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MM/ A W T R U I N G DAI H O C AN GIANG KHOA NONG NGHIEP & TAI N G U Y E N T H I E N NHIEN BO MON C O N G NGHE THlTC PHAM HA VAN MIEN NGHIEN ClfU C H E BIEN L A P X l / d N G BO XONG KHOI BAO C A O K H O A L U A N T O T NGHIEP DAI H O C [TRUONG DAI HQCl AN GIANG THl/VIgN Nganh hoc: Cong Nghe T h y c Pham C a n bo hirdng dan: T h S T r a n Xuan Hien K H O A H O C : 2009 - 2013 An Giang, Thang 2013 T R U I N G D A I H O C AN G I A N G KHOA NONG NGHIEP & TAI N G U Y E N T H I E N NHIEN BO MON C O N G N G H E THlTC PHAM N G H I E N CUtJ C H E B I E N L A P XlTCflMG BO X O N G K H O I Do sinh vien: H A V A N M I E N thirc hien va de nap Kfnh trinh hoi dong cham khoa luan tot nghiep xet duyet Long Xuyen, 22 thdng nam CAN BO HlTdNG DAN ThS T r a n Xuan Hien 2013 Lcri cam ta D l thuc hien va hoan dugc de tai khoa luan tot nghiep nay, toi xin dugc gui lai cam on chan va sau sac den: Thac sy T r l n Xuan H i l n , Trudng Bo mon Cong Nghe Thuc Pham dong thoi cung la giao vien hudng dan da tan tinh truyen dat va chi day toi suot qua trinh hgc tap nam qua cung nhu hudng dan toi thuc hien khoa luan tot nghiep dai hgc Quy T h l y Co Bg mon Cong Nghe Thuc P h l m , Trudng Dai hgc A n Giang da nhiet tinh giang day va truyen dat suot qua trinh hgc tap ciia toi vira qua Co N g u y l n Thj Nggc Giang (can bo phong thi nghiem) ciing cac can bo nhan vien phong thi nghiem trudng Dai hgc A n Giang da tao mgi dieu kien thuan l g i va quan tarn giiip toi suot qua trinh thuc tap de thuc hien va hoan de tai Cac ban sinh vien lop DH10TP da ho trg va co nhieu dong gop bo ich giup toi thuc hien tot de tai tot nghiep Xin trail cam on ! Long xuyen 22 thdng nam 2013 Sinh vien thuc hien Ha Van Mien Muc luc T r a n Noi dung L a i cam ta Muc luc 11 Danh sach bang 1V Danh sach hinh v V1 Tom luge Chiromg Gioi thieu LLDStvlndl 1.2 Muc tieu nghien cuu 1.3 N o i dung nghien cuu Chirong 2 Liroc khao tai lieu 2.1 Tong quan ve nguyen lieu thit gia sue 2.1.1 C l u tao va p h l n hoa hgc cua thit gia sue 2.1.2 Thanh p h l n hoa hoc va dinh dudng cua thit bo va md heo 2.2 Xong khoi 2.2.1 Muc dfch cua xong khoi 2.2.2 Co so khoa hgc cua qua trinh xong khoi 2.3 Cac chit phu gia su dung nghien cuu 10 2.3.1 Mudi an 10 2.3.2 Duong 2.3.3 Mudi nitrat, nitrit 2.4 Rudt nhan tao 2.5 Bao bi PA 2.6 Cac cong doan anh hudng den qua trinh che bien 2.6.1 Lira chgn nguyen lieu thit va md 2.6.2 X u ly nguyen lieu 2.6.3 Xay thit 2.6.4 Budc (thit) 2.6.5 S l y sobd 2.6.6 Qua trinh xong khoi 2.7 Cac nghien cuu trudc day Chirong Phirong tien va phirong phap nghien cihi 3.1 Phuong tien nghien cuu g 3.1.1 D i a d i l m 16 3.1.2 Thai gian thuc hien 16 3.1.3 Nguyen lieu va hoa chat 16 3.2 Phuong phap nghien cuu 16 3.2.1 Phuong phap thi nghiem 16 3.2.2 Phuong phap danh gia cam quan 16 3.2.3 Quy trinh san xuat lap xudng bo xong khoi du kien 17 3.2.4 Thuyet minh quy trinh 18 3.3 N o i dung bd t r i thi nghiem 19 3.3.1 Phan rich p h l n nguyen lieu thit bo va md heo 19 3.3.2 T h i nghiem 1: Khao sat anh hudng ciia ti le phoi tron giua nac va md den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 19 3.3.3 T h i nghiem 2: Khao sat anh hudng ciia loai gd den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 