Nghiên cứu chế biến xíu mại cá tra xốt cà chua đóng hộp

OA TRlTQNG DAI H O C AN GIANG K H O A NONG NGHIEP & TAI N G U Y E N T H I E N N] B O MON C O N G N G H E THV'C PHAM HUYNH T H I DAO DH10TP NGHIEN CUtJ CHE BIEN XIU MAI CA TRA SOT CA CHUA DONG HOP BAO CAO KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP DAI HOC Nganh hoc: Cong Nghe Thuc Pham Can bo huong dan: ThS Cao Th| Luyen KHOA HOC: 2009 - 2013 TRUONG DAI HQC AN GIANG THU VIEN An Giang, 2013 TRl/ONG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA NONG NGHIEP & TAI NGUYEN THIEN NI BO MON CONG NGHE THU C PHAM HUYNH THI DAO DH10TP NGHIEN CUU CHE BIEN XIU MAI CA TRA SOT CA CHUA DONG HOP Do sinh vien: HUYNH THI DAO thuc hien va dS nap Kfnh trinh hoi dong cham luan van tot nghiep xet duyet Long xuyen, thdng nam 2013 GIAO VIEN HUONG DAN Ths Cao Thi Luyen Loi cam ta Qua thai gian lam luan van da trau doi rat nhieu kien thuc tir thuc te, dugc hoc va hieu them rat nhieu kien thuc chuyen nganh De co the dat dugc ket qua nhu horn ngoai sir co gang cua ban than co sir giup ciia gia dinh, thay co va ban be Xin chan biet on ba me da sinh thanh, nuoi duong, day do, lo lang, tao mgi dieu kien de an hgc nhu horn Xin chan cam on den: Co Cao Thj Luyen da tan tinh hudng dan, giup va truyen dat nhirng kien thuc cung nhu kinh nghiem quy bau suot qua trinh hoc tap, cung nhu thdi gian lam luan van Cac Thay Co Bo non Cong Nghe Thuc Pham - Khoa Nong nghiep & Tai nguyen Thien nhien - Trudng Dai hgc An Giang da trang bi nhirng kien thuc bo fch va quy bau cho toi suot qua trinh hgc tap va ren luyen tai trudng Cac can bo phong thi nghiem trudng Dai hgc An Giang da tao mgi dieu kien thuan lgi giup toi hoan luan van Cam on cac ban sinh vien ldp DH10TP da giup va dong gdp nhung y kien chan cho toi suot thdi gian qua Xin kfnh chuc cac Thay Co va cac ban dugc doi dao sue khde Xin cam on va tran trgng kfnh chao! Long Xuyen, thdng nam 2013 Sinh vien thyc hien Huynh Thi Dao i Muc luc Noi dung Lai cam ta Muc luc Danh sach bang Danh sach hinh Tom luge Chiromg Gioi thieu 1.1 Dat van de 1.2 Muc tieu nghien cuu 1.3 Noi dung nghien cuu Chirong Liroc khao tai lieu 2.1 Nguyen lieu 2.1.1 Nguyen lieu ca tra 2.1.2 Nguyen lieu md heo 2.1.3 Nguyen lieu ca chua 2.2 Gia vi va phu gia 2.2.1 Mudi an (NaCl) 2.2.2 Duong 2.2.3 Bot nggt 2.2.4 Bot tieu 2.2.5 Toi 2.2.6 Hat niem Knorr 2.2.7 Polyphosphate 2.2.8 Natri nitrate va kali nitrate (NaN0 , KN0 ) 2.2.9 Driu an CookingOil 2.2.10 Que va dinh huong 2.2.11 Tinh bot khoai mi 2.3 Cac qua trinh che bien co ban 2.3.1 Qua trinh xay 2.3.2 Qua trinh phoi tron 2.3.3 Qua trinh hip 2.3.4 Qua trinh dong hop ii Trang ii v vii viii 1 3 6 7 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 2.3.5 Qua trinh trung 12 2.4 Cac dang hu hong thudng gap d hop 15 2.4.1 Do hop hu hong vi sinh vat 15 2.4.2 Do hop hu hong cac hien tuong hoa hoc 15 2.5 Mot so san pham xiu mai tren thi trudng 16 2.6 Cac nghien cuu trudc day co lien quan 18 Chiromg Phiromg tien va phiromg phap nghien cuu 17 3.1 Phuong tien nghien cuu 17 3.1.1 Dja diem 17 3.1.2 Thoi gian thuc hien 17 3.1.3 Nguyen lieu, phu gia va hoa chat 17 3.1.4 Dung cu va thiet bi 17 3.2 Phuong phap nghien cuu 17 3.2.1 Phuong phap phan tfch thong ke 17 3.2.2 Quy trinh