XAHOHCKHH TOCYHAPCTBEHHBIH YHHBEPCHTET MHCTHTYT HHOCTPAHHBIX #13BIKOB
MOCTBY3OBCKHH ®AKYJIBTET
JOAH XbIY 3YHI
CEMAHTHKA H ®YHKHHOHHPOBAHHE IIPHCTABKH 3A- B PYCCKOM #13BIKE H HX CHOCOBBI IEPE/AUH
HA BbETHAMCKHH §13bIK
Trang 2
XAHOHCKHH TOCYHAPCTBEHHBIH YHHBEPCHTET MHCTHTYT HHOCTPAHHBIX #13BIKOB
MOCTBY3OBCKHH ®AKYJIBTET
DOAN HUU DUNG
Lop: Nga K16
CEMAHTHKA H ®YHKHHOHHPOBAHHE IIPHCTABKH 3A- B PYCCKOM #13BIKE H HX CHOCOBBI IEPE/AUH
HA BbETHAMCKHH §13bIK
Trang 3OIJLABUJIEHHE
OBELUTAHHE S5 5G G 2G 9 9 96 9.96 9.98 9.98 98 9.96 9.99 9.96 96.96 6 96 0 00 0000000000000 I BJLAI'O/IAPHOCTTE, 3039999999999 9999099909000 060 0000000066666 H ABTOPE(ĐEPATT oGGGGGG G555 S55 5505550955000 00000090000000000000090 Il OI JLA B.)IICHH EÍ E S5 5 ( G G G 6 96 9.96 9.96 9.96 4.98 9.94 9.96 9.96 9.96 9.96 96 90 0 00 0000000000000 IV CHHHCORK COKPA IHIEH HH ƒ1 2G G G 5 5 5 5 9 95 5 95 5 955 955 5555 505 85085880888 VỊ CHHHCORK TABUJIHHI H CX EM 00G G G5 5 5 5 5 5 55055059955 955 955 0 00000000858 vil BBBEJHIEHHHE, G5 G5599 99999999 9.99.04.9904.04 10000 6000000000 666666 1
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2 TIPEMET HCCJIE7OBAHH - - Ă G C1 338881538 883153 188819351181 1531 1888185111181 rrrrs 2 3 LIE7Ib H 3AHAH WCCJIE/IOBAHHf - +5 E88 E3 EE 988 E93 E58 E323 ke czxer 2 4 METO/IbI HCCJIEJIOBAHHfT S13 E20588 8815538888558 188153111 81153 1118151111 se rrr 2
hs (0/96 20./0):0/1):7iiÝẢẢ 2
6 TEOPETHuECKAáä1 W IIPAKTHHECKAS LIEHHOCTTb - << << << << =<< << << *<s+ 3
U%\)4.4À47.027.1;9130: aiẳ 3
IOLABA 1: CEMANHTHEKA H ŒœYHKHIHOHHPOBA HHE: - 4 LIPHCTABEH 3A- B PYCCKOM /Z13BIKTE G0 9 10666666 4 1.1 TIPHCTABKA W PYCCKWE IJIAIT'OJIBHBIE IIPWCTABKT - «555 s++++++**3 4 JNNẽãh? 7 1) 1n eẦằee 4 1.1.2 Poste NPCQDUKCA 6 OOPAZOCAHUU Ø/1Œ2OJ1OG cc c5 << 510101 1111311111151 11354 9 1.1.3 Cemanmuyueckoe coomnowmenue becnpucmasoUyHblx U NDUCMAGBOUNbIX
CIVAZOTIOB ve cece eccc cece eee c eee ee eee e eee ee EEE AEE EEE EEG EEEEE EAA GLEEEEE AAA EEE EEE AELEEEEE EGGERS EEE GAA EEE EEE E EEE ES Il 1.2 3HAWEHWIE PYCCKUX PIATOJIBHBIX TIPHCTABOK eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 13
1.3 CEMAHTWKA W œVYHKLIIOHHPOBAHHE IIPHCTABKH 3A- B PYCCKOM §13bIKE 22
Trang 41.3.3.2 CM2WUINGJIbHbLli (mI"GHVd1MGHbrfi) c1ocO6 ỊẴ@lCHG11 + 27 1.3.4 MymđUOHHbIli C1O6OÒDA32OGđT4€JIDHDIÍH THHHH sG Ăn v11 34 27
BBIBO/TBI HO IIEPBỌÍ ILJLA BEE 5-5 G5 5s sSsS se esess 33
LULABA 2: CHOCOBBI IIEPE/AHH IIPHCTABKM 3A- - - 35 BO BhBETHAMCKOM Ø1 3bIIE: 7G 9.9999.909 09000000 06006966 35
2 1 OBIHWE CBEHEHHäO BbETHAMCKOM T7IATOJIE KAK qACTH PEUH 35
2.1.1 Mopd@onoeuveckue XAPAKMEPUCMUKU CLEMHAMCKOZO #83b1KQ 35 2.1.2 Bonpoc oO 2nazone KAK YUACMU PEUU CO BHEMHAMCKOM ABDBIKE vcccccecssceeceeeeeees 38
2.2 CHOCOBbI MEPEJAUM CEMAHTUKH IIPE®bWKCA 3A- PVYCCKHX IIPWCTABOMNHHIX
[7IATOJIOB BO BbETHAMCKOM #13B[KE - c2 1 01 ng re 40 2.2.] 3HAU€HH€ “HQWŒIIbHOCHHD GĨI nH n ke 40 2.2.2 3HqUWCHIC “HCD€CMCHICHIHƠ ` HT TK KT KT cv v4 57 2.2.3 3HqW€HI© ““HOHVEHO Ï ẶQ Q0 cv 4 64 2.2.4 SHAYCHUC “NOKPbIMUEC LUIH 3GKDIHHƠ ẶQ TQ Kế ĩĩ
BBIBO/TBI HO BTOPỌÍ ILLA BEE 2-5-5 5859 sSsSsEssess 71
Trang 5CHHCORK COKPAIHEHHZ IlopanoK CoKpaIIeHHWe 3HaueHHWe 1 Cp cpaBHu 2 T.1 TaK /I18/I€€ 3 Ip JIDyTHe
4 HCB T7IATO7I H€COB€PDII€HHOTO BH7a 5 CB I7IATO/I COB€DHICHHOTO BH/1a 6 T.e TO CCTb 7 CM CMOTPH 8 JICB JI€KCHKO-CCMAHTHH€CKH€ BADHAHTBI 9 MCB MOp@eMHO-CeMaHTH4eCKHe BapHaHTHl 10 pa3r D43TOBODHO€ C/IOBO, BBIDA?K€HHW€ II Cy cnoco6 nelf€cTBH4 12 H31 H3/IAT€JIbCTBO
13 Nxb KHXH Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội
14 Nxb ĐHQG Nhà xuất bản Đại học quốc gia
Trang 6CIIHCORK TABUJIHH H CXEM
Ta6nnna l.I: HeKOTOpBI€ TJIATOJIbI OTHOCATCH K CMSTHHT€JIbHOMV CHOCOỐY
7efcTBM1
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CxeMa 2.]: [1arO/Ibi € IpHcTraBKOl 3A-, ÒO3HAHAIOIIW€ DA3/INHHHBI€C 3BVYKOBBIG ABJICHUA CxeMa 2.2: ÏIATOIBI © HpHCTABKOH 3Ấ-, ÕO3HAHAIOIIHE peyb HW IICHXHKO- (ÌH3WOJIOTHW€CKHW€ BJI€HH4 Cxema 2.3: Ïl7IAFTOIB C€ IHHCTABKOINI 3A-, OƠO3HAWHAIOIHH€ 3PpHT€/IbHO- BOCIIDHHHMA€MBI€ IIDOICCBI CxeMa 2.4: ÏIarOIBbI © HpHCTAaBKOI 3Ấ-, ÕO3HAHAIOHIH€ DA3/IHHHBI€ IICHXHKO- (ÌH3WO/IOTW€CKW€ IPOIECCBI
CxeMa 2.5: Ì 7IaTOJIBI € IDHCTaBKOH 3Á -, ÕO3HAWAIOIIH€ HHXOAäTHBHBI€ 3HA1€HH4 Cxema 2.6: ÏlIarOjIbl c HpHCTAaBKOHN 3A-, ÕO3HAHAIOIIHC T€MIIODđ/IbHBIG pacTIpOCTPpAHHT€1IH
Cxema 2.7: [arom c mpucrapkoi 3A-, oOo3Hadarollive MepemMellleHve BHYTPb Cxema 2.8: ÏIarO/IbI € IDWCTaBKOH 3Á-, ÕO3HAWAIOIIH€ I€D€M€II€HH€ HAB€PX, 3a HJIH HOJ
Trang 7BBE/IEHHL I, AkmyaslbHocmb memol
[ĨOWTH BO BCCX 3bIKAX MHDA TJIATOJI Toub3yeTCA OOJIbINMM HHTepecoM MHOTHX WCCJI€IOBAT€/I€l W JIHHTBHCTOB B COBD€M€HHOM DYCCKOM #13bIK€ HO CHX
lop He YTDATH/IH CBO€TO 3HAH€HH1 HA6IIO/€HH1 H BbiBOTbI A.A lloTreÕØHm, A.A
LHaxwaropa, A.M IllemkobBcKoro, B.B BnHorpanoBa u /npYyTHX CHHWTAeM H€OƠXO/IHMBIM IIOH€DKHYVTb, HTO H B HAIIH HH DACCMOTD€HH€ IIDOỐ/I€M T7IATO/1A H
CCM8HTHKH T/IATOJIA H€BO3MO?KHO Õ©Ẵ3 ÕpaIIeHH1 K TpYynaM B.B BnHorpa7oBa,
TDaMMATHH€CKA1 KOHII€IIIW% KOTODOTO Ha IIDOTSI2K€HHH H€CKOJIbKHX /€CITHJI€THĂ OKA3bIBA€T OIID€/IJIIEOIICC BO3/I€CTBHC Hả pa3BHTHe MOpdouorMyeckoH H CHHTaKCHuecKOlÍ HayKH B p1 HCCJI€IOBAHHÌ OCB€IHAIOTC1 BOIIDOCBI, CB53AHHBI€ C W3y4eHHeM [IJATOJIOB c IIDHCTaBKOM 3A- ÏTaK, DAaCCMATDHB4IIOCb BJIHSHH€ IHCTABOK HA H€D€XO/HHOCTb I7JIATOJIOB, CHHTAKCHH€CKH€ CBOICTBA IID€JLUIOTOB, IOBTODWEOIIWX TY HJIH HHYVIO HIDHCTABKY, 3 TâK3K€ OT/J€JIbHbI€ CJIOBOCOH€TAHH1, ÕPA3OBAHHBI€ IDHCTABOHHBIMH T7IATOJIAMH VÏ3y4AIHCb TAK?K€ CaMOCTOST€/IbHBIG (CBOOOAHBIC) H€CaMOCTOST€JIbHBI€ (CB5133HHBI€) 3Ha4€HHWS IDHCTaABKH 3A-
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O/IHOTO H3 3Haq©€HHH AHHOH IIDHCTABKH
Trang 8CJIOBOOỐPA3OBAT€JIbHOTO, C©CMAHTHU€CKOTO W CHHTAKCHH€CKOTO ypoBHeli COIIOCTAB/JIICMBIX 3bIKOB - DYCCKOTO H Bb€THAMCKOTO, TAK?K€ H€OỐXO/IHMOCTH CO3/IAHH1 JINHTBHCTHH€CKỌÌ OCHOBBI /UI1 KVDCOB “COHOCTABHT€JIbHA1 TDaMMaATHKaA DYCCKOTO H Bb€THAMCKOTO #3bIKOB”, CI€IIKYDCOB H CI€IICCMHHADOB, IOTD€ØHOCTH B COIOCTABHT€JIBHBX HCCJI€IOBAHH1X OPHTHHaJIbHbIX M H€D€BO/TH€CKHX
IPOH3B€€HHH, BBIICHZIOIHHX IIDHHHHBHI, BJIHAFOIHHMC HẠ KAHCCTBO IICPCBO/A
2 Hpeomem ucciedoeanua
II[peqMeToM Hallero UCCieOBaHHA SABIIAeCTCA BbIABJIGHHe CeMaHTHKH H
(YHKHHOHHPpOBAHH1 HHCTABKH “3A-” B DYCCKHX IJIATOIIAX, a TakKe HX
COOTBCTCTBHA BO BbhCTHAMCKOM A3bIKC
3 Hlesib u 3ada4uU UCcCjedOoeaHUA
Wcxo7g #3 akTyaIbHOCTH W CT€IHH W3V1€HHOCTH /IAHHOI IOƠJICMATHKH, 2TA HCCJI€/IOBAT€JIbCKa1 pAƠOTA CTABHT CBOeH H€JIblfO, BO-IPBBIX, OIHCAHH€ H aHAJIH3 CCMAHTHKH H (ÙYHKIIHOHHDOBAHHM1 IDHCTAaBKH 3Á- B DYCCKHX TJIATOJIAX H, BO-BTODBIX, IIOHCK HX COOTBETCTBHA BO BbeCTHAMCKOM 43bIKe B COOTB€TCTBHMH C 3THM B 7I8HHỌÍ DAaÕOT€ IIOCTABJI€HBI C/I€/IYEOIHIH€ 3a/1AHH:
- — VCTAHOBHTb JI€KCHKO-CCMAHTHUH€CKH€ TDVIIIBI DYCCKHX TJIATOIOB C IIpHCTaBKOl 3A-
- TÏpOaHa/IH3WpOBATb HACTOTY VIIOTD€Ơ/I€HH1 (HA OCHOB€ B€DOSITHOCTHO- CTATHCTHu€CKHMX /AHHbIX) IDHCTABKH 3A- B DYCCKHX T7IATO./IAX;
- Hatitu ux COOTB€TCTBHđ BO Bb€THAMCKOM 3BIK:
4, Memooot ucciedoeanua
B 9Tow padoTe HCHONb3yIOTCA TaKHe M€TOJIBI HCCJI€IOBAHHH, Kak
OINMCaTeJIbHbIA MCTO, HpW KOTOPOM IIPOBOJATCA HIIDHCMHI AHAQJIH33 W CHHT©3A, K/IaccwWKaIIwn M MOJICJIHDOBAHH-, H COIOCTABHT€/IEHBIH M€TOJ
5 Hayunaa noeu3na
Trang 9IHCTABOHHOM PYCCKOM 43bIK€, KOTODOC H€ ỐBIIO /O CHX IIOP IID€HM€TOM CIICHH8JIbHOTO /IWCCCPTAIHHOHHOTO HCCJI€/IOBAHHH, H IIOHCK UX COOTBCTCTBHÌI BO Bb€THAMCKOM A3bIKe, HTO HO3BOJHI€T IID€/JIO3KHTb H€KOTODBIC M€TO/HH€CKH€ D€KOM€H/IAHIHH IIDH OỐYH€HWHH IIDHCTABONHHOMY T7IATOJIY BOÒIIe #w npewKcy 3A-
