Nghiên cứu về thành ngữ có chứa các từ chỉ thời tiết trong tiếng anh và tiếng việt nhìn từ góc độ văn hóa

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES  VŨ THỊ SINH A STUDY ON IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS CONTAINING WORDS DENOTING WEATHER IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE FROM CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE (NGHIÊN CƢ́U VỀ THÀNH NGƢ̃ CÓ CHƢ́A CÁC TƢ̀ CHỈ THỜI TIẾT TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT NHÌN TƢ̀ GÓC ĐỘ VĂN HÓA) M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Hanoi, 2014 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES  VŨ THỊ SINH A STUDY ON IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS CONTAINING WORDS DENOTING WEATHER IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE FROM CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE (NGHIÊN CƢ́U VỀ THÀNH NGƢ̃ CÓ CHƢ́A CÁC TƢ̀ CHỈ THỜI TIẾT TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT NHÌN TƢ̀ GÓC ĐỘ VĂN HÓA) M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr Vũ Ngọc Tú Hanoi, 2014 DECLARATION I certify that all the material in this study which is not my own work has been identified and acknowledged, and this thesis is the result of my own research and the the substance of the thesis has not, wholly or in part, been submitted for any degree to any other universities or institutions Author Vu Thi Sinh i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For the completion of this work, I have been fortunate to receive inestimable support from many people First of all, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc.Prof.Dr Vu Ngoc Tu for his indispensable assistance, valuable suggestions, expert advice and detailed critical comments I am also grateful to all my lecturers at the University of Languages and International Studies - Vietnam National University, Hanoi for their constant help and encouragement Finally, my thanks go to my family and friends who are always by my side to give the unconditional financial and spiritual support during the process of accomplishing the thesis ii ABSTRACT Learning a foreign language is not simply to interpret and communicate but brings learners more than they can see Each language has its own particular features and values among which idioms are mentionable Idiomatic expressions are undoubtedly encountered in almost every day conversations, newspapers, magazines, TVs or radios Recognizing the importance of idioms as well as satisfying her own ambition, the author tries to figure out the features of idioms, specifically the idioms containing words denoting weather, one of the respects familiar to everyone Moreover, it is believed that idioms are always associated with culture; hence, a cultural view on this type of idioms might be helpful and interesting In this thesis, the author focuses on the importance of cultural awareness in understanding idioms; thence shows the necessary of cultural knowledge in learning and teaching English in general and weather idioms in particular iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1: INTRODUCTION Rationale Aims of the study Objectives Scope of the study Methods of the study Design of the study PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER ONE: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 Culture and the relationship between language and culture 1.1.1 Culture and some characteristics of culture 1.1.2 Relationship between language and culture 1.2 