che bien tham khao 18 3.2.3 Cac chi tieu danh gia san pham 20 3.3 Noi dung bo tri thi nghiem 20 3.3.1 Thi nghiem 1: Khao sat anh hudng cua ty le thit ca : md heo den gia tri cam quan vien xiu mai 20 3.3.2 Thi nghiem 2: Khao sat anh hudng ty le polyphosphate va nitrite - nitrate den gia tri cam quan san pham 22 3.3.3 Thi nghiem 3: Khao sat anh hudng ty le muoi va dudng bo sung sot ca den gia tri cam quan cua san pham 24 3.3.4 Thi nghiem 4: Khao sat anh hudng nhiet va thoi gian trung den chat lugng va thoi gian bao quan san pham 25 Chiromg Ket qua va thao luan 27 4.1 Ket qua phan tfch phan hoa hgc cua nguyen lieu 27 4.2 Anh hudng ty le thit ca va md heo den gia tri cam quan vien xfu mai 27 4.3 Anh hudng ty le polyphosphate va nitrite - nitrate den gia tri cam quan san pham 30 4.4 Anh hudng ty le muoi va dudng bo sung sot ca den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 32 4.5 Anh hudng nhiet va thoi gian trung den chat lugng va thoi gian bao quan san pham 34 4.6 Ket qua phan tfch phan hoa hoc ciia san pham 36 Chiromg Ket luan va kien nghj 38 iii 5.1 Kit luan 5.2 K i n nghj Tai lieu tham khao Phu chiromg Phu chuong A Phu chuong B Phu chuong C Phu chuong D 38 40 41 pel pel pc2 pc7 pell iv Danh sach bang Trang Bang 1: Thanh phan hoa hoc cua ca tra Bang 2: Thanh phan ca tra fillet Bang 3: Thanh phan hoa hoc cua mo mo Bang 4: Cac chi tieu cam quan va hoa ly cua muoi an theo TCVN 3974:2007 Bang 5: Tieu chuan chat lugng bot nggt Bang 6: Phuong phap phan tfch cac chi tieu 17 Bang 7: Thanh phan hoa hgc ca tra fillet 27 Bang 8: Thanh phan hoa hoc co ban ciia mo heo 27 Bang 9: Anh hudng ty le thit ca va md heo den gia tri cam quan vien xfu mai 28 Bang 10: Thanh phan hoa hgc ciia hon hgp thit ca : md heo sau hap 29 Bang 11: Anh hudng ciia ham lugng polyphosphate den gia tri cam quan san pham.30 Bang 12: Anh hudng ciia ham lugng nitrite - nitrate den gia tri cam quan san pham 30 Bang 13: Anh hudng ti le muoi: dudng den gia tri cam quan cua san pham 31 Bang 14: Tong so vi khuan hieu khf san pham 32 Bang 15: Anh hudng nhiet va thoi gian trung san pham d 121°C den chat lugng va thoi gian bao quan san pham 33 Bang 16: Kit qua phan tfch ham lugng NH (mg/kg) va chi so peroxide san pham theo thoi gian 34 Bang 17: Thanh phan hoa hgc ciia san pham 35 Bang 18: Bang diem danh gia cam quan thi nghiem pc Bang 19: Bang diem danh gia cam quan thi nghiem pc Bang 20: Bang diem danh gia cam quan thi nghiem pc Bang 21: Bang diem danh gia cam quan thi nghiem pc 10 Bang 22: Bang diem mo ta chi tieu muc ua thfch ciia san pham pc 10 Bang 23: Kit qua khao sat ty le phoi tron thit ca : md heo den cau true va chat lugng san pham pc 11 Bang 24: Ket qua khao sat ty le phoi tron thit ca : md heo den mau sac va chat lugng san pham pc 11 Bang 25: Ket qua khao sat ty le phoi tron thit ca : md heo den mui va chat lugng san pham pc 12 Bang 26: Ket qua khao sat ty le phoi tron thit ca : md heo den vi va chat lugng san pham pc 12 v Bang 27: Ket qua khao sat ty le phoi tron thit ca : mo heo den muc ua thich va chat lugng san pham pc 13 Bang 28: Ket qua phan tfch ham lugng am cua hon hgp thit ca : mo heo sau hap pc 13 Bang 29: Ket qua phan tfch ham lugng lipid ciia hon hgp thit ca : mo heo sau hap pc 