汉越鸟类名称对比研究 汉越鸟类名称对比研究 汉越鸟类名称对比研究 luận văn tốt nghiệp,luận văn thạc sĩ, luận văn cao học, luận văn đại học, luận án tiến sĩ, đồ án tốt nghiệp luận văn tốt nghiệp,luận văn thạc sĩ, luận văn cao học, luận văn đại học, luận án tiến sĩ, đồ án tốt nghiệp
ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ NGUYỄN THỊ HẢO 汉越鸟类名称对比研究 NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỐI CHIẾU TÊN GỌI CÁC LOÀI CHIM TRONG TIẾNG HÁN VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ CHUYÊN NGÀNH: NGÔN NGỮ TRUNG QUỐC HÀ NỘI- 2019 河内国家大学 河内国家大学下属外国语大学 外国语大学 研究生院 NGUYỄN THỊ HẢO NGUYỄN THỊ HẢO 汉越鸟类名称对比研究 汉越鸟类名称对比研究 NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỐI CHIẾU TÊN GỌI CÁC LOÀI CHIM TRONG TIẾNG HÁN VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỐI CHIẾU TÊN GỌI CÁC LOÀI CHIM TRONG TIẾNG HÁN VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ Chuyên ngành : Ngôn ngữ Trung Quốc Mã số chuyên ngành ：9220204.01 NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC： GS.TS NGUYỄN VĂN KHANG NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: GS.TS NGUYỄN VĂN KHANG Chuyên ngành： Ngôn ngữ Trung Quốc Mã số chuyên ngành：9220204.01 2019年于河内 河内国家大学下属外国语大学 河内国家大学下属外国语大学 研究生院 研究生院 NGUYỄN THỊ HẢO 汉越鸟类名称对比研究 NGUYỄN THỊ HẢO NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỐI CHIẾU TÊN GỌI CÁC LOÀI CHIM 汉越鸟类名称对比研究 TRONG TIẾNG HÁN VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỐI CHIẾU TÊN GỌI CÁC LOÀI CHIM TRONG TIẾNG HÁN VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ Chuyên ngành : Ngôn ngữ Trung Quốc Mã số chuyên ngành ：9220204.01 NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC： GS.TS NGUYỄN VĂN KHANG NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: GS.TS NGUYỄN VĂN KHANG Chuyên ngành： Ngôn ngữ Trung Quốc Mã số chuyên ngành：9220204.01 2019 年于河内 i 原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所提交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下独立进行研 究工作所取得的成果。除文中已注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其 他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文研究做出过重要贡献 的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法 律后果由本人承担。 论文作者签字 Nguyễn Thị Hảo 签字日期：2019 年 12 月 02 日 ii 致谢 这篇博士学位论文能够完成，首先，我要特别感谢我的导师，阮文 康教授。阮教授的学识和人品都令人敬佩。 能跟随阮教授攻读博士学位， 我由衷地感到荣幸。 老师对我的教诲，不仅是在学业上， 更多的是要求我 通过撰写论文锻炼发现问题、 思考问题、 解释问题的方法与能力，从而在 今后的工作、 学习和生活中都能用上。每次去见老师， 我心里是既焦虑又 踏实的。焦虑的是担心自己辜负了老师的期望，踏实的是有了老师的指导， 我会更有信心将论文进行到底。见老师，风平浪静；见老师，海阔天空！ 其次，要特别感谢答辩委员会的各位老师在这次预答辩中给我提出 很多宝贵的意见， 使我受益匪浅。 我还要感谢我的工作单位——外语大学中国语言文化系的班主任与 各位老师。三年来，各位老师总是非常热情地帮助与支持，使我得以安心 地学习深造。 最后， 感谢我的家人、我的亲朋好友。他们给了我全力的支持，给 了我无限的爱。有他们的陪伴，我的博士生生活少了许多孤单与无奈。 在研究过程中，本人已经进了最大的努力，然而由于水平有限，所 做的还是非常粗浅，错误遗漏之处是难免的， 敬请各位专家多多指教！ 阮氏好 2019 年 12 月 02 日于河内 iii 摘要 鸟类是大自然中羽毛最绚丽、声音最悦耳、习性最独特的动物之一。 它们与人类相依相存，人类对其深具钟爱之情。汉语和越南语都有大量鸟 类名称，蕴涵着丰富的人文价值。两种语言之密切关系使得汉越表示鸟类 名称的词语有着很多相似点，但同时也呈现鲜明的个性特征。鸟类名称属 于动物词语，在任何语言中都属于基本词汇。但以往的研究，常常把“鸟类” 放在“动物”语义场里来讨论，专项研究为数极少。而且大部分只针对单独 一种语言而已，难以突出鸟类名称在不同语言的特殊所在。到目前为止， 与鸟类有关的对比语言学研究方面几乎没有，特别是汉越鸟类名称的对比 研究仍然是空虚的。由于上述理由，我们基于词义理论、语义场理论、命 名理论及对比语言学理论，以鸟类名称为研究对象，采用描写与解释相结 合法、定量分析与定性分析相结合法及对比法，对汉越鸟类名称进行对比 研究，揭示其构造、命名特点及引申义，并指出两者之间的异同，为汉、 越语对比研究作出一定的贡献。 全文分为绪论、正文及结语三个部分，正文包括四章，主要内容如下： 绪论部分主要阐述论文的选题缘由、研究对象及意义，简要说明论 文的研究方法、研究内容、论文构造、研究目的、语料来源等方面的内容。 第一章：汉越鸟类名称的研究综述及理论基础。这一部分对汉越有 关文献进行全面综述，提出以往研究的不足，从此确定本研究的理论基础 及研究角度。介绍词义的相关理论、语义场理论、命名学理论及对比语言 学理论。说明本研究对鸟类名称的划分标准。 第二章：汉越鸟类名称构造对比。这一部分在阐明有关汉越鸟类名称 构造的若干问题之后，重点分析汉越鸟类名称的内部构造，以名素为构成 鸟类名称的最小单位，将鸟名分为有一个、两个、三个和四个名素的，结 果发现两种语言中存在同中有异的现象。