Idioms 10 1.2.1 Definition 10 1.2.2 Types of idioms 11 1.2.3 Main features of idioms in English and Vietnamese 13 1.2.4 Idioms versus proverbs and slang 16 1.2.5 Culture in idiom 19 1.3 Weather definition 20 CHAPTER TWO: ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE IDIOMS CONTAINING WORDS DENOTING WEATHER 2.1 Syntactic features of EIWW and VIWW 22 2.2 Semantic features of EIWW and VIWW 26 CHAPTER THREE: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Some characteristics of Vietnamese and English people, culture and weather conditions 33 3.2 Comparison of syntactic features between EIWW and VIWW from the cultural perspectives 35 iv 3.3 Comparison of semantic features between EIWW and VIWW from the cultural perspectives 37 PART 3: CONCLUSION Review of the study 43 Implications 44 Suggestions for further studies 45 REFERENCES 46 APPENDIX I v PART 1: INTRODUCTION Rationale Nowadays, English is obviously considered as the international language that is a tool for global connection and development Idioms, a special part of languages in general and English in particular, seem to be the familiar element which occurs not only in daily conversations but also in literature works People are likely familiar with idioms which are used to express ideas in an attractive and figurative way Therefore, understanding the meaning of idiomatic expressions is essential and useful for English users However, understanding an idiom by understanding its components is not enough because the meanings of idioms are unpredictable, which derive from unusual forms, stylistic devices and knowledge on culture Although idioms are not easy to comprehend, it is necessary for learners not to disregard idioms in studying languages because idioms are an unseparated element of languages and so common in daily use As a second language teacher, this urges me to conduct the thesis entitled “A study on idiomatic expressions containing words denoting weather in English and Vietnamese from cultural perspective” to find out the similarities and differences between English idioms containing the words denoting weather (EIWW) and Vietnamese idioms containing the words denoting weather (VIWW) mainly from the cultural view Moreover, despite being considered as the most important second language in Vietnam, English brings various challenges for learners One of the reasons for this problem is the dissimilarities in the way of living and thinking or the differences of culture The result of the study, to some extent, is hoped to help Vietnamese learners of English use EIWW and VIWW effectively in communication so that their speech is more adequate, natural, interesting and imaginative Aims of the study The thesis is conducted in attempt to: - Explore the English and Vietnamese idioms containing words denoting weather, with the main focus on the cultural point of view - Point out the similarities and differences between these two languages in this particular aspect - Motivate students to obtain the insight of Vietnamese and English idioms containing words denoting weather Objectives The objectives of the study are: - Investigate Vietnamese and English idioms consisting weather words - Clarify the cultural intension inside the idioms - Suggest some ideas for teaching idioms The study will try to answer the questions bellows: - What are similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese idioms containing words denoting weather from the cultural perspective? - What cultural aspects influence