B 4aCTHOCTH
6 Teopemuyeckaa UnpaKMUdeCKaA UCHHOCMb
a BbIsCHeHHbIe B HallieM HCCC HOBAHHMU (pakTbI M CH€CJIAHHBIC HA HX OCHOBC
HAƠJIIOI€HH1 BBIBO/bI MOTYT ỐBITb HCIOJIb3OB8HBI 7711 YTJIỸI€HHS H DaCIIHD€HH1S HAYHHBIX T€OD€THH€CKHX IID€JICTABJICHHÌ O CHCT€M€ DYCCKHX Hp€(HKCOB B IMHCTABOHHBHX IJIATOIAX, OỐ VIOTP€OHTGIbHOCTH 2THX IIATOIOB B XY/O?K€CTBCHHOM IIHCbM€HHOM IIOB€CTBOBAHHH
6 BbisaBiieHHbie B HCCJIGIOBAHHH HOJIO€HH1S UH (ÙaKTBL VTJIYỐ/SEOT THIIO/IOTHH€CKYIO XâpAKT€DHCTHKY COHIOCTABJIICMBIX 3bIKOB, â TAK?K€ MOTVT ỐBITb HCIIO/Ib3OBAHbI IIDH D43pÃỐOTK€ HAYyHWHbIX OCHOB T€ODHH HW IDAKTHKH I€D€BO/A T€CKTOB € O/IHOTO 3bIKA HA /IDYVTOII
B BBIICH€HHBI€ (ÙAKTBI H C/I€JIAHHbI€ HAaMH HAƠIOJI€HHS H BBIBO/bI Õ 3TOH IHCTABK€ B DYCCKHX T/IATO/IAX IOỐY?KJIAIOT K 8HAJIOTHHHBIM HCCJI€IOBAHHSM Ha MaTepHasle IDYTHX IIDHCTABOK
r P€3V/JIBTATBI HAIICTO HCCJITIOBAHH1 MOITYT HẠTH HM_ HDHKJIAHHO€, IAKTHu€CKO€Ẵ IDHM€H€HHC (HH MOryT ObITb HCHOJIb3OBAHB B HDOICC€ IID€HO/IABAHHM41 BVY3OBCKHX /IHCHHILIHH “COIIOCTABHT€JIbHA1 THHOJIOTH1 DYCCKOTO H
Bb€THaAMCKOTO 3bIKOB”, ““ÏeODpH1 H IpaKTHKa IIepeBo/1a”, “COBD€M€HHhIl DyccKHl
3BIK”, CI€IIKYDCOB H CIICICCMHHADOB TaÕIHHHBIÍ MAT€DHA1T IHCC€DTAHHH MO?K€T
ỐbITb IDHM€H€H B Ka4€CTB€ HâT211/HBIX IOCÒHI
7 CmpykKmypa pabomol
JlaHHa1 paØOTa cOCTOHT H3 ©T2IaB/IeHH4, BB€/I€HHM1, /BVX TJIAB, 34KJIOH€HHMI,
Trang 10IULABA 1: CEMAHTHEKA H ®YHKIMOHHPOBAHHE IIPHCTABEKH 3A- B PYCCKOM /13BbIKE
1.1 IÏDHCHId6Kd H DỤCCKHG 2J120/1bHbIG HDHCHIA6KH
PyccKwe IID€HMKCA/IPHBIC (— IIDHCTABOHHBI) I7JIATOJIBI BC€IJIA IID€JICTABJIIOT ÕO/IbIIYE) TDY/JHOCTb /JI1 HHOCTPAHIB [louemy? BO-IPBBIX, IOTOMY, WTO B DYCCKOM #13bIK€ — IIO CDABH€HHIO C /DYTHMH #13bIKAMH —— OI€Hb MHOTO ID€(bWKCOB BO-BTODPBIX, IIOHTH BC€ IJIATO/IBI COCJINHSIOTC1 C TÊMH HJIH HHbBIMH ID€(ÌHNKCAMH H IIOJTYHAIOT TâKHM ÒPA3OM CaMBI€ DA3HbI€ 3HaqeHM VÏ TaK, 1TO Takoe “TipuctapKa’’? B qeM ee (ÙYHKHM4 H KaKOBa ee CCMaHTHKa?
B pycckoH Mopdemuke TO MeCTY OTHOCHT€JIbBHO KODH1 Bc€e adÙHKCBI I€JITC1 HA: HIp€QHKC (HpHCTABKY), cydduKkc, HHT€pQHKC, (7I€KCHIO (OKOHWaHE©€) H IIOCT(}MKC
1.1.1 O6wee nonamue
IlpwcraBKa (HH 1Ipe(Ù}WKC) — 2TO 3HAYHMAaA HACTb CJIOBA, KOTODA1 CTOHT II€D€/ KODH€M Hi C/IY?KHT /UI1 OỐDA3OB8HH4 CJIOB H X H€CHHTaKCHuecKMX dopo Ilo 3HAH€HHIO H BBIHOJIH1€MOH (ằYHKIHH D43JINH8IOT IIDHCTABKM: C7IOBOÒDA3OBAT€JIbHBI€, (ÌODMOÒDA3OBAT€JIEHBIC W IDHCTABKH CHHKD€THH€CKOTO xapaktTepa (cHOBOmopMooOpa30BaTeJIbHBIe)
CropooOpa30BaTesIbHble MpHCTaBKH Ciy2KaT DJIA ÕỐPA3OBAHH1 HOBBIX CJIOB Hanpumep, B-IOBA ‘“coaemop, axmuyacmuya, npaded, npedHobo2ooHuil, ommooulu3z06amb, nouyecmeoeamb” OOpa30BaHbI TPH MOMOIMIM CcOBOOOpa30Ba- T€JIbHbIX IIPHCTaBOK CO-, GHMU-, NDa-, NpeO-, OM-, NO-,
Ilo cemaHTHKe CIOBOOOpa30BaTeJIbHble IIDHCT8BKH /I€JI1TC1 Hã O/IHO3HAHHBI€ H MHOTO3HauHBIE ÏlÏDHM€DOM O/HO3H8HHBIX MOTYT €JIY3KHTb HDHCTABKH: Øđ3-/6eC- VK83BIB8IOT HA OTCVTCTBH€ TOIO, 4TO Ha3BaHO IIDOH3BOHSIIHM CJIOBOM (6e3-
ỊOKđ3đ1161bHblli, Õ@3-ÕO1€@3H€HHbHI, @C-HODSỊOK, Õ@C-ỊẴ@lCH6O6đđmb); e-/0@3-
Trang 11BOJIbIIHHCTBO IDHCTABOK DYCCKOTO 3bIKa MHOTO3HAMHBbI (OCÒ©ẴHHO B cjepe TJIATOJIBHOTO €/IOBOÒDA3OBAHH1), OHH HM€IOT OT ABYX JO /I€CITH 3Had€HHH Ha- IIpHMep, IIDHCTABKA #đ- MO?3K€T yKa3bIBaTb Hã: 3) HAIIDABJICHHOCTb /€ÍCTBH1 Hã IIOBEPXHOCTb 4ero-HHOy Ab (Ha-Keumb, Ha-UuNHyMb, Ha-Mep3Hymb); 0) HOJIHOTV, OCTaTOYHOCTh JeHcTBHA (Ha-cmpoumb, Ha-cyuwumMb, Ha-6pamb); B) IDOSBJICHH€ eHCTBUA B He3HaYHTebHOK CTereHH (Cerio) (Ha-u2pamb, Ha-nemb); T) MOHY!O 38B€PIHICHHOCTEb I€lCTBH4 (G-20600U1bG5, Ha-clywuambocH) Hi Ip
DopMooOpa30BaTeJIbHble IIDHCTABKH CJIY?KAT WIA BbIPAKCHHA H€CHHTAKCHu€CKHX 3HAH€HHÌ W ÕPA3OBAHH1 H€CHHTAKCHuecKHMX (OpM CJIOBA K H€CHHTAKCHu€CKHM (ÙODpMAM CJIOBđ, KOTODBI€ OỐPA3YIOTC1 HIDH IIOMOIIH IDHCTABOK, OTHOCAT:
l {OpMBI CVÕb€KTHBHOÍÏ OIHKH KAW4€CTBđ IIDHJIATAT€JIbBHbIX H HAp€HHH, ÕPA3V€MBI© HH IIOMOIIH HDHCTABOK #đ#-, HĐ€-, Pa3-, C6€ÐX-, đDXU-, cynep-, }JIbmDđ- CO 3Haq€HW€M BBICII€lI, KDAH€ BbICOKỌÍ CT€IICHH Kaq€CTBA HAp1Y c ero
CYOBCKTHBHOHM OH€HKOIH (HGŒ1-J1VUWIMMÙ, HD€-OHUIHuHĐIU, Dđ3-GGCGlbll, Ccé6epx- HDOWHbIÙ, CVH€D-CO6GD€M€HHbĐHlI, ÿJIbỌệq-MOỊHbrfi, Hau-Ø0016€)
2 (ODMEI TJIATOJIOB COB€DHICHHOTO BH/1A, COOTHOCHT€/IbHBI€ C€ TJIATOJIAMH H€COB€DIICHHOTO BH/IA, OOpa30BaHHble IIDH IOMOIIH IIDHCTABOK Cc-, O-, NO- u Wp Co 3HaYeHHeM “COB€DIIHTb, JOBeCTH AO pe3yiIbTaTa /I€ỨCTBH€” (c-delamb, €- qcbopmupoeamb, O-KD€HHVIb, O-HƠIMKOGđIPb, no-dapumb, no-cmpoumb, no- 2acumb)
CHHKPp€THd€CKH€ (HJIH CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€/IbHBI€) MpHCTaBKH HaOsHOaoTCA TO/IbKO B T7IarO.1ax HH KaK ƠbI COBM€IIAIOT B CeÕ€ /IB€ (ÙYHKHMH: IDH HIOMOIIH WX He TOJIbKO OOpa3yeTca IJIATOI C HOBOM C€MAHTHKOI, HO HW MeHAeTCA ero rpaMMaTH4eckKoe 3HAYeCHHE BHJa (Cp.: nemb — 3a-nemb, 2#CUMb — NO-H#CUMb, HEcMU — no-Hecmu, nucamb — 6-nucamb MT I)
B HIKOJIbEHOH IIDAKTHK€ IDHCTABKH, KAK IDABHIIO, DACCMATDHBAIOTC1 K8AK CJIOBOÒPA3OBAT€JIbHBIC MOD(©MBI, 4TO OOBACHAeTCA IHVIIMH H_ 3â11AMH
Trang 12HCIIDOTH-BOD€HHBBI€, JI€TKO HÃ/IO/IA€MBI€ (ÙaKTbI H OTHOIICHHH, IIO/IYNHHBIIHC €/HHVIO HHT€DIID€TAIIMIO B JIMHTBUCTHYeCKON HayKe
Ilo C€T€H€HH CaMOCTOST€JIbHOCTH B BBIDAK€HHH 3HAH€HH1 D33JIHMAIOT IHCTABKH: CBÕOHHBIC HW CBW34HHBI€ CBOOỐOHIHBI€ HHCTABKH HO (OpM€ H 3H8H€HHI COBIA/IAFEOT Cc IID€/JIOTAMH, HAIPHMCP: Ĩđ3-/0/đ CO 3HAH4€HH€M OTCYTCTBHA (O€30pyoICHbIli WU 6e3 OpyocuA; Oe3b1HMepecnolli WU ÕẴ€3 HHIHGD€CG; Ø@CHOCđỊOUHuỦ WM 6ec HOCđỊKH); 6He- C IpOCTpaHCTBeHHbIM 3HAH€HH€M (GHCMIKOJIbHĐI M 6HE WKOJIbI, 6HeEOYePeOHOU WU 6H€G oOYepedu); NpUu- Cc IIPOCTPaHCTBEHHBIM 3HaYeCHHeM (NPUWKOJbHbIU H HD 1IKOJl€, HDMGÿaO€eỜHbrfi H n? ycaoo66) (BW3aAHHBI€C IIDHCTABKH He HMCGIOT (ODMAIbHỌ M_ CMBICIOBOl COOTHOCHT€JIbSHOCTH C IID€/JIOTAMH, HAIIDHM€P: 7#2đ- CO 3HAq1€HH€M HHT€HCHBHOCTH
J©€fCTBH1 WIM BbICOKOM CT€IICHH HDOSBJIICHHS HDH3HAKA (7/2@ÿM€Hb1AUPb,
HDeỊÒDbHi, nDeMHOe£O)
PacHOIaFrẫCb HE€P€H KOpHeM, IIDHCTABKA MOX€T CTOATb WII H€IOCP€JICTB€HHO Tepes, KODHCM (nodKOMUMemM, HDU3GVK, ỊOCO6ẴmMCKUH, npoxcumo), WIM TIDET IDYTOI IDHCTABKOI (pazHecuacmuolti, HOHUHCOƠODđHĐ) IIpeno3uTHBHOe IHOJIO3KCHHC IDHCTABKWH OƠYCJIOBIHBA€T OOJIbIITyIO ©© CaMOCTO4T€JIbBHOCTb B KAq€CTB€ 3HAWWHMỌ ACTH C/IOB (IO CDABH€HHIO, HạIDHM€P, c cydwKcoM) lÏpH IOMOIIH IIDHCTABOK ÕPA3VIOTC1 CJIOBA H Wx (ÙÌODMBI OT H€- JIOTO CJIOBA (7/@đb1Ø0JDbl Of4 6bIÕODbl, HOỊCHGH1HðI Om CmaHyYUA, NDEOHOCOZOOHUI om HOGOZOOHUI, COeaMb om Oellamb)
C TIOMOLIbIO IDHCTABOK (B OTJIHqH€ OT cy((HKCOB) MO?KHO OỐPA3OBATb, KaK IDABMJIO, CJIOBA TOJIbKO TOÌÏ WACTH D€HH, K KOTODOlÍ OTHOCHTCđ IIDOH3BO/UIII€€ COBO: OT Tiarowa — TOJIbKO IJIATO/IbI (H€CHM, 34H€CHU, HDUHHCCIHUH, BHECMU, oovHecmu, nepeHecmu, GDIHCCMUH M T HN.) OT TDHJIATATGIbHOTO — TOJIbKO
IHMJIATAT€GIEHBH€ §=(amomuoili, @34MOMHbĐUH, OOaMOMHbIti UM T JH.), OT
Trang 13[ÍpOYVKTHBHBH€ MOJI€IH IID€HKCđJIbHOTO OƠPA3OBAHH1 B HMC€HAX H HAD€WWäX H€MHOTOWHCJI€HHBI H O7HOOƠPDA3HBI B KaqeCTB€ aKTHBHO IIDOW3BO/I1IIHX IHCTABKH HÃJIOIAKOTCWA JIHIIb B C€Pp€ THATOIbHOTO CIOBO- H (ÙOpMO- oOpa30BaHHa OcoOeHHO OOOH CHOCOOHOCTBIO CBOỐOHHO COCMHATBCA C IIpHcTaBKaMH OỐIA/IAIOT I/IATOJIBI, H€IDOH3BOHIHA"1 OCHOBA KOTODBIX ABJIACTCA HCKOHHOH (Cp.: 6b11UMb, OOUMDb, 3a/1UMb, HaIUMb, NoOUMb, nNepesumb, nposume, pazlumb VT IL.3 6blIMbIMb’, OOMbIMb, 3AMbIMb, HAMbIMb, NOOMbIMb, Nepemoimo,
NPOMbIMb, PA3MbIMb HT J.)