从名素数量的角度上看，大部分 iv 鸟类名称都是有一个名素和两个名素，其中最受欢迎的都是由两个名素组 成的名称。因此可以得出汉语鸟类名称典型的构造形式为“区别名素 +类属 名素”，越南语鸟类名称典型的构造形式为“类属名素+区别名素”。排在第 二位都是单音节名称；排在第三位都是连绵式名称，属于其他构造类型的 名称能产性均很低。 第三章：汉越鸟类名称命名特点对比。这部分分别将汉越鸟类名称 的命名理据及命名方式进行分析、对比、指出异同并解释原因。命名理据 说明鸟类的得名之由，主要来自鸟类本身的自然属性，如：羽毛色泽、形 体、鸣叫声、生活习惯、觅食对象等，也有来自来源、功用、品质、传说 典故等角度的理据。两国人民对鸟类的“羽毛色泽”最为敏感。命名方式则 主要从语言角度，人们为鸟类命名时都运用了哪些语言要素，以及这些 要素是如何被加工使用的，如：语素合成、修辞命名、借用外来词、以 意符命名等。两者有机地结合，从而揭开“命名特点”的整体面貌。 第四章：汉越鸟类名称引申义对比。这一部分依据多义词理论对汉 越鸟类名称的引申状况进行了描述分析，具体为鸟类引申指人类、其他事 物和时空三方面，并将汉越鸟类名称引申义进行对比、指出异同并解释原 因。其中，鸟类引申指人类是最普遍最丰富的引申指向。几乎人类所有的 方方面面都在鸟类的引申中得以反映：从相貌特点、性别特征到更深层的 性格品质及精神生活。丰富多彩的引申现象表明中国人和越南人都喜欢使 用一种相互关联的思维方式，重视辩证思维、道德修养，尊重与自然及环 境的和谐，重视客观环境以及生活环境对人类的重大影响等等。 关键词：鸟类名称 构造 命名 引申义 汉、越 对比 v ABSTRACT In nature, birds are those creatures which possess the most beautiful feathers, and the most melodious voices as well as have the most unique habits of all vertebrates Birds play a crucially important role in the material and non-material culture of the Chinese as well as the Vietnamese Both of the languages devote a large number of words and equivalent expressions to indicate bird names China and Vietnam are linked by mountains and rivers, and there is a particularly longstanding relationship between Chinese and Vietnamese culturally and linguistically However, at the same time, the two languages also exhibit distinctive language-specific characteristics and those linguistic differences are shown to vividly reflect on the name of the birds Bird names belong to words used to describe animals and are often included in the basic vocabulary of any language However, previous studies rarely reveal the detailed characteristics and the underlying mechanisms of bird names Most of them are descriptions specifically confined to a single language, making it difficult to highlight the distinguishing features of bird names across languages So far, there has been very few Contrastive Linguistics research on the bird names from the perspective of the semantic field’s theory, and even fewer contrastive linguistics accounts of Chinese and Vietnamese bird names are available For the above reasons, based on the framework of the polysemy theory, the semantic field theory,the naming theory and the contrastive linguistics theory, we have conducted a thorough contrastive study of Chinese and Vietnamese bird names, revealing their internal structures, their naming strategies and their extended meanings, pointing out the similarities and differences between them, making a certain contribution to the contrastive study of Chinese and Vietnamese This dissertation can be divided into three parts namely the introduction, the main text and the conclusion The main text consists of four chapters, with the following contents: vi The introduction lays out the reasoning of choosing this topic, the research methods, the research objectives and the significance of the current study to the literature as well as clarifies how the data are collected and analysed Chapter one provides the theoretical basis of the study of Chinese and Vietnamese bird names This chapter offers a comprehensive review of the relevant research, points out the shortcomings of previous accounts, and thus determines the theoretical basis and the research approach of this study In addition, the chapter also introduces the theory of semantic field and denomination as well as the contrastive linguistics methods which are recruited in this study Finally, it