the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese idioms containing words denoting weather? Scope of the study This study focuses on English and Vietnamese idioms containing words denoting weather from the cultural perspective These idioms are listed in the appendix Because of some limitation of time, not all idioms are covered Methods of the study In this study, both qualitative and quantitative methods are used It is carried out by carefully collecting materials from numerous sources in both English and Vietnamese including books, websites, newspapers and from observation in daily life Then, the data are analyzed and synthesized to find out the similarities and differences in English and Vietnamese idioms containing words denoting weather Design of the study The thesis is divided into three main parts: - The first part is the Introduction, which includes rationale, aim, scope, methods and design of the study - Part is the Development, which comprises three chapters Chapter one, as implied by the title “Theoretical background”, reviews the literature related to language, culture and idioms in general Chapter two is concerned with “English and Vietnamese idioms containing words denoting weather” in which syntactic and semantic features of English and Vietnamese idioms containing words denoting weather are investigated The last chapter in this part deals with “Findings and discussion” with the analysis of similarities and differences between EIWW and VIWW from the cultural view - Part is the Conclusion and Implications for teaching and learning as well as some suggestions for further study The thesis is concluded by the appendix and references 22 Chạy đằng trời/chạy lên trời 23 Chết đứng nhƣ bị trời trồng 24 There are no ways of escape Being suddenly impacted; Being too shocked Chim trời cá bể: mai Not in a stable place; Fell free and not be đó, khó tìm gặp, tự tied by anything 25 Chọc trời khuấy (quấy) nƣớc Do something recklessly 26 Chƣ̉i bóng chƣ̉i gió 27 Chuyển đất long trời A serious event that cause many changes 28 Có trăng quên/phụ đèn Ungrateful action 29 Coi trời vung Do something recklessly 30 Cơm giời nƣớc sông Something is available Của thiên trả địa: khơng 31 làm ra, khơng tiếc, đâu lại hoàn Say crude things to somebody without direct focus Something one has but soon loses because it does not belong to him/her 32 Cùng trời cuối đất Remote place 33 Da mồi tóc sƣơng In old age 34 Đã mƣa mƣa cho khắp Should create equality 35 Dãi gió dầm mƣa Experience hardship/difficulties 36 Dãi nắng dầm sƣơng Experience hardship/difficulties 37 Dầm mƣa dãi nắng Experience hardship/difficulties 38 Dầm mƣa giãi gió Experience hardship/difficulties 39 Đắm nguyệt say hoa/say hoa đắm nguyệt 40 Dầm sƣơng dãi nắng 41 Dạn gió dày sƣơng 42 Dâng lên nhƣ vũ bão/dấy lên nhƣ vũ bão To be deep in the beauty Experience hardship/difficulties Someone has experienced various challenges Happen in really high speed XIII 43 Đánh trống qua cửa nhà sấm 44 Đất nổi sóng 45 Đau đẻ còn chờ trăng sáng 46 Đầu đội trời, chân đạp đất/ đội trời đạp đất Express the awkward/unskillful ability in front of the cleverer person Unusual thing happens (negative meaning0 It‟s time to something without caring to other factors Proud action or behavior 47 Đầu sóng gió Dangerous place 48 Đèo heo hút gió Remote place, often the mountains 49 Đi mây về gió Appear and disappear suddenly 50 Gần đất xa trời In an urgent health situation/Nearly die 51 Ghen bóng ghen gió Be pointlessly jealous in love 52 