J1 IpHCTaBKH H€Õ53aT€JIbHA T€CHäA4 CB53b CO CJIOBAMH KaKOl-JIHỐO O/IHOHÍ
1ACTH D€MH CYII€CTBYIOT IIDHCTABKH, KOTODBI€ MOTYT IIDHCO€/JIHHWTbCW K CJIOBAM D43JIHHHBIX YacTeli peu, COXpaHAA OHO HU TO 2Ke “YHHBEPCasIbHOe” 3HaYeHHe, Yero HeJIb34 CKa3aTb O cydduKcax Hanpumep, HDHCTABKH pa3-, npe-,ceepx-, cynep-, ylompa- CO 3Ha4eHHeM BbICIIeH CTeleHH TOTO, YTO Ha3BaHO TPOH3BOALIMM CIOBOM (pazé6ecelblil, PacKpacaeuya, npemusoilu, npemydpocmb, ceepxcKOpocmb, C6epxnpouHbll, cynepMooad, cyneppa3pAo, yllbmanpagboll, Vilempamooa)
Ilo opMe IDHCTABKH ỐbIBAIOT: 8) ID€/ICTABJICHHBIE OHOl (ODMOI BO BCeXx IIO3HHHX, HAIDHMCD: đồl-, HŒđ-, 3đ-, GHMU-, U Wp (GbIXOỊMfb, GbIHOCWib, HACOYUHAMb, HAOPeccuposamb, aHmuYacmuya, AHmunapoonoiti); 0) TIpeACTaBJIeH- HBI€ DWJIOM BADHAHTOB, ÕYCJIOBJICHHbIX MOD(OJIOTHUH€CKH T € 3ABHCMIHHX OT 3BVKOBOTO O(ODM/ICHH1 KODH1 HAaIDHM€DP: 6-/60- (6HOCUMb, GOIÍIHH), 63-
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[lo cOCTaBY p437INHAIOT IIDHCTABKH: 3) IDOCTBI€: đ-, 3đ-, HŒ-, HđỊ-, HJ-, Om- (eHecmu, 3A2z060pumb, HayYUuMb, HaOCMpoums, npUuee3mu, Oomịamp); 6) CIOKHBI€ (HIM IDOH3BOHNHBI©): /6Ø/3-/HeÕc-, HedO-, O00e3-/obec- (HebezbINMEepeCHoltl,
Hedecnole3HO, HEOoe2iA0eMb, 06e33eMeUMb, ObeCCUeEMb)
Ilo IđpoWcxO#/I€HHIO HDHCTABKH /€JIITCI HA COOCTBeEHHO DYCCKHC H HHOS3bBIHHBI€ QCHOBHYIO MACCY COCTABJIIIOT COỐCTB€HHO DYCCKH€ IIDHCTABKH HH CJIO3KHJIHCb B OCHOBHOM ©II€ B H€DHOJI OỐII€CJIABNIHCKOTO 3BIKOBOTO €/IHHCTBA
Trang 1423, 6e3- WM JHp.) CH€HB HD€JUJIOKHOITO IIDOHCXO?3KICHH% HO/ABJISIOII€TO ØOJIBIIHHCTBA IIDHCTABOK ACHO IIDOSB/I1IOTCH B HACTOSII€€ BD€M4: IIOHTH K83KTOl IIDHCTABK€ ©€CTb COOTB€TCTBH€ CP€/IH IID€JLIOTOB, H HaOƠODOT P€a/IbHO€ 3HaqeHHe MHOTMX IIDHCTABOK COOTHOCHT€1IbHO € IDOCTDAHCTB€HHBIM 3HAW€HH€M IID€/IIOTOB
HeKOTOPBI€ IIDHCTABKH CJIO3KHJIHCb HA Õ43©€ HACTHII TO IDHCTABKH: He- (H€HV2ICHbIll, HGVDO2MCđl, H€3ỊODOGUbCS), HU- (HUYMO, HUKMO, HUu2de, HUKVỊN),
KO@- (KO€-KAK, KO€-KMO, KO€-KaKOll)
MHos3bI4HbIX IIPHCTABOK B PyYCCKOM 43bIKe HEMHOTO: (a-, GHMU-, ADXU ,Oe-, - 0e3-, Ouc-, MHQDQ-, MHMGD-, D€-, VJIbfHDQq- 1 ỊD.: MODQUIbHĐH, AHMUGOeHHOLU, apxuonacnoll, M#HDDGKDQCHbH, VIIbIIDG3GVK, Ị€HGUJHOHGI113GUMA, Ị€©3O0D2đHU3Q1101, OucnponopyuaA, peopeanuzayus)
Yuet 3HavyeHHsA, CocTaBa WH (ÙÌODMBI IIDHCTABOK HIPA€T BA3KHYVIO pOIIb B IP€JVI€XKJI€HHH psajla THHHUHHX OIHHOOK HPH MOopdeMHOM~ 4H CJIOBOÒPA3OBAT€JIbBHOM 8HAJIH3©€ CJIOBA ITH BO3MO%KHbIC OWMOKH CBOJATCA K CJI€/YIOIHI€MV:
1 BBbineđneHHe B Kaqd€CTB€E IIDHCTABOK 3BYVKOBBIX KOMII€KCOB (BH€IIH€ CXO3HX € IDHCTABKAMH), OTHOCIIIHXC" K KODHIO, B CJIOBAX BBIDVHHHH (6bi- uypHoll), 3ab0p (3a-6o0p), 3ab0ma (3a-60ma), 3AKOH (3A-KOH), 3QHO3A (3A-HO3Q), 3auuma (3a-1yuma), uz6eecmKa (u3-6eCcmMKa), UCKa3UMb (uc-Ka3umMb), ucmpedumo (uc- mpedumb), Hadoedamb (Hado-edamb), nonyeati (no-nyeai), npupoda (npu- pooa), npo2zpamma (npo-2pamma) ¥ Jip
2 HeoÕØOCHOB8HHO€ IDHCO€/JIHH€HH€ K IHCTABK€ 4acCTH KOPHA B CJIOBAX: 6@3-ODy2CHuủUI (ÕẴ3OJDV2/CHbĐHữj), Ha-Oguzamb = (Hadeuzamb), HO-Ị6UMHVIb (nodsuKHyMb), paz-00-1umMb (paz0buumb), O6-ocHO6aMb (ObOCHObaMb) XH Ip
Trang 15Hano HayWuHTb VHAIIHXCW BBII€JIITbB IIDHCTABKV /IOKA3AT€/JIbHO, IIYT€M IIOTƠOPpA IDOH3BO/1II€lÍ OCHOBBI H COIIOCTABJICHH1 €© € OCHOBOI AH8JIH3HDY€MOTO CJIOB8: 06/971, 6571p, IDHCTABKA O-; #đ#OỊÒDđfmb, ÕDÐđf1b, IDHCTABKA HOỊO-; NOOBUHYMb, OBUHYMb, IIDHCTABKA !0-
OcHO6aHUEM OJLA BOIUCHEHUA NDUCMABOK 6 COMHUMEIbHbIX CILYYAAX OOJHCHO ỐbIfb HAUIHMMU€ OỊHOKOD€HHbIX 1 OHOCTDYKTVDHBIX CJIOB (DA3HOIIDHCTABOHHBIX) Cp.: omo-mKHymb (3a-MKHyMb, Npu-MKHyMb); Ha-demb (O-demb); GbI-HUUMWGHb (npu-Humamb, OI-HUMdPb), 6e3-y-npeYHoiti (y-npeKamb, Nno-npeKamb); ỊO- cmuzamb (3a-cmueamb, Ha-cmuzamb),; 00-cAzamb (no-cAzamb)
Yuet 3HaveHHaA MPHCTaBOK, HX COCTABA H (ÌODMBI H€OƠXO/IHM TakxKe JIA OCO3H8HHOTO HW IIDOHHOTO yCBOCHHA y4alllMMHca IpaBOMMcaHHA IIpHCTaBOK U Y/IBO€HHBIX COT/IACHBIX Ha CTbIK€ IID€(ÙHKC8JIbHBIX KODH€BBIX MOD(€M B CJIOBAX Tula OeccoHnuya, beccuemHbili, BOCCO30aMb, Paccuumamo, DđŒCCODIMHDOGđ7b,
Ppaccnpocumb, Paccbinu WT Jl
1.1.2 Pone npeduxca 6 o6paz06anuu 21a20106
IIpedbwKcbI HawHØOJI€€ IIDO/IYKTHBHBI B ÕPA3OBAHHH T/IATO/IOB Õpa3y1 HOBO€ CJIOBO, IID€(ÙHKCbI CYIHICCTBCHHO H© W3M€HSIOT ©TO JICKCHH€CKOTO 3HAH€HHM1, JIHHIb BHOCT B H€TO JIOIIOJIHHT€JIbHBI€ OTT€HKH CMBICJIA ÏaK, B Ipe(ÙHKC81IbHBIX TIIATOJIAX #O-đXđfb, đbI-€Xafb, OO-examb, nDUu-examb, 3a-examb, npo-examb ĐH Ip IpHcTaBka OKa3blBaeT BJIMAHHe He Ha XapakTep MepeMelIeHHA, a YKa3bIBaeT Ha pa3JIM4HA B IIPpOCTpaHCTBeCHHOM, BPCMeCHHOM H KOJIMYCCTBEHHOM OTHOIICHHAX 7BHX€HHMI
Trang 16XOT1 H C/JIY?KeƠHbIMH VM Wo cWX IOP €II€ COXDAHH.IACb 3BVKOBA1 H CCMAHTHH€CKA4 COOTH€CCHHOCTb M©?3KIV Hp€HKCOM H H€JHJIOTOM, Oe3 VHACTH1 KOTODOTO MHOTO3HAHHHIl Ipe(Ù}HWKC H€ MO?K€T KOHKDCTH3HDOBATb CBOCTO 3HayeHHA Tak, IpejWKC ò- (Ø6-, Ø60-) CIOCOỐCH BBIDA3HTb 3HAH€HHC “O6UIICeEHUA 6OKDVẽ HpeỊM€fđa ` TOIIbKO B COH€TAHHH C IID€/UIO3KHO-HATI€KHOH (ÙOpMOIÍ BOKDYVT / KpyroM HMã CVYII€CTBHT€JIbHO€: ÕỌTH KDYTOM O3€pA, OOJIETeTh BOKPyr 3eMJIH H T.H “KpYTOM HONIHO3HS KyMHpa Be3yMeI Õ€enHbBl oØoImej” (A.C., Ilymkmn, Äfeonori 6caỊHK) “BoOIIbIHaqd crapad oBdapKa [ | pa3a TpH HIOKOIHO ÒOHIIA BOKDVT J10IIand” (A Uexos Cuacmve) pu orcytcTBun TaKOl (ÙÌODMBI Ip€(MHMKCAJIbEHHIÏf T/IATOJI BbIpakaeT WHHOe 3HAYeCHHe, Tak, OHO W3 KOTODBIX — “DacIDpOCTDAHHTb I€lCTBH€ Ha MHOTO Õb€KTOB”: ÕOlTH BC€ DAlOHbI, Õb€XâTb BC€ CTpaHbI HW Wp “B ceneHuax, rie a Ob, 1 OOOMe BCe w3ÕbI” (A Uexos, Ocmpoe
Caxanun)
B nHHIBHCTHK€ CYHI€CTBVEOT TePpMHHbI “TilaroJibHad IIDHCTABKA”, VHOTP€ỐII€MBIl ĐHCKJIOHHT€JIbHO B CHHXDOHHOM 3HAH4€CHHH, W_ “J10?KHAđ" IpwcTraBKa” O6 s2ro A.B WicaqeHKO IOIDOỐHO HM3/IOXKHJI B CBOeM TDVI: “[JIaTOJIbHBIMH IDHCTABKAMH IIDH3HAFOTCH TOJIbKO MODp(€MBI, KOTOPBI€
OƠJAHAIOT CAMOCTOAIT€JIbBHOI C€MAHTHKOI, CBOOOHIHO BBLI€JIIEOTCEI Ha
Trang 17, 0O-, 3a-, U3- (uc-, U30-), Ha-, HAO- (HaAdO-), O- (06-, 060-), Om- (omo-), nepe-, no-