14 Bang 30: Ket qua phan tfch ham lugng protid ciia hon hgp thit ca : mo heo sau hap pc 14 Bang 31: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng ty le polyphotphate va nitrite - nitrate den cau true va chat lugng san pham pc 15 Bang 32: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng ty le polyphotphate va nitrite - nitrate den mau sac va chat lugng san pham pc 16 Bang 33: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng ty le polyphotphate va nitrite - nitrate den muc ua thfch va chat lugng san pham pc 18 Bang 34: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng ty le muoi va dudng bo sung sot ca den mau sac va chat lugng san pham pc 19 Bang 35: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng ty le muoi va dudng bo sung sot ca den mui vi va chat lugng san pham pc 21 Bang 36: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng ty le muoi va dudng bo sung sot ca den trang thai va chat lugng san pham pc 22 Bang 37: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng ty le muoi va dudng bo sung sot ca den muc ua thfch va chat lugng san pham pc 24 Bang 38: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng nhiet va thdi gian trung den cau true san pham pc 25 Bang 39: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng nhiet va thdi gian trung den mau sac san pham pc 26 Bang 40: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng nhiet va thdi gian trung den mui vi san pham pc 26 Bang 41: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng nhiet va thdi gian trung den muc ua thfch san pham pc 26 VI Danh sach hinh Hinh 1: Nguyen lieu ca tra Hinh 2: Nguyen lieu md heo Hinh 3: Nguyen lieu ca chua Hinh 4: San phdm cua Cong ty CP Dd Hop Ha Long Hinh 5: San phlm cua Cong ty TNHH VISSAN Hinh 6: San phlm cua Cong ty CP ACECOOK Hinh 7: San phlm cua Cong ty TNHH Thuc Phlm Sai Gdn Hinh 8: Quy trinh che bien tham khao Hinh 9: So dd bd tri thi nghiem Hinh 10: So dd bd tri thi nghiem Hinh 11: So dd bd tri thi nghiem Hinh 12: So dd bd tri thi nghiem Hinh 13: San pham xiu mai ca tra sot ca chua dong hop Hinh 14: So dd qui trinh san xuat xiu mai ca tra sot ca de nghi Hinh 15: Vien xiu mai sau hap Hinh 16: San pham nude sot ca chua vii Trang 6 16 16 16 16 18 21 23 24 25 36 49 pc pc Tom lirac De tai "Nghien cuu che bien san pham xiu mai cd tra sot cd chua dong hop" dugc thuc hien nham tan dung ngudn nguyen lieu ca tra doi dao d cua cac tinh Dong Bang Song Cuu Long dac biet la d An Giang de tao san pham tien ich cho nguoi tieu dung, dong thoi de nang cao gia tri kinh te cung nhu lam da dang hoa cac san pham che bien tir nguyen lieu De san pham co gia tri dinh dudng, cam quan cao de tai tap trung khao sat nhirng van de sau: - Khao sat anh hudng ciia ty le thit ca : md heo den gia trj cam quan va dinh dudng ciia vien xiu mai - Khao sat anh hudng ciia ty le polyphosphate va nitrate den gia tri cam quan san pham - Khao sat anh hudng ty le mudi va dudng bd sung sot ca den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham - Khao sat anh hudng nhiet dd va thoi gian trung den chat lugng va thoi gian bao quan san pham Ket qua thi nghiem cho thay: - Phoi trdn 75% ca tra va 25% md heo cho san pham co cau true tot, dd dai vira phai, mau