explains the classification criteria of bird names in this study Chapter two is a contrastive study of the internal structure of Chinese and Vietnamese bird names After clarifying the structural unit of bird names, this part focuses on the analysis of the compositional structure of bird names in the two languages, dividing them into one, two, three and four structural units, and then compares the constituent structures of bird names in the two languages, pointing out and accounting for the similarities and differences between the two systems Most bird names have one and two structural units, and the most popular ones have two From the perspective of proportion, no matter in Chinese or Vietnamese, the most popular ones are abiased-positive formation with two structural units The typical construction form of Chinese bird names is "differential morpheme + classified morpheme" whereas the typical construction form of Vietnamese bird names is "classified morpheme + differential morpheme" The second most popular are monosyllabic names; in the third place are continuous names, names of other tectonic types are very low productivity Chapter three is a contrastive study of the naming strategies of Chinese and Vietnamese bird names This part carefully examines the commonalities and disparities and explains the reasons for names and naming methods in the two languages We first explain the reasons for birds to get their names, such as based vii on the feature of color, form/shape, habits, voice, etc We then further investigate the naming processes from a linguistic perspective, i.e., taking into consideration which language elements people use to name birds, and how these elements are processed and utilized, such as: morpheme synthesis, rhetorical naming, borrowing foreign words, using Chinese character naming, etc The general goal is to uncover the "naming characteristics" exhibited in the two systems Chapter four is a contrastive study of the extended meaning of Chinese and Vietnamese bird names Based on the polysemy theory, this part describes and analyzes the extensional meaning of bird names in the two languages, specifically, birds can also refer to human beings, time and space and other things We further compare and contrast the extended meanings of bird names in Chinese and Vietnamese, revealing what unifies as well as what differentiates the two systems, and finally provide the reasons for such comparison Keywords: bird names extended meanings internal structure denomination Chinese- Vietnamese contrastive analysis ... HẢO 汉越鸟类名称对比研究 汉越鸟类名称对比研究 NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỐI CHIẾU TÊN GỌI CÁC LOÀI CHIM TRONG TIẾNG HÁN VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỐI CHIẾU TÊN GỌI CÁC LOÀI CHIM TRONG TIẾNG HÁN VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ LUẬN... LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ Chuyên ngành : Ngôn ngữ Trung Quốc Mã số chuyên ngành ：9220204.01 NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC： GS.TS NGUYỄN VĂN KHANG NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: GS.TS NGUYỄN VĂN KHANG... HẢO 汉越鸟类名称对比研究 NGUYỄN THỊ HẢO NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỐI CHIẾU TÊN GỌI CÁC LOÀI CHIM 汉越鸟类名称对比研究 TRONG TIẾNG HÁN VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỐI CHIẾU TÊN GỌI CÁC LOÀI CHIM TRONG TIẾNG HÁN VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT LUẬN