20 3.3.4 T h i nghiem 3: Khao sat anh hudng ciia che xong khoi den chat luong san pham 21 3.3.5 T h i nghiem 4: Khao sat anh hudng ciia loai bao goi va chan khong den kha nang bao quan ciia san pham Chirong Ket qua va thao luan 4.1 Phan rich phan nguyen lieu 22 24 24 4.2 A n h hudng ciia t i le phoi tron giua thit vai va md heo den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 4.3 Anh hudng ciia loai go xong khoi den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 25 27 4.4 A n h hudng ciia che xong khoi (nhiet va thoi gian) den chat luong ciia san pham 28 4.5 A n h hudng ciia nhiet bao quan den kha nang bao quan ciia san pham duoc dong goi chan khong hoan toan bao b i PA 34 4.6 Thanh p h l n dinh dudng ciia san pham lap xudng bo xong khoi 37 Chiroug 38 Ket luan va khuyen nghi 5.1 K i t luan 38 4.1 K h u y l n nghj 39 T a i lieu tham khao 40 Phu chirong pel Phu chuong A pel Phu chuong B pc2 Phu chuong C pc6 Danh sach bang Noi dung Trang Bang 1: Thanh phan hoa hoc cua mo co thit gia sue Bang 2: Thanh p h l n hoa hoc cua mo mo thit gia sue Bang 3: Thanh phan hoa hoc cua thit bo Bang 4: Ham luong acid amin khong thay the thit bo Bang 5: Ham luong vitamin thit bo Bang 6: Ham luong cac acid beo chu yeu mo heo Bang 7: A n h hudng ciia loai gd den su thay doi phan ciia khoi Bang 8: Bang phan rich phan nguyen lieu thit bd va mo heo 16 Bang 9: Bang cac phuong phap danh gia cam quan 16 Bang 10: Thanh phan co ban ciia nguyen lieu thit vai bd 24 Bang 11: Thanh phan co ban ciia mo heo 24 Bang 12: Ket qua danh gia cam quan sir khac biet giua cac ti le phoi tron 25 Bang 13: Ket qua danh gia cam quan suu khac biet giua cac loai gd xong khoi 27 Bang 14: Ket qua danh gia cam quan san pham theo nhiet 29 Bang 15: Ket qua danh gia cam quan san pham thoi gian 29 Bang 16: K i t qua danh gia cam quan san pham theo nhiet va thai gian xong khoi khac 30 Bang 17: K i t qua chi tieu hoa ly theo nhiet 31 Bang 18: Ket qua chi tieu hoa ly theo thoi gian 32 Bang 19: Ket qua chi tieu hoa ly theo nhiet va thoi gian 32 Bang 20: K i t qua sir thay doi peroxyde theo thoi gian va nhiet bao quan 35 Bang 21: Ham luong N H san pham theo thoi gian va nhiet bao quan 36 Bang 22: Thanh phan co ban ciia lap xudng bo xong khoi 37 Bang 23: Danh gia chat luong san pham theo Tieu chuan Viet Nam ( T C V N 3215 - 79) 37 IV Danh sach hinh Noi dung Trang Hinh 1: V i tri nhung mieng thit d bo Hinh 2: Quy trinh san x u l t lap xudng bd xong khoi du kien 17 Hinh 3: So dd bd t r i thi nghiem 20 Hinh 4: So bd tri thi nghiem 21 Hinh 5: So bd tri thi nghiem 22 Hinh 6: So bd tri thi nghiem 23 Hinh 7: Nguyen lieu thit vai bd, mo heo va ruot nhan tao 24 Hinh 8: D d thi bieu dien gia tri cam quan cua san pham theo cac ti le phoi tron thit - mo 25 Hinh 9: Khdi thit - mo sau phoi tron voi cac ti le khao sat 26 Hinh 10: D d thi bieu dien gia tri cam quan san pham theo cac loai khd khao sat 27 Hinh 11: Mau sac cac mau sau xong khdi 28 Hinh 12: Do thi bieu dien gia tri cam quan cua san pham theo thoi gian va nhiet xong khdi 30 Hinh 13: San pham xong khdi d cac nhiet va thoi gian khac 31 Hinh 14: Dd thi bieu d i l n am theo thoi gian va nhiet khao sat 33 Hinh 15: Dd thi bieu dien chi so peroxyde theo thoi gian va nhiet khao sat 33 Hinh 