sac trang sang, mui vi thorn ngon hai hoa - Ti le polyphosphate bd sung la 0,3% so vdi hdn hgp thit ca va md heo ket hgp vdi 100 mg nitrite - nitrate so vdi lOOg hdn hgp thit ca va md heo cho cau true san pham co dd dai vira phai, mau sac tuoi sang - Bd sung mudi vdi ti le la 1% cung vdi dudng vdi ti le 8% so vdi khdi lugng nguyen lieu ca chua cho san pham co trang thai dong nhat, mau sac sang dep, mui vi hai hoa thorn ngon dac trung - Thanh trung mau d 121°C 25 phut se thu dugc san pham co cau true vien xiu mai dai vira phai, mui vi thorn ngon hai hoa cua nude sot ca - Sau tuan bao quan thi ham lugng NH nam muc cho phep theo quy dinh cua Bd y te va chi so peroxide cua san pham khong co viii Multiple Range Tests for Diem DGCQ by Vi Method: 95.0 percent LSD VI Count Mean Homogeneous Groups (Villi A sr\ A J.UOOO / IjJDOD 'X&fifil/ fif)-AC\ A XX 65:35 3.5 OO.'+U 30 XX 70:30 30 3.6 X 80:20 30 3.73333 X 75:25 30 3.73333 Bang 27: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng ty le phoi tron thjt ca : md heo den muc thich va chat lugng san pham Source Between groups Within groups Total (Corr.) Sum of Squares 38.9143 199.567 238.481 Df Mean Square F-Ratio 6.48571 6.60 203 0.983087 209 P-Value 0.0000 Multiple Range Tests for Diem DGCQ by MDUT MDUT Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 50:50 30 5.53333 X X 55:45 30 5.7 X 65:35 30 6.3 X 60:40 30 6.33333 X 70:30 30 6.33333 XX 80:20 30 6.46667 75:25 30 X 6.9 Bang 28: Ket qua phan tich ham lugng am cua hon hgp thit ca : md heo sau hap Source Between groups Within groups Total (Corr.) Sum of Squares 121.714 159.042 280.756 Df Mean Square F-Ratio 20.2857 4.46 35 4.54405 41 pc 13 P-Value 0.0019 Multiple Range Tests for am by Mau Mau Count Mean Homogeneous Groups X 75:25 54.6122 X 80:20 54.6715 X 70:30 54.8413 XX 63:35 55.9496 XX 60:40 57.5359 X 50:50 58.4863 X 55:45 58.8142 Bang 29: Ket qua phan tich ham lirgng lipid ciia hon hgp thjt ca : md heo sau hap Source Between groups Within groups Total (Corr.) Sum of Squares 37.3091 45.3397 82.6488 Df Mean Square F-Ratio 6.21819 4.80 35 1.29542 41 P-Value 0.0011 Multiple Range Tests for lipid by Mau Mau Count Mean Homogeneous Groups X 80:20 26.0721 XX 75:25 26.9226 XX 70:30 27.5508 XX 65:35 27.708 X 60:40 28.5247 X 55:45 28.6584 X 50:50 28.8688 Bang 30: Ket qua phan tich ham lugng protid cua hon hgp thit ca : md heo sau hap Source Between groups Within groups Total (Corr.) Sum of Squares 96.278 38.6391 134.917 Df Mean Square F-Ratio 16.0463 8.72 21 1.83996 27 Multiple Range Tests for ket qua by Dam Dam 50:50 55:45 60:40 65:35 70:30 75:25 80:20 Count 4 4 4 Mean 9.20975 9.63275 11.6618 11.787 12.7437 14.0443 14.4135 Homogeneous Groups X X X X XX X X pc 14 P-Value 0.0001 Thi nghiem 2: Khao sat anh huong cua ty le polyphotphate va nitrite - nitrate den gia trj cam quan cua san pham Bang 31: Ket qua khao sat anh huong ty le polyphotphate va nitrite - nitrate den cau true va chat lugng san pham Source MAIN EFFECTS A:polyphotphate B:nitrate INTERACTIONS AB RESIDUAL TOTAL (CORRECTED) Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value 6.2 0.705556 2.06667 0.352778 2.96 0.51 0.0322 0.6034 4.38333 242.667 253.956 0.730556 348 0.697318 359 1.05 0.3941 Multiple Range