Trắc nghiệm, bài giảng pptx các môn chuyên ngành Y dược hay nhất có tại “tài liệu ngành Y dược hay nhất”; https://123doc.net/users/home/user_home.php?use_id=7046916. Slide môn anh văn chuyên ngành y ppt dành cho sinh viên chuyên ngành Y dược. Trong bộ sưu tập có trắc nghiệm kèm đáp án chi tiết các môn, giúp sinh viên tự ôn tập và học tập tốt bộ môn anh văn chuyên ngành y bậc cao đẳng đại học ngành Y dược và các ngành khác
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc publishing as Benjamin Cummings What is Human Respiration? The human respiratory system allows one to obtain oxygen, eliminate carbon dioxide Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration and expiration Inspiration- the process of taking in air Expiration- the process of blowing out air Organs in the Respiratory System STRUCTURE nose / nasal cavity pharynx (throat) larynx FUNCTION warms, moistens, & filters air as it is inhaled passageway for air, leads to trachea the voice box, where vocal chords are located keeps the windpipe "open" trachea (windpipe) trachea is lined with fine hairs called cilia which filter air before it reaches the lungs bronchi bronchioles alveoli two branches at the end of the trachea, each lead to a lung a network of smaller branches leading from the bronchi into the lung tissue & ultimately to air sacs the functional respiratory units in the lung where gases are exchanged Upper Respiratory Tract Functions Passageway for respiration Receptors for smell Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign material Moistens and warms incoming air Resonating chambers for voice Lower Respiratory Tract Functions: Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production Trachea: transports air to and from lungs Bronchi: branch into lungs Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange Pressure Relationships the Thoracic Cavity Intrapulmonary pressure is thein pressure in the alveoli, which rises and falls during respiration, but always eventually equalizes with atmospheric pressure Intrapleural pressure is the pressure in the pleural cavity It also rises and falls during respiration, but is always about 4mm Hg less than intrapulmonary pressure Importance of Pressure Relationships Transpulmonary pressure (Palv – Pip) keeps the airspaces of the lungs open The negative pressure of the intrapleural space and the tight coupling of the lungs to the thoracic walls is extremely important If intrapleural pressure is equalized with intrapulmonary or atmospheric pressure, lung collapse will occur immediately Intrapulmonary & Intrapleural Pressure Relationships During Pulmonary Ventilation Gases, like liquids, conform to the shape of their container Unlike liquids, gases always fill their container In a large volume, the gas molecules will be far apart and the pressure will be low If the volume is reduced, the gas molecules will be compressed and the pressure will rise Respiratory Histology Trachea Mucosa ( Lớp niêm mạc) -Respiratory epithelium: ciliated pseudostrastified columnar (trụ giả tầng) with goblet cells ( có lơng chuyển) -Lamina propria (lớp đệm): underneath epithelium Contains elastin Warms the air ( with blood vessel) Sub-mucosa (lớp niêm mạc) Mixed seromucous glands (tuyến pha): secrets mucous that humidifies the air Traps particles and bacteria Cartilagious Layer: Lớp sụn Also called hyaline cartilage C-shaped rings The ends of the rings are bridged by horizontally oriented smooth muscle => keep the lumen of the trachea from collapsing Adventitia (Lớp vỏ ngoài) a layer of connective tissue Bronchi Bronchi differ from the trachea in having plates rather than rings of cartilage, and in having a layer of smooth muscle between the lamina propria and submucosa the number of glands and goblet cells decreases Bronchioles At the transition from bronchi to bronchioles the epithelium changes to a ciliated columnar epithelium Glands and cartilage are absent The layer of smooth muscle is relatively thicker than in the bronchi Alveoli Type I pneumocytes: large flattened cells - (95% of the total alveolar area) which present a very thin diffusion barrier for gases Type II pneumocytes Secrete surfactant Macrophages ... will be far apart and the pressure will be low If the volume is reduced, the gas molecules will be compressed and the pressure will rise Respiratory Histology Trachea Tracheal Histology Mucosa... having plates rather than rings of cartilage, and in having a layer of smooth muscle between the lamina propria and submucosa the number of glands and goblet cells decreases Bronchioles At...What is Human Respiration? The human respiratory system allows one to obtain oxygen, eliminate carbon dioxide Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration and expiration Inspiration- the process