong mac thyc hien quyen ciia nguoi dan o cae dia phuong Boi vay, de cap toi rao can doi voi thyc hien QCDC d co so phai di ihang vao rao can doi vdi sy phan cap, trao quyen va tham gia ciia ngudi dan trcong eac boat dgng d eo sd ciing nhu doi vdi sy tiep can va huong lgi cae nguon lye, eac che do, ehinh saeh ciia hg Phan cap gan lien vdi trao quyen la mue lieu quan trgng ciia dan chii hoa bg may chinh quyen Xua cho tdi va ca mai sau, sy phan cap ve chuc nang to chtjc va quan ly cae boat dgng phat trien d moi cap da va van can duge thyc hien, vi cap tren khong the lam thay cap dudi Nhung sy trao quyen, tijc phan cap ve quyen ban va trach nhiem giira cae cap, sy chuyen giao quyen lye tcua cap tren eho cap dudi hien eon dang la mue lieu phan dau quan ly nha nude: 258 THAM GIA CUA NGUOl DAN TRONG CAC DU AN IDong Ihdi, tham gia cua ngudi dan viee xay dyng, thyc hien va quan ly cac boat dong phat trien ciing la doi hoi bue thiet, nhung hien dang la mue lieu vuon tdi ciia dan chu co sd Tai lieu tham khao Bardlf, Paul (2003) Nhom ho trg lap ke hoaeh thuoc Chia Se - Chuong trinh hgp lac Viet Nam - Thuy Dien ve giam ngheo Phu luc 3: Ndng cao nang luc vd khudn khd hge hoi Ha Noi Chia Se - Chuong trinh x6a doi giam ngheo Viet Nam - Thuy DiSn (2007) Tom tdt not dung Quy che thuc hien ddn chii a xd (Summary of the Grassroots Democracy Decree) Nxb My thual Ha Noi Chia Se - Chuong trinh hgp tac Viet Nam - Thuy Diln v^ giam ngheo (2006) Cdm nang hudng ddn thuc hien chuang trinh Chia Se Tdi lieu dung cho cdp xd, thon bdn Ha Noi Fritzen, Scott & Nachink, Stefan (2003) Chuang trinh hgp lac Viet Nam -Thiiy DiSn wh giam ngheo Qudn ly vdphdn cdp d Viet Nam Ha Noi Hoang Nggc NSng H6ng (2003) Nhom hS trg lap kh hoaeh thuoc Chia Se- Chuang trinh hgp lac Viet Nam - Thuy Dien ve giam ngheo Phu luc 8:Tdm tdt nhung quy dinh vegidi ngdn vdn ODA a Viet Nam Ha Noi Hiynb Dam (2008) Nhin lgi 10 nam thuc hien Quy chi ddn chiidxd, phuang, thi trdn Tf.p chi Cgng sdn dien tir, s6 20(164), 2008 Lhdt Mat trdn Td qudc Viet Nam sd 14/1999/QHlO ngdy 12/06/1999 Lvgt Ngdn sdch nhd nude so 01/2002/QHl 16/12/2002 Lidt Thanh tra s6 22/2004/QHl 15/06/2004 10 McElwee, Pamela & Ha Hoa Ly (2006) Ddy mgnh chieu sdu ddn chu vd tang cu&ng