Tests for cau true by polyphotphate polyphotphate Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 3.34444 0.0880226 X 0.2 90 0.5 90 3.37778 0.0880226 X 0.3 90 3.57778 0.0880226 XX 0.4 90 3.65556 0.0880226 X Multiple Range Tests for cau true by nitrite - nitrate nitrate 150 100 Count 120 120 120 LS Mean 3.43333 3.49167 3.54167 LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 0.0762606 X 0.0762606 X 0.0762606 X NOVA Table for cau true by ti le polyphotphate : nitrite - nitrate Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio Between groups 11.2889 11 1.02626 1.47 Within groups 242.667 348 0.697318 Total (Corr.) 253.956 359 pc 15 P-Value 0.1401 Multiple Range Tests for cau true by ti le polyphotphate : nitrite - nitrate I p\)p] 2-0 5*150 0.5:100 0.2:100 0.4:0 0.2:150 0.3:150 0.5:0 0.3:0 0.3:100 0.4:150 0.4:100 I A VCi i aunt 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Mpan 32 23333 36667 3.36667 3.43333 46667 3.5 3.53333 3.56667 3.66667 3.76667 3.76667 hlamaQpnpauv x x CrT/yunx XX XX XX XX XX XX XX X X X Bang 32: Ket qua khao sat anh hudng ty le polyphotphate va nitrite - nitrate den mau sac va chat lugng san pham Analysis of Variance for mau sac - Type III Sums of Squares Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value MAIN EFFECTS A:polyphotphate 7.40833 2.46944 5.07 0.0019 B: nitrate 1.4 0.7 1.44 0.2389 INTERACTIONS AB 2.13333 0.355556 0.73 0.6255 RESIDUAL 169.433 348 0.486877 TOTAL(CORRECTED) 180.375 359 Multiple Range Tests for mau sac by polyphotphate polyphotphate Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 0.2 90 3.38889 0.073551 X 0.5 90 3.63333 0.073551 X 0.4 90 3.72222 0.073551 X 0.3 90 3.75556 0.073551 X pc 16 Multiple Range Tests for mau sac by nitrite - nitrate Method: percentLSLSD nitrate 95.0 Count Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 150 100 120 120 120 3.54167 3.64167 3.69167 0.063697 0.063697 0.063697 X X X ANOVA Table for mau sac by ti le polyp lotphate : nitrite - nitrate Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio Between groups 10.9417 0.994697 2.04 11 Within groups 169.433 348 0.486877 Total (Coit.) 359 180.375 P-Value 0.0239 Multiple Range Tests for mau sac by ti le polyphotphate : nitrite - nitrate Method: percent LSD Level 95.0 Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 0.2:0 0.2:150 0.2:100 0.4:0 0.5:150 0.3:0 0.5:100 0.5:0 0.3:150 0.3:100 0.4:150 0.4:100 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 3.33333 3.4 3.43333 3.5 3.53333 3.63333 3.66667 3.7 3.8 3.83333 3.83333 3.83333 X XX XX XXX XXX XXX XXX XX X X X X pc 17 Bang 33: Ket qua khao sat anh huong ty le polyphotphate va nitrite - nitrate den muc ua thich va chat luong san pham Analysis of Variance for MDUT - Type HI Sums of Squares Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Source MAIN EFFECTS A:polyphotphate 23.5333 7.84444 4.85 0.0026 B: nitrate 10.5556 5.27778 3.26 0.0395 INTERACTIONS AB 7.93333 1.32222 0.82 0.5573 RESIDUAL 563.267 348 1.61858 TOTAL(CORRECTED) 605.289 359 Multiple Range Tests for MDUT by polyphotphate polyphotphate Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 0.2 90 5.78889 0.134105 X 6.04444 0.134105 XX 0.5 90 0.4 90 6.37778 0.134105 X 0.3 90 6.41111 