(2) Thì Present Continuous coøn ñöôïc duøng ñeå chæ haønh ñoäng ôû moät töông lai gaàn (a near future action) vaø thöôøng ñi vôùi caùc traïng töø chæ töông lai nhö : tomorrow, next [r]
(1)PERIOD 10 + 11 Preparing date: Teaching Date: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
(RELATIVE CLAUSES)
Mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề bắt đầu đại từ quan hệ (relative pronouns) : who, whom, which, whose, that.
- The man who met me at the airport gave me the money
Trong câu trên, mệnh đề “who met me at the airport” mệnh đề quan hệ “who” đại từ quan hệ dùng để thay tiền vị từ (antecedent) “the man” mệnh đề lại “The man gave me the money” mệnh đề
1/ ví dụ :
- The man gave me the money He met me at the airport
The man who met me at the airport gave me the money - This is the man We saw him at the party yesreday
This is the man whom we saw at the party yesterday - The pencil belongs to me It is in your pocket
The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me - The car is very expensive He bought it
The car which he bought is very expensive
- There is the man His wallet was stolen
There is the man whose wallet was stolen
- The tree should be cut down The branches of the tree are dead
The tree whose branches are dead should be cut down 2/ Cách dùng đại từ quan hệ:
Chủ từ (subject) Túc từ (object) Sở hữu (possessive) For people
(Chỉ người) Who / that whom / who / that whose
For things, animals
(chỉ vật, thú vật) Which / that which / that whose Thơng thường ta dùng that để thay cho who, whom which
- The man that met me at the airport gave me the money - This is the man that we saw at the party yesterday - The pencil that is in your pocket belongs to me - The car that he bought is very expensive
3/ Phân loại : Ta cần phân biệt mệnh đề quan hệ làm hai loại : mệnh đề xác định (defining relative clause) và mệnh đề không xác định (non-defining relative clause) :
(*) Defining clause:(hoặc Restrictive clause)
- The man who met me at the airport gave me the money
Ta gọi mệnh đề who met me at the airport mệnh đề quan hệ xác định cần thiết để định nghĩa giải thích cho tiền vị từ the man Nếu khơng có nó, từ the man mơ hồ ta người đàn ơng
- The book (which / that) you lent me is very interesting
- The man (whom / that) you met yesterday is coming to my house for dinner (*) Non-defining clause : (hoặc Non-restrictive clause)
- Shakespeare, who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”, died in 1616
(2)hệ không xác định thường ngăn cách dấu phẩy (trước sau mệnh đề) không dùng that để thay cho who, whom hay which
- My brother Jack, who came here last night, is an engineer
- That house, which was built a few months ago, doesn’t look modern - Vietnam, which lies in Southeast Asia, is rich in coal
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định dùng tiền vị từ tiếng xác định : thường danh từ riêng người hay địa danh (Mr Brown, Vietnam…), danh từ với tính từ định (this, that…) hay tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their…) ta tự qui định lấy
- A man, who said he knew my father, asked me for money 4/ where, when why mệnh đề quan hệ :
- That is the village in which I used to live
That is the village where I used to live
- Sunday is the day on which most people rest
Sunday is the day when most people rest
- There must be a reason for which you said that
There must be a reason why you said that In (on / at) which - (place) where On (in / at) which -(time ) when For which (reason) why
Where when dùng để giới thiệu mệnh đề xác định mệnh đề không xác định. - We visited the town where I was born.(defining)
- I bought them at the supermarket, where I met Mrs.Brown.(non-defining) - I saw the film last year, when I was in Paris.(non-defining)
- I think that was the time when I lost all my money.(defining)
Why thường dùng mệnh đề xác định thường theo sau a reason hay the reason. - That is the reason why I didn’t come to the party yesterday
Where, when why gọi trạng từ quan hệ (relative adverbs) EXERCISE I : Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences :
1/ Have you got the money _ I lent you yesterday ? 2/ Peter, _ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party 3/ This is the machine _ cost half a million pounds
4/ Mary, _ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry 5/ Have you read the book _ I gave you ?
6/ The house, _ they bought three months ago, looks lovely 7/ Mrs.Jackson, _ had been very ill, died yesterday
8/ Is this the person _ stole your handbag ?
