Dùng trong các câu mở đầu bằng các phó từ “here, there, now, then, in, out, down, up, back, over ,away, off”.Trường hợp này chủ ngữ là đại từ thì không đảo.. Now comes my turn.[r]
(1)INVERSION IN ENGLISH 1)- Với động từ BE: …… BE S ………
2)- Với dộng từ thường:
a)- Ở đơn (HT đơn, QK đơn): …… DO/DOES/DID S V …………
b)- Ở hồn thành (HTHT , QKHT): …… HAVE/HAS/HAD S PP/V3 ………… 3)- Với động từ tình thái (MV): ……… MV S V
I-ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NO VÀ NOT:
- I wil lend you no money from now on ĐN:- No money will I lend you from now on
- I wont lend you any money from now on ĐN:- Not any money will I lend you from now on II-ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC TRẠNG TỪ PHỦ ĐỊNH:
Never(không bao giờ), rarely = seldom = little (ít khi, khi, khơng), hardly (ever) (hầu không bao giờ).
- I will never speak to him again ĐN:- Never will I speak to him again
- He has rarely got mark 10 in maths ĐN:- Rarely has he got mark 10 in maths - I seldom listen to rock music ĐN:- Seldom I listen to rock music
- She little understands me ĐN:- Little does she understand me
- They hardly (ever) speak in public ĐN:- Hardly (ever) they speak in public - She is never late for school ĐN:- Never is she late for school
II-ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI:
No sooner …… than; Hardly/Barely/Scarcely…… when/before…… (Vừa … thì…….) 1)- No sooner had S PP/V3 than clause (QKĐ)
2)- Hardly/Barely/Scarcely had S PP/V3 when/before clause (QKĐ)
-I had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang.ĐN:- No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang -I had hardly arrived home when/before the phone rang
ĐN:- Hardly had I arrived home when/before the phone rang III-ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI ONLY:
- Only after N/V-ing: sau - Only later: Chỉ sau - Only once: lần - Only then : đến lúc - Only when clause : chi đến - Only if clause : - Only by N/V-ing : cách - Only with N/V-ing: với - Only in this/that way : cách này/đó
- I realized that I had forgotten to put on a stamp only after posting the letter
ĐN:- Only after posting the letter did I realize that I had forgotten to put on a stamp
(2)- You are allowed to enter this room only if I have given permission ĐN:- Only if I have given permission are you allowed to enter this room
IV- ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC CỤM GIỚI TỪ CÓ NO: - At no time : chưa
- In no way : không cách - On no condition : tuyệt đối khơng - On no account : khơng lí
- Under/In no circumstances:trong hồn cảnh khơng - For no reasons = On no account : khơng lí
- No longer: khơng cịn
Eg: - He never knew she came from a rich family
ĐN1:- At no time did he know she came from a rich family ĐN2:- Never did he know she came from a rich family - Keith certainly cant be held responsible for the accident ĐN:- In no way can Keith be held responsible for the accident
- Passengers arent permitted to open the doors under/in any circumstances ĐN:- Under/In no circumstances are passengers permitted to open the doors - He no longer works as an accountant He has just found another job
ĐN:- No longer does he works as an accountant He ……… V-ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI SO ………… THAT VÀ SUCH ……… THAT : 1)- SO ……… THAT :
- He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch ĐN:- So hard did he worked that he forgot his lunch - The play is so interesting that the theatre is likely to be full every night
ĐN1:- So interesting is the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night ĐN2:- Such is the interest of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night - He bought so many books that he couldn't read them all
ĐN: So many books did he buy that he couldn't read them all - Alice has so much homework that she can't finish it all
- ĐN: So much homework does Alice have that she can't finish it all Note: Dùng SO MANY/FEW/MUCH/LITTLE N không dùng SUCH
2)- SUCH ……… THAT :
- It was such a boring speech that I got sleepy ĐN:- Such was a boring speech that I got sleepy
(3)ĐN:- Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted
VI-ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI : NOT ONLY ………… BUT ALSO (khơng mà cịn) NOT ONLY mệnh đề đảo BUT ……… ALSO mệnh đề thường
- He is not only good at English but he can also draw very well ĐN:- Not only is he good at English but he can also draw very well
VII-ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI: NOT UNTILL/TILL (THEN/LATER) NOT UNTILL/TILL mệnh đề thường mệnh đề đảo (mãi đến khi) - I didnt know where I was untill I asked a passer-by
- ĐN:- Not untill I asked a passer-by did I know where I was
NOT UNTILL/TILL THEN/LATER mệnh đề đảo (mãi đến lúc đó/sau này) - I didnt recognize him untill later ĐN:- Not untill later did I recognize him
VIII-ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NEITHER/NOR VÀ SO:
- They dont like chicken, and neither/nor I - She can play the guitar, and so can I * ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NEITHER……… NOR :
- There is neither excitement nor entertainment in this small town ĐN: Neither is there excitement nor entertainment in this small town
IX-ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG SO SÁNH VỚI AS VÀ THAN: - The cake was excellent, as the coffee was
ĐN:- The cake was excellent, as was the coffee
- I thought, as my friend did, that the exam would be difficult ĐN:-I thought, as did my friend, that the exam would be difficult - He has more money than you
ĐN:- He has more money than you
X-ĐẢO NGỮ SAU CÁC TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ PHƯƠNG HƯỚNG HOẶC VỊ TRÍ:
Khi câu có từ cụm trạng ngữ phương hướng vị trí nội động từ đảo lên trước chủ ngữ - David began to open the parcels A dictionary was inside the first