, HOỊ- (nodo-), npu-, npo-, pa3- (pac-, pa3za-), c- (co-), y- Ilo ero MHeHHIO TOJIbKO 2TH IHCTABKH VHACTBVIOT B HOHI€CCAX BHVTDPHTJIATOJIbHOTO
CJIOBOOỐPA3OBAHHM1 B DYCCKOM 3bIK€ Á ““IO0KHBI€” HIDHCTABKH, € KOTODBIMH MBI
BCTP€HA€MCĂ Y IH€/IOTO 4/4 OTbIM€HHBIX IJIATOJIOB IHID€/C€/AT€JIbCTBOBATb (OT CVIICTBHT€JIbHOTO ““TID€/JIC€/IAT€/Ib”), ID€HII€CTBOBATb (OT CYII€CTBHT€JIbHOTO “I€/II€CTBH€”), IIDODOH€CTBOBATb (OT CVIHI€CTBHT€JIbBHOTO “IpODOK” HJIH “IpOpOM€CTBO”) H T J., H€ VHACTBYEOT B HDHCMAX BHYTPH IIATOJIbHOTO CJIOBOODA3OBAHM1
1.1.3 Cemanmuyeckoe coomHomenue becnpucmabOoYHbIX U NDUCMAGBOUNbIX 2114201106
Trang 18B nelfcTrBHT€JIbBHOCTH, O/IHAKO, H€D€/JIKO HÃ/IO/IA€TCW, HTO IIDHCTABOHHA1 J€TCDMHHAIIMH4 H€P€CTA€T IIDOSBJIITbCH B JICEKCHYCCKOM IUIAH€, HID€BDAIIA%Cb, TaKHM OỐPA3OM, B HHCTOTDAMMATHH€CKHĂ IDH€M ÕDA3OBAHH1 IDHCTABOHHBIX
QopM CD K COOTB€TCTBVIOIIHM Õ€CIpHCTABOuHBM TJ1aro0IaM HCB llpn TaKol
IMCTABOHHOI /JI€T€CDMHHAaHHH Hp€MHKCBI TOJIbBKO “CJIV3KAT HOCTBIM TpAaMMATHHCCKHM CD€TICTBOM ÕPpA3OBaHH1 (ÙODpM coBeplieHHoro Bua” [B.B
BnHorpanop, M.-)I., 1947] w He OKa3bIBAIOT HHKAKOTO BJIHHHH1 Hã JI€KCHq€CKO€ 3HAH€HH€ IIDOCTOl OCHOBbI, C KOTOPOH COH€TAIOTCI, H€ OCJIO3KHHIIO ee
OHOJIHHT€JIbHbIMH CMBICJIOBbBIMH OTT€HKAMH H/IH 3Haq©€HHSMH TÏaKHM ÕỐPA3O0M, OHH IID€BDAIHAIOTCH H3 CJIOBOƠDA3VIOIIHX IDHCTABOK B_ (ODMOOỐDA3yIOIIWe IpemkchHI [Ïo3TOMY CCMAHTHKA TJIATOJIOB € HHMH COCTOHT H3 JBYX KOMIOH€HTOB: H3 JICKCHH€CKOTO 3HAH4€HH1 T7IATOJIA, BbIDA3K€HHOTO B Õ€CIDHCTABOHKOlÍ OCHOB€, H IHCTO TPAMMATHHCCKOTO 3Haq€HH1 - 3HaqeHH1 CB, BbIpDa›KaeMOTO IIDeÙHMKCOM Takwe IIpeMKCBI HA3bIBAIOTC1 “HCTOBH/IOBBIMH” HJIH “TIYCTBIMH” IDHCTABKAMH IIO T€DMHHO.IOTHH MHOTHX DpYyCCKHX JINHTBHCTOB: B.B BwHorpaop (1947), K).C,
Macno (1958), A.B HcadeHKo (1960), A TnxoHoB (1998), a TaKK€C B
AKa/I€MHWwW€CKOlÍ TDAMMäATHK€ DYCCKOTO 3bIKA:
“B Tex C/IY4ẫX, KOFHaA Ipe(HKCBI HCIOJIb3VEOTCH JTHIIb J1 ÕDA3OBAHHS
riarona CB or raaroma HC, OHH Ha3bIBailOTcd qHCTOBHIOBBIMH” [“PyccKas TpaMMaTHNKAä” - TOM Ï, M., 1980
Ilpw wccenoBaHHH (ÙyHKHHÍ IIDHCTABOK H€ÕỐXO/WHMO VHHTBIBATb, ATO M€?KIV HHCTOBHJIOBBIMH HW JICKCHYCCKHMH HDHCTABKAMH CYIICCTBVEOT 43JIHHHBIC THIIbI IIDHCTABOHHBIX OƠPDA3OBAHHÏ, 3HHMAIOIIH€ IIDOM€?KYTOHHO€ IIOJIOK€HH€ M€%KJIYV CJIOBOÒODA3OBAHH€M H (ÙODMOOỐPA3OBAHH€M COTJIACHO A BalaHy, “M€?KHY IIDHCTABKOlÍ Cc ACHbIM 3HAd€HH€M H “TIYCTOI” IPpHCTaBKOH HaOJOarOTCA pA3JINNHBI€ IIepexo/IHBIe cTryIeHH” [|Balian A , M 1952]
B qnCTOBHJOBOl (ÙYHKIIHH MOTYT BBICTYHATb C€JI€IYIOIHIH€ IDHCTABKH: #Ø- , C-, O-, 3đ-, 63-, 6O3-, BbI-, U3-, PA3-, OM-, NPu-, HĐO-, Hđ-, B OTJIJIbHBIX TiIAaFO/IAX
Trang 19C©Õ€, KA?K/IOC ©€ 3HAH€HH€ BO3HHK8€T IDH COH€TAHHH € OCHOBAMH OIID€/I€JICHHOTO CCMAHTHM€CKOITO COI€epaHHI HanpHM€P: IIDHCTAaBKA c- OT TJIATO/IOB H€OIID€/JICHHOTO /IBWK€HH1 OỐPA3V€T OCHOBBI, ÕO3HAwaiOIIHE “ pelfcOBO€” BHX€HH€ - TY/IAa H OỐDATHO: CỐCGTATb, CXO/IHTb, C/ICTATb, HO COII©/I, CJICT€JI - ÕO3HaAHAIOT IBH?K€HH€ BHHM3 B CB3H € 2THM YM€CTHO BCIIOMHHTb CJI€/YIOHI€€
BBICKA3bIBaHWe E.A 3eMCKOH: “OINWHAKOBO€ - TOq€HH€ IIDHCTABKH IIDHOỐD€TđIOT B COH€TAHHH c TIJIATOJIAMH, ỐIH3KHMH C€MAHTHH€CKH H TpaMMaTwdecKH” [E.A 3eMckax, M., 1952, c.13]|
Me#JIY HCXOIHBMH OCHOBAMH HH DA3/IHHHBMH IDHCTABKAMH VCTAHABJIHBAIOTCW CJIO3KHBIC CBW3H HW OTHOIICHHH 3Haq€HH€ HDHCTABKH H CCMAHTHKA OCHOBBI B3AWMO3ABHCHMBI VW B3AHMOOỐYVCJIOBJI€HbI Ha 23TO ÕỐDATHII BHHMaHHW€ eIie H.lI HeKpacoB: “CMBICJI TJIAFOJIA W CMBICJI HD€OJIOTA MOTYT B3aHMO HIDOHHKATb nDYVT B /pyra” [H.IL Hexpacos, CHI6., 1865, c.184”] Kak VKa3bIBaeT E.Ấ 3€MCKA1, 3I€Cb BA3KHO VH€CTb, 4YTO “He TOJIbKO HDHCTABKA OKa3bIBaeT BO3/I€lÍCTBHC HA 3HAH4€HHC IJIATOJIA, HO WH 3HAq4€HH€ HDHCTABKH 3ABHCHT OT 3HAW€HHIT T/IAFOJ1A, OIID€T/II€TC1 B33HMO/IlCTBH©M €€ OỐII€TO 3Haq4€HM14
H CCMAHTHKH T7Iaro/IaA” [E.A 3eMckKax, M., 1952, c.134|
1.2 3HaueHUe PYCCKUX 21AZ0J1bHbIX NDUCMABOK
OHNHHM W3 BOIDOCOB, OTHOCHIIHXCH K IIDOỐ/I€M€ CCMAHTHKH A3bIKOBbIX
€IWHHHI, KOTODBIÍ @KTHBHO ÕCV?KIA€TCI B COBDCM€CHHOI /IHHTBHCTHI€CKOH
Trang 20(aKTVAJIH3MDVIOTCH) B COOTBCTCTBHH C KOMMYHHKATHBHỌ 3A1AHOCTbE
BBICKa3bIBaHH1” (CepreeBa, 1984, c.54)
B cOBpeMeHHbIX TpaMMaTHKax H B TeOpeTHuecKHx TpYy/ax b.H Ìo/IoBwHa, M.B depenaHosga, W[.C ŸnyxaHoBa uw HIDVTHX HCC1I€IOBAT€/I€l OIIHCBIBđIOTCI H€
3HAH€HM1 IDHCTABOK, a T€ “ÍCCMAHTHKO-CJIOBOÒỐDA3OBAT€.JIbHBIC, CHHTAKCHH€CKH€ H BHJIOBBI€ D43JIHHH1 M€?KJIY MOTHBHDVIOIIHM H MOTHBHDOB8HHbBIM T/IATO/IAMH, KOTODBI© ÕYVCJIOBJICHBI HA/IHdW€M IID€ÙHKCA ÿY MOTHBHDOBAHHOTO TJIAaTO/IA” 2TO OIIHCAHH€
CHOBOOOpa30BaTeJIbHBIX 3Hau€©HHH b.H l on0BHH OIID€/I€JII€T
C/IOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIbBHOC 3HAH€HHC TAK: 2TO “0A3JIHHH1 B OỐJIACTH C€MAHTHKH C/IOBOOỐDA3OBATGJIbHOI (CJIOBOHIDOH3BOHNHỌ) HIApBI, CHOCOỐHBIC K_ THIIOBOMYV BOCIIDOH3B€JICHHIO (MOBTOPeCHHIO) B /IDVTHX CJIOBOÕỐPA3OBATGJIbHHX IAapAX”
C IOBOÒDA3OBAT€/IbHO€ 3HAH€HH€ THIAa BO3HHKA€T, HO MbICJIH b.H Ï'07IOBWHaA, KaK D€3V/IbTAT “VMHO?K€HH1”” H€CKOTODOTO CCMAHTHH€CKOTO 2/ICM€HTA, BBI/JI€/IICMOTO B
DAHY HDOH3BOHMIIHWX CJIOB (OCHOB), HA H€KOTODBIÍ CCMAHTHHCCKHĂ 2JICMCHT, BBIJI€JIl€MBIl B adwkce ÏaKHM OỐPA3OM, CJIOBOOƠDA3OBAT€JISHO€C 3HAH€HH€G He TO?KI€CTB€HHO 3HAH€HHIO IDHCTaBKH “BOOỐII€ OIID€/I€JICHW€ 3Ha1€HW1 MOPp(€M Ha IIDAKTHK€ H€JCTAB/JIICTCS /JI€JIOM ropa3q0 ỐOJI€€ TDYV/IHBIM, H€M 2TO MOXK€T
IOKA3aTbC1 Ha H€DBBIl B3I/11/1”, - CHpAB€/IJIHBO 3aMeuaerT đ.T Mnnocnapcknbi B
MOHOTpaQwn “BOIIpOCBI €JIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIbHOTO CHHT€34”” OH IIHIIỆT O TOM, NTO
TDVHIHOCTH, BO3HHKAIOIIHC HDH OIIHCAHHH 3HAH4€HHHW TJIATOJIbHBIX IIDHCTABOK, COCTO4T “B OIID€JH€/ICHHH TOTO 3HA4€HH", KOTODOC IDHHA/I€CKHT COỐCTB€HHO IIpHcTaBke, a He HHbIM 4acTAM ee “BHYTPeHHero” WIM ““BH€IIH€TO”” KOHT€KCTA” H.C YiyxaHoB koucratupyet: “B paÕØoTax HO C/IOBOOƠDA30BAaHHWE (ÙODMYIHDOBKaA 3HAH€HM1 THIIa H€P€/IKO BbI1aeTc1 3a (ODMYJIHpOBKYV 3HaqeHWe (ÙODMAHT4, TaK KaK BbIDÀOTKA IIOCJI€IH€I H€D€/KO /IOCTABJII€T ÕOJIbII€€ 3A4TDY/IH€HHS” CJI€HVY€T, O/IHAKO, 3M€THTb, HTO 3ATDVHH€HH1 B BbiDaÕØOTK€ (ÙODMVJIHDOBKH 3HAq4€HHM” IIDHCTABKH B41 JIH MOTYT ỐbITb HIDHHSTBI B KAH€CTB€ C€Db€3HbIX OCHOB8HHMH JJ15