9/ The dog, _ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking 10/ I didn’t receive the letters _ she sent me
11/ My mother, _ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised
12/ The old man, _ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the building 13/ The horse, _ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened
(3)EXERCISE II : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns : 1/ This is the man I met him in Paris
- 2/ I wanted the painting You bought it
- 3/ This is the chair My parents gave it to me
- 4/ She’s the woman She telephoned the police
- 5/ He’s the person He wanted to buy your house -
6/ We threw out the computer It never worked properly -
7/ This is the lion It’s been ill recently
- 8/ The man was badly injured He was driving the car -
9/ The children broke the window They live in the next street -
10/ That’s the woman I was telling you about her -
EXERCISE III : Combine these pairs of sentences using relative pronouns: 1/ There’s the lady Her dog was killed
- 2/ That’s the man He’s going to buy the company -
3/ He’s the person His car was stolen
-
4/ She’s the new doctor.The doctor’s coming to the hospital next week -
5/ She’s the journalist Her article was on the front page of The Times -
6/ They’re the people Their shop burned down last week -
7/ That’s the sales director He’s leaving in March -
8/ I’m the person You stayed in my flat
- 9/ That’s the boy He’s just got a place at university -
10/ I’m the one My flat was broken into
-
EXERCISE IV : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns : 1/ The man didn’t come back again I shouted at him
(4)- 3/ The machine was broken I hired it
- 4/ The clothes were beautiful She bought some clothes -
5/ The wall fell down after three weeks They built the wall -
6/ The policeman wasn’t very helpful I asked him -
7/ I didn’t really like the car We bought it
- 8/ I lost the money I borrowed it from John
- 9/ I really liked the new teacher They sent the new teacher -
10/ I sacked a sales assistant I had a terrible argument with him -
EXERCISE V : Write where, when, or why to complete these sentences. 1/ We visited the school _ my father taught
2/ I met her last month, _ she came to our house 3/ We all looked at the place _ the fire had started 4/ Did they tell you the reason _ they were late?
5/ The cat sat on the wall _ it had a good view of the birds 6/ They arrived in the evening, at a time _ we were all out 7/ I couldn’t understand the reason _ they were so rude 8/ I met him in the cafeù _ he was working as a waiter
9/ I listen to music late at night, _ the children have gone to bed 10/ I bought them in August, _ I was in France
EXERCISE VI : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns or adverbs. 1/ We need a room We can study in that room
- 2/ Swimming makes people strong It is a good sport -
3/ This is Mrs.Jones Her son won the championship last year -
4/ The Smiths were given rooms in the hotel Their house had been destroyed in the explosion -
5/ He invited her to eat out on a day It rained heavily on that day -
6/ The house was built in 1945 They are living in that house -
7/ The reason was that he didn’t want to make her worried He didn’t tell the truth for that reason -
8/ The day was sunny She arrived on that day
- 9/ I know the woman You bought the car from her son -
(5)Period: 12 Preparing date: Teaching date: SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE FUTURE
VÀ THÌ FUTURE CONTINUOUS
+ Thì Simple Future (Tương Lai Đơn) diễn tả hành động xảy (có khơng có thời gian xác định tương lai); cịn Future Continuous (Tương Lai Tiếp Diễn) diễn tả hành động liên tiến điểm thời gian xác định tương lai
- He will go to the stadium next Sunday - We will / shall have the final test Hãy so sánh :
- I will eat breakfast at o’clock tomorrow (Vào lúc sáng mai, bắt đầu dùng bữa điểm tâm.)
- I will be eating breakfast at o’clock tomorrow (Vào lúc sáng mai, dùng bữa điểm tâm.)
+ Trong mệnh đề trạng từ thời gian (adverb clause of time) hay mệnh đề điều kiện (adverb clause of condition), Simple Present dùng để thay cho Simple Future
- I shall not go until I see him
- If he comes tomorrow, he will it + Chú ý : WILL dùng cho tất ngôi.
Exercise VIII : Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present or the simple future tense. 1/ We (go) out when the rain (stop)
2/ I (stay) _ here until he (answer) me 3/ Wait until I (catch) you
4/ I (be) _ ready before you (count) _ ten 5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) out
6/ Miss Helen (help) _ you as soon as she (finish) _ that letter 7/ He (tell) _ you when you (get) there
8/ She (not come) until you (be) _ ready 9/ He (tell) you when you (ask) him
(6)Period: 13 +14 Preparing date: Teaching date: FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE, PRESENT CONTINUOS TENSE + EXERCISES
* Thì Simple Present dùng để hành động diễn thời gian nói chung, khơng thiết phải thời gian Thời gian nói chung thời gian mà việc diễn ngày (every day), tuần (every week), tháng (every month), năm (every year), mùa (every spring / summer / autumn / winter)…
- He goes to school every day - Mrs Brown travels every summer
* Thì Present Continuous dùng để hành động xảy (a current activity) hay việc làm (now/ at present/ at this moment), hôm (today), tuần (this week), năm (this year)…
- We are learning English now
- Mary is playing the piano at the moment Hãy so sánh : - I work in a bakery every day.
- I’m working in a bakery this week * CHÚ Ý :
(1) + Thì Simple Present thường dùng với động từ tri giác (verbs of perception) : feel, see, hear… động từ trạng thái : know, understand, mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe…
+ Ngồi cịn dùng Simple Present với động từ : be, appear, belong, have to…
+ Thì Simple Present cịn dùng với trạng từ tần suất lập đi lập lại (adverbs of frequency) : always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, generally, rarely, never…
- That child needs care - This book belongs to me - He never comes late
+ Chúng ta dùng Simple Present để chân lý hay thật hiển nhiên (a general truth) - The sun rises in the east
- Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom
(2) Thì Present Continuous cịn dùng để hành động tương lai gần (a near future action) và thường với trạng từ tương lai : tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, next summer… Exercise I : Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense.