ĐN:- David began to open the parcels Inside the first was a dictionary - A portrait of Lenin was above the fiòlace
ĐN:- Above the fiòlace was a portrait of Lenin
- His father sat in an armchair ĐN:- In an armchair sat his father * Note:
-Động từ TO BE thường sử dụng dạng đảo ngữ này, ngồi ta cịn dùng nội động từ chuyển động như: CLIMB, COME, FLY, GO, HANG, LIE, RUN, SIT, STAND, ……
-Thường dùng dạng đảo ngữ động từ khứ đơn
(4)Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ She had never been so happy before I have never heard such nonsense! I have never seen such a mess in my life Public borrowing has seldom been so high
5 They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony
6 They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent
8 I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed
9 The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property 10 The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony
11 Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face 12 The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances
13 The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu cho nghĩa không thay đổi.
1 Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.–> So……… He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.–> No sooner………
3 She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.–> Hardly……… I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.–> Only when……… You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John.–> Nowhere……… 6.–> The outcome of the election was never in doubt.–> At no time………
7 He forgot about the gun until he got home.–> Not until………
8 The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday.–> Only by………
Bài tập Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1 He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me.Not only _ He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang. No sooner I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back. Hardly He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang. Not until _ We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months. Only I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you. Never _ A sleeping dog was lying under the table. Under the table
(5)KEYS Bài 1:
1 She had never been so happy before. > Never had she been so happy before I have never heard such nonsense! > Never have I heard such nonsense!
3 I have never seen such a mess in my life. > Never have I seen such a mess in my life Public borrowing has seldom been so high. > Seldom has public borrowing been so high They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony
> Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony
6 They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success > Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent
> Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed
> Hardly had I begun to apologise when the door closed
9 The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property > In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property 10 The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony > No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony
11 Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face > Only when Tom saw his wife’s face did he understand the meaning of the comment 12 The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances
> Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals 13 The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice > Rarely did the artist pay any attention to his agent’s advice Bài 2:
1 Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.–> So great was her grief that she almost fainted He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk
–> No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her
–> Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later –> Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John –> Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs John The outcome of the election was never in doubt
–> At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt He forgot about the gun until he got home
–> Not until he got home did he remember about the gun
8 The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday –> Only by training hard everyday can you become a good athlete
Bài tập 3:
1 Not only did he spend all his money but she also borrowed some from me No sooner had I left the office than the phone rang
3 Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back Not until the bell rang did he finish his work
5 Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease Never in my life have seen anyone drink as much as you
7 Under the table was lying a sleeping dog Rarely had his brother been more excited Only later were all the facts made public
(6)13.Little did the police suspect that the judgment was the murderer 14.Should you see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
15.In no way can the bus be blamed for the accident
16 So heavy was the snowfall that all the trains had to be cancelled
17.Were the government to write interest rates they would lose the election 18.No sooner had I got into the bath than someone knocked on the door 19.Such was the uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed 20 Seldom is there so much rain in March
21.Only when your identity has been checked will you be allowed in 22.Hardly had the play started when there was a power failure 23 Rarely has the Prime Minister made so inept a speech 24.Scarcely had we arrived home when the police called
25.On no account are press photographers allowed to take photographs backstage 26.Never before has so much money been spent to so little purpose!
27.Barely had the trial proceedings begun when the judge was taken ill
(7)