16: Dd thi t h i hien chi so b theo thoi gian va nhiet khao sat 34 Hinh 17: Dd thi bieu dien su thay doi peroxyde theo thoi gian va nhiet bao quan 35 Hinh 18: Dd thi bieu d i l n su thay doi ham luong N H theo thoi gian va nhiet bao quan 36 Hinh 19: San pham lap xudng bd xong khdi 37 Hinh 20: Quy trinh san xuat lap xudng bd xong khdi 38 v Tom lircc San p h l m thit xong khoi la mot san pham kha bien tren thi trudng Viet Nam hien Tuy nhien chu yeu la thit heo xong khdi, xuc xfch xong khdi, Viec tao san pham lap xudng bd xong khdi nham gdp phan da dang hoa cac san pham xong khdi tren thi trudng, mat khac tao mot loai san pham lap xudng co gia tri dinh dudng cao va mui v i dac trung Dong thoi dap ring nhu cau thi hieu cung nhu tao them nhieu co hoi lira chon cho ngudi tieu dung ve san pham lap xudng cung nhu gdp phan lam bien hon thi trudng san pham thuc pham xong khdi d nude ta Noi dung nghien criu cua de tai gdm: - Khao sat anh hudng ciia cong thric phoi che den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham - Khao sat anh hudng ciia loai gd dung de xong khdi den gia tri cam quan cua san pham - Khao sat anh hudng ciia che xong khdi den chat luong san pham - Khao sat anh hudng ciia nhiet bao quan den kha nang bao quan ciia san pham duoc dong goi chan khong hoan toan bao bi PA Ket qua nghien criu dat duoc nhu sau: • Cong thric phoi che la ti le phan tram giua thit vai bd va mo heo duoc khao sat d ti le 60 : 40, 65 : 35, 70 : 30, 75 : 25, 80 : 20, 85 : 15 va 90 : 10 K i t qua cho t h l y t i le phoi che giua thit vai bd va mo heo phu hop de san pham co gia tri cam quan tot va phu hop la 75% thit vai va 25% mo • Loai gd dung de xong khdi duoc khao sat voi loai mit, xoai, 6i va sa Ket qua cho thay loai gd phu hop, cho gia tri cam quan tot va vupt troi hon han la sa • San pham duoc xong khdi d nhiet va thoi gian khao sat la 70, 75 va 80°C 2, 2,5, va 3,5 gid Va ket qua cho thay d che xong khdi 75°C thoi gian 2,5 gid cho gia tri cam quan phu hop • Nhiet bao quan san pham bao bi PA chan khong hoan toan duoc khao sat d hai mric la nhiet phong va nhiet bao quan lanh (10°C) Ket qua cho thay san pham bao quan d nhiet dp lanh cho ket qua tot hon, ft bien doi hon so voi nhiet phong va keo dai dupe thoi gian bao quan lau hon vi Chirong Gioi thieu 1.1 Dat van de Xong khoi la mot phirong phap che bien da co tir lau doi va phat trien rong rai d nhieu nude tren the gidi, nhat la cac nude d Chau A u Dac diem ciia san pham xong khdi la khong chi tao duoc mui vi thorn ngon dac trung ma co tac dung bao quan chdng thoi rua va chdng oxy hoa san pham San pham xong khdi co mau vang tham va mui thorn rat dac biet San pham thit xong khdi la mot san pham kha bien tren thi trudng Viet Nam hien Tuy nhien chii yeu la thit heo xong khdi, xuc xfch xong khdi, Viec tao san pham lap xudng bd xong khdi nham gdp phan da dang hoa cac san pham xong khdi tren thi trudng, mat khac tao mot loai san pham lap xudng co gia tri dinh dudng cao va mui vi dac trung Dong thoi dap ung nhu cau thj hieu cung nhu tao them nhieu co hoi lira chon cho ngudi tieu dung ve san pham lap xudng cung nhu gdp phan lam bien hon thi trudng san pham thuc pham xong khdi d nude ta Cac san pham thuc pham xong khdi tren thi trudng hien noi chung