Trang 21“llpewKCHI, TaK ?K€ KAK HCXOHIHBIC MOTHBHDVIOIHIHC T/IATO/IBI, ABIIAFOTCA C¡IO?KHbIMH CCMAHTHu€CKHMH B€JIHHHHaMM” (CeMeHKHHa, 1987) KOHKP€THbI€ HIATH B OIID€/I€/ICHHW CCMAHTHKH IIDHCTaBOK €C7€/1a71a A.B OBqHHHHKOBa Ì IDWCTaBOHHBIe 3HAH€HH1, CHHTA©€T OHA, “VCTAHABJIHBAIOTC1 HA OCHOB€ ÕOƠIIICHH1 /I€DHBAHHOHHO- CCMAHTMHCCKHX IIDH3HAKOB CJIOBOOỐPA3OBATGJIbHBIX 3HAH€HHIÍĂ IIDHCTABOHHBIX
TJIATOJIOB ÏÏDHCTABOHHBI€ 3HAH€HH1 Õb€HHHIIOT B C€ÕƠ€Ẵ B ÕOỐII€HHOM BHJ©
IIDH3HAKH H€CKOJIbKHX C/IOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIbHbIX 3HAH€HHĂÍ, HHCJIO WX H€B€/IHKO IIO CDABHCHHMIO CO CJIOBOÒDA3OBAT€/IbHbIMH” B COOTB€TCTBHH C€ BBIDÀOTAHHBIMH ©EO KpHTepwsaMH A.B BqHHHHKOBđ BBIJI€JIHJIA CCMb IIDHCTABOHHBIX 3HAW€HHHÍ, KOTODBI COOTBCTCTBVIOT C€MHA/HATH C/IOBOOỐPA3OBAT€JIbHBIM 3HAH€HHIM [TJIATOIOB C IpHCTABKOl 3Á-, H /€BWTb IIDHCTABOHHBIX 3HAH4€HHH, KOTODBIC COOTB€TCTBVIOT BA/IIATH O/IHOMY CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIbHOMY 3HAH€HHE) IJIATOJIOB Cc HDHCTABKOlH
IIPH- Stu 1IpHCTaBOHHbBI€ 3HAH€HH1, IOJIATA©€T HCC/I€TIOBAT€/JIb, OTPA?KAIOT ÕO/I€€
BbICOKYIO CT€IICHb CeMaHTHwecKol aÕcTpaKHHH Ho w ux A.B OBqHHHHKOBA He CHHTA€T IHIDCJICIOM C€MAHTHI€CKOTO ÕƠÕỐIIeHHH (Ha BBII€JIIỀT THIIOBBI€ IHCTABOHHBIC 3HAH€HHH, KOTODBIC OObeCAMHAIOT HDH3HAKH H€CKOJIbKHX O/IHOTHIIHBIX HHCTABOHHBIX 3Haq€eHHl W OỐ€ẴWX IIDHCTABOK BBII€JICHO TâKHM ÕPA3OM IIO HN€TBID€ THHOBBIX 3HadeHHAI W IIpWCTaBKH 3A-: Ï) HaIïDaBJICHHe I€lCTBHM4; 2) 3aMbIKAHH€, 3AIIOJIHCHH€ IDOCTDAHCTBA; 3) H€IOJIHOTa /I€lCTBHM4; 4) IOIHOTa /elfcTBHnI W npwncrapKH IlIPH-: I) nocTHKeHH€C ỐH3OCTH; 2)
COIIYTCTBYIOII€€ I€lCTBW€; 3) H€IIOIHOTa JelicTBuA; 4) HOJIHOTa đelCTBH1 “CaMa
Trang 22Vimeetcs Takoxe K/IaccH(ÙMKaIM1 3Haq€HHl IpHCTaBKH 3Á-, I€/JIO)KCHHäA1
B.B bBaparoBol B ce KAH/IATCKOI /IHCC€DTAHHH HH HO/IDA3€JIHIOTCH Ha
CAMOCTOST€JIbHBIC, ÂCBÕOHHBIC (aBTOP Ha3bIBaeT UX THHOBBIMH) HU HeCaMOCTOATEJIbHbIC, HECBOOOAHbIC (OHH Ha3BaHbl “CB13AHHbIMH”) K” I€DBBIM OTH€C€HBI IIPOCTPaHCTBeHHbIle 3HAaYeHHA (HallpaBJICHHOCTH, MOKPbITHA, CMbIKAaHHA KpaeB lpeqMeta), 3HadeHHA Hayasia /I€ÍCTBHH, NHD€3M€DHOCTH, IIDHOƠD€TGHHI, VHHWHTO?K€HH1 H ID€/IBADHT€JIbHOTO /I€lCTBH; KO BTODBIM - 3HAH€HH4 ACTHHHOTO (IOIIYTHOTO) /I€CTBH1, 34KD€ILICHH1, IIOCJI€/IYEOII€TO /€HCTBH1 H IIDHOƠD€T€HH1
IP€JIM€TOM OIID€JI€JICHHbIX KAH€CTB “fDAHHHCHHC THIIOBbIX 3HAH€HHI OT
“CB3HHBIX”, CTpOTHĂ VH€T CHHTAKCHH€CKHX CBOICTB HDHCTABOHHBIX TJIATOJIOB, -
3aweuaeTr B.B BapaToBa, - BH€C€T ÕOJIBIIYIO Õb€@KTHBHOCTb B OIHCAHH€
C7IOBOÒDA3OBAT€/IbHBIX THIIOB IIDHCTABOHHBIX T/IATO/IOB” JÏDYTOH WCCJI€TIOBAT€:Ib, A.M KWJIOKHH, BBII€JIHJI V IDHCTABKH 3Á- BOC€Mb 3HAH€HHÏHÍ; HaIABJICHHA, IOKDBITHH, CKP€IUICHHH, IIDHOỐD€TCHHI, HHTCHCHBHOCTH, KAH4€CTB€HHOC, HAWHHAT€/IbHO€ H COIIDOBO/IHT€/IbHOG€
HeTpVIHO 34M€THTb pa3HOe KOJIHH€CTBO BBII€JIICMBIX 3HAH€HHI H H€COBIIA/ICHH€ WX IIOHM€HOBAHHÏÍ, a B H€KOTOPBIX CJIYWAãX - CM€IICHH€ 3HAH€HHM1 IIDHCTABKH HW 3HAH€HH1 CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIbHOTO THIIa € /AHHOlÍ IDHCTaABKOHlI TeM He MeHee BCe HCCJICHIOBATGIH, OỐPAHIAOIIH€CCEI K_ HOỐJI€M€G T7IA4TOJIbHOl Ip€(ÙHMKCAIHWH, TâaK HJIH WHaAq4G OIICDHDYVEOT HOHITHCM ““I€KCHH€CKOC 3HAH€HHW€ IPHCTABKH” B 2TÏÍ CB3H BCTA©€T BOIDOC I€DBOCT€IICHHOI BA3KHOCTH: WO KaKOlÍ CT€I€HH OIID€J€JICHHOCTH MO3KHO TOBODHTb O 3H8H4€HHH IDHCTABKH (HIHpC - adbwkca BooØIne)? II.C CnTra7IOB CTABHT BOIIDOC CJI€JTYEOIIHM ÕDA3OM: “ABIIAeTCA JIH ODMAHT HOCHT€/ICM KâKOTO-TO - OH€Hb OỐIII€TO, HO BIIOJIH€ OIID€JIGJICHHOTO - 3HAH€HM1 H IIDHCO€/IHHI€TCS JIH OH K 3HHỌÌÍ HIDOH3BO/UIII€Ï OCHOB€ IOTOMY, HTO MMeeT OIID€JI€JICHHOC 3HAH€HHC, WIM 3K€ (ÌODMAHT H€ HM€€T OID€JTI€JICHHOTO 3HAH€HM1 JIHỐO HMC€€T H€CKOJIbKO HHOITHA HHKAK M©3KJIV COƠOlÍ H€ CBW38HHBIX
Trang 23COCJIWHHCHHWN ÂC€ IIDOH3BOHHIWMH OCHOBAMWH OIID€/I€I€HHOTO THIIA?”Ố 3TO
IIOBTOD€M, BOIIDOC I€DBOCT€IICHHỌI BA?KHOCTH
Trang 24IID€ISITCTBV€T OCO3HAHHEO IDHCTABOHHOTO TJIATO/13 KaK /BYHJICHHOTO ÕDA3OBAHH1 2TO TaAK H43bIBA©MO€ (ÙDA3€O/IOTHH€CKOC ©/IHHCTBO 3ÄT©€M IIO HAJIOTHH K 2TOMY, OIIIYHIACMOMYV K8âK CHHTATMA, T7JIATOJIY MOryT BO3HHKaTb HOBbIe OOpa30BaHua’ B HTOr€ dopmMupyetca HOBBIÏ CJIOBOOODA3OBATCGIbBHHBI THI, B KOTOPOM 7€DHBAIIHOHHbIM CD€/CTBOM #BJII€TC1 TOT 3K€ ID€(ÙHKC, HO Y?3K€ B HHOM 3HAH€HHH
“ÏÏOHSTHO, 4TO HOBOC 3HAH€HHC He OTMCHACT CTaporo, a HBJIICTCH ero
OTBeETBJICHHeM Tak BO3HHKAIOT BC€ BTODHHHBIC 3HAW€HH1 - KaK CeEMaHTHYeCKHe J€DHBATBI HCXOHHBIX JIOKđJIbHBIX 3HAaq€HHl” (TaM ?K€) C€TOHTHMIIHS4S CJIO2KHAH, D43B€TBJICHHA1 CHCT€MA 3Haq€HHÌÍ ÕOJIbIINHCTBA DVCCKHX TJIATOJIbHBIX IDHCTABOK - 3TO D€3YIbTAT HX /JIHT€JIbHOTO 2BOJIOIIHOHHOTO CCMAHTHH€CKOTO DA3BHTH1
BO3HHKHOBCHHC BTODHHHBIX 3HA4€CHHÍ HDHCTABOK OƠYCJIOBICHO HX B3AHMO/I€fÍCTBHCM C pa3JIM4YHbIMH TO CeMaHTHKe WH TDAMMATHH€CKHM HDH3HAKAM
CCDMHAIMW IHIDOH3BOJUHIHHX raarom0B M.B HepenaHOB, kak HW MHOrHe
HCCJICJIOBAT€JIH, IICDBOIIDHHHHV MOABJICHHA Y IIDHCTABOK BTODHHHbIX 3HAW€HHH BHIHT B OƠOỐIICHHOÌ CCMAHTHK€ OCHOB, C KOTOPbIMH COUeTaeTCA Ta WIM Has IpHCTaBKa “B pe3y/IbTaT© CO“eTaeMOCTH C OCHOBAMH B TipeduKce MOABJIAeTCA TlepBOHAYaIbHO CBA3aHHad BTOPH4Had CeMaHTHKa, KOTOpad B /IA/IbH€lHICM IIPOABJIACT T€H/ICHHHIO K BTOHOMH3AIHHH TO Mepe ACHIHDHH% kpyra coueTaBIUHxca ocHoB” (HepenaHos, 1974) IIpu stom “powb reHepaTopa HOBBIXx 3HAH€HHĂ IDHCTABKH HTDAIOT HCXO/IHBI©, THIOBBbI€, HAHÕO/I€€ OỐIIW€ HU HaHÕO.Iee VIOTP€ỐMTCG.JIbHBI©€ T/IAFOJIBbI, HO OỐPA3HY KOTODBIX CO3/IAIOTCH HOBBIC T7IATO/IBI, (ÌODMHDY4 TM CaMBIM HOBO€ 3HA€HH€ IIDHCTABKH”
Trang 25K 3Haq€HWO CJIOBA: “ÏÏO HalICMY MH€HHIO, CaMOC B?KHOC - I7IABHOC 3HAH€HHe, TO, KOTODO€C H€ OIID€/ICJIICTCđ KOHTCKCTOM, B TO BPeCMA KaK OCTAJIbHBI€ (HACTHBI€) 3HA4€HH1 K CCMAHTHH€CKHM 2JICM€HTAM I7IABHOTO 3HAH€HH1 HDHỐƠAB/IIIOT €II€ H 3/JI€M€HTBI KOHTeKCTa ÕOTalHA1 2TOT KOHT€KCT, MBbI IIOJIYHA©€M /18/IbH€lIIH€
aCTHBI€ OTT€HKH aCTHBIX 3Haq€HHH H T.J.”