Gió chiều che chiều 53 Gió dập sóng vùi In dangerous situation 54 Gió quét mƣa sa In dangerous situation 55 Gió táp mƣa sa In dangerous situation 56 Gió thảm mƣa sầu The sadness 57 Gió thởi chởi trời Advantages from nature or people 58 Gió trúc mƣa mai Poetic view 59 Gối đất nằm sƣơng Experience hardship/difficulties 60 Gội gió tắm mƣa Experience hardship/difficulties 61 62 Góp gió thành bão: góp nhỏ thành to Hai sƣơng nắng/một nắng hai sƣơng To deal with problems wisely in every kind of situations To gather from small things to the larger Experience hardship/difficulties 63 Hồn vía lên mây Be very frightened 64 Kêu khơng thấu trời Being a victim of glaring injustice XIV 65 66 Kêu nhƣ trời đánh Kêu trời trách đất/than trời trách đất To complain excessively To complain of the inequality 67 Khơ nhƣ ngói As dry as a bone/very dry 68 Khóc nhƣ mƣa (nhƣ gió): To cry seriously 69 Làm mƣa làm gió 70 Lạnh xƣơng sống Be frightened 71 Lên nhƣ diều gặp/đƣợc gió Meet good opportunities 72 Lời nói gió bay The spoken words are soon forgotten 73 Long trời lở đất A serious event that cause many changes 74 Màn sƣơng chiếu đất Experience hardship/difficulties 75 Màn trời chiếu đất 76 Mạnh nhƣ vũ bão Become strong or powerful 77 Mây bay gió cuố n Wandering Do something recklessly and without caring other people Be homeless; Experience hardship/difficulties If people with close relationship not 78 Môi hở la ̣nh help and depend on each other, they will be harmed by others 79 Mô ̣t tấ c đế n giời (trời) Blabbing excessively 80 Một trời vực Large difference 81 Mƣa baõ chế t cò Being badly affected by disadvantages 82 Mƣa bom bão đạn Various difficulties come in the same time 83 Mƣa gào gió rớ ng Challenging condition Mƣa hòa gió thuận/mƣa 84 thuận gió hòa: thời tiết thuận Advantageous case lợi 85 Mƣa lâu thấ m đấ t Do something many times will bring results XV 86 Mƣa nhƣ trút (nƣớc) Rain heavily 87 Mƣa Sở mây Tầ n Rain heavily 88 Mƣa thuận gió Good weather condition 89 Mƣa to gió lớn Many difficulties 90 Mƣợn gió bẻ măng Make profit by using other‟s troubles 91 Nắng dãi mƣa dầu Challenging situation 92 Nắ ng giƣ̃ mƣa gìn Highly appreciate virginity and morality 93 Nắ ng lƣ̉a mƣa dầ u Baking sun 94 Nắng nhƣ đổ lửa Baking sun 95 Nắng nhƣ thiêu (nhƣ) (đốt) Baking sun 96 Ngả theo chiều gió Adapt the current situation cleaverly 97 Ngáy nhƣ sấm Loudly snore 98 Nhanh nhƣ chớp Very quick 99 Nhanh nhƣ gió Very quick 100 Nhƣ (nắng) hạn gặp mƣa rào 101 Nhƣ buồm/diều gặp gió: 102 To meet with good fortune/ To find a golden opportunity To meet with good fortune/ To find a golden opportunity Nhƣ cá gặp nƣớc nhƣ rồng To meet with good fortune/ To find a gă ̣p mây golden opportunity To meet with good fortune/ To find a 103 Nhƣ diề u gă ̣p gió 104 Nhƣ giời nhƣ biển Something great and important Nhƣ hạn mong (chờ) mƣa: To meet with good fortune/ To find a mong đợi da diết golden opportunity 105 106 Nhƣ mặt trăng mặt trời 107 Nhƣ mă ̣t trăng với mă ̣t trời golden opportunity In a distance and disagreement with someone In a distance and disagreement with someone XVI 108 Nhƣ ngo ̣n đèn trƣớc gió 109 Nhƣ rồng gặp mây 110 Nhƣ sét đánh Be really shocked 111 Nhƣ trời giáng Be really shocked; be hurt 112 Nhƣ vịt nghe sấm Cannot understand 113 Nhƣ vũ bão In a strong way 114 115 116 117 Nói bóng nói gió: nói quanh co, khơng vào thẳng sự việc Nói đất nói trời/nói trời nói đất Nóng chảy mỡ Nóng gan nóng phởi: sốt ruột, bồn chồn Very weak; nearly die To meet with good fortune/ To find a golden opportunity Speak