(A) For certain two-syllable words used as both nouns and verbs, stress nouns on the first syllable, and verbs on the second syllable.. present present He presented hi[r]
(1)Word Stress Pattern Rules Using suffixes to predict stress
(A) Stress the suffix itself:
- ee employee refugee trainee referee evacuee - eer engineer career volunteer mountaineer - ese Chinese Japanese Portuguese journalese - ique unique antique technique
-ain entertain / entə'tein/ ascertain/,æsə'tein/ -ette cigarette /,sigə'ret/ laundette /lɔ:n'dret / -esque picturesque
(B) Stress the syllable immediately before the suffix:
- ial memorial financial artificial essential - ual visual unusual intellectual individual - ian Canadian vegetarian pedestrian politician - sion explosion occasion conclusion permission - tion definition production situation qualification
- ient ancient sufficient efficient deficient proficient - cious delicious conscious suspicious judicious
- tious ambitious cautious superstitious conscientious
- ic academic energetic fantastic terrific realistic - ible edible flexible incredible impossible
- ity ability necessity publicity possibility humidity - ify classify terrify humidify personify solidify - logy biology sociology anthropology psychology
- graphy geography autobiography photography pornography - meter kilometer parameter speedometer thermometer
b/ Các hậu tố khơng ảnh hưởng đến vị trí trọng âm t gốc ‘-able’: comfort /'kʌmfət/ comfortable/'kʌmfətəbl/
’-age’: anchor/'æηkə/ anchorage /'æηkəridʒ/ ‘-al’ : refuse /ri'fju:z / refusal /ri'fju:zl / ‘-en’ : wide / / widen / /
‘-ful’ : wonder/ / wonderful/ / ‘-ing’: amaze / / amazing / / ‘-like’: bird / / birdlike/ / “-less”: power / / powerless / / ‘-ly’ : hurried / / hurriedly/ /
(2)‘-ous’: poisonous / / ‘-fy’, ‘-wise’, ‘-y’
C, Tiền tố: tiền tố thường không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm từ (C) Stress the second syllable before the suffix:
- ate operate exaggerate associate integrate certificate - ize apologize criticize recognize computerize
- ary secretary necessary contemporary vocabulary - ous dangerous mysterious spontaneous simultaneous
Using Parts of Speech to predict stress
(A) For certain two-syllable words used as both nouns and verbs, stress nouns on the first syllable, and verbs on the second syllable
Noun Verb Example
record record The bank recorded a new record yesterday present present He presented his wife with a beautiful present conduct conduct They're conducting a study into his conduct suspect suspect The suspect was suspected of robbing the bank desert desert The desert is so dry that it is usually deserted
(B) Stress compound nouns on the first part/word:
deadline classroom software typewriter policeman airplane bus station air conditioner sports car credit card stock market Great wall
(C) Stress two-word verbs more strongly on the second word, but for their noun equivalents, stress them on the first part
Noun: Here's the printout She's a dropout
Where's the checkout counter? There was a holdup at the bank This clearly is a setup