ECcIH OTH€CTH CKA3aHHoOC E KWPpHIOBHUH€M uw /IHAXDOHHH B OỐ/IACTH CCMAHTHH€CKOTO B3AHMO/JI€lCTBH1 IIDHCTABOK H DA3JIHHHBIX HO 3HAH4€HHIO C€DpHIÍ IDOH3BO/IMIHIWX OCHOB, TO MO3KHO /OBO/IbHO HAT7I1/HO HD€JICTABHTb XâpAKT€P H
2QQ€©KT 2TOTO B3AHMO/I€lCTBMA [ÏM€HHO “^3JIÊ€M€HTbI KOHT€KCTA” 3THX OCHOB H (ODMHDVIOT B /IA/IbH€lIICM “HACTHBIC OTT€HKH HACTHBIX 3HAH€HHH” A Te
3HAH€HH% IIDHCTABOK, KOTODBIC MBbI C€TOHH1, pH CHHXDOHHOM IIOTIXOIG, HAƠIIO/IA©M, VCTAHABJIHBA€M H Õb€KTHBHDYV€M, CYIICCTBYIOT B OTCTOABIIICMCA,
“CHITOM” BHI€ - K@AK CBO€ÕỐDA3HBbI€ CCMAHTHI€CKH€ ““BbIKHMKH” W3 3HA4€HHS
(ÌODMHDOBABIIWHXCW B #3BIK€ CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIbHbIX THIOB, KAK HX CMBICJIOBBIH 3KCTDAKT EC/IH ÕbI 2TO ỐbIJIO HHaAW€, TO COCTABHT€/IH TOJIKOBBIX CJIOBAD€lÍ H€ MOTJIH ỐbI BBIIBHTb IIDHCTABOHHBI€ 3HAW€HHđ H HOKA3ATb H€DADXHIO 2THX 3HAH€HHHI - TOUHO TaK ?K©€, KAK 2TO /I€JIA€TCI CO 3HAM€HAT€JIbHbIMH H CJIY3K€ỐHBIMH CJIOBAMH KpOM€ TOFTO, C/I€IOBđ/O BI IIDH3HATb B 2TOM CJIYWA€ H€COCTOST€JIbHBIMH BC€ DaØOTBI, B KOTODBIX HCC/I€Y€TC IpOỐJI€MA COUeTAeCMOCTH IDHCTABOK H HCXO/HBIX OCHOB, IIOCKO/IbKY €CJIH IDHCTABKA H€ OỐ1A/1A€T CâMOCTOST€JIbHBIM 3HAW€HH€M, TO IOƠJI€MBI COH€TA©€MOCTH €© € KODH€BBIM IJIATOJIOM HDOCTO H€ CYII€CTBV€T A M€3KJIY TâM B DYCHCTHKC HM€€TCđ ÕOJIBIIO€ KOJIHH€CTBO DÃOT, BTODBI KOTODBIX HCC/I€YIOT CHHTATMATHH€CKH€ CBỌÍCTBA T/IATOJIbHBIX HIDHCTABOK (cM paØoTbi B.B
BnHorpaTnopa, b.H IozIiobwHa, E.A 3eMcKol, O.M Coko/iopa, H.C ŸnyxaHoBa,
M.A Illeiaknna, WH.H IIleðo.eBofli n np.)
Trang 26IIDCISTCTBVHOIIHX BO3HHKHOBCHHIO HOBBIX CJIOB HO KOHKDVTHOI MOJ€JH, I€BDATH.JIOCb B IIOC/IICHH€C BDCMH B BA3KHOC HAIIDABJICHHC HCCJI€IOBAHHIÏ B OƠJIACTH CJIOBOOƠDA3OBAHH1 COBD©M€HHOTO pYyCCKOTO 3bIKa” (Hemapnwmn, 1980)
2.M ApxaHre/IbcKa1, IDHB€HI B O/NHOI M3 CBOHX CTaTeli 3aMeqaHHe Ï'O
BwHOKVPpa O TOM, HTO “HHKaKOl a(HKC CâM IIO C€Õ©Ẵ H€ HM€€T 3HAH€HH41 B TOM CMBICJI€, B KAKOM MBI TOBODHM O 3HaqeHWn OCHOB” (BuHoKyp, 1959), BbICKa3bIBaeT CBOI TOHKY 3D€HHđ HA BOIDOC O 3HAH€HHH T7IATO/IbHBIX IIDHCTABOK Ha HHII€T: ecJIM CJOBA BBbIDA3KA€T IID€HIM€THO/IOTHHCCKHC MOHATHA, TO HHCTABKH - aỐCTDAKTHO-JIOTHH€CKHC, HO BC©C ?K€ HA YPOBHe 2JICM€HTADHBIX KOMIIOHCHTOB CMBICJIA4 (C©M) HAM IID€/JICTABJIICTCH BO3MO3KHBIM TOBODHTb O CCMAHTHH€CKOM COIJIACOBAHHH B TAKHX HCDABHO3HAHHbIX €/INWHHHAX, KAK CJIIOBO WH MOopdema” (Apxanresbckaa, 1986) OQÕbIHHO CH€IIHA/IHCTBI, IDH3HABA1 B HDHHIIHI€ 3HAq€HHW€ MODÚ€M, OTM€HAIOT TAâKH€ ©TO OCÕ€HHOCTH, KAK CCOIHATHBHOCTb (COJIHH€B, 1977) w ceMaHTHdccKO€ BapbwpoBaHne (twHuel, 1980) Cp TaKe: “Cama IPHpOIAa MOPp€MHOTO 3HAH€HHM1, H3B€CTHA1 ero CeMaHTHYecKad H€OIID€/I€JICHHOCTb, “HeEOCH3ACMOCTb” TO3BOJIMFOT TOBOPHTb O C€MAHTHu€CKOH BapHaTHBHOCTH MOpdeM, BO3MO3KHOI B UIMpOKHxX Ipeneiax” (KY3H€HOBA, EdpewoHa, 1986)
Trang 27Õ3AHHOCTH: BBIDA?K€HH€ JI€KCHHI€CKHX H TpAMMaTHuecKWX 3HaqeHHf” (1985) BBICKaK€M B CB513H © 2THM H€CKOJIbKO 3aM€HAHHÏ:
I HeJIb3, rOBODp1 O 3Haqd€eHWH MOD(€M, H€ BH/ICTb D43JIHHHÍ M€?KJY TMH H3 HHX, KOTOPBI©C BbIDA3KAIOT JI€KCHH€CKH€ (B€IICCTB€HHBI€) 3HAW€HH", H TeMH, KOTOPBI€ BBIDA?KAFfOT TDAMMATHU€CKH€ 3HaAq€HHM1 Pa3/INHH4S M€?KJIY 2THMH THIIAMH MOD€M HOCST T7IYỐOKHÏI, IDHHIIHHHAJTbHbIl XapaKT€D
2 Bpaa, 1H MO%KHO /IAHHO€ BbICKa3bIBaHHe K.A TMo(eeBa Õ€3OTOBODOWHO OTH€CTH KO BC©€M BH/IAM /ICDHBAIHOHHbIX MOpđM BO-H€PBBIX, ©€CTb CYIICCTB€HHbI© 043/IHHW1 M€?K7IY IDHCTaABKaMH H cy(ÙHWKCAaMH B ID€J€/IAX O/HOÌÏ HACTH D€HH; BO- BTOPbIX, M€?KIY IDHCTaABKaMH H cydduKcamu B ciepe p43HbiX HaCT€l p€HH COB€PDIICHHO OW€BH/IHBI IIDOCTDAHCTB€HHBI€ 3HAH€HH4 IIDHCTABOK đøi-, 3đ-, Hđ-, O-, nepe- Hi Ip (cp.: 6biememb, 3a1e3mb, HAbeHCaMb, ONON3MU, Nepensivimb, UT Ih.), HO M€H€€ OIID€J€/I€HHBI Cy((ÙHKCHI (nNoLIecocumb) uM -a- (obedamb) A 4TO 3H8HAT KOH€HHBI€ -đ, -7, -O B HAD€HHSX (GO3ØV2/CỊđHU€, OI1€UẴ€CKU, 6360/1IHOGGHHO)? Kpome TOTO, IDHCTABKH, B OT7INHHC OT Cy(Ù(HKCOB, H© MOTYT ỐBbITb YHHKAJIbHbIMH, H IIOTOMY OHH CTAH/IApTHBI (ODMAJIbHO H ÕOJI€€ HAIIOJIH€HbI CCMAHTHH€CKH
3 ECJIH OTDHIATb B MOPp(M€ HAJINHH© 3HAH€HHII, TO MOXKHO JIM IIDH 2TO VTB€D%KJATb, HTO ©€€ 3HA4€HH€ DeaJIH3y€TC1 B CJIOB€? Be/b D€AJIH3OBATbC1 B H€M MO?K€T TOJIbKO TO, HTO HM€€TCI B MOD(©M€ BH€ C/JIOBA B CB13H C 3THM H©JIb31 H© CpaBHHTb IIDHCTABKV CO 3HAMCHAT€JIbHBIM CJIOBOM 3HA4€HH€ CJIOBA TO2XK€ D€AJIH3V€TC1 B COHCTAHHH C /IDYTHMH DABHBIMH ©MY BO CTATYCV #3bIKOBbIMH ©7IHHHIIAMH B COCTAB€ CJIOBOCOH€TAHMH H IID€/U1O›KeHHH HaIIpHMeP, T€ 3HaH€HH1, KOTODBI€ HM€€T C/IOBO “TOJIOBA””` H KOTODBIC H€DACHJICH€HHO “M€IOT ỐBITb”” B H€M, D€AJIH3VIOTCI B COCTABC TAâKHX H€JJIO3KHHH, KaK “OT€I 3AMOTA/ TOJIOBOI”, “llapeHb 2ToT - ÏojoBaÌ” uv “MWHHOHOCHIBI HAIDABH/IWCb K TOJIOB€ 2CKanpbI” Ho 3TOT (aKT H€ MO?K€T HAC 3ACTABHTb YTB€D?KJATb, 1TO /IAHHO€ CJIOBO HỆ HM€€T 2THX 3HAH€HHĂ /O H BH€ KOHT€KCTa IloosTOMy TOYHO Tak 2Ke, KaK B CHCTEME A3bIKa CCTb
JI€KCHKO-C€MAHTHMu€CKH€ BApHAHTBI (JICB) TOJIOBäI, TOJIOBđ;, TOJIOBA4 H T.JI HH
Trang 28BapwanTbni (MCB) tepe-,, Mepe-2, Mepe-3 WIM %Ke 3a-1, 38-2, 3a-3 H T 1 MMeHHO Tak,
C HCIIOJIb3OBAHH€M OTJJIbHBIX 3HAH€HHH IIDHCTABKH W MOTHBHDYVEOIHVH OCHOBBI, IP€/ICTABJI1€T Hpe€e(WKCAJIbHBI€ TJIarOIBI A.H EpMaKOBA: Hepe-Ïl + /N€JAaTb =
IIED€/I€JIATb (KOCTIOM), I€P€-2 + JI€JIATb = H€D€/I€JI4Tb (MHOTO JI€ẴJ1); pA3-Í + THATb- Ï = pa3oTHaTb (ITHI B CTODOHBI), paA3-2 + THaATb-2 = pA3OTHATb (MAIIHHV) H T 7 (1980) Bce HOMWHaATHBHO-IIDOWH3BO/IHBI€ WH IICDCHOCHBIC 3HAH€HH1 BO3HHKAIOT HA Õa3© OCHOBHOTO HOMHHATHAHOTO 3HAH€HH1 W CHHXDOHHO COCVIIICCTBVEOT € HHM -3TO IIOJIOK€HH€ DABHO OTHOCHTCA H K CJIOBY, H K MOpdeme “Pa3BHTH€ 3HAa4€HH4 CJIOB,- nucan B.A BOTOpOHHHKHH,- OƠYCJIOBJIHBA€TCH CCOIHAHH€IH CM€?KHOCTH H
cxoncTrBa” (1913, c.l43) llo TeM »€ C€MAHTHUH€CKHM 3AKOHAM IIDOHCXOHIHT H
D43BHTH€ 3HAq€HHÏÍ T/IATOJIbHbIX IDHCTABOK
B cooTBeTcTBHH C€ K/IaccwndwKanweli, npe/IoKeHHoIH Ơ.C MacnoBbIM, IIDHCTABKH CJI€/IY€T OTH€CTH K TỌÍ FDYHH€ MOD(€M, KOTOPbIe ABJIAFOTCA HOCHTeJIAMU COOCTBCHHO C€MAHTHd€CKMX (ÙYHKHHH HH ID€JICTABJIIEOT CÕOEK) /IBVCTODOHHHG ©7IHHHIIbI 13bIKa, ÕJIA3AEOIIH€ OIID€JICJICHHbIM 3HA4€HH©M H MaAT€DHAJIbHOH (ÌOpMỌÍ
JA BbIPAKeHHA 2TOITO 3HAH€HHAI KA34HHOC COIJIACYeTcd c MHeHHeMm VI
MHIOCJIABCKOTO, VTB€D?KJHAIOHI€TO, HTO MOPp(GMA - 2TO M©€JIbHẠIHAđ 3HAKOBA1 ©/IHHHIIA 3bIKA, /JI1 KOTODỌlÍ ““BC€T/Ilä MO?KHO ÕOJI©€€ HJIH MGH€€ TOHHO OIID€/I€JIHTb 3/ICM€HTBI, COOTH€CCHHBIC Cc Hel B IUIAH€ CO/I€PKaHHS” lĨÏO2TOMYV /JIÕAd TJIATO/IbHA1 IIDHCTABKA, HA HAI B3T711/1, MO3K€T ỐBITb OIIHCAHA TOHHO TâK ?K€, KâK H IDVTH©€ /IBYCTODOHHHC #3bIKOBBIC €HHHHHBI BC€Ẵ eno B BBIỐOp€ MỀ€TO/HKH OIIHCAHH1, IIO3BO/IIEOII€I €KBATHO OTPA3HTb T© 2/I€M€HTbI CMBICJIA, KOTOPBIe