0.134105 X Multiple Range Tests for MDUT by nitrite - nitrate nitrate Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 120 5.93333 0.116139 X 150 120 6.18333 0.116139 XX 100 120 6.35 0.116139 X ANOVA Table for MDUT by ti le polypli otphate : nitrite - nitrate Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio Between groups 42.0222 11 3.8202 2.36 Within groups 563.267 348 1.61858 Total (Corr.) 605.289 359 pc 18 P-Value 0.0081 Multiple Range Tests for MDUT by ti le polyphotphate : nitrite - nitrate / S)\l/yj 70 • 100 5-1 50 2-1 50 5-100 5-0 3-0 0.4:0 0.4:150 0.3:150 0.3:100 0.4:100 f Sill lit 30 VJ.Z V/ V_/ Z \J\J VJ J »J VJ v ' — «J \ J V/ J • V/ VJ J VJ JVJ 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 ~J VJ J VJ •J VJ ~jVJ ivi car hi sim i 54 Q3333 60 03333 06667 06667 61 16667 6.2 6.5 6.63333 6.76667 VJ.VJ VJ VJ_J ~J VJ VJ VJ VJ VJ / VJ sio siti s>su i v fir/H/nc Y Zk XX AA XXX XXX XX XX XX Z JkZ\ XXX XXX XXX XX X Thi nghiem 3: Khao sat anh huong ty le muoi va during bo sung sot ca den gia trj cam quan cua san pham Bang 34: Khao sat anh huong ty le muoi va dudng bo sung sot ca den mau sac va chat luong san pham Source MAIN EFFECTS A:muoi B:duong INTERACTIONS AB RESIDUAL TOTAL (CORRECTED) Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value 4.275 1.62222 1.425 0.811111 2.82 1.60 0.0390 0.2024 2.13333 175.9 183.931 0.355556 348 0.50546 359 0.70 0.6470 pc 19 Multiple Range Tests for mau sac by muoi J V I / XV / f s~ii Jn t / \ LsO AAtp/in ivictiri / \ LdO \ i oyyi/i dlgrrlLl I1 UiiliJKCrlCUlAo KJI U ill Jo 3.34444 0.0749414 X 90 3.44444 0.0749414 XX 1.5 90 90 3.51111 0.0749414 XX 3.64444 0.0749414 X 0.5 90 Multiple Range Tests for mau sac by duong duong 11 s Count 120 120 120 LS Mean 3.39167 3.525 3.54167 LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 0.0649012 X 0.0649012 X 0.0649012 X ANOVA Table for mau sac by ty Source Sum of Squares Between groups 8.03056 Within groups 175.9 Total (Corr.) 183.931 e muoi: duong Df Mean Square F-Ratio 1.44 11 0.730051 348 0.50546 359 Multiple Range Tests for mau sac by ty le muoi: duong Level 2:11 2:8 0.5:11 2:5 1.5:8 1:11 1.5:11 1:5 1.5:5 1:8 0.5:5 0.5:8 Count 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Mean 3.3 3.33333 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.43333 3.43333 3.46667 3.5 3.63333 3.73333 3.8 Homogeneous Groups X X XX XX XX XX XX XXX XXX XXX XX X pc 20 P-Value 0.1513 Bang 35: Khao sat anh huong ty le muoi va dudng bo sung sot ca den miii vj va chat lugng san pham Analysis of Variance for mui vi - Type III Sums of Squares Source Sum of Sauares *\ }/? / t * 11 / ? / 1 / t* i/ T~I c* ... pham xiu mai ca tra sot ca chua dong hop Hinh 14: So dd qui trinh san xuat xiu mai ca tra sot ca de nghi Hinh 15: Vien xiu mai sau hap Hinh 16: San pham nude sot ca chua vii Trang 6 16 16 16... tren trang hoa nude ta ca chua thu hoach vu chinh vao thang 12 den thang 2.1.3.2 Phan loai Theo gia tri sir dung va hinh dang cua ca chua cd the chia lam nhdm: Ca chua hong: la loai ca chua dugc... trimg : - Nhdm san pham dd hop khong chua va it chua cd pH > 4,6 - Nhdm san pham dd hop chua cd pH < 4,6 Ddi vdi cac loai dd hop thudc nhdm khong chua hay it chua, tire la cd mdi trudng pH > 4,5