1/ I (have) coffee for breakfast every day
2/ My brother (work) in a shoe store this summer 3/ The student (look) _ up that new word now 4/ She (go) to school every day
5/ We (do) this exercise at the moment 6/ Miss Helen (read) _ a newspaper now
(7)9/ He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish 10/ We seldom (eat) before 6.30
11/ She sometimes (buy) _ vegetables at his market 12/ Be quiet The baby (sleep)
13/ We always (do) _ our exercises carefully
14/ Look A man (run) _ after the train He (want) _ to catch it 15/ It (be) very cold now
16/ John (travel) to England tomorrow
17/ I (need) some money for my textbooks 18/ Tom (like) to go to the museums
19/ Mary (love) ice-cream
20/ My mother (cook) _ some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) in the mornings
21/ I often (leave) the city at weekends
22/ The guests (watch) the TV programmes now 23/ I (see) _ you (wear) _ your best clothes 24/ The sun (set) _ in the west
25/ My friend (study) English for an hour every night 26/ Listen I (hear) _ someone knocking at the front door
27/ I (do) an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) that I (know) how to use it now
28/ Honesty (be) the best policy 29/ The earth (goes) round the sun 30/ Two and two (make) four
Period: 15 Preparing date:
Teaching date: PAST CONTINUOS + EXERCISES
+ Thì Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) dùng để hành động kéo dài khứ tương ứng với hành động khác khứ
- I met him while he was crossing the street - She was going home when she saw an accident
+ Thì Past Continuous cịn diễn tả hành động kéo dài điểm thời gian xác định khứ hai hành động liên tiếp song song với
- My father was watching TV at o’clock last night
- I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV
(8)2/ When I (go) out, the sun (shine) 3/ The light (go) out while I (have) tea 4/ When it (rain) , she(carry) an umbrella
5/ We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain
6/ He (teach) English for months when he (live) in Germany and (work) as a journalist
7/ The house (burn) fast, so we (break) the window to get out 8/ He (eat) three sandwiches while you (talk) to him
9/ The servant (drop) two cups while she (wash up) last night; neither of them (break)
10/ While I (write) a letter, the telephone (ring) ; as he (go) to answer it, he (hear) a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) while he (walk) to the door, but just as he (open) it, it (stop)
Period: 16 Preparing date:
Teaching date: PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
+ Thì Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hồn Thành) dùng để kết tình trạng (the result of the present state), việc xảy khứ không rõ thời điểm, lập lập lại nhiều lần kéo dài đến
+ Thì Present Perfect Continuous (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) dùng để tiếp diễn hành động (the continuity of an action)
- I have been waiting for two hours, but she has not come yet - He has been living here since 1975
- We have been working in the garden all morning
+ Thì Present Perfect Continuous cịn dùng với động từ : lie, wait, sit, stand, study, learn, live, rest, stay…
- They have been learning English since 1995
- The chair has been lying in the store window for ages
Exercise III : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense. 1/ I (try) to learn French for years, but I (not succeed) yet
2/ She (read) _ all the works of Dickens.How many (you read) _ ?
3/ I (wait) here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; you think she (forget) to come ?
4/ Mary (rest) in the garden all day because she (be) ill
(9)7/ We (live) here for the last six months, and (just, decide) to move 8/ That book ( lie) on the table for weeks You (not read) _ it yet ?
9/ He (not be) _ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (live) since then
10/ He (lose) _ his books He (look) for them all afternoon, but they (not turn up) _ yet
11/ She (work) _ so hard this week that she (not have) _ time to go to the cinema 12/ Your hair is wet (You swim) for a long time ?
13/ Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive) cars for six years 14/ You look very tired (You work) very hard ?
15/ The phone (ring) for minutes, but I (not answer) it yet Exercise IV : Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses.
1/ I (be) sorry I (forget) that fellow’s name already 2/ Jack (look) forward to his vacation next June
3/ I (have) no trouble with my english lessons up to now 4/ Mr and Mrs Brown (be) _ in New York for months 5/ Michael (work) 38 hours a week
6/ At present, that author (write) _ a novel 7/ George (do) good work in this class so far 8/ The weather( generally, get) hot in July
9/ You must wake her up She (sleep) soundly for 10 hours
10/ Listen! I (think) someone (knock) at the front door 11/ How long (you learn) English?
12/ That student (know) all the new words very well now 13/ Alice (lose) her Vienamese-English dictionary 14/ Fred (just, graduate) from Oxford University 15/ The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days
16/ That grandfather clock (stand) there for as long as I can remember 17/ That brown briefcase (belong) to Dr.Rice
18/ Jim (work) on his report this year 19/ Robert (wait) for you since noon
20/ That museum (stand) _ here for ceturies 21/ The sun (get) very hot during the afternoon 22/ Tom (buy) _ a new car next week
23/ The boys and girls (go) _ home after this lesson 24/ Davis (play) football every afternoon