IIPHXO/HITCZA Ha GQJIHEO CaMOH IIPHCTABKH, â HC OCHOBBI HJIH IIDHI5IATOJIBHHIX CJIOB
1.3 Cemanmuka u dynkKuuonupoeanue npucma6Ku 3Á- 8 DVCCKƠM 3bIK€
IIpeduxc 3A- IIpoyKTHBHaA1 (ODMO- H C/IOBOOƠDa3yIOIHma# MopdeMa B COBD€M€HHOM DYCCKOM #3bIK€ OH #BJII€TC1 O/IHHM H3 HaHƠOJI€€ KTHBHBIX CD€/ICTB ÕDA3O0BaHH1 (ODM H JI€KC€M COB€DIICHHOTO BH/1A
Trang 29CKDBIBAIOTCW D43/IHHHBIC ABJICHHA, MTO HÐ HO3BOJIICT TOBODHTb O IIOJIM)YHKIIHOH8JIbBHOCTH T7IATOJIbHOTO IpewkKca 3A- PaccMaTpHBA1 pA3JINHHBIG D€3YJIbTATBI IDHCO€/IHH€HH1 /IAHHOTO IIDe(}WKCA K HCXO/HHBIM Õ€CIDHCTABOHHBIM JI€KC€MAM, IO/IH€DKHCM, HTO B IIOHHMAHHH CVIHIHOCTH CHOCOỐOB /I€ÌCTBH1 MBI CJI€IYV€M 3a TÊMH JIHHTBHCTAMH, KOTODBI€ CHHTAIOT, HTO K IIOCJI€IHHM “CJI€/YV€T OTHOCHTb MaKUe OCOGOEHHOCMU JIEKCUYECKUX 3HAYEHUL BCX 2NAZ0/106, KOTOPbIe Tak HJIH WHaAd€ KODD€JIHDYIOT € OƠII€l 3OHOI CH€KTYAJIbHOCTH H He OOA3aMe/bHO 6olIpancaiomca mMoouduyupyrowumu MopdemMamu BH1€ICHHBIC HAMH CJIOBAa
4BJIIOTCW 7IJI1 HAC “KJIIOH€BBIMH” B HIOHHMAHHH COJ€P?KAHH1 T€DMHHA “CIOCOỐ
71©HCTBH1”
ACIIEKTO/JIOTH BbILJI€/IIEOT B C€MAHTHH€CKOI CTDYKTVP€ I7IATOJIA BA CJIOS:
“IOHITHĂHBIHI, ÕYC/IOBJIHBAIOIIHÏ KOHKD€THO€ “C€O/I€P?KaHHW€”” đ€lCTBH1 (KAKOBO
2TO /I€ÌCTBH€, HÊ€M OHO OT/IHHA€TC1 OT /IDYTHX /€lÍCTBHH), H aKIHOHA/IbHhIH,
KOTODHIĂÍ OIID€JI€JII€T OỐIIH€ OCOO€HHOCTH IOT€KđHH1 /IAHHOITO AeCHCTBUA BO BpeMeHH (Kak 2TO /I€lCTBH€ OCVII€CTB/IICTCI, KảK OHO BO3HHKaeT WIM K KaKHM pe3yJIbTaTaM IIpHBOJMT)”
IIpu m€ep(j€KTHBAHHH 3aTparuBpaetcad JIHÕỐO TOJIbBKO OIHH CHIOI —
KIHOHđ/IbHHI (CÕOCTB€HHO-AKHIHOHAJIbHA4 H€Pp(€KTHBAIM), JIHỐO OỠaA — H
IIOHSITHĂHHIÍ, W KIIHOHA/IbHHIÍ (IOHITHÍHO-AKHHOHAđIbHA4 IIepÙ€KTHBAHHM1) H,
TaKHM OỐPA3OM, KOH€HHbI€ D€3V/IbTATbI IIe€p€KTHBAHMH pa3zIM4HbI boJIe©e TOFO, ©CJIH HTOTOM IOHITHÍHO-AKIHOHAJIbBHOI IIepÌ}€KTHBAHHH ABIIAeTCA OOPa30BaHHe
COB€DII€HHO HOBOM I/IATOJIbHOI JI€KCCMBI, KaK IIDABHIO, KOMILI€KCHOH
IIOJIHMIDOIO3WTHBHOI CCMAHTHKH, TO pe3yJIbTaT COỐCTB€HHO-AKHHOHA/IbHOl Iep€©KTHBAIHWMH MO3K€T ƠbITb /IBOSKHM: Ï) Hpe(ÙHKCAJIbHBIlf T/IATOJI ÕPA3Yy€T c IOH3BO/IIIHM BHIOBVIO HADY; 2) Hp€HKCAIbBHBIÍ T/ATOI TM HINH HHBIM o0pa30M MO/IH(HIINDV€T CCMAHTHKYV HCXO/JIHOTO T7JIATOJI3, HW BAUAOBOK IIADBI HH 3TOM H€ ÕPA3Y€TCI
Trang 30— /JJIH MONIH(HKAHHOHHOITO, A3TDAHHH€HHC KOTOPbIX B H3B€CTHBIX KJIaccnH(WKaIiWax CIOCOỐOB /I€ÏCTBH1 OỐBIHHO H€ IIDOBO/IHTCWE HJIH IDOBO/IHTCS H€IIOCJI©€/IOBAT€JIbHO
PasrpaHHueHHWe MO/IWHKAHIHH W MYTAIHH MO3K€T OIIHDATbC1 (HO TO3K€ He Ố©Ẵ3 TDV/IHOCT€l B KAKHX-TO CJIYdAđdX) HA CCMHBII H3JIH3 IIDOH3BO/NIHOTO H IIDOH3BO/IHIHI€TO T7IATOJIOB ©€ HCIIOJIb3OBAHH€M CJIOBOOƠDA3OBAT€JIbEHbIX II€pDHQD43 IIpu MwonwHÙWKaHHOHHOM CJIOBOOỐPA3OBAHHH He IDOHCXOHHT H3M€H€CHHd KaTeropHasIbHO-JIeKCH4eCKOH CeMbI HDOH3BO/BHHICTO B HOH3BOIHOM, HH
MYTAHIHOHHOM — 9Ta CeMa W3MeHAeTCA, 34TDATHBA1 IIOHSTHHHHH C/IOH,
7ÕAB.JIIEOTCI HOBBIC CCMBI, CO 3HAYCHHEM KAKOÍ-IHỐO CIICHHAJIbHOIÍ D€3V/IbTA- THBHOCTH, HJIH II€JICBOI HAIIDABJICHHOCTH, CIOCÕA HIDOT€KAHH41 /I€ÍCTBHW, H/IH IIDHHHHHOCTH
PaccMOTPHM 2TH IIDOICCBI ÕO/I€©€ IIOIDOỐHO Ha IpHM€P€ OỐPA3OBAHHÌI C IpeÙwKcoM 3A-:
1.3.1 Buịoeas napa
BH7OBYIO HADY, KaK H3B€CTHO, ÕDA3VIOT “IB€ COOTHOCHT€/IbHbIE (ÙODMBI O/IHOTO HM TOrO ?3K€ I7IATO/I3, COBIIAIAEROHIHC /I€KCHH€CKH W WM€IOHI€ DA3HbI€ BHJOBBIC 3HAW€HHW: OJIHO H€COBCDIICHHOTO, Apyroe — COB€DIICHHOTO BH7A” IIpuctapka B TAKHX C/IYHA4X BJIICTCH “TIYCTOM”, “JI€JICKCHKđ/IH3OBAHHOl”, ee 3HAH€HH€ “TADMOHHDY€T”, COI€TA€TCđ CO 3HAH€HH€M TJIATO/IbHOI OCHOBBI (O/HOTO HJIH H€CKOJIbKHX /I€KCHKO-CCMAHTHH€CKHX BADHAHTOB MHOTO3HAHHOTO T.IATO/I8); Ố€CIPHCTABOHHHII TJIATOJI, K@AK HABWIO, 34KIOHACT B cede dJICMCHT D€3Y.IbTATHBHOCTH HJIH HAIIDABJICHHOCTH Hã D€3YJIbTAT, O/IHAKO D€3YJIbTATHBHOCTb 3JCCb H€ HM€€T CIICIIHA/IbHOTO BH€IHIH€TO BbIDAKeHM4 |ÏpWcTraBKA VCTDAHS€T 2TYV H€OIID€/IGJICHHOCTb, ©€ (ÌYHKIHWS 3AKJIOHA€TCH B HO/IH€DKHYTOM BbIDA3K€HHH H/I€H D€3YJIbTATA, 3/IO3KCHHOI B Õ€CIIDHCTABONHHOM I7IATOJIC; TAKH€ T7JIATOJIbI OỐBbIHHO OTHOCT K ÕIID€3VJIbTATHBHOMY CIOCOỐY /I€fCTBMA
Trang 31BHnOBYO apy K OnHOMV JICB HCXONHOTO T/IArOA ÕDA3VEOT IDHCTABOHHBI€ ÕPA3OBAHH1 2đŒ11b — 34Z2đCUW1p — (ID€KDAIIATb / ID€KDATHTb TOD€HH€); ZđCHVfb — 3đZqCHYyMb (pa3T.) — (I€D€CTATb TOD€Tb, CB€THTb, TYXHYTb /
IIOTYXHYTB); K q€TbIpeM JICB w3 IIITH T7IATOJIA 210XHÿïẰb B Kaq€CTB€ BH/JIOBỌÍ HApBI
OTM€WA€TC1 3đ270XHyđb; K TpDeM JICB (H3 IIITH) T7IATOJIA 21/115 BH1OBOl HTapol IBJIICTC1 3đ27ÿ///0p, HO OCOỐCHHO IIDO/JIYKTHB€H IID€(ÙHMKC 3A- HIpH OỐPA3OBAHHH BH7OBBIX IIAD O/IHO3HAHHBIX TJIAFOJIOB: Ø1/1HOHW3MĐO6đIb — 3Q2UHHOII3IDO6đmb: — A MOx*eTe BbI MCHA 3G2UNHOMUZUPOGAMb VU BHYLIWTb 1TO-HHỐY/TIb? — Ì HIIHOTH3€P — 9TO a CopokasieTHHH cTaxK UW CeMb Meyasieh [unHomusupyro SIMU, OOOero Tosa, 7OMAIIHHX %KMBOTHBIX (JIeOHOB); cmozo6amb — 3acmoezo6eamb: C yTpa pacitycTHiM CeHO HU Tellepb yxKe Havasu cmozoeamb ero [Kecres]: — He uyeT Hapoy Ha kocbOy JlecHytO JIYTOBHHV kKOe-Kak BCe %*e 3acmozoeanu (Hukonaes); samamo — 3anamame: — BoT đywme Obl WITaHbl 3a7aman — B kakow pa3 Tbl MHe IIDO HHX HanomMuHaellb! Hagoes yoxe VM kak ux CTaH€IIb Ø7 2 ([IlonoxoB)
B rpaMMaTwwecKOl (4HCTOBHAOBOH) (ÙyHKHWH Wpedukc 3a- UCHOJIb3yeTCA Kak cpecTBO /IH{Q€D€HHHMAIHHW BHJIOBbIX 3HAH4€HHÍ /IBYBHJIOBBIX TIATO/IOB (agancupoeamb — 3aabaHCuposamb, apeHoOosamb — 3aapeHooeamb) B KOHe4HOM HTOI€ TMOABJIGHHe TIPHCTaBOUHbIX OOpa30BaHH IIDHBOIHT K_ D343DVHICHHEO BYBH/IOBOCTH HW VCTAHOBJICHHE) BH/IOBOIÍ HADHOCTH: ỐbIBIHIHÌ BVBH/IOBỌÍ T7IATOZT “IIepeKJIOWA€TCHI” Ha BBIDAK€HHC CeMaHTHKH H€COB€DIICHHOCTH, Hp€- (HKCaJIbHHI raroI CB ÕỐPpa3y€T C€ HHM BHIOBYRO HADY: f1@H206đđibp — 3@QHGJIGHOGđIỌbĐ, KOHCHHĐUMĐOGAMb — 3KOHCHHDUHĐOGđIb, @KHMUHDO6GđHmb — 3aaxmuposamb, MAMDUMUUMĐOGđMb — 3aMampuyupoeame, YyeXHmpoeame = — 3ayeHmpoeamo, acdaibmuposame — 3aacdalomupoeame, mMapKupo6amo — 3amapKupoeame, duKcupoebamb — 3ad@uKcupoeamb Hi ip
Ilo naHHbBM MaJIoro aKa€MHM€CKOTO C7JIOBAD1, B COBD€M€HHOM DYCCKOM
Trang 321.3.2 MoouqDuKqdWuoHHđs (ÙVHKUWM4
IIpeQxc 3A- BbIIIOJIH1€T MO/IIĐHKAHHOHHYVIO (YHKHWE, OỐDpA3V1 cIOCOGØbI
I€lCTBHM1 MO/IHWKAHIHOHHOTO THIa [ÍDH 2TOM CeMbI, (ÙÌODMHDYIOIHIW© 3HaAq4€HHW© TOTO HJIH HHOTO CIOCÕA I€lCTBHd, KOHKD€TH3HDVIOT 3HA4€HH€ MOTHBHDYVIOHIETO [JIATOJIA, HHHHHMIHHAJIbBHO He MeHAA eFoO; IjIATOJIbI-JPHBATBIL CO 3HAH€HH€M CIIOCOOOB /I€lCTBHđ1 OTHOCITCI K TỌI ?K€ JI€KCHKO-CCMAHTHu€CKOl TDYHIIE, HTO H MOTHBHDVIOIHHW TJIATOJI, IHIO3TOMY B /AHHOM CJIYdA€ MO3KHO TOBODHTb O MO/IWHMKAIWOHHOM CJIOBOOƠDA3OBAT€JIbBHOM THII©
1.3.3 Cnocooot Oelicmeua, 6bipancennole nDequKcoM 31-
COIJIACHO W3BeCTHbIM KJIaccHHKaHHSM, upedukc 3A- oOdpa3yer C;7I€7IYIOIIW€ CIOCOƠPBI /I€fCTBHã:
1.3.3.1 Hauwunamenonoiti cnoco6 Oeticmeua