tortuously or indirectly Speak unimportant things Really hot Feel anxious Nóng nhƣ đốt/hầm/hòn 118 than/hun/luộc/lửa Extremely hot (đốt)/rang/thiêu 119 Nƣớc mắt nhƣ mƣa 120 Quá mù mƣa 121 Rồng gặp mây 122 Rồng mây gặp hội 123 Ruột nóng nhƣ lửa đốt/ ruột nóng nhƣ cào Feeling so sorrowful Something exceeds its limitation and transfers into higher state or quality To meet with good fortune/To find a golden opportunity To meet with good fortune/To find a golden opportunity Feeling anxious and nervous 124 Sắc nƣớc hƣơng trời Very beautiful 125 Say hoa đắm nguyệt To be deep in the beauty 126 Sợ bóng sợ gió To fear fabulously XVII 127 Sóng to gió lớn (cả) Difficult situation 128 Sóng yên bể lặng Peaceful situation 129 Tai bay vạ gió Accident misfortune 130 Tai trời ách đất 131 Tan nhƣ/theo mây khói To lose entirely without any trace 132 Tát nƣớc theo mƣa To imitate others to get profit 133 Thanh phong minh nguyê ̣t Nice weather at night 134 Thuận buồm xi gió 135 Tin sét đánh Shocked news Trái gió trở trời/trái nắng trở Weather change that causes some effects trời on health 137 Tràn cung mây Without any limitation 138 Trắ ng nhƣ tuyế t Really white 139 Trời có mắt Equality will inevitably come 140 Trời đánh không chết Perverse action or behavior 141 Trời khơng có mắt Inequality often happens 136 142 Trời không dung đất không tha Unexpected misfortune, from both nature and other people To meet with good fortune/To find a golden opportunity Severe crimes that cannot be forgiven Significant changes that cause great 143 Trời rung đất chuyển 144 Trời xui đất khiến Accidently happening event 145 Ủ rũ nhƣ gà phải trời mƣa Feeling sad 146 Ƣớt nhƣ chuột (lô ̣t) Get completely wet 147 Vá trời lấp biển Great and proud activity 148 Van/lạy nhƣ tế To urgently pray for something 149 Vắng trăng có influence The absence of someone or something is not so important because there are still XVIII others that can replace 150 Vật đổi dời Great changes 151 Voi uố ng thuố c gió Imaginary happening 152 Xem/trơng gió bỏ buồm 153 Xoay trời chủn đất Make great changes 154 Xuôi chèo mát mái Everything is going smoothly Select the advantageous opportunities to something APPENDIX 2: SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF IWW Noun phrase structure No English Vietnamese 13 A breath of fresh air Bão táp mƣa sa 14 A face like thunder Bão táp phong ba/phong ba bão táp 15 A fair-weather friend Bụng đói cật rét 16 A lightning rod Chân mây cuối trời 17 A pie in the sky Chân trời góc bể 18 A place in the sun Chim trời cá bể 19 A rain check Cơm giời nƣớc sông 20 A rainy day fund Của thiên trả địa 21 A snowball's chance Da mồi tóc sƣơng 22 A storm in a teacup Đầu sóng gió 23 A stormy petrel Đèo heo hút gió 24 A stormy relationship Gió chiều che chiều 25 A straw in the wind Gió dập sóng vùi 26 A wet blanket Gió quét mƣa sa 27 Any port in a storm Gió táp mƣa sa 28 Billy Wind Gió thảm mƣa sầu 29 Blood and thunder Gió trúc mƣa mai 30 Blue skies Hai sƣơng nắng/một nắng hai sƣơng 31 Bolt from the blue Hồ n viá lên mây XIX 32 Brass-monkey weather Lời nói gió bay 33 Castles in the air Màn sƣơng chiếu đất 34 Cloud on the horizon Màn trời chiếu đất 35 Eye of the hurricane Mây bay gió ć n 36 Eye of the storm Môi hở la ̣nh 37 Home and dry Mô ̣t tấ c đế n trời (giời) 38 Seven sheets to the wind Một trời vực 39 Sound in wind and limb Mƣa baõ chế t cò 40 Tempest in a teapot Mƣa bom bão đạn 41 The calm before the storm Mƣa gào gió rố ng 42 The crock of gold at the end of Mƣa hòa gió thuận/mƣa thuận gió