va lap xudng xong khdi noi rieng la mot san pham kha xa la voi ngudi tieu dung Viet Nam Hy vong qua nghien cuu se mot phan nao dd gdp phan lam bien hon thi trudng san pham thuc pham xong khdi va mong rang thoi gian khong xa san pham xong khdi cung nhu thi trudng thuc pham Viet Nam se cang phat trien 1.2 Muc tieu nghien cihi Dua tren cac nghien cuu trudc ve che bien cac san pham nhu thit, ca, xuc xfch xong khdi Tien hanh khao sat mot so yeu to anh hudng den chat luong san pham xong khdi nhu thoi gian, nhiet va loai gd dung de xong khdi tren san pham lap xudng bd Nham tao san pham lap xudng bd mdi, co mui vi la, thorn ngon dac trung la lap xudng bd xong khdi Giup da dang hoa cac loai san pham lap xudng tren thi trudng Dong thoi dap ung nhu cau thj hieu cung nhu tao them nhieu co hoi lira chon cho ngudi tieu dung ve san pham lap xudng 1.3 Noi dung nghien cihi De tao mot san pham lap luong bd xong khdi co chat luong tot, mui vi thorn ngon dac trung, nghien cuu tien hanh khao sat mot so yeu to sau: - Khao sat anh hudng ciia cong thuc phoi che den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham - Khao sat anh hudng ciia loai gd dung de xong khdi den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham - Khao sat anh hudng ciia che xong khdi den chat luong san pham - Khao sat anh hudng ciia nhiet bao quan den kha nang bao quan ciia san pham duoc dong goi chan khong hoan toan bao bi PA Chirong Liryc khao tai lieu 2.1 Tong quan ve nguyen lieu thit gia sue 2.1.1 C a u tao va phan hoa hoc ciia thjt gia sue Thit gia sue c l u tao bdi b i n md co ban: mo co, mo lien ket, md mo, mo sun va xuong M d i co cd dac diem cau tao, phan hoa hoc va gia tri dinh duong khac Hinh 1: V i tri nhung mieng thit d bo , , - Thit than - Thjt dui giua - Thjt ludn - Thit mdng 7,8, 10, - T h i t vai 9,11,12 - Thjt c l 14 - T h i t dui - T h i t suon 17 - Thjt uc 18, 19 - Thit bung 20, 21 - Khuyu chan 22 - Thit md 2.7.7.7 MS co Theo T r l n N h u Khuyen va N g u y l n Thanh Hai (2007), md co la md cd gia trj thuc pham cao nhat M o co chiem 35% luong vat, gdm loai: co van va co tron - Protein ciia soi co: la phan quan nhat cua mo co Day la mot nhung loai protein hoan thien va de tieu hoa Protein ciia soi co bao gdm cac dang sau: + Miozin chiem khoang 40% tong so protein md co, tham gia vao cau tao te bao, xuc tac qua trinh phan hiiy ATP, giai phong nang luong Miozen chiem 20% protein co Loai protein khong tan nude, tham gia vao cau tao he enzym duong phan + Actin chiem khoang 15% tong so protein to co Cd kha nang ket hop voi miozin tao actimozin, chat anh hudng den chat luong co lam cho kha nang tan kem di + Mioalbumin chiem - 2% la chat hoa tan nude + Mioglobulin la loai protein phuc tap, duoc tao bdi sir ket hop giua protein voi nhdm Hem K h i oxy hoa, Hem bien hematin, la sac to cd hap thu nhat dinh + Globulin la tieu phan protein khong tan nude, tan mudi trung tinh - Nude chiet cua co: Nude chiet cua co chiem ty le rat thap, bao gdm nude chiet chua nito va nude chiet khong chua nito + Nude chiet chua nito gdm mot so bazo nito (metyguanin, anxerin, cacnozin, cacnitin) Chung anh hudng den kha nang lien ket voi photpho vo co, sinh tong hop va rich tu cac chat ATP, A M P , nhung chat tham gia phan ung co co