HauwHaT€;IbHBIf — BbipazKaeT MOM€HT BO3HHKHOB€HH1 /I€CTBHM4, II€DBBIH
Trang 331.3.3.2 Cuaeuumenobuoll (ammenvamueHolll) cCnoco6 Oelicmeua
CMWTHHTCJIEBHHÌ (ATT€HVATHBHH) CHOCOỐ /€ÍCTBHH BBIDA?KA€T OC/IAỐ/I€HHVIO, H€IIO/IHVIO CT€IICHb TIPOABJICHHA pe3yJIbTaTHBHOTO /I€ÌCTBH1 H MO3K€T ỠbITb D€ID€3€HTHDOBAH IepH(QpA3Ol “COB€DHIHTb /IClCTBH€, HA3BAHHOC MOTHBHDYVIOIIHM TJIATOIOM, CJI€TKA H€MHOTO” B VKA3aHHOM CJIOBape IP€JICTABICHO 5 T7JIAFOJIOB, HM€IOIHIHX JI€KCHKO-CCMAHTHU€CKHC BADHAHTBI CMãTHHT€/IbHOTO C]Ï, HTO CBHJI€T€JIbCTBV€T O H€IIDO/IYKTHBHOCTH IIDHCTABKH B 9TOM 3HA4eHHH: 3aMbIMb, 3anuIUumMb, 3acmupamb, 3anoNocKamMb, 3a4uucmume Bce 3TH T7IAFOJIbI MHOTO3HAHHBI€, H JIHIIb B O/IHOM W3 CBOHX 3HA4€HHÍI OHH OTHOCTCä K
CM5THHT€JIbHOMV CIIOCOỐY /I€lCTBHã:
3acmupamb l OTMBITE IIITHO, Pp13b, He CTHpas BCeH BEIM, 3aMBITb 2 ILđTHO Ha cKaTepTu
3anulumb 1 C]e;IaTb IIHJIOl HA/ID€3, IIOJIHHJIHTb 3471715 TOCKY
2 JÏaHHBIH T7IATOJI HM€€T OMOHHM HAHHHAT€/IbHOTO CJ]: HaWaTb
IIHJIHTE
34no1oOCKđmp | Ì IO7IOHIA, 3AMBITB
2 TOT T/IATO/I TaK?K€ HM€€T OMOHHM HAHHHAT€/IbHOTO C |: HaqaTb IIOJIOCKATb [Ïp€/ICTAB/II€TCW, HTO BO BC€ CJIOBADHBI€ TOJIKOBAHHM14 JJAHHBIX JI€KCHKO-CCMAHTHU€CKHX BADHAHTOB CJICIOBAIO ÕBbI
BKJIOHHTbB KOMIOH€HT “H€MHOTO CJI€TKA”
Taonuya 1.1: Hexomopote 2iazolel omHocamca K CMAZUUMebHOMY Cnocoby OelicmeuaA 1.3.4 Mymayuonnoili cnoeoobpaz06amebHolti mun
C nomomubio wpedukca 3A- oOpa3yroTcad THATOJIBI HH JI€KCHKO- CCMAHTHW€CKH€ BADHAHTBI, OTHOC1IIWeC4 K MYT8IHOHHOMYV CJIOBOÒPA3OBAT€JIbBHOMY THIIY [ĨÏpH 3TOM IPOH3BO/THBI€ Ip€(ÙWKCA/IbHBI€ T/IATOJTBI OƠO3HAWAIOT H€ MO/H(ÙHKAIWE 3HAH€HH1 IDOH3BO/UIITO, 4 OỐPA3VIOT HOBVIO JIeKCeMy C /IDYTHM 3HAW€HH€M, B CCMAHTHU€CKYIO CTPyKTypy KOTOpOH 3HAq€HWe€
Trang 34Ilo HalmHM HÃIIOI€HHSM, HOH3BOHHB©E “3A” - oOpa30BaHHa,
OTHOCSIIHCC1 K MYTAHHOHHOMY CJIOBOOODA3OBAT€JIBHOMV THIIY, H€/ICTABJIIKOT
CỊOlÍ T/IATO.JIBI € KOMIIICKCHỌÍ IIOJIHIIDOIIO3HMTHBHỌÌÍ CCMAHTHKỌI, B CTDYKTYD€ HX
JI€KCHH€CKHX 3HAH€HHÌ IID€/ICTABJICHbI B CB€DHYTOM BH/© T© HJIH HHBIC BHJBI JIOTHKO-CCM8HTHH€CKWX OTHOIICHHI: D€3Y/IbTATHBHO-CJICICTB€HHBIC, IIDHHHHHO-
C/ICJICTBCHHBI©, IICJICBBIC, ÕPA34 ĐH CHOCÕA /J€lCTBHI, HÃJTIO/TA€TCH H
COBM€IIICHW€ BBIDA?Ka©MbIX OTHOIICHHĂI
Yactb NOAO0OHbIX OOpa30BaHHi OObIMHO OTHOCAT K HHTCHCHBHOMY CJ] kak D43HOBH/IHOCTH CII€IWAJIbHO-D€3YJIbSTaTHBHBIX C |, MbI COXDAHHM 2TY TDA/IHHMEO, IIOIH€DKHYVB IIDH 2TOM, HTO DACCMATDHBA€M 9TOT CJ B TDYHH€ MYTAIHHOHHO- pe3yJIbTaTHBHBIX B pamMkax HMHT€HCHBHOTO C”| BBLI€JISIIOTCH BA THONTHHA, D43JHHAIOIIH€C# CTDVKTYDHO HW_ C€MAHTHd€CKH lÏOJIHIDOHO3MTHBHOCTb Ux CCMAHTHKH HAXOJIHT OTPAKCHHC B A3JIHHHBIX CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€/IbHBIX IIepHpa3ax:
1.3.4.1 “B pe3ylibTare HHTCHCHBHOIO /€ÌÏCTBHH, HA3B3HHOTO
MOTHBHDVIOIIWM TJIATOJIOM, HDHÍÍTH B KaKO€-TO HOBO€ COCTOSHH©, IIOJIO?KHT€JIbHO HJIH OTDHIIAT€JIbHO OIICHHBA©MO€”; 3TO TJIATOJIbI € IpHCTaBKOlÍ 3A- w ïiocTr}WKCOM —c B C€MAHTHu€CKOl CTDYKTYD€ O/IHHX TJIATOJIOB 2TOTO HO/ITHHA “CB€DHVTBI” D€3YJIbTATHBHO-CJI€TICTB€HHBI© OTHOIICHH1 B UX HHCTOM BHJ© (HDHM€PBI TDYHHBI A), B C€MaHTHYecKOH CTDVKTYP€ HIDYTHX OHH COBM€IIHAIOTCI C€ OTHOIICHHSMH IIDHHHHHO-CJI€ICTB€HHbIMH (IDHM€PBI TDYHHBI B)
Ipymna A:
3A6PAMbCA — YBIICUbCA BPAHbeM, 3allyTAaTbCA BO JDKH; 34/10606đff1bŒ# — JIIOƠVSCBb, 3AT7111€TbCS;
3a@1U1OCOQCI606đ1uG1 — yBieubca (ÙHIOCO(CTBOBAHHCM; B_ CBOHX
DACCY?KJI€HH5X /IOlTH /O H€JI€HIOCT€H;
3aQđGH1đ3DO6đ7bŒ5 — YBJIeqbcs1 (baHTa3nwell: — [ÏpHoCcTaHOBHT€Cb, ÈMH.JIHS IleTpoBuHa: BbI yxKe 4epecuyp 3ad@anma3upoeanuco (IIucemckui);
Trang 353aAMaHYeb6aMbCA — VBIICIbCH TAHIAMH, YCTATb OT /OJITWX TAaHH©€B: — /Ï B CHe BD©M1 H HAYVKY 34IIVCTHLI, 34D©3BHJICI, 3471đH1/26đ1165 B 1Ipax ([IlHIIKOB);
3đXOOMIbŒ — CIHHIKOM JIOTO XOJIHTb, VCTATb OT XONIbƠbI: |2MHIHH]:
ONHAK7bI MBI O 0 34XO111Gb (Jl€ÐMOHTOB);
3AXNONOMAaMbCA — IIDOB€CTH MHOTO BD€M€HH B XJIOIOTAX, YCTäTb OT XJIOIOT: |[AnHHa IlerpoBHal|: — x, 2đx2#ØOi4đ1đCb # COBCCM, MOHCHbBKH MOCÍ HT OTOXHYTb IpwcecTb (A.H OcTpoBcKHl);
3a0e2ambCA — YTOMUTBCA, YCTATb OT /IJIHT€JIbHOI OeroTHH
IIpwuvHHad ceMa 34J103K€HA BO BC€X CJIOBADHBIX TOJIKOBAHHäX 3HAH€HHH TJIATOJIOB TDYHHBI B H HID€/ICTABJI€HA B IID€/IJIO2KHO-HA/I€3KHOl KOHCTDYKHHMHM “OT + P.n.”
1.3.4.2 I1aroJIbI WHTeHcwBHoro C/I c ipedbwKcoM “3A-”, HO 6e3 ïnocT(ÙWKca MOTYT ỐBITb OIIHCAHBI H€D€3 CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIbBHYVIO II€DH{PA3V “B D€3V/IbTAT€ €lCTBH1, HA3B3HHOTO MOTHBHDYIOIIHM TJIATOJIOM, Õb€KT /IOXO/HT HO KDAlH€TO,
H€?K€/IAT€JIbHOTO 7IJI1 HỆFO COCTOZHHS””:
3đ/Hđ7b — 3AMVHHTb, W3HYDHTb BICTpOI, IDOJIOJD2KHT€JIbHOI €3/OH,
TOHbØoOH: OHH Õb€3Ka1nH (ÙpOHT B ÕDHHK€, 3đ2Hđ1⁄ JIOIIA/b, ỐDOCHJIH €©€ Ha XYTOP€ H 7IOTHđ'IH 2II€JIOH IeIIKOM (A.H ToJneTroli)
3adepzamb' — TOMHTb, W3MYHWTb (JIOIIAIb), WACTO /I€DTA4 3â BOXKH: JloImanb, uw 6e3 Toro c peOpamu Hapyxy, T€I€Db €JI€-€JII€ IICDCBOHHT yx, 3đỊ@Ð22đHHđ#1 XO34HHOM (fapOHHMH-ÏI Ï€TpOIIaBJIOBCKHÏÍ);
3đ414CKđTb (DA3T.) — 3ACBIHATb JIACKAMH, VTOMHTb JIACKAMH 3414CKđHb peðeHKa;
34X6đHMđf1b — 3ATD3HHTb dACTBIM HDHKOCHOBCHH€M, HACTbIM XBATAHHCM IlepeIII€T 34x6đ7đn 1IaIbHaMH, Tp13€H H cTap (K Œ®eMRH)
Trang 36cema “crioco6, oOpa3 /I€lCTBH” B CJIOBADHbIX TO/IKOBAHHX BbIpaKeHa (OpMOlH TBODHT€/IbHOTO IIA©?Ka ïM€HH CYIICCTBHT€/IbHOTO
1.3.4.3 Kak DA3HOBHIHOCTb MYTAHHOHHO-D€3VJIbBTATNMBHOTO Cj| MBI
paccMaTpHBaeM OƠBbIHHO BBII€JIICMBIÏ ACIICKTOJIOTAMH HAKOHHTGJIbHHH Cj|, CCMAHTHHCCKA1 CTDYKTYPA KOTODpOTO COOTBeETCTBYeT IICDHDA43©€: “BBIHOJIHSTb I€lCTBHC, HA3BAHHOC MOTHBHDVIOIHIHM T7IATOJIOM, TâK /IOJITO HH HACTO, YTO HAKOIIHTbE KakHe-TO ÕỐb€KTbI HJIH pe3yJIbTaTbl /I€lCTBHI B 3HAHHT€JIbHOM KOJIHH€CTB€””:
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BKJIIOH€HHOI HDOIIO3MHH€I ÕPA3a uM CIIOCÕA elcTBHA HW TMpeCTaBJICHbI B
CHOBOOOpa30BaTeJIbHOK H€PpHÙDA3€ “BBIHOIHITbE /I€lCTBHC, Ha3BaHHOe MOTHBHDVIOIIHM TJIATOJIOM, OHID€/I€JICHHBIM CIOCÒOM € OIID€/I€JICHHOÌ I€/JIblO”, JOCTH?K€HH€ KOTODpOlÍ H (ÌHKCHDY€T IIDHCTABOHHHIÍ TJIATOJI (HJIH OTAeJIbHbIe ero JI€KCHKO-CCMAHTHH€CKH€ BADHAHTBI):
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Trang 3734WucMMb — Ì C€JIlATb NHCTBIM, CHB HACTb HIOB€DXHOCTH, VYCTDAHHTb H€POBHOCTH, II€DOXOBATOCTH; 2 CI€/IATb HHCTBIM, CHWB H3O/I1HHIO, OKA/INHV H T 1
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B neppok riape wamicro HCCeOBAHHA ObUIM H3/1O2KCHBI (VH/3MGHTđJTbHBIG TCODCTHHCCKHC fONOKeHHA O HDOỐHCMC OHHCGHHH PHATOIbBHBIX HDHCTABOK DYCCKOTO sA3bIKa Ww CCMđHTHHGCKOH CTDVKTYDbL HDHCTABKH 3À- B DYCCKHX HDHCTAROHHBIX PHATOJHAX HCC HẠIOXKCHHOC B /AHHOH PHABC HO3BOJHCT HaM CH€/IATb C7ICVYHOHIHG BBIBO/BL:
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