hòa the rainbow 43 The lull before the storm Mƣa lâu thấ m đấ t 44 The man in the moon Mƣa nhƣ trút (nƣớc) 45 Three sheets to the wind Mƣa Sở mây Tầ n 46 Mƣa thuận gió 47 Mƣa to gió lớn 48 Nắng dãi mƣa dầu 49 Nắ ng giƣ̃ mƣa gin ̀ 50 Nắ ng lƣ̉a mƣa dầ u 51 Nƣớc mắ t nhƣ mƣa 52 Ruô ̣t nóng nhƣ lƣ̉a đố t /ruô ̣t nóng nhƣ cào 53 Sắc nƣớc hƣơng trời 54 Sóng to gió lớn (cả) 55 Sóng yên bể lặng 56 Tai bay vạ gió 57 Tai trời ách đất 58 Tin sét đánh XX 59 Trời rung đấ t chuyể n 60 Trời xui đấ t khiế n 61 Vâ ̣t đổ i dời Verb phrase structure No English Vietnamese 13 Bleed dry Ăn đất nằm sƣơng 14 Blow hot and cold Ăn đói mặc rét 15 Bring a storm about one‟s/someone‟s ears ăn gió nằm mƣa 16 Cast a cloud over Ăn gió nằm sƣơng 17 Chase (after) rainbows Ăn nhƣ gấu ăn (mặt) trăng 18 Chill/freeze someone‟s blood Ăn sóng nói gió 19 Chill/frozen somebody to the marrow Ăn tuyết nằm sƣơng 20 Clear the air Ăn vụng nhƣ chớp 21 come in from (out of) the cold Bán mặt cho đất, bán lƣng cho trời 22 Come rain or (come) shine/rain or shine Bắn nhƣ mƣa 23 Dance up a storm Bán trời không văn tƣ̣ 24 Do a moonlight Bắ t gió chu ̣p bóng 25 Feel the draught/wind Bẻ nạng chống trời 26 Find which way the wind blew Chạy đằng trời/chạy lên trời 27 Float/walk on air Chết đứng nhƣ bị trời trồng 28 Get cold feet Chọc trời khuấy (quấy) nƣớc 29 Get one‟s second wind Chửi bóng chửi gió 30 Get the wind up sb Chuyển đất long trời 31 Get wind of sth Có trăng quên/phụ đèn 32 Give the cold shoulder Coi trời vung 33 Go cold all over Đã mƣa mƣa cho khắp 34 Go down a storm Dãi gió dầm mƣa XXI 35 Go up in the air Dãi nắng dầm sƣơng 36 Hang in the wind Dầm mƣa giãi gió 37 Have your head in the clouds Dầ m mƣa giaĩ nắ ng 38 Keep a cool head Dầm sƣơng dãi nắng 39 Keep one‟s powder dry Dâng lên nhƣ vũ bão/dấy lên nhƣ vũ bão 40 Keep one‟s weather eye open Đánh trống qua cửa nhà sấm 41 Know which way the wind blows Đau đẻ còn chờ trăng sáng 42 Look like thunder Đắm nguyệt say hoa/say hoa đắm nguyệt 43 Loose one‟s cool Đi mây về gió 44 Make hay while the sun shines Ghen bóng ghen gió 45 Make heavy weather of/out of Gối đất nằm sƣơng 46 Make someone‟s blood run cold Gội gió tắm mƣa 47 Not dry behind the ears Góp gió thành bão 48 Not have enough Kêu không thấu trời sense/intelligence/imagination to come in from (out of) the rain 49 Not have the foggiest idea Kêu nhƣ trời đánh 50 Not know enough to come in out of the rain Kêu trời trách đất/than trời trách đất 51 Open the flood/sluice gates Khóc nhƣ mƣa (nhƣ gió) 52 Pour/throw cold water over/on Làm mƣa làm gió 53 Put the chill on Lên nhƣ diều gặp/đƣợc gió 54 Put the freeze on Long trời lở đất 55 Put the wind up sb Mƣơ ̣n gió bẻ măng 56 Rain cats and dogs Ngả theo chiều gió 57 Rain on your parade Ngáy nhƣ sấm XXII 58 Raise the wind Nói bóng nói gió 59 Rend the air Nói đất nói trời/nói trời nói đất 60 Ride out the storm Say hoa đắ m nguyê ̣t 61 Ride out the whirlwind Sơ ̣ bóng sơ ̣ gió 62 Rise and shine Tan nhƣ mây khói 63 Sail close to the wind Tát nƣớc theo mƣa 64 Save (st) for rainy day Trái gió/nắ ng trở trời 65 Shoot the breeze Tràn cung mây 66 Sow the wind and reap the whirlwind Vá trời lấp biển 67 Steal someone‟s thunder Van/lạy nhƣ tế 68 Sunshine one minute, rain the next Xem/trơng gió bỏ buồm 69 Take a shine off/out of Xoay trời chuyển đất 70 Take a shine to 71 Take sb/st by storm 72 Take the heat out of 73 Take the wind out of sb‟s sail 74 Talk up a storm 75 Throw caution to the winds 76 Trim one‟s sails before the wind 77 Twist in the wind 78 Vanish/disappear/melt into thin air 79 Walk/tread on air 80 Weather the storm 81 Wet on whistle 82 Wet the baby‟s head Adjective phrase structure No 13 English Vietnamese As black as thunder Cùng trời cuối đất XXIII 14 As cold as charity Dạn gió dày sƣơng 15 As cold as marble Gần đất xa trời 16 As cool as a cucumber Khô nhƣ ngói 17 As dry as a bone Lạnh xƣơng sớ ng 18 As dry as a dust Mạnh nhƣ vũ bão 19 As free as air Nắ ng nhƣ đổ lƣ̉a 20 As quick as lightning Nắ ng nhƣ thiêu nhƣ đố t 21 As right as rain Nhanh nhƣ chớp 22 Bright and breezy Nhanh nhƣ gió 23 Cold enough to freeze the balls off Nhƣ (nắng) hạn gặp mƣa rào a brass monkey 24 Cool, calm and collected Nhƣ buồm/diều gặp gió 25 Free as the wind Nhƣ cá gă ̣p nƣớc nhƣ rồ ng gă ̣p mây 26 Full of hot air (a) Nhƣ diề u gă ̣p gió 27 High and dry Nhƣ giời nhƣ biển 28 Like greased (or a streak of) Nhƣ hạn mong (chờ) mƣa lightning 29 Like the wind Nhƣ mặt trăng mặt trời 30 Snowed under Nhƣ mă ̣t trăng với mă ̣t trời 31 White/pure as driven snow Nhƣ ngo ̣n đèn trƣớc gió 32 Nhƣ rồng gặp mây 33 Nhƣ sét đánh 34 Nhƣ trời giáng 35 Nhƣ vịt nghe sấm 36 Nhƣ vũ bão 37 Nóng chảy mỡ 38 Nóng gan nóng phởi: sốt ruột, bồn chồn XXIV 39 Nóng nhƣ đốt/hầm/hòn than/hun/luộc/lửa (đốt)/rang/thiêu 40 Quá mù mƣa 41 Thanh phong minh nguyê ̣t 42 Thuận buồm xi gió 43 Trắ ng nhƣ tú t 44 Ủ rũ nhƣ gà phải trời mƣa 45 Ƣớt nhƣ chuột (lô ̣t) 46 Vắ ng trăng có 47 Xuôi chèo mát mái Prepositional phrase structure No English Vietnamese 11 Before the flood VIWW have no contribution to 12 Before the wind prepositional phrase structure 13 By thunder 14 Down in the doldrums 15 In a breeze 16 In a cold sweat 17 In a fog 18 In cold blood 19 In full flood 20 In the air 21 In the heat of the moment 22 In the teeth of the wind 23 In the wind 24 On cloud nine 25 Once in a blue moon 26 Out in the cold 27 Out of a clear blue sky XXV 28 Over the moon 29 Over the rainbow 30 Under a cloud 31 Under the sun 32 Under the weather 33 Up in the air 34 With one‟s nose in the air Sentence structure No English Vietnamese A cloud hangs over sb/sth Cá gặp nƣớc rồng gặp mây A red sky at night is the shepherd‟s Cây muốn lặng mà gió chẳng delight đừng A red sky in the morning is the Chân không đến đất, cật không shepherd‟s warning đến giời Every cloud has a silver lining Đất nổi sóng God tempers the wind to the shorn Đầu đội trời, chân đạp đất lamb Into each life some rain must fall Gió thởi chởi trời It never rains but it pours Rồ ng gă ̣p mây It‟s an ill wind that blows nobody Rồ ng mây gă ̣p hô ̣i 10 (any) good Jack Frost visit something Trời có mắt Lightning doesn‟t strike in the same Trời đánh không chế t place twice 11 The sky is the limit Trời không có mắ t 12 When it rains, it pours Trời không dung đất không tha 13 You could cut the air with a knife Voi uố ng th́ c gió 14 You could cut atmosphere with a knife XXVI XXVII ... VIETNAMESE FROM CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE (NGHIÊN CƢ́U VỀ THÀNH NGƢ̃ CÓ CHƢ́A CÁC TƢ̀ CHỈ THỜI TIẾT TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT NHÌN TƢ̀ GÓC ĐỘ VĂN HÓA) M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English... morality, justice or criticism” (p.39) Some Vietnamese proverbs are “Mật chết ruồi”, “Con có cha nhƣ nhà có nóc”, “Phép vua thua lệ làng”, etc The barrier between idioms and proverbs is sometimes... draught/wind Có trăng quên/phụ đèn Find which way the wind blew Dãi gió dầm mƣa 10 Get one‟s second wind Đã mƣa mƣa cho khắp 11 Give the cold shoulder Đi mây về gió 12 Go down a storm Góp gió thành